+
+/* mandatory access control(MAC) versions */
+int mkdir_safe_label(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid);
+int mkdir_parents_label(const char *path, mode_t mode);
+int mkdir_p_label(const char *path, mode_t mode);
+
+/* internally used */
+typedef int (*mkdir_func_t)(const char *pathname, mode_t mode);
+int mkdir_safe_internal(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mkdir_func_t _mkdir);
+int mkdir_parents_internal(const char *prefix, const char *path, mode_t mode, mkdir_func_t _mkdir);
+int mkdir_p_internal(const char *prefix, const char *path, mode_t mode, mkdir_func_t _mkdir);