7 Install systemd service files if applicable.
13 All distribution specific rules are removed from the udev source tree,
14 most of them are no longer needed. The Gentoo rules which allow to support
15 older kernel versions, which are not covered by the default rules anymore
16 has moved to rules/misc/30-kernel-compat.rules.
22 The option --debug-trace and the environemnt variable UDEVD_MAX_CHILDS=
23 was removed from udevd.
25 Udevd now checks the kernel commandline for the following variables:
26 udev.log-priority=<syslog priority>
27 udev.children-max=<maximum number of workers>
28 udev.exec-delay=<seconds to delay the execution of RUN=>
29 to help debuging coldplug setups where the loading of a kernel
30 module crashes the system.
32 The subdirectory in the source tree rules/packages has been renamed to
33 rules/arch, anc contains only architecture specific rules now.
43 Now the udev daemon itself, does on startup:
44 - copy the content of /lib/udev/devices to /dev
45 - create the standard symlinks like /dev/std{in,out,err},
46 /dev/core, /dev/fd, ...
47 - use static node information provided by kernel modules
48 and creates these nodes to allow module on-demand loading
49 - possibly apply permissions to all ststic nodes from udev
50 rules which are annotated to match a static node
52 The default mode for a device node is 0600 now to match the kernel
53 created devtmpfs defaults. If GROUP= is specified and no MODE= is
54 given the default will be 0660.
60 Udev now gradually starts to pass control over the primary device nodes
61 and their names to the kernel, and will in the end only manage the
62 permissions of the node, and possibly create additional symlinks.
63 As a first step NAME="" will be ignored, and NAME= setings with names
64 other than the kernel provided name will result in a logged warning.
65 Kernels that don't provide device names, or devtmpfs is not used, will
66 still work as they did before, but it is strongly recommended to use
67 only the same names for the primary device node as the recent kernel
68 provides for all devices.
72 Fix broken firmware loader search path.
78 "udevadm trigger" defaults to "change" events now instead of "add"
79 events. The "udev boot script" might need to add "--action=add" to
80 the trigger command if not already there, in case the initial coldplug
81 events are expected as "add" events.
83 The option "all_partitons" was removed from udev. This should not be
84 needed for usual hardware. Udev can not safely make assumptions
85 about non-existing partition major/minor numbers, and therefore no
86 longer provide this unreliable and unsafe option.
88 The option "ignore_remove" was removed from udev. With devtmpfs
89 udev passed control over device nodes to the kernel. This option
90 should not be needed, or can not work as advertised. Neither
91 udev nor the kernel will remove device nodes which are copied from
92 the /lib/udev/devices/ directory.
94 All "add|change" matches are replaced by "!remove" in the rules and
95 in the udev logic. All types of events will update possible symlinks
96 and permissions, only "remove" is handled special now.
98 The modem modeswitch extra was removed and the external usb_modeswitch
99 program should be used instead.
101 New and fixed keymaps.
111 Kernels with SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y are not supported since a while. Many users
112 depend on the current sysfs layout and the information not available in the
113 deprecated layout. All remaining support for the deprecated sysfs layout is
118 Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.
124 The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
125 ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
126 It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
127 inconsistent behavior in current setups.
129 BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
130 ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
133 The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
134 default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
135 need to add the rules to the compat rules file.
137 The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
138 set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
139 determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
140 can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
141 checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
142 ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".
148 To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
149 private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
150 private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
151 Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
152 is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
155 Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
156 only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
157 This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.
159 NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
160 It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
163 Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
164 if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
165 be added to the compat rules file.
167 Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
168 the udevadm commands.
170 The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
173 The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
174 things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
175 that something needs to be fixed properly instead.
177 The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
178 G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
179 is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
180 information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.
186 The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
187 a while by "--type=failed" is removed.
189 The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
190 option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
191 default is not to track any failing RUN executions.
193 New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.
197 Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
198 changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.
204 Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
205 name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
206 exported with the event.
208 Firmware files are looked up in:
209 /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
210 /lib/firmware/updates
211 /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
215 ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
216 ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.
222 The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
223 installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
224 libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
227 Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
228 the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
229 cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
230 After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
231 future events, all others get cleaned up.
233 To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
234 Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.
236 The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
237 no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
238 accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.
240 Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
241 incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.
243 To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
244 build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
246 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
248 The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
249 udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
250 they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.
256 The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
257 repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
258 package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
259 util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
260 can not be used with udev.
262 Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
263 to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
264 installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
265 match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
266 This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
267 users over to directly use libudev.
268 Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
269 eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
270 interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
273 A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
274 is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
275 startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
276 services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
277 format will fail to work correctly.
279 DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
280 need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
287 The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
288 provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
289 the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
290 upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
297 "udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
298 instead of waiting for "all" events.
304 The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
305 during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
306 rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
307 event handling the watch is restored.
313 Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
314 If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
315 /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.
321 The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
322 are always updated with a test run now.
324 The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
325 and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
326 lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
332 We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
333 and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
334 device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
335 we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
337 disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
338 LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
339 bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
341 Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
342 to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
343 compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
344 various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
346 In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
347 of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
348 which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
349 session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
350 and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
351 A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
352 access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
353 to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
354 any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
356 /dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
357 which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
358 devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
359 USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
360 name in the by-id/ directory.
361 Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
362 and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
363 specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
364 USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
366 To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
367 version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
368 supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
369 reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
370 the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
376 Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
383 The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
387 Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
388 block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
389 and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
390 this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
391 it should be disabled in the kernel config.
393 Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
394 are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
395 create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
397 The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
398 contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
399 new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
400 a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
403 The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
404 rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
405 modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
406 modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
407 Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
408 udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
410 Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
411 stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
412 and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
413 will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
414 mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
415 file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
416 in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
417 to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
418 This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
419 it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
420 the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
421 volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
426 Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
427 compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
431 Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
433 The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
434 array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
435 featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
436 Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
437 other keys per rule are gone.
439 The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
440 a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
441 for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
442 assignment with NAME:="<value>".
444 All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
445 is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
446 may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
448 Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
449 optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
455 Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
456 /sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
457 kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
458 /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
459 and the device node of the same device by looking up:
460 /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
464 Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
465 file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
468 Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
469 Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
470 so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
472 More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
475 udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
476 for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
477 --retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
483 The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
484 the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
485 option which is not affected.
487 The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
488 these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
494 Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
495 reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
496 Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
499 The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
500 some deprecated functions are removed.
502 A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
503 to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
504 need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
506 The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
507 expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
512 We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
515 "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
517 "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
521 "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
522 multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
524 compile-in verbose debug messages
526 disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
528 link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
531 In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
532 of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
533 distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
535 No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
536 they should be provided by the package.
542 Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
543 be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
544 the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
546 /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
547 /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
548 /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
549 It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
552 To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
553 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
556 In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
557 the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
558 format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
563 Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
569 Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
570 nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
576 The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
579 The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
580 SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
581 data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
582 we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
588 The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
589 detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
590 media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
591 udev (and the kernel).
597 The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
599 The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
600 udevtest are no longer created.
602 The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
605 Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
606 should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
617 Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
618 a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
624 All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
625 The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
626 Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
627 the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
628 only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
630 Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
631 udevadm in the list of files.
641 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
642 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
643 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
644 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
645 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
646 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
647 in etc/udev/packages/.
653 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
654 actions by dynamically created rules.
656 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
657 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
658 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
660 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
661 program and not record as a failed event.
667 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
673 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
674 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
675 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
676 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
677 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
679 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
680 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
681 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
683 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
684 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
690 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
691 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
692 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
693 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
694 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
696 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
697 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
703 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
713 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
714 from the udev package.
720 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
721 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
722 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
723 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
724 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
725 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
726 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
729 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
730 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
732 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
733 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
734 the devices we are looking for.
736 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
737 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
738 the same SCSI identifiers.
740 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
741 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
742 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
743 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
744 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
745 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
746 that run programs only for the matching events.
756 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
757 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
758 included in the match.
760 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
768 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
769 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
770 storage area of their music players.
774 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
778 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
779 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
780 action that crashes the box.
782 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
783 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
784 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
785 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
786 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
788 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
789 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
794 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
800 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
801 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
803 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
804 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
805 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
808 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
809 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
810 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
811 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
812 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
814 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
815 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
821 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
822 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
823 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
824 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
825 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
827 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
828 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
829 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
830 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
831 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
834 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
835 event device. Instead of:
836 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
838 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
840 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
842 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
844 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
845 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
846 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
847 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
848 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
849 no longer carry this property of a parent and
850 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
851 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
852 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
853 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
854 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
855 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
856 in most cases it will be empty.
858 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
859 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
860 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
861 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
862 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
863 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
864 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
866 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
867 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
868 no database file was created by udev.
870 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
871 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
872 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
876 Bugfixes and small improvements.
880 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
886 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
887 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
891 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
895 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
896 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
904 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
905 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
906 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
907 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
908 fix possibly broken rules.
912 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
913 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
914 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
915 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
919 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
920 also skipped optical IDE drives.
922 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
924 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
925 packaging process and not at build time.
927 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
928 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
929 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
930 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
931 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
935 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
936 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
938 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
939 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
940 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
942 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
943 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
947 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
949 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
953 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
954 events for the same device.
958 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
960 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
965 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
966 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
967 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
968 received the event for.
970 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
975 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
977 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
978 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
979 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
980 the end of the program name to prevent this.
981 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
982 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
983 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
987 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
988 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
989 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
990 included in a package.
992 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
993 the ignore rule was applied.
995 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
996 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
997 should be requested by their subsytem.
999 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
1001 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
1002 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
1004 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
1005 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
1006 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
1007 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
1008 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
1011 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
1012 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
1013 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
1014 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
1015 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
1016 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
1017 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
1018 for changed parent chains.
1022 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
1023 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
1025 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
1026 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
1028 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
1029 to make %b simpler and working again.
1033 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
1034 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
1035 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
1036 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
1037 change. They will be fixed immediately.
1039 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
1040 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
1041 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
1042 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
1043 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
1045 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
1046 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
1047 the sysfs "modalias" value.
1049 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
1053 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
1055 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
1056 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
1058 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
1059 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
1063 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
1064 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
1065 mentioned on the hotplug list:
1066 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
1069 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
1073 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
1074 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
1075 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
1079 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
1080 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
1081 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
1082 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
1083 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
1084 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
1086 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
1087 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
1089 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
1090 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
1091 still private to udev and can change at any time.
1093 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
1094 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
1095 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
1096 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
1098 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
1099 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
1100 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
1103 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
1104 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
1105 before starting the daemon.
1109 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
1112 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
1113 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
1117 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
1118 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
1120 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
1121 without any queuing now.
1125 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
1126 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
1127 version of udev anymore.
1131 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
1132 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
1133 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
1134 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
1135 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
1137 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
1138 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
1139 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
1140 device removal and the udev database will not work.
1142 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
1145 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
1149 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
1151 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
1152 non-writable /tmp directory.
1154 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
1155 let's see who can break this again. :)
1157 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
1158 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
1159 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
1160 versions will _not_ create these devices!
1164 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
1169 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
1170 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
1171 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
1172 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
1173 export it to the filesystem.
1177 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
1178 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
1183 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
1184 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
1185 available while we try to run external programs.
1186 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
1190 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
1191 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
1192 grab it from here. :)
1196 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
1198 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
1199 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
1200 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
1204 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
1206 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
1208 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
1209 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
1214 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
1218 Mostly a Bugfix release.
1220 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
1221 timing with custom rules.
1225 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
1226 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
1228 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
1229 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
1230 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
1232 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
1240 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
1241 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
1242 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
1243 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
1245 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
1246 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
1247 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
1249 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
1250 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
1251 bypass the driver core.
1253 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
1254 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
1255 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
1256 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
1257 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
1258 from a rule if needed:
1259 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
1260 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
1261 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
1262 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
1263 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
1264 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
1266 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
1267 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
1268 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
1269 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
1271 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
1272 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
1273 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
1275 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
1276 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
1277 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
1278 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
1279 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
1281 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
1282 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
1283 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
1284 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
1287 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
1288 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
1289 to export the probed data in environment key format:
1290 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
1291 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
1292 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
1293 ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA
1295 The following rules:
1296 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
1297 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
1300 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
1303 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
1304 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
1306 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
1307 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
1308 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
1310 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
1311 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
1312 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
1313 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
1315 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
1316 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
1317 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
1320 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
1321 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
1322 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
1323 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
1324 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
1325 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
1327 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
1328 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
1329 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
1330 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
1334 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
1335 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
1339 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
1340 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
1341 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
1345 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
1346 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
1348 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
1349 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
1350 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
1351 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
1353 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
1354 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
1355 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
1357 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
1358 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
1360 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
1361 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
1362 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
1363 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
1364 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
1365 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
1366 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
1371 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
1372 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
1373 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
1377 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
1379 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
1380 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
1382 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
1383 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
1385 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
1386 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
1387 character class negations like:
1388 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
1389 this can now be replaced with:
1391 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
1392 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
1394 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
1397 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
1398 with every forked event.