5 The udev runtime data moved from /dev/.udev/ to /dev/.run/udev/.
6 On new systems the tmpfs mountpoint /var/run/ will have an
7 "early-boot alias" /dev/.run/ where udev and a couple of other
8 early-boot tools will put their runtime data.
9 On systems with LVM used, packagers must make sure, that the
10 initramfs creates the /dev/.run/ mountpoint for udev to store
11 the data, so that the real root will not overmount it, which
12 would make it invisible.
14 The command 'udevadm info --convert-db' is gone. The udev daemon
15 itself, at startup, converts any old database version if necessary.
21 New and updated keymaps.
27 The udev database has changed, After installation of a new udev
28 version, 'udevadm info --convert-db' should be called, to let the new
29 udev/libudev version read the already stored data.
31 udevadm now supports quoting of property values, and prefixing of
33 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix=MY_ --query=property -n sda
41 udev_device_get_is_initialized()
42 udev_enumerate_add_match_is_initialized()
43 to be able to skip devices the kernel has created , but udev has
47 udev_device_get_usec_since_initialized()
48 to retrieve the "age" of a udev device record.
50 GUdev supports a more generic GUdevEnumerator class, udev TAG
51 handling, device initialization and timestamp now.
53 The counterpart of /sys/dev/{char,block}/$major:$minor,
54 /dev/{char,block}/$major:$minor symlinks are now unconditionally
55 created, even when no rule files exist.
57 New and updated keymaps.
63 GUdev moved from /usr to /.
73 Persistent network naming rules are disabled inside of Qemu/KVM now.
75 New and updated keymaps.
77 Udev gets unconditionally enabled on systemd installations now. There
78 is no longer the need to to run 'systemctl enable udev.service'.
92 New and fixed keymaps.
94 Install systemd service files if applicable.
100 All distribution specific rules are removed from the udev source tree,
101 most of them are no longer needed. The Gentoo rules which allow to support
102 older kernel versions, which are not covered by the default rules anymore
103 has moved to rules/misc/30-kernel-compat.rules.
109 The option --debug-trace and the environemnt variable UDEVD_MAX_CHILDS=
110 was removed from udevd.
112 Udevd now checks the kernel commandline for the following variables:
113 udev.log-priority=<syslog priority>
114 udev.children-max=<maximum number of workers>
115 udev.exec-delay=<seconds to delay the execution of RUN=>
116 to help debuging coldplug setups where the loading of a kernel
117 module crashes the system.
119 The subdirectory in the source tree rules/packages has been renamed to
120 rules/arch, anc contains only architecture specific rules now.
130 Now the udev daemon itself, does on startup:
131 - copy the content of /lib/udev/devices to /dev
132 - create the standard symlinks like /dev/std{in,out,err},
133 /dev/core, /dev/fd, ...
134 - use static node information provided by kernel modules
135 and creates these nodes to allow module on-demand loading
136 - possibly apply permissions to all ststic nodes from udev
137 rules which are annotated to match a static node
139 The default mode for a device node is 0600 now to match the kernel
140 created devtmpfs defaults. If GROUP= is specified and no MODE= is
141 given the default will be 0660.
147 Udev now gradually starts to pass control over the primary device nodes
148 and their names to the kernel, and will in the end only manage the
149 permissions of the node, and possibly create additional symlinks.
150 As a first step NAME="" will be ignored, and NAME= setings with names
151 other than the kernel provided name will result in a logged warning.
152 Kernels that don't provide device names, or devtmpfs is not used, will
153 still work as they did before, but it is strongly recommended to use
154 only the same names for the primary device node as the recent kernel
155 provides for all devices.
159 Fix broken firmware loader search path.
165 "udevadm trigger" defaults to "change" events now instead of "add"
166 events. The "udev boot script" might need to add "--action=add" to
167 the trigger command if not already there, in case the initial coldplug
168 events are expected as "add" events.
170 The option "all_partitons" was removed from udev. This should not be
171 needed for usual hardware. Udev can not safely make assumptions
172 about non-existing partition major/minor numbers, and therefore no
173 longer provide this unreliable and unsafe option.
175 The option "ignore_remove" was removed from udev. With devtmpfs
176 udev passed control over device nodes to the kernel. This option
177 should not be needed, or can not work as advertised. Neither
178 udev nor the kernel will remove device nodes which are copied from
179 the /lib/udev/devices/ directory.
181 All "add|change" matches are replaced by "!remove" in the rules and
182 in the udev logic. All types of events will update possible symlinks
183 and permissions, only "remove" is handled special now.
185 The modem modeswitch extra was removed and the external usb_modeswitch
186 program should be used instead.
188 New and fixed keymaps.
198 Kernels with SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y are not supported since a while. Many users
199 depend on the current sysfs layout and the information not available in the
200 deprecated layout. All remaining support for the deprecated sysfs layout is
205 Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.
211 The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
212 ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
213 It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
214 inconsistent behavior in current setups.
216 BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
217 ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
220 The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
221 default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
222 need to add the rules to the compat rules file.
224 The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
225 set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
226 determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
227 can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
228 checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
229 ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".
235 To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
236 private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
237 private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
238 Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
239 is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
242 Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
243 only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
244 This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.
246 NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
247 It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
250 Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
251 if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
252 be added to the compat rules file.
254 Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
255 the udevadm commands.
257 The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
260 The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
261 things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
262 that something needs to be fixed properly instead.
264 The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
265 G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
266 is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
267 information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.
273 The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
274 a while by "--type=failed" is removed.
276 The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
277 option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
278 default is not to track any failing RUN executions.
280 New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.
284 Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
285 changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.
291 Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
292 name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
293 exported with the event.
295 Firmware files are looked up in:
296 /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
297 /lib/firmware/updates
298 /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
302 ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
303 ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.
309 The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
310 installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
311 libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
314 Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
315 the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
316 cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
317 After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
318 future events, all others get cleaned up.
320 To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
321 Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.
323 The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
324 no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
325 accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.
327 Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
328 incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.
330 To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
331 build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
333 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
335 The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
336 udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
337 they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.
343 The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
344 repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
345 package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
346 util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
347 can not be used with udev.
349 Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
350 to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
351 installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
352 match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
353 This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
354 users over to directly use libudev.
355 Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
356 eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
357 interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
360 A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
361 is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
362 startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
363 services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
364 format will fail to work correctly.
366 DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
367 need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
374 The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
375 provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
376 the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
377 upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
384 "udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
385 instead of waiting for "all" events.
391 The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
392 during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
393 rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
394 event handling the watch is restored.
400 Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
401 If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
402 /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.
408 The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
409 are always updated with a test run now.
411 The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
412 and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
413 lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
419 We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
420 and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
421 device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
422 we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
424 disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
425 LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
426 bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
428 Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
429 to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
430 compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
431 various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
433 In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
434 of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
435 which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
436 session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
437 and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
438 A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
439 access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
440 to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
441 any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
443 /dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
444 which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
445 devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
446 USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
447 name in the by-id/ directory.
448 Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
449 and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
450 specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
451 USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
453 To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
454 version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
455 supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
456 reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
457 the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
463 Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
470 The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
474 Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
475 block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
476 and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
477 this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
478 it should be disabled in the kernel config.
480 Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
481 are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
482 create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
484 The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
485 contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
486 new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
487 a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
490 The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
491 rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
492 modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
493 modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
494 Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
495 udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
497 Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
498 stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
499 and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
500 will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
501 mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
502 file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
503 in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
504 to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
505 This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
506 it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
507 the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
508 volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
513 Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
514 compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
518 Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
520 The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
521 array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
522 featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
523 Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
524 other keys per rule are gone.
526 The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
527 a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
528 for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
529 assignment with NAME:="<value>".
531 All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
532 is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
533 may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
535 Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
536 optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
542 Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
543 /sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
544 kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
545 /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
546 and the device node of the same device by looking up:
547 /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
551 Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
552 file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
555 Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
556 Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
557 so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
559 More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
562 udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
563 for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
564 --retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
570 The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
571 the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
572 option which is not affected.
574 The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
575 these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
581 Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
582 reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
583 Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
586 The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
587 some deprecated functions are removed.
589 A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
590 to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
591 need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
593 The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
594 expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
599 We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
602 "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
604 "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
608 "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
609 multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
611 compile-in verbose debug messages
613 disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
615 link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
618 In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
619 of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
620 distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
622 No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
623 they should be provided by the package.
629 Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
630 be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
631 the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
633 /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
634 /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
635 /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
636 It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
639 To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
640 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
643 In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
644 the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
645 format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
650 Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
656 Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
657 nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
663 The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
666 The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
667 SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
668 data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
669 we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
675 The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
676 detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
677 media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
678 udev (and the kernel).
684 The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
686 The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
687 udevtest are no longer created.
689 The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
692 Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
693 should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
704 Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
705 a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
711 All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
712 The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
713 Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
714 the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
715 only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
717 Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
718 udevadm in the list of files.
728 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
729 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
730 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
731 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
732 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
733 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
734 in etc/udev/packages/.
740 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
741 actions by dynamically created rules.
743 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
744 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
745 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
747 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
748 program and not record as a failed event.
754 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
760 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
761 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
762 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
763 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
764 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
766 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
767 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
768 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
770 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
771 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
777 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
778 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
779 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
780 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
781 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
783 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
784 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
790 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
800 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
801 from the udev package.
807 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
808 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
809 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
810 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
811 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
812 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
813 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
816 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
817 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
819 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
820 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
821 the devices we are looking for.
823 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
824 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
825 the same SCSI identifiers.
827 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
828 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
829 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
830 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
831 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
832 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
833 that run programs only for the matching events.
843 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
844 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
845 included in the match.
847 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
855 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
856 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
857 storage area of their music players.
861 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
865 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
866 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
867 action that crashes the box.
869 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
870 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
871 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
872 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
873 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
875 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
876 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
881 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
887 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
888 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
890 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
891 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
892 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
895 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
896 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
897 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
898 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
899 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
901 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
902 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
908 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
909 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
910 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
911 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
912 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
914 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
915 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
916 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
917 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
918 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
921 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
922 event device. Instead of:
923 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
925 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
927 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
929 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
931 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
932 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
933 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
934 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
935 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
936 no longer carry this property of a parent and
937 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
938 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
939 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
940 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
941 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
942 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
943 in most cases it will be empty.
945 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
946 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
947 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
948 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
949 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
950 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
951 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
953 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
954 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
955 no database file was created by udev.
957 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
958 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
959 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
963 Bugfixes and small improvements.
967 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
973 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
974 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
978 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
982 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
983 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
991 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
992 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
993 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
994 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
995 fix possibly broken rules.
999 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
1000 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
1001 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
1002 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
1006 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
1007 also skipped optical IDE drives.
1009 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
1011 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
1012 packaging process and not at build time.
1014 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
1015 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
1016 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
1017 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
1018 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
1022 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
1023 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
1025 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
1026 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
1027 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
1029 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
1030 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
1034 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
1036 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
1040 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
1041 events for the same device.
1045 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
1047 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
1052 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
1053 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
1054 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
1055 received the event for.
1057 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
1062 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
1064 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
1065 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
1066 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
1067 the end of the program name to prevent this.
1068 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
1069 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
1070 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
1074 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
1075 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
1076 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
1077 included in a package.
1079 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
1080 the ignore rule was applied.
1082 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
1083 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
1084 should be requested by their subsytem.
1086 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
1088 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
1089 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
1091 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
1092 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
1093 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
1094 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
1095 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
1098 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
1099 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
1100 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
1101 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
1102 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
1103 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
1104 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
1105 for changed parent chains.
1109 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
1110 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
1112 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
1113 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
1115 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
1116 to make %b simpler and working again.
1120 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
1121 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
1122 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
1123 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
1124 change. They will be fixed immediately.
1126 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
1127 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
1128 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
1129 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
1130 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
1132 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
1133 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
1134 the sysfs "modalias" value.
1136 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
1140 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
1142 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
1143 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
1145 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
1146 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
1150 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
1151 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
1152 mentioned on the hotplug list:
1153 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
1156 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
1160 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
1161 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
1162 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
1166 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
1167 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
1168 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
1169 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
1170 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
1171 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
1173 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
1174 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
1176 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
1177 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
1178 still private to udev and can change at any time.
1180 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
1181 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
1182 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
1183 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
1185 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
1186 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
1187 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
1190 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
1191 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
1192 before starting the daemon.
1196 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
1199 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
1200 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
1204 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
1205 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
1207 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
1208 without any queuing now.
1212 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
1213 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
1214 version of udev anymore.
1218 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
1219 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
1220 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
1221 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
1222 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
1224 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
1225 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
1226 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
1227 device removal and the udev database will not work.
1229 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
1232 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
1236 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
1238 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
1239 non-writable /tmp directory.
1241 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
1242 let's see who can break this again. :)
1244 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
1245 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
1246 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
1247 versions will _not_ create these devices!
1251 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
1256 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
1257 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
1258 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
1259 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
1260 export it to the filesystem.
1264 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
1265 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
1270 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
1271 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
1272 available while we try to run external programs.
1273 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
1277 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
1278 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
1279 grab it from here. :)
1283 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
1285 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
1286 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
1287 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
1291 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
1293 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
1295 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
1296 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
1301 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
1305 Mostly a Bugfix release.
1307 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
1308 timing with custom rules.
1312 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
1313 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
1315 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
1316 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
1317 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
1319 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
1327 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
1328 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
1329 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
1330 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
1332 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
1333 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
1334 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
1336 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
1337 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
1338 bypass the driver core.
1340 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
1341 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
1342 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
1343 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
1344 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
1345 from a rule if needed:
1346 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
1347 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
1348 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
1349 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
1350 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
1351 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
1353 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
1354 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
1355 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
1356 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
1358 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
1359 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
1360 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
1362 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
1363 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
1364 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
1365 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
1366 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
1368 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
1369 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
1370 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
1371 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
1374 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
1375 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
1376 to export the probed data in environment key format:
1377 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
1378 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
1379 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
1380 ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA
1382 The following rules:
1383 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
1384 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
1387 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
1390 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
1391 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
1393 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
1394 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
1395 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
1397 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
1398 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
1399 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
1400 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
1402 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
1403 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
1404 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
1407 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
1408 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
1409 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
1410 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
1411 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
1412 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
1414 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
1415 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
1416 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
1417 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
1421 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
1422 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
1426 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
1427 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
1428 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
1432 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
1433 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
1435 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
1436 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
1437 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
1438 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
1440 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
1441 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
1442 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
1444 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
1445 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
1447 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
1448 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
1449 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
1450 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
1451 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
1452 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
1453 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
1458 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
1459 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
1460 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
1464 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
1466 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
1467 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
1469 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
1470 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
1472 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
1473 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
1474 character class negations like:
1475 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
1476 this can now be replaced with:
1478 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
1479 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
1481 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
1484 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
1485 with every forked event.
~ianmdlvl / elogind.git / blob