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diff --git a/man/journald.conf.xml b/man/journald.conf.xml
index 0b9de65fe..5cd09a217 100644
--- a/man/journald.conf.xml
+++ b/man/journald.conf.xml
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@
Description
- This files configures various parameters of the
- systemd journal service
+ This file configures various parameters of the
+ systemd journal service,
systemd-journald.service8.
@@ -77,13 +77,13 @@
persistent,
auto and
none. If
- volatile journal
+ volatile, journal
log data will be stored only in
memory, i.e. below the
/run/log/journal
hierarchy (which is created if
needed). If
- persistent data will
+ persistent, data will
be stored preferably on disk,
i.e. below the
/var/log/journal
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
Compress=Takes a boolean
- value. If enabled (the default) data
+ value. If enabled (the default), data
objects that shall be stored in the
journal and are larger than a certain
threshold are compressed with the XZ
@@ -125,14 +125,20 @@
Seal=Takes a boolean
- value. If enabled (the default) and a
+ value. If enabled (the default), and a
sealing key is available (as created
by
journalctl1's
- command), forward secure sealing (FSS) for
- all persistent journal files is
- enabled.
+ command), Forward Secure Sealing (FSS)
+ for all persistent journal files is
+ enabled. FSS is based on Seekable
+ Sequential Key Generators by
+ G. A. Marson and B. Poettering
+ (doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40203-6_7)
+ and may be used to protect journal files
+ from unnoticed alteration.
@@ -143,23 +149,23 @@
of login,
uid and
none. If
- login each logged
- in user will get his own journal
+ login, each logged-in
+ user will get his own journal
files, but systemd user IDs will log
into the system journal. If
- uid any user ID
+ uid, any user ID
will get his own journal files
- regardless whether it belongs to a
+ regardless of whether it belongs to a
system service or refers to a real
logged in user. If
- none journal files
- are not split up per-user and all
- messages are stored in the single
+ none, journal files
+ are not split up by user and all
+ messages are instead stored in the single
system journal. Note that splitting
- up journal files per-user is only
- available of journals are stored
+ up journal files by user is only
+ available for journals stored
persistently. If journals are stored
- on volatile storage (see above) only a
+ on volatile storage (see above), only a
single journal file for all user IDs
is kept. Defaults to
login.
@@ -171,21 +177,21 @@
Configures the rate
limiting that is applied to all
- messages generated on the system. If
+ messages generated on the system. If,
in the time interval defined by
- RateLimitInterval=
+ RateLimitInterval=,
more messages than specified in
RateLimitBurst= are
- logged by a service all further
+ logged by a service, all further
messages within the interval are
- dropped, until the interval is over. A
+ dropped until the interval is over. A
message about the number of dropped
messages is generated. This rate
limiting is applied per-service, so
that two services which log do not
interfere with each other's
- limits. Defaults to 200 messages in
- 10s. The time specification for
+ limits. Defaults to 1000 messages in
+ 30s. The time specification for
RateLimitInterval=
may be specified in the following
units: s,
@@ -221,34 +227,58 @@
/run/log/journal. The
former is used only when
/var is mounted,
- writable and the directory
+ writable, and the directory
/var/log/journal
- exists. Otherwise only the latter
+ exists. Otherwise, only the latter
applies. Note that this means that
during early boot and if the
administrator disabled persistent
- logging only the latter options apply,
+ logging, only the latter options apply,
while the former apply if persistent
logging is enabled and the system is
fully booted
- up. SystemMaxUse=
+ up. journalctl and
+ systemd-journald
+ ignore all files with names not ending
+ with .journal or
+ .journal~, so only
+ such files, located in the appropriate
+ directories, are taken into account
+ when calculating current disk usage.
+
+
+ SystemMaxUse=
and RuntimeMaxUse=
control how much disk space the
- journal may use up at
- maximum. Defaults to 10% of the size
- of the respective file
- system. SystemKeepFree=
- and
+ journal may use up at maximum.
+ SystemKeepFree= and
RuntimeKeepFree=
- control how much disk space the
- journal shall always leave free for
- other uses if less than the disk space
- configured in
- SystemMaxUse= and
- RuntimeMaxUse= is
- available. Defaults to 5% of the size
- of the respective file
- system. SystemMaxFileSize=
+ control how much disk space
+ systemd-journald shall leave free for
+ other uses.
+ systemd-journald
+ will respect both limits and use the
+ smaller of the two values.
+
+ The first pair defaults to 10%
+ and the second to 15% of the size of
+ the respective file system. If the
+ file system is nearly full and either
+ SystemKeepFree= or
+ RuntimeKeepFree= is
+ violated when systemd-journald is
+ started, the value will be raised to
+ percentage that is actually free. This
+ means that if there was enough
+ free space before and journal files were
+ created, and subsequently something
+ else causes the file system to fill
+ up, journald will stop using more
+ space, but it will not be removing
+ existing files to go reduce footprint
+ either.
+
+ SystemMaxFileSize=
and
RuntimeMaxFileSize=
control how large individual journal
@@ -263,12 +293,13 @@
that usually seven rotated journal
files are kept as history. Specify
values in bytes or use K, M, G, T, P,
- E as units for the specified
- sizes. Note that size limits are
- enforced synchronously to journal
- files as they are extended, and need
- no explicit rotation step triggered by
- time.
+ E as units for the specified sizes
+ (equal to 1024, 1024²,... bytes).
+ Note that size limits are enforced
+ synchronously when journal files are
+ extended, and no explicit rotation
+ step triggered by time is
+ needed.
@@ -276,23 +307,26 @@
The maximum time to
store entries in a single journal
- file, before rotating to the next
- one. Normally time-based rotation
+ file before rotating to the next
+ one. Normally, time-based rotation
should not be required as size-based
rotation with options such as
SystemMaxFileSize=
should be sufficient to ensure that
- journal files don't grow without
+ journal files do not grow without
bounds. However, to ensure that not
too much data is lost at once when old
- journal files are deleted it might
+ journal files are deleted, it might
make sense to change this value from
the default of one month. Set to 0 to
turn off this feature. This setting
takes time values which may be
- suffixed with the units year, month,
- week, day, h, m to override the
- default time unit of
+ suffixed with the units
+ year,
+ month,
+ week, day,
+ h or m
+ to override the default time unit of
seconds.
@@ -304,31 +338,42 @@
controls whether journal files
containing entries older then the
specified time span are
- deleted. Normally time-based deletion
+ deleted. Normally, time-based deletion
of old journal files should not be
required as size-based deletion with
options such as
SystemMaxUse=
should be sufficient to ensure that
- journal files don't grow without
+ journal files do not grow without
bounds. However, to enforce data
- retention policies it might make sense
+ retention policies, it might make sense
to change this value from the
default of 0 (which turns off this
feature). This setting also takes
time values which may be suffixed with
- the units year, month, week, day, h, m
+ the units year,
+ month,
+ week, day,
+ h or m
to override the default time unit of
- seconds.
+ seconds.
SyncIntervalSec=
- The timeout before syncing journal
- data to disk. After syncing journal files have
- OFFLINE state. Default timeout is 5 minutes.
+ The timeout before
+ synchronizing journal files to
+ disk. After syncing, journal files are
+ placed in the OFFLINE state. Note that
+ syncing is unconditionally done
+ immediately after a log message of
+ priority CRIT, ALERT or EMERG has been
+ logged. This setting hence applies
+ only to messages of the levels ERR,
+ WARNING, NOTICE, INFO, DEBUG. The
+ default timeout is 5 minutes.
@@ -336,25 +381,32 @@
ForwardToSyslog=ForwardToKMsg=ForwardToConsole=
+ ForwardToWall=Control whether log
messages received by the journal
daemon shall be forwarded to a
traditional syslog daemon, to the
- kernel log buffer (kmsg), or to the
- system console. These options take
- boolean arguments. If forwarding to
- syslog is enabled but no syslog daemon
- is running the respective option has
- no effect. By default only forwarding
- to syslog is enabled. These settings
- may be overridden at boot time with
- the kernel command line options
+ kernel log buffer (kmsg), to the
+ system console, or sent as wall
+ messages to all logged-in users. These
+ options take boolean arguments. If
+ forwarding to syslog is enabled but no
+ syslog daemon is running, the
+ respective option has no effect. By
+ default, only forwarding to syslog and
+ wall is enabled. These settings may be
+ overridden at boot time with the
+ kernel command line options
systemd.journald.forward_to_syslog=,
- systemd.journald.forward_to_kmsg=
+ systemd.journald.forward_to_kmsg=,
+ systemd.journald.forward_to_console=
and
- systemd.journald.forward_to_console=.
-
+ systemd.journald.forward_to_wall=.
+ When forwarding to the console, the
+ TTY to log to can be changed
+ with TTYPath=,
+ described below.
@@ -362,12 +414,14 @@
MaxLevelSyslog=MaxLevelKMsg=MaxLevelConsole=
+ MaxLevelWall=Controls the maximum
log level of messages that are stored
- on disk, forwarded to syslog, kmsg or
- the console (if that is enabled, see
- above). As argument, takes one of
+ on disk, forwarded to syslog, kmsg,
+ the console or wall (if that is
+ enabled, see above). As argument,
+ takes one of
emerg,
alert,
crit,
@@ -388,9 +442,11 @@
written to disk and forwarded to
syslog. Defaults to
notice for
- MaxLevelKMsg= and
+ MaxLevelKMsg=,
info for
- MaxLevelConsole=.
+ MaxLevelConsole= and
+ emerg for
+ MaxLevelWall=.