use Dpkg::Version;
use POSIX;
use IPC::Open2;
+use Digest::SHA;
+use Config;
our $our_version = 'UNRELEASED'; ###substituted###
+our $rpushprotovsn = 2;
+
our $isuite = 'unstable';
our $idistro;
our $package;
our (@git) = qw(git);
our (@dget) = qw(dget);
+our (@curl) = qw(curl -f);
our (@dput) = qw(dput);
our (@debsign) = qw(debsign);
our (@gpg) = qw(gpg);
our (@mergechanges) = qw(mergechanges -f);
our (@changesopts) = ('');
-our %opts_opt_map = ('dget' => \@dget,
+our %opts_opt_map = ('dget' => \@dget, # accept for compatibility
+ 'curl' => \@curl,
'dput' => \@dput,
'debsign' => \@debsign,
'gpg' => \@gpg,
}
};
+our @signames = split / /, $Config{sig_name};
+
+sub waitstatusmsg () {
+ if (!$?) {
+ return "terminated, reporting successful completion";
+ } elsif (!($? & 255)) {
+ return "failed with error exit status ".WEXITSTATUS($?);
+ } elsif (WIFSIGNALED($?)) {
+ my $signum=WTERMSIG($?);
+ return "died due to fatal signal ".
+ ($signames[$signum] // "number $signum").
+ ($? & 128 ? " (core dumped)" : ""); # POSIX(3pm) has no WCOREDUMP
+ } else {
+ return "failed with unknown wait status ".$?;
+ }
+}
+
sub printdebug { print DEBUG $debugprefix, @_ or die $!; }
sub fail {
chdir $newdir or die "chdir: $newdir: $!";
}
+sub stat_exists ($) {
+ my ($f) = @_;
+ return 1 if stat $f;
+ return 0 if $!==&ENOENT;
+ die "stat $f: $!";
+}
+
#---------- remote protocol support, common ----------
# remote push initiator/responder protocol:
#
# > complete
+our $i_child_pid;
+
+sub i_child_report () {
+ # Sees if our child has died, and reap it if so. Returns a string
+ # describing how it died if it failed, or undef otherwise.
+ return undef unless $i_child_pid;
+ my $got = waitpid $i_child_pid, WNOHANG;
+ return undef if $got <= 0;
+ die unless $got == $i_child_pid;
+ $i_child_pid = undef;
+ return undef unless $?;
+ return "build host child ".waitstatusmsg();
+}
+
sub badproto ($$) {
my ($fh, $m) = @_;
fail "connection lost: $!" if $fh->error;
fail "protocol violation; $m not expected";
}
+sub badproto_badread ($$) {
+ my ($fh, $wh) = @_;
+ fail "connection lost: $!" if $!;
+ my $report = i_child_report();
+ fail $report if defined $report;
+ badproto $fh, "eof (reading $wh)";
+}
+
sub protocol_expect (&$) {
my ($match, $fh) = @_;
local $_;
$_ = <$fh>;
- defined && chomp or badproto $fh, "eof";
+ defined && chomp or badproto_badread $fh, "protocol message";
if (wantarray) {
my @r = &$match;
return @r if @r;
$nbytes =~ m/^[1-9]\d{0,5}$/ or badproto \*RO, "bad byte count";
my $d;
my $got = read $fh, $d, $nbytes;
- $got==$nbytes or badproto $fh, "eof during data block";
+ $got==$nbytes or badproto_badread $fh, "data block";
return $d;
}
my $r = $ua->get(@_) or die $!;
return undef if $r->code == 404;
$r->is_success or fail "failed to fetch $what: ".$r->status_line;
- return $r->decoded_content();
+ return $r->decoded_content(charset => 'none');
}
-our ($dscdata,$dscurl,$dsc,$skew_warning_vsn);
+our ($dscdata,$dscurl,$dsc,$dsc_checked,$skew_warning_vsn);
sub shellquote {
my @out;
{ local ($!); printcmd \*STDERR, "$us: failed command:", @_ or die $!; };
if ($!) {
fail "failed to fork/exec: $!";
- } elsif (!($? & 0xff)) {
- fail "subprocess failed with error exit status ".($?>>8);
} elsif ($?) {
- fail "subprocess crashed (wait status $?)";
+ fail "subprocess ".waitstatusmsg();
} else {
fail "subprocess produced invalid output";
}
'dgit-distro.debian.git-path' => '/git/dgit-repos/repos',
'dgit-distro.debian.git-check' => 'ssh-cmd',
'dgit-distro.debian.git-create' => 'ssh-cmd',
- 'dgit-distro.debian.sshpsql-host' => 'coccia.debian.org',
+ 'dgit-distro.debian.sshpsql-host' => 'mirror.ftp-master.debian.org',
'dgit-distro.debian.sshpsql-dbname' => 'service=projectb',
'dgit-distro.debian.upload-host' => 'ftp-master', # for dput
'dgit-distro.debian.mirror' => 'http://ftp.debian.org/debian/',
'dgit-distro.debian.backports-quirk' => '(squeeze)-backports*',
'dgit-distro.debian-backports.mirror' => 'http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports/',
+ 'dgit-distro.ubuntu.git-check' => 'false',
+ 'dgit-distro.ubuntu.mirror' => 'http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu',
'dgit-distro.test-dummy.ssh' => "$td/ssh",
'dgit-distro.test-dummy.username' => "alice",
'dgit-distro.test-dummy.git-check' => "ssh-cmd",
my $dv = $defcfg{$c};
return $dv if defined $dv;
}
- badcfg "need value for one of: @_";
+ badcfg "need value for one of: @_\n".
+ "$us: distro or suite appears not to be (properly) supported";
}
sub access_basedistro () {
- return cfg("dgit-suite.$isuite.distro",
- "dgit.default.distro");
+ if (defined $idistro) {
+ return cfg("dgit-distro.basedistro.distro",
+ "dgit-suite.$isuite.distro",
+ 'RETURN-UNDEF') // $idistro;
+ } else {
+ return cfg("dgit-suite.$isuite.distro",
+ "dgit.default.distro");
+ }
}
sub access_quirk () {
return "$url/$package.git";
}
-sub parsecontrolfh ($$@) {
- my ($fh, $desc, @opts) = @_;
- my %opts = ('name' => $desc, @opts);
- my $c = Dpkg::Control::Hash->new(%opts);
- $c->parse($fh) or die "parsing of $desc failed";
+sub parsecontrolfh ($$;$) {
+ my ($fh, $desc, $allowsigned) = @_;
+ our $dpkgcontrolhash_noissigned;
+ my $c;
+ for (;;) {
+ my %opts = ('name' => $desc);
+ $opts{allow_pgp}= $allowsigned || !$dpkgcontrolhash_noissigned;
+ $c = Dpkg::Control::Hash->new(%opts);
+ $c->parse($fh,$desc) or die "parsing of $desc failed";
+ last if $allowsigned;
+ last if $dpkgcontrolhash_noissigned;
+ my $issigned= $c->get_option('is_pgp_signed');
+ if (!defined $issigned) {
+ $dpkgcontrolhash_noissigned= 1;
+ seek $fh, 0,0 or die "seek $desc: $!";
+ } elsif ($issigned) {
+ fail "control file $desc is (already) PGP-signed. ".
+ " Note that dgit push needs to modify the .dsc and then".
+ " do the signature itself";
+ } else {
+ last;
+ }
+ }
return $c;
}
$5 eq 'source' or die "$rmad ?";
push @out, [$vsn,pool_dsc_subpath($vsn,$component),$newsuite];
}
- return sort { -version_compare_string($a->[0],$b->[0]); } @out;
+ return sort { -version_compare($a->[0],$b->[0]); } @out;
}
sub canonicalise_suite_madison ($$) {
my ($proto,$data) = @_;
sql_injection_check $isuite, $package;
my @rows = sshpsql($data, <<END);
- SELECT source.version, component.name, files.filename
+ SELECT source.version, component.name, files.filename, files.sha256sum
FROM source
JOIN src_associations ON source.id = src_associations.source
JOIN suite ON suite.id = src_associations.suite
AND source.source='$package'
AND files.filename LIKE '%.dsc';
END
- @rows = sort { -version_compare_string($a->[0],$b->[0]) } @rows;
+ @rows = sort { -version_compare($a->[0],$b->[0]) } @rows;
+ my $digester = Digest::SHA->new(256);
@rows = map {
- my ($vsn,$component,$filename) = @$_;
- [ $vsn, "/pool/$component/$filename" ];
+ my ($vsn,$component,$filename,$sha256sum) = @$_;
+ [ $vsn, "/pool/$component/$filename",$digester,$sha256sum ];
} @rows;
return @rows;
}
}
C->error and die "$dpath: $!";
close C;
- return sort { -version_compare_string($a->[0],$b->[0]); } @rows;
+ return sort { -version_compare($a->[0],$b->[0]); } @rows;
}
sub canonicalise_suite () {
canonicalise_suite();
my @vsns = archive_query('archive_query');
foreach my $vinfo (@vsns) {
- my ($vsn,$subpath) = @$vinfo;
+ my ($vsn,$subpath,$digester,$digest) = @$vinfo;
$dscurl = access_cfg('mirror').$subpath;
$dscdata = url_get($dscurl);
if (!$dscdata) {
$skew_warning_vsn = $vsn if !defined $skew_warning_vsn;
next;
}
+ if ($digester) {
+ $digester->reset();
+ $digester->add($dscdata);
+ my $got = $digester->hexdigest();
+ $got eq $digest or
+ fail "$dscurl has hash $got but".
+ " archive told us to expect $digest";
+ }
my $dscfh = new IO::File \$dscdata, '<' or die $!;
printdebug Dumper($dscdata) if $debug>1;
- $dsc = parsecontrolfh($dscfh,$dscurl, allow_pgp=>1);
+ $dsc = parsecontrolfh($dscfh,$dscurl,1);
printdebug Dumper($dsc) if $debug>1;
my $fmt = getfield $dsc, 'Format';
fail "unsupported source format $fmt, sorry" unless $format_ok{$fmt};
+ $dsc_checked = !!$digester;
return;
}
$dsc = undef;
return $r+0;
} elsif ($how eq 'true') {
return 1;
+ } elsif ($how eq 'false') {
+ return 0;
} else {
badcfg "unknown git-check \`$how'";
}
mkdir $ud or die $!;
}
+sub mktree_in_ud_here () {
+ runcmd qw(git init -q);
+ rmtree('.git/objects');
+ symlink '../../../../objects','.git/objects' or die $!;
+}
+
sub mktree_in_ud_from_only_subdir () {
# changes into the subdir
my (@dirs) = <*/.>;
$dirs[0] =~ m#^([^/]+)/\.$# or die;
my $dir = $1;
changedir $dir;
- fail "source package contains .git directory" if stat '.git';
- die $! unless $!==&ENOENT;
- runcmd qw(git init -q);
- rmtree('.git/objects');
- symlink '../../../../objects','.git/objects' or die $!;
+ fail "source package contains .git directory" if stat_exists '.git';
+ mktree_in_ud_here();
runcmd @git, qw(add -Af);
my $tree = cmdoutput @git, qw(write-tree);
$tree =~ m/^\w+$/ or die "$tree ?";
map { $_->{Filename} } dsc_files_info();
}
-sub is_orig_file ($) {
- local ($_) = @_;
- m/\.orig(?:-\w+)?\.tar\.\w+$/;
+sub is_orig_file ($;$) {
+ local ($_) = $_[0];
+ my $base = $_[1];
+ m/\.orig(?:-\w+)?\.tar\.\w+$/ or return 0;
+ defined $base or return 1;
+ return $` eq $base;
}
sub make_commit ($) {
sub generate_commit_from_dsc () {
prep_ud();
changedir $ud;
- my @files;
- foreach my $f (dsc_files()) {
+
+ foreach my $fi (dsc_files_info()) {
+ my $f = $fi->{Filename};
die "$f ?" if $f =~ m#/|^\.|\.dsc$|\.tmp$#;
- push @files, $f;
+
link "../../../$f", $f
or $!==&ENOENT
or die "$f $!";
+
+ complete_file_from_dsc('.', $fi);
+
+ if (is_orig_file($f)) {
+ link $f, "../../../../$f"
+ or $!==&EEXIST
+ or die "$f $!";
+ }
}
- runcmd @dget, qw(--), $dscurl;
- foreach my $f (grep { is_orig_file($_) } @files) {
- link $f, "../../../../$f"
- or $!==&EEXIST
- or die "$f $!";
- }
+
+ my $dscfn = "$package.dsc";
+
+ open D, ">", $dscfn or die "$dscfn: $!";
+ print D $dscdata or die "$dscfn: $!";
+ close D or die "$dscfn: $!";
+ my @cmd = qw(dpkg-source);
+ push @cmd, '--no-check' if $dsc_checked;
+ push @cmd, qw(-x --), $dscfn;
+ runcmd @cmd;
+
my ($tree,$dir) = mktree_in_ud_from_only_subdir();
runcmd qw(sh -ec), 'dpkg-parsechangelog >../changelog.tmp';
my $clogp = parsecontrol('../changelog.tmp',"commit's changelog");
my $oldclogp = parsecontrol('../changelogold.tmp','previous changelog');
my $oversion = getfield $oldclogp, 'Version';
my $vcmp =
- version_compare_string($oversion, $cversion);
+ version_compare($oversion, $cversion);
if ($vcmp < 0) {
# git upload/ is earlier vsn than archive, use archive
open C, ">../commit2.tmp" or die $!;
return $outputhash;
}
+sub complete_file_from_dsc ($$) {
+ our ($dstdir, $fi) = @_;
+ # Ensures that we have, in $dir, the file $fi, with the correct
+ # contents. (Downloading it from alongside $dscurl if necessary.)
+
+ my $f = $fi->{Filename};
+ my $tf = "$dstdir/$f";
+ my $downloaded = 0;
+
+ if (stat_exists $tf) {
+ progress "using existing $f";
+ } else {
+ my $furl = $dscurl;
+ $furl =~ s{/[^/]+$}{};
+ $furl .= "/$f";
+ die "$f ?" unless $f =~ m/^${package}_/;
+ die "$f ?" if $f =~ m#/#;
+ runcmd_ordryrun_local @curl,qw(-o),$tf,'--',"$furl";
+ next if !act_local();
+ $downloaded = 1;
+ }
+
+ open F, "<", "$tf" or die "$tf: $!";
+ $fi->{Digester}->reset();
+ $fi->{Digester}->addfile(*F);
+ F->error and die $!;
+ my $got = $fi->{Digester}->hexdigest();
+ $got eq $fi->{Hash} or
+ fail "file $f has hash $got but .dsc".
+ " demands hash $fi->{Hash} ".
+ ($downloaded ? "(got wrong file from archive!)"
+ : "(perhaps you should delete this file?)");
+}
+
sub ensure_we_have_orig () {
foreach my $fi (dsc_files_info()) {
my $f = $fi->{Filename};
next unless is_orig_file($f);
- if (open F, "<", "../$f") {
- $fi->{Digester}->reset();
- $fi->{Digester}->addfile(*F);
- F->error and die $!;
- my $got = $fi->{Digester}->hexdigest();
- $got eq $fi->{Hash} or
- fail "existing file $f has hash $got but .dsc".
- " demands hash $fi->{Hash}".
- " (perhaps you should delete this file?)";
- progress "using existing $f";
- next;
- } else {
- die "$f $!" unless $!==&ENOENT;
- }
- my $origurl = $dscurl;
- $origurl =~ s{/[^/]+$}{};
- $origurl .= "/$f";
- die "$f ?" unless $f =~ m/^${package}_/;
- die "$f ?" if $f =~ m#/#;
- runcmd_ordryrun_local shell_cmd 'cd ..', @dget,'--',$origurl;
+ complete_file_from_dsc('..', $fi);
}
}
my $gotclogp = parsechangelog("-l$clogf");
my $got_vsn = getfield $gotclogp, 'Version';
printdebug "SKEW CHECK GOT $got_vsn\n";
- if (version_compare_string($got_vsn, $skew_warning_vsn) < 0) {
+ if (version_compare($got_vsn, $skew_warning_vsn) < 0) {
print STDERR <<END or die $!;
Warning: archive skew detected. Using the available version:
progress "starting new git history";
}
fetch_from_archive() or no_such_package;
+ my $vcsgiturl = $dsc->{'Vcs-Git'};
+ if (length $vcsgiturl) {
+ runcmd @git, qw(remote add vcs-git), $vcsgiturl;
+ }
runcmd @git, qw(reset --hard), lrref();
printdone "ready for work in $dstdir";
}
}
}
+sub commit_admin ($) {
+ my ($m) = @_;
+ progress "$m";
+ runcmd_ordryrun_local @git, qw(commit -m), $m;
+}
+
sub commit_quilty_patch () {
my $output = cmdoutput @git, qw(status --porcelain);
my %adds;
return;
}
runcmd_ordryrun_local @git, qw(add), sort keys %adds;
- my $m = "Commit Debian 3.0 (quilt) metadata";
- progress "$m";
- runcmd_ordryrun_local @git, qw(commit -m), $m;
+ commit_admin "Commit Debian 3.0 (quilt) metadata";
+}
+
+sub get_source_format () {
+ if (!open F, "debian/source/format") {
+ die $! unless $!==&ENOENT;
+ return '';
+ }
+ $_ = <F>;
+ F->error and die $!;
+ chomp;
+ return $_;
}
sub madformat ($) {
printdebug "actually entering push\n";
prep_ud();
+ access_giturl(); # check that success is vaguely likely
+
my $clogpfn = ".git/dgit/changelog.822.tmp";
runcmd shell_cmd "exec >$clogpfn", qw(dpkg-parsechangelog);
push_parse_changelog("$clogpfn");
my $dscpath = "$buildproductsdir/$dscfn";
- stat $dscpath or
+ stat_exists $dscpath or
fail "looked for .dsc $dscfn, but $!;".
" maybe you forgot to build";
$dscpath =~ m#^/# ? $dscpath : "../../../$dscpath";
my ($tree,$dir) = mktree_in_ud_from_only_subdir();
changedir '../../../..';
- my @diffcmd = (@git, qw(diff --exit-code), $tree);
+ my $diffopt = $debug>0 ? '--exit-code' : '--quiet';
+ my @diffcmd = (@git, qw(diff), $diffopt, $tree);
printcmd \*DEBUG,$debugprefix."+",@diffcmd;
$!=0; $?=0;
- if (system @diffcmd) {
- if ($! && $?==256) {
+ my $r = system @diffcmd;
+ if ($r) {
+ if ($r==256) {
fail "$dscfn specifies a different tree to your HEAD commit;".
- " perhaps you forgot to build";
+ " perhaps you forgot to build".
+ ($diffopt eq '--exit-code' ? "" :
+ " (run with -D to see full diff output)");
} else {
failedcmd @diffcmd;
}
if (!$changesfile) {
my $multi = "$buildproductsdir/".
"${package}_".(stripepoch $cversion)."_multi.changes";
- if (stat "$multi") {
+ if (stat_exists "$multi") {
$changesfile = $multi;
} else {
- $!==&ENOENT or die "$multi: $!";
my $pat = "${package}_".(stripepoch $cversion)."_*.changes";
my @cs = glob "$buildproductsdir/$pat";
fail "failed to find unique changes file".
}
$dstdir ||= "$package";
+ if (stat_exists $dstdir) {
+ fail "$dstdir already exists";
+ }
+
my $cwd_remove;
if ($rmonerror && !$dryrun_level) {
$cwd_remove= getcwd();
#---------- remote commands' implementation ----------
-sub cmd_remote_push_responder {
+sub cmd_remote_push_build_host {
my ($nrargs) = shift @ARGV;
my (@rargs) = @ARGV[0..$nrargs-1];
@ARGV = @ARGV[$nrargs..$#ARGV];
die unless @rargs;
- my ($dir) = @rargs;
+ my ($dir,$vsnwant) = @rargs;
+ # vsnwant is a comma-separated list; we report which we have
+ # chosen in our ready response (so other end can tell if they
+ # offered several)
$debugprefix = ' ';
$we_are_responder = 1;
open STDOUT, ">&STDERR" or die $!;
autoflush STDOUT 1;
- responder_send_command("dgit-remote-push-ready");
+ $vsnwant //= 1;
+ fail "build host has dgit rpush protocol version".
+ " $rpushprotovsn but invocation host has $vsnwant"
+ unless grep { $rpushprotovsn eq $_ } split /,/, $vsnwant;
+
+ responder_send_command("dgit-remote-push-ready $rpushprotovsn");
changedir $dir;
&cmd_push;
}
+sub cmd_remote_push_responder { cmd_remote_push_build_host(); }
+# ... for compatibility with proto vsn.1 dgit (just so that user gets
+# a good error message)
+
our $i_tmp;
-our $i_child_pid;
sub i_cleanup {
- local ($@);
- if ($i_child_pid) {
- printdebug "(killing remote child $i_child_pid)\n";
+ local ($@, $?);
+ my $report = i_child_report();
+ if (defined $report) {
+ printdebug "($report)\n";
+ } elsif ($i_child_pid) {
+ printdebug "(killing build host child $i_child_pid)\n";
kill 15, $i_child_pid;
}
if (defined $i_tmp && !defined $initiator_tempdir) {
$dir = nextarg;
}
$dir =~ s{^-}{./-};
- my @rargs = ($dir);
+ my @rargs = ($dir,$rpushprotovsn);
my @rdgit;
push @rdgit, @dgit;
push @rdgit, @ropts;
- push @rdgit, qw(remote-push-responder), (scalar @rargs), @rargs;
+ push @rdgit, qw(remote-push-build-host), (scalar @rargs), @rargs;
push @rdgit, @ARGV;
my @cmd = (@ssh, $host, shellquote @rdgit);
printcmd \*DEBUG,$debugprefix."+",@cmd;
sub i_resp_complete {
my $pid = $i_child_pid;
$i_child_pid = undef; # prevents killing some other process with same pid
- printdebug "waiting for remote child $pid...\n";
+ printdebug "waiting for build host child $pid...\n";
my $got = waitpid $pid, 0;
die $! unless $got == $pid;
- die "remote child failed $?" if $?;
+ die "build host child failed $?" if $?;
i_cleanup();
printdebug "all done\n";
my ($keyword) = @_;
my $localname = i_method "i_localname", $keyword;
my $localpath = "$i_tmp/$localname";
- stat $localpath and badproto \*RO, "file $keyword ($localpath) twice";
+ stat_exists $localpath and
+ badproto \*RO, "file $keyword ($localpath) twice";
protocol_receive_file \*RO, $localpath;
i_method "i_file", $keyword;
}
our $fakeeditorenv = 'DGIT_FAKE_EDITOR_QUILT';
sub build_maybe_quilt_fixup () {
- if (!open F, "debian/source/format") {
- die $! unless $!==&ENOENT;
- return;
- }
- $_ = <F>;
- F->error and die $!;
- chomp;
- return unless madformat($_);
+ my $format=get_source_format;
+ return unless madformat $format;
# sigh
my @cmd = (@git, qw(ls-files --exclude-standard -iodm));
}
}
+sub cmd_clean () {
+ badusage "clean takes no additional arguments" if @ARGV;
+ clean_tree();
+}
+
sub build_prep () {
badusage "-p is not allowed when building" if defined $package;
check_not_dirty();
}
if (@vsns) {
@vsns = map { $_->[0] } @vsns;
- @vsns = sort { -version_compare_string($a, $b) } @vsns;
+ @vsns = sort { -version_compare($a, $b) } @vsns;
$changes_since_version = $vsns[0];
progress "changelog will contain changes since $vsns[0]";
} else {
changedir "..";
my $pat = "${package}_".(stripepoch $version)."_*.changes";
if (act_local()) {
- stat $dscfn or fail "$dscfn (in parent directory): $!";
- stat $sourcechanges or fail "$sourcechanges (in parent directory): $!";
+ stat_exist $dscfn or fail "$dscfn (in parent directory): $!";
+ stat_exists $sourcechanges
+ or fail "$sourcechanges (in parent directory): $!";
foreach my $cf (glob $pat) {
next if $cf eq $sourcechanges;
unlink $cf or fail "remove $cf: $!";
runcmd_ordryrun_local @mergechanges, @changesfiles;
my $multichanges = "${package}_".(stripepoch $version)."_multi.changes";
if (act_local()) {
- stat $multichanges or fail "$multichanges: $!";
+ stat_exists $multichanges or fail "$multichanges: $!";
}
printdone "build successful, results in $multichanges\n" or die $!;
}
quilt_fixup_editor();
}
-delete $ENV{'DGET_UNPACK'};
-
parseopts();
print STDERR "DRY RUN ONLY\n" if $dryrun_level > 1;
print STDERR "DAMP RUN - WILL MAKE LOCAL (UNSIGNED) CHANGES\n"
}
my $cmd = shift @ARGV;
$cmd =~ y/-/_/;
-{ no strict qw(refs); &{"cmd_$cmd"}(); }
+
+my $fn = ${*::}{"cmd_$cmd"};
+$fn or badusage "unknown operation $cmd";
+$fn->();