<refsynopsisdiv>
<cmdsynopsis>
- <command>journalctl <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="opt">MATCH</arg></command>
+ <command>journalctl <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">MATCHES</arg></command>
</cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
contents of the journal, starting with the oldest
entry collected.</para>
- <para>If a match argument is passed the output is
- filtered accordingly. A match is in the format
- <literal>FIELD=VALUE</literal>,
- e.g. <literal>_SYSTEMD_UNIT=httpd.service</literal>. See
+ <para>If one or more match arguments are passed the
+ output is filtered accordingly. A match is in the
+ format <literal>FIELD=VALUE</literal>,
+ e.g. <literal>_SYSTEMD_UNIT=httpd.service</literal>,
+ referring to the components of a structured journal
+ entry. See
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
- for a list of well-known fields.</para>
+ for a list of well-known fields. If multiple matches
+ are specified matching different fields the log
+ entries are filtered by both, i.e. the resulting output
+ will show only entries matching all the specified
+ matches of this kind. If two matches apply to the same
+ field, then they are automatically matched as
+ alternatives, i.e. the resulting output will show
+ entries matching any of the specified matches for the
+ same field. Finally, if the character
+ "<literal>+</literal>" appears as separate word on the
+ command line all matches before and after are combined
+ in a disjunction (i.e. logical OR).</para>
<para>Output is interleaved from all accessible
journal files, whether they are rotated or currently
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--no-pager</option></term>
- <listitem><para>Do not pipe output into a
- pager.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
+ <listitem><para>Do not pipe output into a
+ pager.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--all</option></term>
generated messages.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--this-boot</option></term>
+ <term><option>-b</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show data only from
+ current boot.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--directory=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-D</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes an absolute
+ directory path as argument. If
+ specified will operate on the
+ specified journal directory instead of
+ the default runtime and system journal
+ paths.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--new-id128</option></term>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+
+ <para>Without arguments all collected logs are shown
+ unfiltered:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>journalctl</programlisting>
+
+ <para>With one match specified all entries with a field matching the expression are shown:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service</programlisting>
+
+ <para>If two different fields are matched only entries matching both expressions at the same time are shown:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _PID=28097</programlisting>
+
+ <para>If two matches refer to the same field all entries matching either expression are shown:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _SYSTEMD_UNIT=dbus.service</programlisting>
+
+ <para>If the separator "<literal>+</literal>" is used
+ two expression may be combined in a logical OR. The
+ following will show all messages from the Avahi
+ service process with the PID 28097 plus all messages
+ from the D-Bus service (from any of its
+ processes):</para>
+
+ <programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _PID=28097 + _SYSTEMD_UNIT=dbus.service</programlisting>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
<refsect1>
<title>See Also</title>
<para>