8 "udevadm trigger" defaults to "change" events now instead of "add"
9 events. The "udev boot script" might need to add "--action=add" to
10 the trigger command if not already there, in case the initial coldplug
11 events are expected as "add" events.
13 The option "all_partitons" was removed from udev. This should not be
14 needed for usual hardware. Udev can not safely make assumptions
15 about non-existing partition major/minor numbers, and therefore no
16 longer provide this unreliable and unsafe option.
18 The option "ignore_remove" was removed from udev. With devtmpfs
19 udev passed control over device nodes to the kernel. This option
20 should not be needed, or can not work as advertised. Neither
21 udev nor the kernel will remove device nodes which are copied from
22 the /lib/udev/devices/ directory.
24 All "add|change" matches are replaced by "!remove" in the rules and
25 in the udev logic. All types of events will update possible symlinks
26 and permissions, only "remove" is handled special now.
28 The modem modeswitch extra was removed and the external usb_modeswitch
29 program should be used instead.
31 New and fixed keymaps.
41 Kernels with SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y are not supported since a while. Many users
42 depend on the current sysfs layout and the information not available in the
43 deprecated layout. All remaining support for the deprecated sysfs layout is
48 Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.
54 The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
55 ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
56 It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
57 inconsistent behavior in current setups.
59 BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
60 ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
63 The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
64 default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
65 need to add the rules to the compat rules file.
67 The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
68 set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
69 determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
70 can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
71 checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
72 ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".
78 To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
79 private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
80 private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
81 Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
82 is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
85 Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
86 only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
87 This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.
89 NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
90 It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
93 Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
94 if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
95 be added to the compat rules file.
97 Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
100 The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
103 The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
104 things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
105 that something needs to be fixed properly instead.
107 The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
108 G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
109 is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
110 information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.
116 The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
117 a while by "--type=failed" is removed.
119 The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
120 option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
121 default is not to track any failing RUN executions.
123 New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.
127 Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
128 changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.
134 Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
135 name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
136 exported with the event.
138 Firmware files are looked up in:
139 /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
140 /lib/firmware/updates
141 /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
145 ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
146 ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.
152 The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
153 installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
154 libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
157 Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
158 the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
159 cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
160 After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
161 future events, all others get cleaned up.
163 To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
164 Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.
166 The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
167 no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
168 accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.
170 Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
171 incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.
173 To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
174 build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
176 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
178 The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
179 udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
180 they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.
186 The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
187 repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
188 package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
189 util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
190 can not be used with udev.
192 Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
193 to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
194 installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
195 match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
196 This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
197 users over to directly use libudev.
198 Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
199 eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
200 interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
203 A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
204 is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
205 startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
206 services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
207 format will fail to work correctly.
209 DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
210 need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
217 The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
218 provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
219 the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
220 upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
227 "udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
228 instead of waiting for "all" events.
234 The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
235 during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
236 rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
237 event handling the watch is restored.
243 Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
244 If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
245 /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.
251 The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
252 are always updated with a test run now.
254 The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
255 and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
256 lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
262 We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
263 and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
264 device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
265 we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
267 disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
268 LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
269 bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
271 Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
272 to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
273 compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
274 various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
276 In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
277 of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
278 which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
279 session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
280 and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
281 A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
282 access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
283 to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
284 any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
286 /dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
287 which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
288 devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
289 USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
290 name in the by-id/ directory.
291 Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
292 and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
293 specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
294 USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
296 To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
297 version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
298 supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
299 reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
300 the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
306 Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
313 The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
317 Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
318 block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
319 and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
320 this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
321 it should be disabled in the kernel config.
323 Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
324 are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
325 create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
327 The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
328 contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
329 new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
330 a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
333 The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
334 rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
335 modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
336 modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
337 Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
338 udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
340 Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
341 stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
342 and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
343 will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
344 mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
345 file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
346 in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
347 to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
348 This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
349 it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
350 the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
351 volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
356 Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
357 compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
361 Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
363 The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
364 array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
365 featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
366 Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
367 other keys per rule are gone.
369 The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
370 a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
371 for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
372 assignment with NAME:="<value>".
374 All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
375 is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
376 may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
378 Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
379 optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
385 Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
386 /sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
387 kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
388 /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
389 and the device node of the same device by looking up:
390 /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
394 Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
395 file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
398 Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
399 Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
400 so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
402 More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
405 udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
406 for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
407 --retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
413 The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
414 the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
415 option which is not affected.
417 The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
418 these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
424 Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
425 reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
426 Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
429 The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
430 some deprecated functions are removed.
432 A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
433 to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
434 need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
436 The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
437 expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
442 We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
445 "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
447 "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
451 "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
452 multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
454 compile-in verbose debug messages
456 disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
458 link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
461 In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
462 of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
463 distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
465 No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
466 they should be provided by the package.
472 Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
473 be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
474 the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
476 /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
477 /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
478 /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
479 It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
482 To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
483 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
486 In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
487 the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
488 format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
493 Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
499 Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
500 nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
506 The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
509 The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
510 SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
511 data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
512 we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
518 The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
519 detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
520 media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
521 udev (and the kernel).
527 The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
529 The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
530 udevtest are no longer created.
532 The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
535 Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
536 should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
547 Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
548 a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
554 All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
555 The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
556 Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
557 the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
558 only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
560 Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
561 udevadm in the list of files.
571 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
572 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
573 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
574 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
575 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
576 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
577 in etc/udev/packages/.
583 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
584 actions by dynamically created rules.
586 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
587 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
588 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
590 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
591 program and not record as a failed event.
597 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
603 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
604 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
605 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
606 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
607 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
609 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
610 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
611 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
613 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
614 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
620 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
621 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
622 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
623 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
624 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
626 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
627 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
633 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
643 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
644 from the udev package.
650 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
651 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
652 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
653 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
654 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
655 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
656 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
659 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
660 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
662 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
663 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
664 the devices we are looking for.
666 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
667 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
668 the same SCSI identifiers.
670 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
671 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
672 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
673 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
674 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
675 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
676 that run programs only for the matching events.
686 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
687 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
688 included in the match.
690 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
698 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
699 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
700 storage area of their music players.
704 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
708 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
709 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
710 action that crashes the box.
712 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
713 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
714 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
715 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
716 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
718 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
719 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
724 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
730 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
731 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
733 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
734 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
735 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
738 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
739 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
740 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
741 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
742 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
744 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
745 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
751 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
752 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
753 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
754 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
755 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
757 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
758 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
759 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
760 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
761 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
764 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
765 event device. Instead of:
766 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
768 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
770 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
772 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
774 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
775 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
776 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
777 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
778 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
779 no longer carry this property of a parent and
780 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
781 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
782 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
783 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
784 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
785 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
786 in most cases it will be empty.
788 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
789 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
790 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
791 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
792 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
793 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
794 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
796 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
797 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
798 no database file was created by udev.
800 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
801 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
802 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
806 Bugfixes and small improvements.
810 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
816 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
817 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
821 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
825 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
826 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
834 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
835 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
836 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
837 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
838 fix possibly broken rules.
842 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
843 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
844 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
845 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
849 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
850 also skipped optical IDE drives.
852 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
854 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
855 packaging process and not at build time.
857 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
858 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
859 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
860 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
861 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
865 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
866 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
868 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
869 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
870 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
872 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
873 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
877 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
879 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
883 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
884 events for the same device.
888 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
890 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
895 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
896 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
897 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
898 received the event for.
900 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
905 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
907 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
908 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
909 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
910 the end of the program name to prevent this.
911 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
912 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
913 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
917 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
918 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
919 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
920 included in a package.
922 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
923 the ignore rule was applied.
925 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
926 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
927 should be requested by their subsytem.
929 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
931 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
932 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
934 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
935 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
936 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
937 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
938 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
941 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
942 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
943 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
944 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
945 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
946 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
947 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
948 for changed parent chains.
952 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
953 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
955 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
956 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
958 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
959 to make %b simpler and working again.
963 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
964 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
965 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
966 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
967 change. They will be fixed immediately.
969 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
970 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
971 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
972 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
973 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
975 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
976 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
977 the sysfs "modalias" value.
979 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
983 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
985 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
986 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
988 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
989 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
993 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
994 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
995 mentioned on the hotplug list:
996 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
999 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
1003 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
1004 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
1005 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
1009 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
1010 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
1011 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
1012 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
1013 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
1014 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
1016 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
1017 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
1019 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
1020 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
1021 still private to udev and can change at any time.
1023 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
1024 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
1025 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
1026 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
1028 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
1029 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
1030 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
1033 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
1034 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
1035 before starting the daemon.
1039 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
1042 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
1043 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
1047 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
1048 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
1050 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
1051 without any queuing now.
1055 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
1056 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
1057 version of udev anymore.
1061 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
1062 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
1063 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
1064 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
1065 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
1067 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
1068 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
1069 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
1070 device removal and the udev database will not work.
1072 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
1075 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
1079 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
1081 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
1082 non-writable /tmp directory.
1084 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
1085 let's see who can break this again. :)
1087 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
1088 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
1089 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
1090 versions will _not_ create these devices!
1094 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
1099 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
1100 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
1101 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
1102 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
1103 export it to the filesystem.
1107 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
1108 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
1113 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
1114 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
1115 available while we try to run external programs.
1116 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
1120 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
1121 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
1122 grab it from here. :)
1126 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
1128 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
1129 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
1130 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
1134 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
1136 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
1138 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
1139 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
1144 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
1148 Mostly a Bugfix release.
1150 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
1151 timing with custom rules.
1155 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
1156 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
1158 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
1159 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
1160 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
1162 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
1170 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
1171 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
1172 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
1173 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
1175 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
1176 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
1177 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
1179 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
1180 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
1181 bypass the driver core.
1183 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
1184 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
1185 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
1186 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
1187 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
1188 from a rule if needed:
1189 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
1190 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
1191 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
1192 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
1193 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
1194 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
1196 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
1197 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
1198 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
1199 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
1201 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
1202 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
1203 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
1205 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
1206 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
1207 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
1208 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
1209 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
1211 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
1212 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
1213 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
1214 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
1217 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
1218 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
1219 to export the probed data in environment key format:
1220 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
1221 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
1222 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
1223 ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA
1225 The following rules:
1226 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
1227 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
1230 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
1233 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
1234 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
1236 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
1237 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
1238 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
1240 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
1241 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
1242 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
1243 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
1245 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
1246 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
1247 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
1250 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
1251 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
1252 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
1253 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
1254 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
1255 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
1257 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
1258 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
1259 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
1260 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
1264 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
1265 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
1269 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
1270 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
1271 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
1275 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
1276 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
1278 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
1279 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
1280 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
1281 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
1283 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
1284 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
1285 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
1287 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
1288 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
1290 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
1291 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
1292 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
1293 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
1294 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
1295 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
1296 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
1301 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
1302 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
1303 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
1307 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
1309 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
1310 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
1312 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
1313 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
1315 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
1316 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
1317 character class negations like:
1318 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
1319 this can now be replaced with:
1321 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
1322 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
1324 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
1327 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
1328 with every forked event.
~ianmdlvl / elogind.git / blob