release 182

[elogind.git] / NEWS

udev 182
========
Rules files in /etc/udev/rules.s/ with the same name as rules files in
/run/udev/rules.d/ now always have precedence. The stack of files is now:
/usr/lib (package), /run (runtime, auto-generated), /etc (admin), while
the later ones override the earlier ones. In other words: the admin has
always the last say.

USB auto-suspend is now enabled by default for some built-in USB HID
devices.

/dev/disk/by-path/ links are no longer created for ATA devices behind
an 'ATA transport class', the logic to extract predictable numbers does
not exist in the kernel at this moment.

/dev/disk/by-id/scsi-* compatibility links are no longer created for
ATA devices, they have their own ata-* prefix.

The s390 rule to set mode == 0666 for /dev/z90crypt is is removed from
the udev tree and will be part of s390utils (or alternatively could be
done by the kernel driver itself).

The udev-acl tool is no longer provided, it will be part of a future
ConsoleKit release. On systemd systems, advanced ConsoleKit and udev-acl
functionality are provided by systemd.

udev 181
========
Require kmod version 5.

Provide /dev/cdrom symlink for /dev/sr0.

udev 180
========
Fix for ID_PART_ENTRY_* property names, added by the blkid built-in. The
fix is needed for udisk2 to operate properly.

Fix for skipped rule execution when the kernel has removed the device
node in /dev again, before the event was even started. The fix is needed
to run device-mapper/LVM events properly.

Fix for the man page installation, which was skipped when xsltproc was not
installed.

udev 179
========
Bugfix for $name resolution, which broke at least some keymap handling.

udev 178
========
Bugfix for the firmware loading behavior with kernel modules which
try to load firmware in the module_init() path. The blocked event
runs into a timout now, which should allow the firmware to be loaded.

Bugfix for a wrong DEVNAME= export, which breaks at least the udev-acl
tool.

Bugfix for missing ID_ properties for GPT partitions.

The RUN+="socket:.." option is deprecated and should not be used. A warning
during rules parsing is printed now. Services which listen to udev events,
need to subscribe to the netlink messages with libudev and not let udev block
in the rules execution until the message is delivered.

udev 177
========
Bugfix for rule_generator instalation.

udev 176
========
The 'devtmpfs' filesystem is required now, udev will not create or delete
device nodes anymore, it only adjusts permissions and ownership of device
nodes and maintains additional symlinks.

A writable /run directory (ususally tmpfs) is required now for a fully
functional udev, there is no longer a fallback to /dev/.udev.

The default 'configure' install locations have changed. Packages for systems
with the historic / vs. /usr split need to be adapted, otherwise udev will
be installed in /usr and not work properly. Example configuration options
to install things the traditional way are in INSTALL.

The default install location of the 'udevadm' tool moved from 'sbin'
to /usr/bin. Some tools expect udevadm in 'sbin', a symlink to udevadm
needs to be manually created if needed, or --bindir=/sbin be specified.

The expected value of '--libexecdir=' has changed and must no longer contain
the 'udev' directory.

Kernel modules are now loaded directly by linking udev to 'libkmod'. The
'modprobe' tool is no longer executed by udev.

The 'blkid' tool is no longer executed from udev rules. Udev links
directly to libblkid now.

Firmware is loaded natively by udev now, the external 'firmware' binary
is no longer used.

All built-in tools can be listed and tested with 'udevadm test-builtin'.

The 'udevadm control --reload-rules' option has been renamed to '--reload'.
It now also reloads the kernel module configuration.

The systemd socket files use PassCredentials=yes, which is available in
systemd version 38.

The udev build system only creates a .xz tarball now.

All tabs in the source code used for indentation are replaced by spaces now. :)

udev 175
========
Bugfixes.

udev 174
========
Bugfixes.

The udev daemon moved to /lib/udev/udevd. Non-systemd init systems
and non-dracut initramfs image generators need to change the init
scripts. Alternatively the udev build needs to move udevd back to
/sbin or create a symlink in /sbin, which is not done by default.

The path_id, usb_id, input_id tools are built-in commands now and
the stand-alone tools do not exist anymore. Static lists of file in
initramfs generators need to be updated. For testing, the commands
can still be executed standalone with 'udevadm test-builtin <cmd>'.

The fusectl filesystem is no longer mounted directly from udev.
Systemd systems will take care of mounting fusectl and configfs
now. Non-systemd systems need to ship their own rule if they
need these filesystems auto-mounted.

The long deprecated keys: SYSFS=, ID=, BUS= have been removed.

The support for 'udevadm trigger --type=failed, and the
RUN{fail_event_on_error} attribute was removed.

The udev control socket is now created in /run/udev/control
and no longer as an abstract namespace one.

The rules to create persistent network interface and cdrom link
rules automatically in /etc/udev/rules.d/ have been disabled by
default. Explicit configuration will be required for these use
cases, udev will no longer try to write any persistent system
configuration from a device hotplug path.

udev 173
========
Bugfixes.

The udev-acl extra is no longer enabled by default now. To enable it,
--enable-udev_acl needs to be given at ./configure time. On systemd
systems, the udev-acl rules prevent it from running as the functionality
has moved to systemd.

udev 172
========
Bugfixes.

Udev now enables kernel media-presence polling if available. Part
of udisks optical drive tray-handling moved to cdrom_id: The tray
is locked as soon as a media is detected to enable the receiving
of media-eject-request events. Media-eject-request events will
eject the media.

Libudev enumerate is now able to enumerate a subtree of a given
device.

The mobile-action-modeswitch modeswitch tool was deleted. The
functionality is provided by usb_modeswitch now.

udev 171
========
Bugfixes.

The systemd service files require systemd version 28. The systemd
socket activation make it possible now to start 'udevd' and 'udevadm
trigger' in parallel.

udev 170
========
Fix bug in control message handling, which can lead to a failing
udevadm control --exit. Thanks to Jürg Billeter for help tracking
it down.

udev 169
========
Bugfixes.

We require at least Linux kernel 2.6.32 now. Some platforms might
require a later kernel that supports accept4() and similar, or
need to backport the trivial syscall wiring to the older kernels.

The hid2hci tool moved to the bluez package and was removed.

Many of the extras can be --enable/--disabled at ./configure
time. The --disable-extras option was removed. Some extras have
been disabled by default. The current options and their defaults
can be checked with './configure --help'.

udev 168
========
Bugfixes.

Udev logs a warning now if /run is not writable at udevd
startup. It will still fall back to /dev/.udev, but this is
now considered a bug.

The running udev daemon can now cleanly shut down with:
  udevadm control --exit

Udev in initramfs should clean the state of the udev database
with: udevadm info --cleanup-db which will remove all state left
behind from events/rules in initramfs. If initramfs uses
--cleanup-db and device-mapper/LVM, the rules in initramfs need
to add OPTIONS+="db_persist" for all dm devices. This will
prevent removal of the udev database for these devices.

Spawned programs by PROGRAM/IMPORT/RUN now have a hard timeout of
120 seconds per process. If that timeout is reached the spawned
process will be killed. The event timeout can be overwritten with
udev rules.

If systemd is used, udev gets now activated by netlink data.
Systemd will bind the netlink socket which will buffer all data.
If needed, such setup allows a seemless update of the udev daemon,
where no event can be lost during a udevd update/restart.
Packages need to make sure to: systemctl stop udev.socket udev.service
or 'mask' udev.service during the upgrade to prevent any unwanted
auto-spawning of udevd.
This version of udev conflicts with systemd version below 25. The
unchanged service files will not wirk correctly.

udev 167
========
Bugfixes.

The udev runtime data moved from /dev/.udev/ to /run/udev/. The
/run mountpoint is supposed to be a tmpfs mounted during early boot,
available and writable to for all tools at any time during bootup,
it replaces /var/run/, which should become a symlink some day.

If /run does not exist, or is not writable, udev will fall back using
/dev/.udev/.

On systemd systems with initramfs and LVM used, packagers must
make sure, that the systemd and initramfs versions match. The initramfs
needs to create the /run mountpoint for udev to store the data, and
mount this tmpfs to /run in the rootfs, so the that the udev database
is preserved for the udev version started in the rootfs.

The command 'udevadm info --convert-db' is gone. The udev daemon
itself, at startup, converts any old database version if necessary.

The systemd services files have been reorganized. The udev control
socket is bound by systemd and passed to the started udev daemon.
The udev-settle.service is no longer active by default. Services which
can not handle hotplug setups properly need to actively pull it in, to
act like a barrier. Alternatively the settle service can be unconditionally
'systemctl'enabled, and act like a barrier for basic.target.

The fstab_import callout is no longer built or installed. Udev
should not be used to mount, does not watch changes to fstab, and
should not mirror fstab values in the udev database.

udev 166
========
Bugfixes.

New and updated keymaps.

udev 165
========
Bugfixes.

The udev database has changed, After installation of a new udev
version, 'udevadm info --convert-db' should be called, to let the new
udev/libudev version read the already stored data.

udevadm now supports quoting of property values, and prefixing of
key names:
  $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix=MY_ --query=property -n sda
  MY_MAJOR='259'
  MY_MINOR='0'
  MY_DEVNAME='/dev/sda'
  MY_DEVTYPE='disk'
  ...

libudev now supports:
  udev_device_get_is_initialized()
  udev_enumerate_add_match_is_initialized()
to be able to skip devices the kernel has created , but udev has
not already handled.

libudev now supports:
  udev_device_get_usec_since_initialized()
to retrieve the "age" of a udev device record.

GUdev supports a more generic GUdevEnumerator class, udev TAG
handling, device initialization and timestamp now.

The counterpart of /sys/dev/{char,block}/$major:$minor,
/dev/{char,block}/$major:$minor symlinks are now unconditionally
created, even when no rule files exist.

New and updated keymaps.

udev 164
========
Bugfixes.

GUdev moved from /usr to /.

udev 163
========
Bugfixes.

udev 162
========
Bugfixes.

Persistent network naming rules are disabled inside of Qemu/KVM now.

New and updated keymaps.

Udev gets unconditionally enabled on systemd installations now. There
is no longer the need to to run 'systemctl enable udev.service'.

udev 161
========
Bugfixes.

udev 160
========
Bugfixes.

udev 159
========
Bugfixes.

New and fixed keymaps.

Install systemd service files if applicable.

udev 158
========
Bugfixes.

All distribution specific rules are removed from the udev source tree,
most of them are no longer needed. The Gentoo rules which allow to support
older kernel versions, which are not covered by the default rules anymore
has moved to rules/misc/30-kernel-compat.rules.

udev 157
========
Bugfixes.

The option --debug-trace and the environemnt variable UDEVD_MAX_CHILDS=
was removed from udevd.

Udevd now checks the kernel commandline for the following variables:
  udev.log-priority=<syslog priority>
  udev.children-max=<maximum number of workers>
  udev.exec-delay=<seconds to delay the execution of RUN=>
to help debuging coldplug setups where the loading of a kernel
module crashes the system.

The subdirectory in the source tree rules/packages has been renamed to
rules/arch, anc contains only architecture specific rules now.

udev 156
========
Bugfixes.

udev 155
========
Bugfixes.

Now the udev daemon itself, does on startup:
  - copy the content of /lib/udev/devices to /dev
  - create the standard symlinks like /dev/std{in,out,err},
    /dev/core, /dev/fd, ...
  - use static node information provided by kernel modules
    and creates these nodes to allow module on-demand loading
  - possibly apply permissions to all ststic nodes from udev
    rules which are annotated to match a static node

The default mode for a device node is 0600 now to match the kernel
created devtmpfs defaults. If GROUP= is specified and no MODE= is
given the default will be 0660.

udev 154
========
Bugfixes.

Udev now gradually starts to pass control over the primary device nodes
and their names to the kernel, and will in the end only manage the
permissions of the node, and possibly create additional symlinks.
As a first step NAME="" will be ignored, and NAME= setings with names
other than the kernel provided name will result in a logged warning.
Kernels that don't provide device names, or devtmpfs is not used, will
still work as they did before, but it is strongly recommended to use
only the same names for the primary device node as the recent kernel
provides for all devices.

udev 153
========
Fix broken firmware loader search path.

udev 152
========
Bugfixes.

"udevadm trigger" defaults to "change" events now instead of "add"
events. The "udev boot script" might need to add "--action=add" to
the trigger command if not already there, in case the initial coldplug
events are expected as "add" events.

The option "all_partitons" was removed from udev. This should not be
needed for usual hardware. Udev can not safely make assumptions
about non-existing partition major/minor numbers, and therefore no
longer provide this unreliable and unsafe option.

The option "ignore_remove" was removed from udev. With devtmpfs
udev passed control over device nodes to the kernel. This option
should not be needed, or can not work as advertised. Neither
udev nor the kernel will remove device nodes which are copied from
the /lib/udev/devices/ directory.

All "add|change" matches are replaced by "!remove" in the rules and
in the udev logic. All types of events will update possible symlinks
and permissions, only "remove" is handled special now.

The modem modeswitch extra was removed and the external usb_modeswitch
program should be used instead.

New and fixed keymaps.

udev 151
========
Bugfixes.

udev 150
========
Bugfixes.

Kernels with SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y are not supported since a while. Many users
depend on the current sysfs layout and the information not available in the
deprecated layout. All remaining support for the deprecated sysfs layout is
removed now.

udev 149
========
Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.

udev 148
========
Bugfixes.

The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
inconsistent behavior in current setups.

BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
file from now on.

The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
need to add the rules to the compat rules file.

The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".

udev 147
========
Bugfixes.

To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
prior notice.

Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.

NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
from all rules.

Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
be added to the compat rules file.

Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
the udevadm commands.

The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
required now.

The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
that something needs to be fixed properly instead.

The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.

udev 146
========
Bugfixes.

The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
a while by "--type=failed" is removed.

The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
default is not to track any failing RUN executions.

New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.

udev 145
========
Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.

udev 144
========
Bugfixes.

Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
exported with the event.

Firmware files are looked up in:
  /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
  /lib/firmware/updates
  /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
  /lib/firmware"
now.

ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.

udev 143
========
Bugfixes.

The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
the README file.

Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
future events, all others get cleaned up.

To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.

The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.

Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.

To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
is available here:
  http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/

The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.

udev 142
========
Bugfixes.

The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
can not be used with udev.

Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
    This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
users over to directly use libudev.
    Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
soon.

A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
format will fail to work correctly.

DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
rules file.

udev 141
========
Bugfixes.

The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
events.

udev 140
========
Bugfixes.

"udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
instead of waiting for "all" events.

udev 139
========
Bugfixes.

The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
event handling the watch is restored.

udev 138
========
Bugfixes.

Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
/dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.

udev 137
========
Bugfixes.

The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
are always updated with a test run now.

The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
lookup user and groups every time events are handled.

udev 136
========
Bugfixes.

We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
glibc's getgrnam():
  disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.

Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.

In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.

/dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
name in the by-id/ directory.
Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.

To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.

udev 135
========
Bugfixes.

Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
versions 131-134.

udev 134
========
Bugfixes.

The group "video" is part of the default rules now.

udev 133
========
Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
it should be disabled in the kernel config.

Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
create /dev/{block,char}/ links.

The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
version 130.

The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.

Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
auto-mounting.

udev 132
========
Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
compiled out and uses variables which are not available.

udev 131
========
Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))

The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
other keys per rule are gone.

The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
assignment with NAME:="<value>".

All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.

Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.

udev 130
========
Bugfixes.

Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
/sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
  /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
and the device node of the same device by looking up:
  /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>

udev 129
========
Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
of a volume.

Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.

More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
now.

udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
--retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.

udev 128
========
Bugfixes.

The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
option which is not affected.

The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.

udev 127
========
Bugfixes.

Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
for the filesystem.

The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
some deprecated functions are removed.

A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
devices.
The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
finished.

udev 126
========
We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
options are:
    --prefix=
        "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
    --exec-prefix=
        "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
    --sysconfdir=
        "/etc"
    --with-libdir-name=
        "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
        multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
    --enable-debug
        compile-in verbose debug messages
    --disable-logging
        disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
    --with-selinux
        link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
        for created files

In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.

No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
they should be provided by the package.

udev 125
========
Bugfixes.

Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
files from:
  /lib/udev/rules.d/  - default installed rules
  /etc/udev/rules.d/  - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
  /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
in lexical order.

To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
  $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
  ROOT_MAJOR=8
  ROOT_MINOR=5
In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
sysfs 'dev' file.

udev 124
========
Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.

udev 123
========
Bugfixes.

Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().

udev 122
========
Bugfixes.

The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
the Makefile.

The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.

udev 121
========
Many bugfixes.

The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
udev (and the kernel).

udev 120
========
Bugfixes.

The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.

The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
udevtest are no longer created.

The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
no longer created.

Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
real file.

udev 119
========
Bugfixes.

udev 118
========
Bugfixes.

Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.

udev 117
========
Bugfixes.

All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.

Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
udevadm in the list of files.

udev 116
========
Bugfixes.

udev 115
========
Bugfixes.

The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
in etc/udev/packages/.

udev 114
========
Bugfixes.

Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
actions by dynamically created rules.

SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.

RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
program and not record as a failed event.

udev 113
========
Bugfixes.

Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.

udev 112
========
Bugfixes.

Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.

To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".

Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.

udev 111
========
Bugfixes.

In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
or whitespace characters are used in the filename.

Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.

udev 110
========
Bugfixes.

Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.

udev 109
========
Bugfixes.

udev 108
========
Bugfixes.

The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
from the udev package.

udev 107
========
Bugfixes.

Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
these symlinks.

The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.

Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
the devices we are looking for.

USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
the same SCSI identifiers.

Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
/etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
that run programs only for the matching events.

udev 106
========
Bugfixes.

udev 105
========
Bugfixes.

DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
included in the match.

Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.

udev 104
========
Bugfixes.

udev 103
========
Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
storage area of their music players.

udev 102
========
Fix path_id for SAS devices.

udev 101
========
The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
action that crashes the box.

A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.

Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
device.

udev 100
========
Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.

udev 099
========
Bugfixes.

Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.

The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
should be used now.

The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.

The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.

udev 098
========
Bugfixes.

Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
(The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
is logged.
With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
files.

ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
event device. Instead of:
  ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
we now can do:
  ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"

All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
future kernel:
  PHYDEVPATH -    is the path of a parent device and should not be
                  needed at all.
  PHYSDEVBUS -    is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
                  matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
  PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
                  Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
                  for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
                  no longer carry this property of a parent and
                  DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
in most cases it will be empty.

Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
   udevtrigger --retry-failed.
Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.

The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
no database file was created by udev.

The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().

udev 097
========
Bugfixes and small improvements.

udev 096
========
Fix path_id for recent kernels.

udev 095
========
%e is finally gone.

Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.

udev 094
========
The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.

udev 093
========
The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.

udev 092
========
Bugfix release.

udev 091
========
Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
fix possibly broken rules.

udev 090
========
Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
events that have not already arrived in the daemon.

udev 089
========
Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
also skipped optical IDE drives.

All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.

No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
packaging process and not at build time.

libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.

udev 088
========
Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
to 60-persistent-storage.rules.

Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.

Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.

udev 087
========
Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.

Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.

udev 086
========
Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
events for the same device.

udev 085
========
Fix cramfs detection on big endian.

Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
device goes away.

udev 084
========
If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
received the event for.

Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
build name.

udev 083
========
Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.

RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
the end of the program name to prevent this.
If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".

udev 082
========
The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
included in a package.

Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
the ignore rule was applied.

More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
should be requested by their subsytem.

This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
path position:
  dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
  dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");

The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
_resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.

Note:
A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
/devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
for changed parent chains.

udev 081
========
Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
/sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.

Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
moving the class devices to /sys/devices.

Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
to make %b simpler and working again.

udev 080
========
Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
change. They will be fixed immediately.

The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.

MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
the sysfs "modalias" value.

Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.

udev 079
========
Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.

Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.

Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.

udev 078
========
Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
mentioned on the hotplug list:
  UDEV  [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
  ...
  DEVNAME=/dev/sdb
  DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0

udev 077
========
Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.

udev 076
========
All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
  ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"

The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
/$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
to anything else.
If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
still private to udev and can change at any time.

Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.

Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
files.

Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
before starting the daemon.

udev 075
========
Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
emulation.

The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
should be used to build a klibc udev now.

udev 074
========
NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.

After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
without any queuing now.

udev 073
========
Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
version of udev anymore.

udev 072
========
The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.

Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
device removal and the udev database will not work.

Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
and packaging.

A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.

udev 071
========
Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".

scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
non-writable /tmp directory.

The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
let's see who can break this again. :)

The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
versions will _not_ create these devices!

udev 070
========
Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
beeing installed.

udev 069
========
A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
/dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
export it to the filesystem.

udev 068
========
More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
situations.

udev 067
========
Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
available while we try to run external programs.
Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.

udev 066
========
Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
grab it from here. :)

udev 065
========
We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
other programs:
  RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)

udev 064
========
Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.

The test for the existence of an environment value should be
switched from:
  ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
is empty.

udev 063
========
Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.

udev 062
========
Mostly a Bugfix release.

Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
timing with custom rules.

udev 061
========
We changed the  internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.

If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
need to be updated to work correctly with that change.

To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.

udev 060
========
Bugfix release.

udev 059
========
Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.

o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
  will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
  SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
  with:
    echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
  For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
  bypass the driver core.

o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
  removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
  helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
    make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
  will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
  from a rule if needed:
    RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
  The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
  the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
  multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
  fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
  is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)

o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
  devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
  behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
    ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"

o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
  substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
  needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.

o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
  man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
  and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
  Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
  prevent changing the key by any later rule.

o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
  sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
  to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
  Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
  some events.

o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
  scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
  to export the probed data in environment key format:
    pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
    ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
    ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
    ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA

  The following rules:
    KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
    KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"

  Will create:
    kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
    /dev/disk
    |-- by-id
    |   |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
    |   `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
    |-- by-label
    |   |-- swap -> ../../hda1
    |   |-- date -> ../../sda1
    |   `-- home -> ../../hda3
    `-- by-uuid
        |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
        |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
        |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
        `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2

  The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
  it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
  also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
  next udev versions.

o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
  to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
  can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
  initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
  development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
  The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.

o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
  events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
  udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
  replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.

udev 058
========
With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.

udev 057
========
All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
naming rules.

Note:
Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
to some rules, to keep the old behavior.

The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.

The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.

The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.

We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
UDEV_LOG.

udev 056
========
Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
  make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.

udev 055
========
We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.

If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.

The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.

The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
character class negations like:
  KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
this can now be replaced with:
  KERNEL!="scd*"
The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.

We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
variables.

udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
with every forked event.