locale-util: mark special_glyph() as _const_

_const_ means that the caller can assume that the function will return the same
result every time (and will not modify global memory). special_glyph() meets
this: even though it depends on global memory, that part of global memory is
not expected to change. This allows the calls to special_glyph() to be
optimized, even if -flto is not used.