#include "log.h"
#include "build.h"
#include "pager.h"
+#include "xml.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
#include "sd-bus.h"
#include "bus-message.h"
#include "bus-internal.h"
#include "bus-util.h"
#include "bus-dump.h"
+#include "bus-signature.h"
+#include "bus-type.h"
+#include "busctl-introspect.h"
static bool arg_no_pager = false;
static bool arg_legend = true;
static BusTransport arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL;
static char *arg_host = NULL;
static bool arg_user = false;
+static size_t arg_snaplen = 4096;
+static bool arg_list = false;
+static bool arg_quiet = false;
+static bool arg_verbose = false;
+static bool arg_expect_reply = true;
+static bool arg_auto_start = true;
+static bool arg_allow_interactive_authorization = true;
+static bool arg_augment_creds = true;
+static usec_t arg_timeout = 0;
static void pager_open_if_enabled(void) {
pager_open(false);
}
+#define NAME_IS_ACQUIRED INT_TO_PTR(1)
+#define NAME_IS_ACTIVATABLE INT_TO_PTR(2)
+
static int list_bus_names(sd_bus *bus, char **argv) {
_cleanup_strv_free_ char **acquired = NULL, **activatable = NULL;
_cleanup_free_ char **merged = NULL;
assert(bus);
+ if (!arg_unique && !arg_acquired && !arg_activatable)
+ arg_unique = arg_acquired = arg_activatable = true;
+
r = sd_bus_list_names(bus, (arg_acquired || arg_unique) ? &acquired : NULL, arg_activatable ? &activatable : NULL);
if (r < 0) {
log_error("Failed to list names: %s", strerror(-r));
pager_open_if_enabled();
- names = hashmap_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
+ names = hashmap_new(&string_hash_ops);
if (!names)
return log_oom();
STRV_FOREACH(i, acquired) {
max_i = MAX(max_i, strlen(*i));
- r = hashmap_put(names, *i, INT_TO_PTR(1));
+ r = hashmap_put(names, *i, NAME_IS_ACQUIRED);
if (r < 0) {
log_error("Failed to add to hashmap: %s", strerror(-r));
return r;
STRV_FOREACH(i, activatable) {
max_i = MAX(max_i, strlen(*i));
- r = hashmap_put(names, *i, INT_TO_PTR(2));
+ r = hashmap_put(names, *i, NAME_IS_ACTIVATABLE);
if (r < 0 && r != -EEXIST) {
log_error("Failed to add to hashmap: %s", strerror(-r));
return r;
if (arg_legend) {
printf("%-*s %*s %-*s %-*s %-*s %-*s %-*s %-*s",
- (int) max_i, "NAME", 10, "PID", 15, "PROCESS", 16, "USER", 13, "CONNECTION", 25, "UNIT", 10, "SESSION", 19, "CONNECTION-NAME");
+ (int) max_i, "NAME", 10, "PID", 15, "PROCESS", 16, "USER", 13, "CONNECTION", 25, "UNIT", 10, "SESSION", 19, "DESCRIPTION");
if (arg_show_machine)
puts(" MACHINE");
_cleanup_bus_creds_unref_ sd_bus_creds *creds = NULL;
sd_id128_t mid;
- if (hashmap_get(names, *i) == INT_TO_PTR(2)) {
+ if (hashmap_get(names, *i) == NAME_IS_ACTIVATABLE) {
/* Activatable */
printf("%-*s", (int) max_i, *i);
printf("%-*s", (int) max_i, *i);
- r = sd_bus_get_owner(bus, *i,
- SD_BUS_CREDS_UID|SD_BUS_CREDS_PID|SD_BUS_CREDS_COMM|
- SD_BUS_CREDS_UNIQUE_NAME|SD_BUS_CREDS_UNIT|SD_BUS_CREDS_SESSION|
- SD_BUS_CREDS_CONNECTION_NAME, &creds);
+ r = sd_bus_get_name_creds(
+ bus, *i,
+ (arg_augment_creds ? SD_BUS_CREDS_AUGMENT : 0) |
+ SD_BUS_CREDS_UID|SD_BUS_CREDS_PID|SD_BUS_CREDS_COMM|
+ SD_BUS_CREDS_UNIQUE_NAME|SD_BUS_CREDS_UNIT|SD_BUS_CREDS_SESSION|
+ SD_BUS_CREDS_DESCRIPTION, &creds);
if (r >= 0) {
const char *unique, *session, *unit, *cn;
pid_t pid;
else
fputs(" - ", stdout);
- r = sd_bus_creds_get_connection_name(creds, &cn);
+ r = sd_bus_creds_get_description(creds, &cn);
if (r >= 0)
printf(" %-19s", cn);
else
printf(" - - - - - - - ");
if (arg_show_machine) {
- r = sd_bus_get_owner_machine_id(bus, *i, &mid);
+ r = sd_bus_get_name_machine_id(bus, *i, &mid);
if (r >= 0) {
char m[SD_ID128_STRING_MAX];
printf(" %s\n", sd_id128_to_string(mid, m));
} else
puts(" -");
} else
- putchar('\n');
+ putchar('\n');
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void print_subtree(const char *prefix, const char *path, char **l) {
+ const char *vertical, *space;
+ char **n;
+
+ /* We assume the list is sorted. Let's first skip over the
+ * entry we are looking at. */
+ for (;;) {
+ if (!*l)
+ return;
+
+ if (!streq(*l, path))
+ break;
+
+ l++;
+ }
+
+ vertical = strappenda(prefix, draw_special_char(DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL));
+ space = strappenda(prefix, draw_special_char(DRAW_TREE_SPACE));
+
+ for (;;) {
+ bool has_more = false;
+
+ if (!*l || !path_startswith(*l, path))
+ break;
+
+ n = l + 1;
+ for (;;) {
+ if (!*n || !path_startswith(*n, path))
+ break;
+
+ if (!path_startswith(*n, *l)) {
+ has_more = true;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ n++;
+ }
+
+ printf("%s%s%s\n", prefix, draw_special_char(has_more ? DRAW_TREE_BRANCH : DRAW_TREE_RIGHT), *l);
+
+ print_subtree(has_more ? vertical : space, *l, l);
+ l = n;
+ }
+}
+
+static void print_tree(const char *prefix, char **l) {
+
+ pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+ prefix = strempty(prefix);
+
+ if (arg_list) {
+ char **i;
+
+ STRV_FOREACH(i, l)
+ printf("%s%s\n", prefix, *i);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (strv_isempty(l)) {
+ printf("No objects discovered.\n");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (streq(l[0], "/") && !l[1]) {
+ printf("Only root object discovered.\n");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ print_subtree(prefix, "/", l);
+}
+
+static int on_path(const char *path, void *userdata) {
+ Set *paths = userdata;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(paths);
+
+ r = set_put_strdup(paths, path);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int find_nodes(sd_bus *bus, const char *service, const char *path, Set *paths, bool many) {
+ static const XMLIntrospectOps ops = {
+ .on_path = on_path,
+ };
+
+ _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+ _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+ const char *xml;
+ int r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_call_method(bus, service, path, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable", "Introspect", &error, &reply, "");
+ if (r < 0) {
+ if (many)
+ printf("Failed to introspect object %s of service %s: %s\n", path, service, bus_error_message(&error, r));
+ else
+ log_error("Failed to introspect object %s of service %s: %s", path, service, bus_error_message(&error, r));
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &xml);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+ return parse_xml_introspect(path, xml, &ops, paths);
+}
+
+static int tree_one(sd_bus *bus, const char *service, const char *prefix, bool many) {
+ _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *paths = NULL, *done = NULL, *failed = NULL;
+ _cleanup_free_ char **l = NULL;
+ char *m;
+ int r;
+
+ paths = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
+ if (!paths)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
+ if (!done)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ failed = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
+ if (!failed)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ m = strdup("/");
+ if (!m)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = set_put(paths, m);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ free(m);
+ return log_oom();
+ }
+
+ for (;;) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+ int q;
+
+ p = set_steal_first(paths);
+ if (!p)
+ break;
+
+ if (set_contains(done, p) ||
+ set_contains(failed, p))
+ continue;
+
+ q = find_nodes(bus, service, p, paths, many);
+ if (q < 0) {
+ if (r >= 0)
+ r = q;
+
+ q = set_put(failed, p);
+ } else
+ q = set_put(done, p);
+
+ if (q < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ assert(q != 0);
+ p = NULL;
+ }
+
+ pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+ l = set_get_strv(done);
+ if (!l)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ strv_sort(l);
+ print_tree(prefix, l);
+
+ fflush(stdout);
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+static int tree(sd_bus *bus, char **argv) {
+ char **i;
+ int r = 0;
+
+ if (!arg_unique && !arg_acquired)
+ arg_acquired = true;
+
+ if (strv_length(argv) <= 1) {
+ _cleanup_strv_free_ char **names = NULL;
+ bool not_first = false;
+
+ r = sd_bus_list_names(bus, &names, NULL);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to get name list: %s", strerror(-r));
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+ STRV_FOREACH(i, names) {
+ int q;
+
+ if (!arg_unique && (*i)[0] == ':')
+ continue;
+
+ if (!arg_acquired && (*i)[0] == ':')
+ continue;
+
+ if (not_first)
+ printf("\n");
+
+ printf("Service %s%s%s:\n", ansi_highlight(), *i, ansi_highlight_off());
+
+ q = tree_one(bus, *i, NULL, true);
+ if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+ r = q;
+
+ not_first = true;
+ }
+ } else {
+ STRV_FOREACH(i, argv+1) {
+ int q;
+
+ if (i > argv+1)
+ printf("\n");
+
+ if (argv[2]) {
+ pager_open_if_enabled();
+ printf("Service %s%s%s:\n", ansi_highlight(), *i, ansi_highlight_off());
+ }
+
+ q = tree_one(bus, *i, NULL, !!argv[2]);
+ if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+ r = q;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+static int format_cmdline(sd_bus_message *m, FILE *f, bool needs_space) {
+ int r;
+
+ for (;;) {
+ const char *contents = NULL;
+ char type;
+ union {
+ uint8_t u8;
+ uint16_t u16;
+ int16_t s16;
+ uint32_t u32;
+ int32_t s32;
+ uint64_t u64;
+ int64_t s64;
+ double d64;
+ const char *string;
+ int i;
+ } basic;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_peek_type(m, &type, &contents);
+ if (r <= 0)
+ return r;
+
+ if (bus_type_is_container(type) > 0) {
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, type, contents);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY) {
+ unsigned n = 0;
+
+ /* count array entries */
+ for (;;) {
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_skip(m, contents);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ if (r == 0)
+ break;
+
+ n++;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_rewind(m, false);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ if (needs_space)
+ fputc(' ', f);
+
+ fprintf(f, "%u", n);
+ } else if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT) {
+
+ if (needs_space)
+ fputc(' ', f);
+
+ fprintf(f, "%s", contents);
+ }
+
+ r = format_cmdline(m, f, true);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(m, type, &basic);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ if (needs_space)
+ fputc(' ', f);
+
+ switch (type) {
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_BYTE:
+ fprintf(f, "%u", basic.u8);
+ break;
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
+ fputs(true_false(basic.i), f);
+ break;
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT16:
+ fprintf(f, "%i", basic.s16);
+ break;
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT16:
+ fprintf(f, "%u", basic.u16);
+ break;
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32:
+ fprintf(f, "%i", basic.s32);
+ break;
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32:
+ fprintf(f, "%u", basic.u32);
+ break;
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT64:
+ fprintf(f, "%" PRIi64, basic.s64);
+ break;
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64:
+ fprintf(f, "%" PRIu64, basic.u64);
+ break;
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+ fprintf(f, "%g", basic.d64);
+ break;
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING:
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH:
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE: {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *b = NULL;
+
+ b = cescape(basic.string);
+ if (!b)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ fprintf(f, "\"%s\"", b);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD:
+ fprintf(f, "%i", basic.i);
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ assert_not_reached("Unknown basic type.");
+ }
+
+ }
+}
+
+typedef struct Member {
+ const char *type;
+ char *interface;
+ char *name;
+ char *signature;
+ char *result;
+ char *value;
+ bool writable;
+ uint64_t flags;
+} Member;
+
+static unsigned long member_hash_func(const void *p, const uint8_t hash_key[]) {
+ const Member *m = p;
+ unsigned long ul;
+
+ assert(m);
+ assert(m->type);
+
+ ul = string_hash_func(m->type, hash_key);
+
+ if (m->name)
+ ul ^= string_hash_func(m->name, hash_key);
+
+ if (m->interface)
+ ul ^= string_hash_func(m->interface, hash_key);
+
+ return ul;
+}
+
+static int member_compare_func(const void *a, const void *b) {
+ const Member *x = a, *y = b;
+ int d;
+
+ assert(x);
+ assert(y);
+ assert(x->type);
+ assert(y->type);
+
+ if (!x->interface && y->interface)
+ return -1;
+ if (x->interface && !y->interface)
+ return 1;
+ if (x->interface && y->interface) {
+ d = strcmp(x->interface, y->interface);
+ if (d != 0)
+ return d;
+ }
+
+ d = strcmp(x->type, y->type);
+ if (d != 0)
+ return d;
+
+ if (!x->name && y->name)
+ return -1;
+ if (x->name && !y->name)
+ return 1;
+ if (x->name && y->name)
+ return strcmp(x->name, y->name);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int member_compare_funcp(const void *a, const void *b) {
+ const Member *const * x = (const Member *const *) a, * const *y = (const Member *const *) b;
+
+ return member_compare_func(*x, *y);
+}
+
+static void member_free(Member *m) {
+ if (!m)
+ return;
+
+ free(m->interface);
+ free(m->name);
+ free(m->signature);
+ free(m->result);
+ free(m->value);
+ free(m);
+}
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(Member*, member_free);
+
+static void member_set_free(Set *s) {
+ Member *m;
+
+ while ((m = set_steal_first(s)))
+ member_free(m);
+
+ set_free(s);
+}
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(Set*, member_set_free);
+
+static int on_interface(const char *interface, uint64_t flags, void *userdata) {
+ _cleanup_(member_freep) Member *m;
+ Set *members = userdata;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(interface);
+ assert(members);
+
+ m = new0(Member, 1);
+ if (!m)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ m->type = "interface";
+ m->flags = flags;
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&m->interface, interface);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = set_put(members, m);
+ if (r <= 0) {
+ log_error("Duplicate interface");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ m = NULL;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int on_method(const char *interface, const char *name, const char *signature, const char *result, uint64_t flags, void *userdata) {
+ _cleanup_(member_freep) Member *m;
+ Set *members = userdata;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(interface);
+ assert(name);
+
+ m = new0(Member, 1);
+ if (!m)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ m->type = "method";
+ m->flags = flags;
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&m->interface, interface);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&m->name, name);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&m->signature, signature);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&m->result, result);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = set_put(members, m);
+ if (r <= 0) {
+ log_error("Duplicate method");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ m = NULL;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int on_signal(const char *interface, const char *name, const char *signature, uint64_t flags, void *userdata) {
+ _cleanup_(member_freep) Member *m;
+ Set *members = userdata;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(interface);
+ assert(name);
+
+ m = new0(Member, 1);
+ if (!m)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ m->type = "signal";
+ m->flags = flags;
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&m->interface, interface);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&m->name, name);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&m->signature, signature);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = set_put(members, m);
+ if (r <= 0) {
+ log_error("Duplicate signal");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ m = NULL;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int on_property(const char *interface, const char *name, const char *signature, bool writable, uint64_t flags, void *userdata) {
+ _cleanup_(member_freep) Member *m;
+ Set *members = userdata;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(interface);
+ assert(name);
+
+ m = new0(Member, 1);
+ if (!m)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ m->type = "property";
+ m->flags = flags;
+ m->writable = writable;
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&m->interface, interface);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&m->name, name);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&m->signature, signature);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = set_put(members, m);
+ if (r <= 0) {
+ log_error("Duplicate property");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ m = NULL;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *strdash(const char *x) {
+ return isempty(x) ? "-" : x;
+}
+
+static int introspect(sd_bus *bus, char **argv) {
+ static const struct hash_ops member_hash_ops = {
+ .hash = member_hash_func,
+ .compare = member_compare_func,
+ };
+
+ static const XMLIntrospectOps ops = {
+ .on_interface = on_interface,
+ .on_method = on_method,
+ .on_signal = on_signal,
+ .on_property = on_property,
+ };
+
+ _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+ _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+ _cleanup_(member_set_freep) Set *members = NULL;
+ Iterator i;
+ Member *m;
+ const char *xml;
+ int r;
+ unsigned name_width, type_width, signature_width, result_width;
+ Member **sorted = NULL;
+ unsigned k = 0, j;
+
+ if (strv_length(argv) != 3) {
+ log_error("Requires service and object path argument.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ members = set_new(&member_hash_ops);
+ if (!members)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = sd_bus_call_method(bus, argv[1], argv[2], "org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable", "Introspect", &error, &reply, "");
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to introspect object %s of service %s: %s", argv[2], argv[1], bus_error_message(&error, r));
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &xml);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+ /* First, get list of all properties */
+ r = parse_xml_introspect(argv[2], xml, &ops, members);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ /* Second, find the current values for them */
+ SET_FOREACH(m, members, i) {
+
+ if (!streq(m->type, "property"))
+ continue;
+
+ if (m->value)
+ continue;
+
+ r = sd_bus_call_method(bus, argv[1], argv[2], "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties", "GetAll", &error, &reply, "s", m->interface);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("%s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'a', "{sv}");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+ for (;;) {
+ Member *z;
+ _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
+ _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *mf = NULL;
+ size_t sz = 0;
+ const char *name;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'e', "sv");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+ if (r == 0)
+ break;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &name);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'v', NULL);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+ mf = open_memstream(&buf, &sz);
+ if (!mf)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = format_cmdline(reply, mf, false);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+ fclose(mf);
+ mf = NULL;
+
+ z = set_get(members, &((Member) {
+ .type = "property",
+ .interface = m->interface,
+ .name = (char*) name }));
+ if (z) {
+ free(z->value);
+ z->value = buf;
+ buf = NULL;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+ }
+
+ pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+ name_width = strlen("NAME");
+ type_width = strlen("TYPE");
+ signature_width = strlen("SIGNATURE");
+ result_width = strlen("RESULT/VALUE");
+
+ sorted = newa(Member*, set_size(members));
+
+ SET_FOREACH(m, members, i) {
+ if (m->interface)
+ name_width = MAX(name_width, strlen(m->interface));
+ if (m->name)
+ name_width = MAX(name_width, strlen(m->name) + 1);
+ if (m->type)
+ type_width = MAX(type_width, strlen(m->type));
+ if (m->signature)
+ signature_width = MAX(signature_width, strlen(m->signature));
+ if (m->result)
+ result_width = MAX(result_width, strlen(m->result));
+ if (m->value)
+ result_width = MAX(result_width, strlen(m->value));
+
+ sorted[k++] = m;
+ }
+
+ if (result_width > 40)
+ result_width = 40;
+
+ assert(k == set_size(members));
+ qsort(sorted, k, sizeof(Member*), member_compare_funcp);
+
+ if (arg_legend) {
+ printf("%-*s %-*s %-*s %-*s %s\n",
+ (int) name_width, "NAME",
+ (int) type_width, "TYPE",
+ (int) signature_width, "SIGNATURE",
+ (int) result_width, "RESULT/VALUE",
+ "FLAGS");
+ }
+
+ for (j = 0; j < k; j++) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *ellipsized = NULL;
+ const char *rv;
+ bool is_interface;
+
+ m = sorted[j];
+
+ is_interface = streq(m->type, "interface");
+
+ if (m->value) {
+ ellipsized = ellipsize(m->value, result_width, 100);
+ if (!ellipsized)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ rv = ellipsized;
+ } else
+ rv = strdash(m->result);
+
+ printf("%s%s%-*s%s %-*s %-*s %-*s%s%s%s%s%s%s\n",
+ is_interface ? ansi_highlight() : "",
+ is_interface ? "" : ".",
+ - !is_interface + (int) name_width, strdash(streq_ptr(m->type, "interface") ? m->interface : m->name),
+ is_interface ? ansi_highlight_off() : "",
+ (int) type_width, strdash(m->type),
+ (int) signature_width, strdash(m->signature),
+ (int) result_width, rv,
+ (m->flags & SD_BUS_VTABLE_DEPRECATED) ? " deprecated" : (m->flags || m->writable ? "" : " -"),
+ (m->flags & SD_BUS_VTABLE_METHOD_NO_REPLY) ? " no-reply" : "",
+ (m->flags & SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST) ? " const" : "",
+ (m->flags & SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_EMITS_CHANGE) ? " emits-change" : "",
+ (m->flags & SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_EMITS_INVALIDATION) ? " emits-invalidation" : "",
+ m->writable ? " writable" : "");
}
return 0;
}
-static int monitor(sd_bus *bus, char *argv[]) {
+static int message_dump(sd_bus_message *m, FILE *f) {
+ return bus_message_dump(m, f, BUS_MESSAGE_DUMP_WITH_HEADER);
+}
+
+static int message_pcap(sd_bus_message *m, FILE *f) {
+ return bus_message_pcap_frame(m, arg_snaplen, f);
+}
+
+static int monitor(sd_bus *bus, char *argv[], int (*dump)(sd_bus_message *m, FILE *f)) {
bool added_something = false;
char **i;
int r;
}
if (m) {
- bus_message_dump(m, stdout, true);
+ dump(m, stdout);
continue;
}
}
}
+static int capture(sd_bus *bus, char *argv[]) {
+ int r;
+
+ if (isatty(fileno(stdout)) > 0) {
+ log_error("Refusing to write message data to console, please redirect output to a file.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ bus_pcap_header(arg_snaplen, stdout);
+
+ r = monitor(bus, argv, message_pcap);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ if (ferror(stdout)) {
+ log_error("Couldn't write capture file.");
+ return -EIO;
+ }
+
+ return r;
+}
+
static int status(sd_bus *bus, char *argv[]) {
_cleanup_bus_creds_unref_ sd_bus_creds *creds = NULL;
pid_t pid;
assert(bus);
- if (strv_length(argv) != 2) {
- log_error("Expects one argument.");
+ if (strv_length(argv) > 2) {
+ log_error("Expects no or one argument.");
return -EINVAL;
}
- r = parse_pid(argv[1], &pid);
- if (r < 0)
- r = sd_bus_get_owner(bus, argv[1], _SD_BUS_CREDS_ALL, &creds);
- else
- r = sd_bus_creds_new_from_pid(&creds, pid, _SD_BUS_CREDS_ALL);
+ if (argv[1]) {
+ r = parse_pid(argv[1], &pid);
+ if (r < 0)
+ r = sd_bus_get_name_creds(
+ bus,
+ argv[1],
+ (arg_augment_creds ? SD_BUS_CREDS_AUGMENT : 0) | _SD_BUS_CREDS_ALL,
+ &creds);
+ else
+ r = sd_bus_creds_new_from_pid(
+ &creds,
+ pid,
+ _SD_BUS_CREDS_ALL);
+ } else
+ r = sd_bus_get_owner_creds(
+ bus,
+ (arg_augment_creds ? SD_BUS_CREDS_AUGMENT : 0) | _SD_BUS_CREDS_ALL,
+ &creds);
if (r < 0) {
log_error("Failed to get credentials: %s", strerror(-r));
return r;
}
- bus_creds_dump(creds, NULL);
+ bus_creds_dump(creds, NULL, false);
return 0;
}
-static int help(void) {
+static int message_append_cmdline(sd_bus_message *m, const char *signature, char ***x) {
+ char **p;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(m);
+ assert(signature);
+ assert(x);
+
+ p = *x;
+
+ for (;;) {
+ const char *v;
+ char t;
+
+ t = *signature;
+ v = *p;
+
+ if (t == 0)
+ break;
+ if (!v) {
+ log_error("Too few parameters for signature.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ signature++;
+ p++;
+
+ switch (t) {
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
+
+ r = parse_boolean(v);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse as boolean: %s", v);
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &r);
+ break;
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_BYTE: {
+ uint8_t z;
+
+ r = safe_atou8(v, &z);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse as byte (unsigned 8bit integer): %s", v);
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT16: {
+ int16_t z;
+
+ r = safe_atoi16(v, &z);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse as signed 16bit integer: %s", v);
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT16: {
+ uint16_t z;
+
+ r = safe_atou16(v, &z);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse as unsigned 16bit integer: %s", v);
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32: {
+ int32_t z;
+
+ r = safe_atoi32(v, &z);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse as signed 32bit integer: %s", v);
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32: {
+ uint32_t z;
+
+ r = safe_atou32(v, &z);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse as unsigned 32bit integer: %s", v);
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT64: {
+ int64_t z;
+
+ r = safe_atoi64(v, &z);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse as signed 64bit integer: %s", v);
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64: {
+ uint64_t z;
+
+ r = safe_atou64(v, &z);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse as unsigned 64bit integer: %s", v);
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
+ break;
+ }
+
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+ double z;
+
+ r = safe_atod(v, &z);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse as double precision floating point: %s", v);
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING:
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH:
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE:
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, v);
+ break;
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY: {
+ uint32_t n;
+ size_t k;
+
+ r = safe_atou32(v, &n);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse number of array entries: %s", v);
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = signature_element_length(signature, &k);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Invalid array signature.");
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ {
+ unsigned i;
+ char s[k + 1];
+ memcpy(s, signature, k);
+ s[k] = 0;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, s);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+ r = message_append_cmdline(m, s, &p);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+ }
+
+ signature += k;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT:
+ r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT, v);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ r = message_append_cmdline(m, v, &p);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+ break;
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN:
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY_BEGIN: {
+ size_t k;
+
+ signature--;
+ p--;
+
+ r = signature_element_length(signature, &k);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Invalid struct/dict entry signature.");
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ {
+ char s[k-1];
+ memcpy(s, signature + 1, k - 2);
+ s[k - 2] = 0;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, t == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN ? SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT : SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, s);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ r = message_append_cmdline(m, s, &p);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ signature += k;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ case SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD:
+ log_error("UNIX file descriptor not supported as type.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ default:
+ log_error("Unknown signature type %c.", t);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+ }
+
+ *x = p;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int call(sd_bus *bus, char *argv[]) {
+ _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+ _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(bus);
+
+ if (strv_length(argv) < 5) {
+ log_error("Expects at least four arguments.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(bus, &m, argv[1], argv[2], argv[3], argv[4]);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_set_expect_reply(m, arg_expect_reply);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_set_auto_start(m, arg_auto_start);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_set_allow_interactive_authorization(m, arg_allow_interactive_authorization);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ if (!isempty(argv[5])) {
+ char **p;
+
+ p = argv+6;
+
+ r = message_append_cmdline(m, argv[5], &p);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ if (*p) {
+ log_error("Too many parameters for signature.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (!arg_expect_reply) {
+ r = sd_bus_send(bus, m, NULL);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to send message.");
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, arg_timeout, &error, &reply);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("%s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_is_empty(reply);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+ if (r == 0 && !arg_quiet) {
+
+ if (arg_verbose) {
+ pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+ r = bus_message_dump(reply, stdout, 0);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ } else {
+
+ fputs(sd_bus_message_get_signature(reply, true), stdout);
+ fputc(' ', stdout);
+
+ r = format_cmdline(reply, stdout, false);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+ fputc('\n', stdout);
+ }
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_property(sd_bus *bus, char *argv[]) {
+ _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+ unsigned n;
+ char **i;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(bus);
+
+ n = strv_length(argv);
+ if (n < 5) {
+ log_error("Expects at least four arguments.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ STRV_FOREACH(i, argv + 4) {
+ _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+ const char *contents = NULL;
+ char type;
+
+ r = sd_bus_call_method(bus, argv[1], argv[2], "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties", "Get", &error, &reply, "ss", argv[3], *i);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("%s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_peek_type(reply, &type, &contents);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'v', contents);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+ if (arg_verbose) {
+ pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+ r = bus_message_dump(reply, stdout, BUS_MESSAGE_DUMP_SUBTREE_ONLY);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ } else {
+ fputs(contents, stdout);
+ fputc(' ', stdout);
+
+ r = format_cmdline(reply, stdout, false);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+ fputc('\n', stdout);
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int set_property(sd_bus *bus, char *argv[]) {
+ _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
+ _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+ unsigned n;
+ char **p;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(bus);
+
+ n = strv_length(argv);
+ if (n < 6) {
+ log_error("Expects at least five arguments.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(bus, &m, argv[1], argv[2], "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties", "Set");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "ss", argv[3], argv[4]);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'v', argv[5]);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ p = argv+6;
+ r = message_append_cmdline(m, argv[5], &p);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ if (*p) {
+ log_error("Too many parameters for signature.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, arg_timeout, &error, NULL);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("%s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int help(void) {
printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} ...\n\n"
"Introspect the bus.\n\n"
" -h --help Show this help\n"
" --unique Only show unique names\n"
" --acquired Only show acquired names\n"
" --activatable Only show activatable names\n"
- " --match=MATCH Only show matching messages\n\n"
+ " --match=MATCH Only show matching messages\n"
+ " --list Don't show tree, but simple object path list\n"
+ " --quiet Don't show method call reply\n"
+ " --verbose Show result values in long format\n"
+ " --expect-reply=BOOL Expect a method call reply\n"
+ " --auto-start=BOOL Auto-start destination service\n"
+ " --allow-interactive-authorization=BOOL\n"
+ " Allow interactive authorization for operation\n"
+ " --timeout=SECS Maximum time to wait for method call completion\n"
+ " --augment-creds=BOOL Extend credential data with data read from /proc/$PID\n\n"
"Commands:\n"
" list List bus names\n"
+ " status [SERVICE] Show bus service, process or bus owner credentials\n"
" monitor [SERVICE...] Show bus traffic\n"
- " status NAME Show name status\n"
- " help Show this help\n",
- program_invocation_short_name);
+ " capture [SERVICE...] Capture bus traffic as pcap\n"
+ " tree [SERVICE...] Show object tree of service\n"
+ " introspect SERVICE OBJECT\n"
+ " call SERVICE OBJECT INTERFACE METHOD [SIGNATURE [ARGUMENT...]]\n"
+ " Call a method\n"
+ " get-property SERVICE OBJECT INTERFACE PROPERTY...\n"
+ " Get property value\n"
+ " set-property SERVICE OBJECT INTERFACE PROPERTY SIGNATURE ARGUMENT...\n"
+ " Set property value\n"
+ " help Show this help\n"
+ , program_invocation_short_name);
return 0;
}
ARG_SHOW_MACHINE,
ARG_UNIQUE,
ARG_ACQUIRED,
- ARG_ACTIVATABLE
+ ARG_ACTIVATABLE,
+ ARG_SIZE,
+ ARG_LIST,
+ ARG_VERBOSE,
+ ARG_EXPECT_REPLY,
+ ARG_AUTO_START,
+ ARG_ALLOW_INTERACTIVE_AUTHORIZATION,
+ ARG_TIMEOUT,
+ ARG_AUGMENT_CREDS,
};
static const struct option options[] = {
{ "match", required_argument, NULL, ARG_MATCH },
{ "host", required_argument, NULL, 'H' },
{ "machine", required_argument, NULL, 'M' },
+ { "size", required_argument, NULL, ARG_SIZE },
+ { "list", no_argument, NULL, ARG_LIST },
+ { "quiet", no_argument, NULL, 'q' },
+ { "verbose", no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERBOSE },
+ { "expect-reply", required_argument, NULL, ARG_EXPECT_REPLY },
+ { "auto-start", required_argument, NULL, ARG_AUTO_START },
+ { "allow-interactive-authorization", required_argument, NULL, ARG_ALLOW_INTERACTIVE_AUTHORIZATION },
+ { "timeout", required_argument, NULL, ARG_TIMEOUT },
+ { "augment-creds",required_argument, NULL, ARG_AUGMENT_CREDS},
{},
};
- int c;
+ int c, r;
assert(argc >= 0);
assert(argv);
- while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hH:M:", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
+ while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hH:M:q", options, NULL)) >= 0)
switch (c) {
return log_oom();
break;
+ case ARG_SIZE: {
+ off_t o;
+
+ r = parse_size(optarg, 0, &o);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse size: %s", optarg);
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ if ((off_t) (size_t) o != o) {
+ log_error("Size out of range.");
+ return -E2BIG;
+ }
+
+ arg_snaplen = (size_t) o;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ case ARG_LIST:
+ arg_list = true;
+ break;
+
case 'H':
arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_REMOTE;
arg_host = optarg;
arg_host = optarg;
break;
+ case 'q':
+ arg_quiet = true;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_VERBOSE:
+ arg_verbose = true;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_EXPECT_REPLY:
+ r = parse_boolean(optarg);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse --expect-reply= parameter.");
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ arg_expect_reply = !!r;
+ break;
+
+
+ case ARG_AUTO_START:
+ r = parse_boolean(optarg);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse --auto-start= parameter.");
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ arg_auto_start = !!r;
+ break;
+
+
+ case ARG_ALLOW_INTERACTIVE_AUTHORIZATION:
+ r = parse_boolean(optarg);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse --allow-interactive-authorization= parameter.");
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ arg_allow_interactive_authorization = !!r;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_TIMEOUT:
+ r = parse_sec(optarg, &arg_timeout);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse --timeout= parameter.");
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_AUGMENT_CREDS:
+ r = parse_boolean(optarg);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse --augment-creds= parameter.");
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ arg_augment_creds = !!r;
+ break;
+
case '?':
return -EINVAL;
default:
assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
}
- }
-
- if (!arg_unique && !arg_acquired && !arg_activatable)
- arg_unique = arg_acquired = arg_activatable = true;
return 1;
}
return list_bus_names(bus, argv + optind);
if (streq(argv[optind], "monitor"))
- return monitor(bus, argv + optind);
+ return monitor(bus, argv + optind, message_dump);
+
+ if (streq(argv[optind], "capture"))
+ return capture(bus, argv + optind);
if (streq(argv[optind], "status"))
return status(bus, argv + optind);
+ if (streq(argv[optind], "tree"))
+ return tree(bus, argv + optind);
+
+ if (streq(argv[optind], "introspect"))
+ return introspect(bus, argv + optind);
+
+ if (streq(argv[optind], "call"))
+ return call(bus, argv + optind);
+
+ if (streq(argv[optind], "get-property"))
+ return get_property(bus, argv + optind);
+
+ if (streq(argv[optind], "set-property"))
+ return set_property(bus, argv + optind);
+
if (streq(argv[optind], "help"))
return help();
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
- _cleanup_bus_unref_ sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+ _cleanup_bus_close_unref_ sd_bus *bus = NULL;
int r;
log_parse_environment();
goto finish;
}
- if (streq_ptr(argv[optind], "monitor")) {
+ if (streq_ptr(argv[optind], "monitor") ||
+ streq_ptr(argv[optind], "capture")) {
r = sd_bus_set_monitor(bus, true);
if (r < 0) {
if (arg_address)
r = sd_bus_set_address(bus, arg_address);
else {
+ r = sd_bus_set_bus_client(bus, true);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to set bus client: %s", strerror(-r));
+ goto finish;
+ }
+
switch (arg_transport) {
case BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL:
goto finish;
}
- r = sd_bus_set_bus_client(bus, true);
- if (r < 0) {
- log_error("Failed to set bus client: %s", strerror(-r));
- goto finish;
- }
-
r = sd_bus_start(bus);
if (r < 0) {
log_error("Failed to connect to bus: %s", strerror(-r));