1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
61 #include "exit-status.h"
64 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
66 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
77 usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) {
80 assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0);
82 return timespec_load(&ts);
85 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts) {
88 ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
89 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
94 usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) {
98 (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
99 (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
102 struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u) {
105 ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
106 ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC);
111 usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) {
115 (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
116 (usec_t) tv->tv_usec;
119 struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) {
122 tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
123 tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC);
128 bool endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
135 pl = strlen(postfix);
143 return memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) == 0;
146 bool startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
161 return memcmp(s, prefix, pl) == 0;
164 bool startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
180 for(i = 0; i < pl; ++i) {
181 if (tolower(s[i]) != tolower(prefix[i]))
188 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
203 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
207 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
210 int close_nointr(int fd) {
216 if ((r = close(fd)) >= 0)
224 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
225 int saved_errno = errno;
227 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
230 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
235 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
238 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
239 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
242 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
245 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on"))
247 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off"))
253 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
254 unsigned long ul = 0;
261 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
266 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
276 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
284 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
286 if (!x || *x || errno)
287 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
289 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
292 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
296 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
304 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
306 if (!x || *x || errno)
307 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
309 if ((long) (int) l != l)
316 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
318 unsigned long long l;
324 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
326 if (!x || *x || errno)
327 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
333 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
341 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
343 if (!x || *x || errno)
344 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
350 /* Split a string into words. */
351 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
354 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
356 if (!*current || *c == 0)
359 current += strspn(current, separator);
360 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
363 return (char*) current;
366 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
367 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
368 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
370 bool escaped = false;
372 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
374 if (!*current || *c == 0)
377 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
379 if (*current == '\'') {
382 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
392 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
393 } else if (*current == '\"') {
396 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
406 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
408 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
413 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
420 return (char*) current;
423 char **split_path_and_make_absolute(const char *p) {
427 if (!(l = strv_split(p, ":")))
430 if (!strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(l)) {
438 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
441 char fn[132], line[256], *p;
447 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
448 fn[sizeof(fn)-1] = 0;
450 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "r")))
453 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
461 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
462 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
463 * skip over it manually */
465 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
476 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
479 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
484 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) {
491 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "we")))
494 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
499 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
508 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
511 char t[LINE_MAX], *c;
516 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
519 if (!(fgets(t, sizeof(t), f))) {
524 if (!(c = strdup(t))) {
537 int read_full_file(const char *fn, char **contents) {
544 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
547 if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0) {
552 n = st.st_size > 0 ? st.st_size : LINE_MAX;
559 if (!(t = realloc(buf, n+1))) {
565 k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f);
580 if (n > 4*1024*1024) {
588 else if (!(buf = calloc(1, 1))) {
607 const char *separator, ...) {
615 if ((r = read_full_file(fname, &contents)) < 0)
620 const char *key = NULL;
622 p += strspn(p, separator);
623 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
628 if (!strchr(COMMENTS, *p)) {
632 va_start(ap, separator);
633 while ((key = va_arg(ap, char *))) {
637 value = va_arg(ap, char **);
640 if (strncmp(p, key, n) != 0 ||
645 n = strcspn(p, separator);
648 strchr(QUOTES, p[0]) &&
650 v = strndup(p+1, n-2);
661 /* return empty value strings as NULL */
678 p += strcspn(p, separator);
697 if (!(f = fopen(fname, "re")))
701 char l[LINE_MAX], *p, *u;
704 if (!fgets(l, sizeof(l), f)) {
717 if (strchr(COMMENTS, *p))
720 if (!(u = normalize_env_assignment(p))) {
721 log_error("Out of memory");
726 t = strv_append(m, u);
730 log_error("Out of memory");
753 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
756 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
760 int get_process_name(pid_t pid, char **name) {
767 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
770 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
780 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, char **line) {
788 assert(max_length > 0);
791 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
800 if (!(r = new(char, max_length))) {
807 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
829 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
837 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
844 if ((h = get_process_name(pid, &t)) < 0)
847 h = asprintf(&r, "[%s]", t);
858 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
866 return strndup(suffix, b);
876 if (!(r = new(char, a+b+1)))
880 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
886 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
887 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
890 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
900 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
903 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
909 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
920 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
927 if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
930 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
940 int parent_of_path(const char *path, char **_r) {
941 const char *e, *a = NULL, *b = NULL, *p;
951 for (e = path; *e; e++) {
953 if (!slash && *e == '/') {
957 } else if (slash && *e != '/')
972 r = strndup(path, p-path);
982 char *file_name_from_path(const char *p) {
987 if ((r = strrchr(p, '/')))
993 bool path_is_absolute(const char *p) {
999 bool is_path(const char *p) {
1001 return !!strchr(p, '/');
1004 char *path_make_absolute(const char *p, const char *prefix) {
1009 /* Makes every item in the list an absolute path by prepending
1010 * the prefix, if specified and necessary */
1012 if (path_is_absolute(p) || !prefix)
1015 if (asprintf(&r, "%s/%s", prefix, p) < 0)
1021 char *path_make_absolute_cwd(const char *p) {
1026 /* Similar to path_make_absolute(), but prefixes with the
1027 * current working directory. */
1029 if (path_is_absolute(p))
1032 if (!(cwd = get_current_dir_name()))
1035 r = path_make_absolute(p, cwd);
1041 char **strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(char **l) {
1044 /* Goes through every item in the string list and makes it
1045 * absolute. This works in place and won't rollback any
1046 * changes on failure. */
1048 STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
1051 if (!(t = path_make_absolute_cwd(*s)))
1061 char **strv_path_canonicalize(char **l) {
1064 bool enomem = false;
1066 if (strv_isempty(l))
1069 /* Goes through every item in the string list and canonicalize
1070 * the path. This works in place and won't rollback any
1071 * changes on failure. */
1073 STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
1076 t = path_make_absolute_cwd(*s);
1085 u = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1089 if (errno == ENOMEM || !errno)
1106 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1109 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1110 struct sigaction sa;
1112 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1116 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
1117 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1119 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1120 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1121 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1122 if (errno != EINVAL)
1129 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1132 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1133 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1135 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1137 for (e = s; *e; e++)
1138 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
1149 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1152 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1154 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1155 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1166 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1173 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1174 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1177 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1178 return strdup(filename);
1180 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1181 return strdup(filename);
1183 k = strlen(filename);
1184 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1187 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1188 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1193 int safe_mkdir(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
1196 if (label_mkdir(path, mode) >= 0)
1197 if (chmod_and_chown(path, mode, uid, gid) < 0)
1200 if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
1203 if ((st.st_mode & 0777) != mode ||
1206 !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
1215 int mkdir_parents(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
1220 /* Creates every parent directory in the path except the last
1223 p = path + strspn(path, "/");
1228 e = p + strcspn(p, "/");
1229 p = e + strspn(e, "/");
1231 /* Is this the last component? If so, then we're
1236 if (!(t = strndup(path, e - path)))
1239 r = label_mkdir(t, mode);
1242 if (r < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
1247 int mkdir_p(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
1252 if ((r = mkdir_parents(path, mode)) < 0)
1255 if (label_mkdir(path, mode) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
1261 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1270 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1271 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1277 /* Skip last component */
1278 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1281 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1282 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1288 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1291 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1300 if (errno != ENOENT)
1308 char hexchar(int x) {
1309 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1311 return table[x & 15];
1314 int unhexchar(char c) {
1316 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1319 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1320 return c - 'a' + 10;
1322 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1323 return c - 'A' + 10;
1328 char octchar(int x) {
1329 return '0' + (x & 7);
1332 int unoctchar(char c) {
1334 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1340 char decchar(int x) {
1341 return '0' + (x % 10);
1344 int undecchar(char c) {
1346 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1352 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1358 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1360 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1)))
1363 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1409 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1410 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1411 * g_strescape() does the same */
1412 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1414 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1415 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1416 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1427 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1433 /* Undoes C style string escaping */
1435 if (!(r = new(char, length+1)))
1438 for (f = s, t = r; f < s + length; f++) {
1481 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1486 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1489 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1490 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1491 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1495 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1510 /* octal encoding */
1513 if ((a = unoctchar(f[0])) < 0 ||
1514 (b = unoctchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1515 (c = unoctchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1516 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1520 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1528 /* premature end of string.*/
1533 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1545 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1546 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1549 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1553 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1554 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1557 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4+1)))
1560 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1562 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1563 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1566 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1567 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1577 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1583 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1584 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1586 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1)))
1589 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1591 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1592 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1593 !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1595 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1596 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1606 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1611 if (!(r = strdup(f)))
1614 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1619 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1620 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1621 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1624 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1636 char *path_kill_slashes(char *path) {
1640 /* Removes redundant inner and trailing slashes. Modifies the
1641 * passed string in-place.
1643 * ///foo///bar/ becomes /foo/bar
1646 for (f = path, t = path; *f; f++) {
1661 /* Special rule, if we are talking of the root directory, a
1662 trailing slash is good */
1664 if (t == path && slash)
1671 bool path_startswith(const char *path, const char *prefix) {
1675 if ((path[0] == '/') != (prefix[0] == '/'))
1681 path += strspn(path, "/");
1682 prefix += strspn(prefix, "/");
1690 a = strcspn(path, "/");
1691 b = strcspn(prefix, "/");
1696 if (memcmp(path, prefix, a) != 0)
1704 bool path_equal(const char *a, const char *b) {
1708 if ((a[0] == '/') != (b[0] == '/'))
1714 a += strspn(a, "/");
1715 b += strspn(b, "/");
1717 if (*a == 0 && *b == 0)
1720 if (*a == 0 || *b == 0)
1723 j = strcspn(a, "/");
1724 k = strcspn(b, "/");
1729 if (memcmp(a, b, j) != 0)
1737 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1742 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1743 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1744 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1749 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1753 filename[0] == '.' ||
1754 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1755 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1756 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1757 endswith(filename, "~") ||
1758 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1759 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1760 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1761 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1762 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1763 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1766 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1771 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1775 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1777 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1779 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1785 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1790 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1794 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1796 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1798 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1804 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1809 if (!(d = opendir("/proc/self/fd")))
1812 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1815 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1818 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1819 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1833 for (i = 0; i < n_except; i++)
1834 if (except[i] == fd) {
1843 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1844 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1845 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1854 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1857 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1858 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1865 char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1875 sec = (time_t) (t / USEC_PER_SEC);
1877 if (strftime(buf, l, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", localtime_r(&sec, &tm)) <= 0)
1883 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1886 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
1888 if (t <= 0 || t > n || t + USEC_PER_DAY*7 <= t)
1893 if (d >= USEC_PER_YEAR)
1894 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu years and %llu months ago",
1895 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_YEAR),
1896 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_YEAR) / USEC_PER_MONTH));
1897 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MONTH)
1898 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu months and %llu days ago",
1899 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MONTH),
1900 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MONTH) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1901 else if (d >= USEC_PER_WEEK)
1902 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago",
1903 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_WEEK),
1904 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_WEEK) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1905 else if (d >= 2*USEC_PER_DAY)
1906 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_DAY));
1907 else if (d >= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1908 snprintf(buf, l, "1 day and %lluh ago",
1909 (unsigned long long) ((d - USEC_PER_DAY) / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1910 else if (d >= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1911 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh ago",
1912 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1913 else if (d >= USEC_PER_HOUR)
1914 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh %llumin ago",
1915 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR),
1916 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_HOUR) / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1917 else if (d >= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1918 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin ago",
1919 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1920 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1921 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin %llus ago",
1922 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE),
1923 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MINUTE) / USEC_PER_SEC));
1924 else if (d >= USEC_PER_SEC)
1925 snprintf(buf, l, "%llus ago",
1926 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_SEC));
1927 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MSEC)
1928 snprintf(buf, l, "%llums ago",
1929 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MSEC));
1931 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluus ago",
1932 (unsigned long long) d);
1934 snprintf(buf, l, "now");
1940 char *format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1941 static const struct {
1945 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
1946 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
1947 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
1948 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
1949 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
1950 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
1960 if (t == (usec_t) -1)
1964 snprintf(p, l, "0");
1969 /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */
1971 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
1975 if (t < table[i].usec)
1981 k = snprintf(p, l, "%s%llu%s", p > buf ? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].usec), table[i].suffix);
1982 n = MIN((size_t) k, l);
1995 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1996 static const char * const table[] = {
2008 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2009 if (streq(table[i], fstype))
2018 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2023 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
2027 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
2030 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
2033 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
2036 close_nointr_nofail(r);
2040 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, bool *need_nl) {
2041 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
2048 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
2049 new_termios = old_termios;
2051 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
2052 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2053 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2055 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
2058 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
2060 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2066 *need_nl = c != '\n';
2073 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)))
2078 if (strlen(line) != 1)
2088 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
2095 on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
2101 bool need_nl = true;
2104 fputs("\x1B[1m", stdout);
2111 fputs("\x1B[0m", stdout);
2115 if ((r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, &need_nl)) < 0) {
2117 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
2118 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
2129 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
2134 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
2138 int reset_terminal(int fd) {
2139 struct termios termios;
2143 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
2147 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
2148 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
2149 * interfere with that. */
2151 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
2152 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
2154 /* Enable console unicode mode */
2156 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, &arg);
2158 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
2163 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
2164 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
2165 * else will do that for us */
2167 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
2168 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
2169 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
2170 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
2171 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
2173 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
2174 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
2175 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
2176 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
2177 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
2178 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
2179 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
2180 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
2181 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
2182 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
2183 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
2184 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
2185 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
2187 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2188 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2190 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2194 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2195 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2200 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2205 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2206 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2207 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2208 * retrying a couple of times.
2210 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2214 if ((fd = open(name, mode)) >= 0)
2223 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2230 if ((r = isatty(fd)) < 0) {
2231 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2236 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2243 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2244 struct pollfd pollfd;
2248 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2255 if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) {
2266 if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) {
2271 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2282 int acquire_terminal(const char *name, bool fail, bool force, bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm) {
2283 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r, wd = -1;
2287 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2288 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2289 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2291 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2292 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2293 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2294 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2295 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2296 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2297 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2298 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2300 if (!fail && !force) {
2301 if ((notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
2306 if ((wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE)) < 0) {
2314 if ((r = flush_fd(notify)) < 0)
2317 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2318 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2319 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2320 if ((fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
2323 /* First, try to get the tty */
2324 r = ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force);
2326 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2327 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2328 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2329 if (r < 0 && errno == EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2332 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || errno != EPERM)) {
2342 assert(notify >= 0);
2345 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2347 struct inotify_event *e;
2349 if ((l = read(notify, &inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer))) < 0) {
2358 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2363 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2368 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2369 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2371 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2378 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2379 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2380 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2381 * an endless loop. */
2382 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2386 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2388 if ((r = reset_terminal(fd)) < 0)
2389 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2395 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2398 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2403 int release_terminal(void) {
2405 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2407 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY)) < 0)
2410 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2411 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2414 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2415 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2416 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2418 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2421 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2423 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2427 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2432 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2433 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2440 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2441 struct sigaction sa;
2446 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2447 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2449 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2453 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2454 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2461 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2462 struct sigaction sa;
2467 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
2468 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2470 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2474 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2475 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2482 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2488 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2493 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2497 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2500 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2509 while (nbytes > 0) {
2512 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2514 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2517 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2518 struct pollfd pollfd;
2522 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2524 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2528 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2531 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2532 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2537 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2548 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2557 while (nbytes > 0) {
2560 if ((k = write(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2562 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2565 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2566 struct pollfd pollfd;
2570 pollfd.events = POLLOUT;
2572 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2576 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2579 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2580 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2585 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2596 int path_is_mount_point(const char *t) {
2601 if (lstat(t, &a) < 0) {
2602 if (errno == ENOENT)
2608 if ((r = parent_of_path(t, &parent)) < 0)
2611 r = lstat(parent, &b);
2617 return a.st_dev != b.st_dev;
2620 int parse_usec(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
2621 static const struct {
2625 { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC },
2626 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2627 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2628 { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2629 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2630 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2631 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2632 { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2633 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2634 { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2637 { "", USEC_PER_SEC },
2653 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2664 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2666 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2667 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2668 r += (usec_t) l * table[i].usec;
2669 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2673 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2683 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2688 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2689 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2690 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2693 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2695 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2701 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2704 if ((null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
2707 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2710 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2712 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2713 * sysfs or in /dev */
2716 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2717 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2720 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2723 struct dirent buf, *de;
2725 if (!(d = opendir(path)))
2729 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) > 0) {
2739 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name)) {
2749 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2754 if ((fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
2757 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2758 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2760 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2766 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2769 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2772 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2774 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). The string
2775 * passed should fit in 7 chars (i.e. the length of
2778 if (program_invocation_name)
2779 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2782 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2789 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2790 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2794 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2797 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2800 return strdup(u.nodename);
2802 return strdup(u.sysname);
2805 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2809 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2812 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2817 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2819 return strdup("root");
2821 if ((bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX)) <= 0)
2824 if (!(buf = malloc(bufsize)))
2827 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw) {
2828 name = strdup(pw->pw_name);
2835 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2841 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2842 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2847 if ((k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path))) != 0)
2852 if (!(c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path)))
2859 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2863 if ((k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s)) < 0)
2866 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2868 return get_ctty(r, NULL);
2875 int get_ctty_devnr(dev_t *d) {
2878 unsigned long ttynr;
2881 if (!(f = fopen("/proc/self/stat", "r")))
2884 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
2892 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
2901 "%*d " /* session */
2910 int get_ctty(char **r, dev_t *_devnr) {
2912 char fn[128], *s, *b, *p;
2917 if ((k = get_ctty_devnr(&devnr)) < 0)
2920 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2923 if ((k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s)) < 0) {
2928 /* This is an ugly hack */
2929 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2930 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2940 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2941 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2942 * vaguely useful. */
2944 if (!(b = strdup(fn + 5)))
2954 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2956 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2974 static int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs) {
2980 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2983 if (!(d = fdopendir(fd))) {
2984 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2986 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2990 struct dirent buf, *de;
2994 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) != 0) {
3003 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
3006 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN) {
3009 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3010 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3015 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3017 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3022 if ((subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
3023 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3028 if ((r = rm_rf_children(subdir_fd, only_dirs)) < 0) {
3033 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3034 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3037 } else if (!only_dirs) {
3039 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3040 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3051 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root) {
3057 if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
3059 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
3062 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3063 if (unlink(path) < 0)
3069 r = rm_rf_children(fd, only_dirs);
3072 if (rmdir(path) < 0) {
3080 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3083 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3084 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3085 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3087 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3090 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3096 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3100 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3103 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3106 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3107 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3117 if (errno != EINVAL)
3124 void status_vprintf(const char *format, va_list ap) {
3130 /* This independent of logging, as status messages are
3131 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3133 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3136 if ((fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
3139 write(fd, s, strlen(s));
3145 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3148 void status_printf(const char *format, ...) {
3153 va_start(ap, format);
3154 status_vprintf(format, ap);
3158 void status_welcome(void) {
3159 char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3160 const char *const_pretty = NULL, *const_color = NULL;
3163 if ((r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3164 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3165 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3169 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3172 #if defined(TARGET_FEDORA)
3174 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/system-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3177 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/system-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3179 truncate_nl(pretty_name);
3182 if (!ansi_color && pretty_name) {
3184 /* This tries to mimic the color magic the old Red Hat sysinit
3187 if (startswith(pretty_name, "Red Hat"))
3188 const_color = "0;31"; /* Red for RHEL */
3189 else if (startswith(pretty_name, "Fedora"))
3190 const_color = "0;34"; /* Blue for Fedora */
3193 #elif defined(TARGET_SUSE)
3196 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/SuSE-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3199 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/SuSE-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3201 truncate_nl(pretty_name);
3205 const_color = "0;32"; /* Green for openSUSE */
3207 #elif defined(TARGET_GENTOO)
3210 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/gentoo-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3213 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/gentoo-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3215 truncate_nl(pretty_name);
3219 const_color = "1;34"; /* Light Blue for Gentoo */
3221 #elif defined(TARGET_ALTLINUX)
3224 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/altlinux-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3227 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/altlinux-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3229 truncate_nl(pretty_name);
3233 const_color = "0;36"; /* Cyan for ALTLinux */
3236 #elif defined(TARGET_DEBIAN)
3241 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/debian_version", &version)) < 0) {
3244 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/debian_version: %s", strerror(-r));
3246 truncate_nl(version);
3247 pretty_name = strappend("Debian ", version);
3251 log_warning("Failed to allocate Debian version string.");
3256 const_color = "1;31"; /* Light Red for Debian */
3258 #elif defined(TARGET_UBUNTU)
3260 if ((r = parse_env_file("/etc/lsb-release", NEWLINE,
3261 "DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION", &pretty_name,
3265 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/lsb-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3269 const_color = "0;33"; /* Orange/Brown for Ubuntu */
3271 #elif defined(TARGET_MANDRIVA)
3276 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/mandriva-release", &s) < 0)) {
3278 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/mandriva-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3280 p = strstr(s, " release ");
3284 p[strcspn(p, " ")] = '\0';
3286 /* This corresponds to standard rc.sysinit */
3287 if (asprintf(&pretty_name, "%s\x1B[0;39m %s", s, p) > 0)
3288 const_color = "1;36";
3290 log_warning("Failed to allocate Mandriva version string.");
3292 log_warning("Failed to parse /etc/mandriva-release");
3299 if (!pretty_name && !const_pretty)
3300 const_pretty = "Linux";
3302 if (!ansi_color && !const_color)
3305 status_printf("\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n\n",
3306 const_color ? const_color : ansi_color,
3307 const_pretty ? const_pretty : pretty_name);
3313 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3320 const char *e, *word = format;
3325 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3336 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3345 } else if (*e == '$') {
3346 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3362 if (!(t = strv_env_get_with_length(env, word+2, e-word-2)))
3365 if (!(k = strappend(r, t)))
3378 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3389 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3391 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3393 l = strv_length(argv);
3395 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3398 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3400 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3401 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3406 if ((e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1))) {
3408 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3419 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3428 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3436 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3437 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3448 static __thread int parsed_columns = 0;
3451 if (parsed_columns > 0)
3452 return parsed_columns;
3454 if ((e = getenv("COLUMNS")))
3455 parsed_columns = atoi(e);
3457 if (parsed_columns <= 0) {
3461 if (ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) >= 0)
3462 parsed_columns = ws.ws_col;
3465 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3466 parsed_columns = 80;
3468 return parsed_columns;
3471 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3477 /* Only works as root */
3479 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3482 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3486 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3487 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3490 char *ellipsize(const char *s, unsigned length, unsigned percent) {
3495 assert(percent <= 100);
3496 assert(length >= 3);
3500 if (l <= 3 || l <= length)
3503 if (!(r = new0(char, length+1)))
3506 x = (length * percent) / 100;
3516 s + l - (length - x - 3),
3522 int touch(const char *path) {
3527 if ((fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644)) < 0)
3530 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3534 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3538 if ((l = strlen(s)) < 2)
3541 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3542 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3547 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3548 char *name, *value, *p, *r;
3553 if (!(r = strdup(s)))
3559 if (!(name = strndup(s, p - s)))
3562 if (!(p = strdup(p+1))) {
3567 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3576 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", name, value) < 0)
3585 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3592 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3604 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3611 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0) {
3612 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3616 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3617 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3618 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3619 return status.si_status;
3622 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3625 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3626 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3628 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3632 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3639 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3640 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3648 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3651 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3654 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3660 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3664 if ((nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags)) < 0)
3667 if (!(d = fdopendir(nfd))) {
3668 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3675 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3679 if ((signo = signal_from_string(s)) <= 0)
3680 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3681 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3686 void dual_timestamp_serialize(FILE *f, const char *name, dual_timestamp *t) {
3692 if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(t))
3695 fprintf(f, "%s=%llu %llu\n",
3697 (unsigned long long) t->realtime,
3698 (unsigned long long) t->monotonic);
3701 void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value, dual_timestamp *t) {
3702 unsigned long long a, b;
3707 if (sscanf(value, "%lli %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
3708 log_debug("Failed to parse finish timestamp value %s", value);
3715 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3719 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
3720 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
3722 if (startswith(p, "LABEL=")) {
3724 if (!(u = unquote(p+6, "\"\'")))
3727 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
3733 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-label/%s", t);
3742 if (startswith(p, "UUID=")) {
3744 if (!(u = unquote(p+5, "\"\'")))
3747 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
3753 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-uuid/%s", t);
3765 void filter_environ(const char *prefix) {
3772 for (i = 0, j = 0; environ[i]; i++) {
3774 if (startswith(environ[i], prefix))
3777 environ[j++] = environ[i];
3783 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3786 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3789 return startswith(tty, "tty") &&
3790 tty[3] >= '0' && tty[3] <= '9';
3793 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3794 char *active = NULL;
3799 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3802 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing when determining
3804 if (streq(tty, "console"))
3805 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active) >= 0) {
3806 truncate_nl(active);
3808 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the
3809 * last one is what /dev/console points to */
3810 if ((tty = strrchr(active, ' ')))
3816 term = tty_is_vc(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt100";
3822 /* Returns a short identifier for the various VM implementations */
3823 int detect_vm(const char **id) {
3825 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
3827 /* Both CPUID and DMI are x86 specific interfaces... */
3829 static const char *const dmi_vendors[] = {
3830 "/sys/class/dmi/id/sys_vendor",
3831 "/sys/class/dmi/id/board_vendor",
3832 "/sys/class/dmi/id/bios_vendor"
3835 static const char dmi_vendor_table[] =
3837 /* http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1009458 */
3838 "VMware\0" "vmware\0"
3840 "Microsoft Corporation\0" "microsoft\0"
3841 "innotek GmbH\0" "oracle\0"
3843 "Bochs\0" "bochs\0";
3845 static const char cpuid_vendor_table[] =
3846 "XenVMMXenVMM\0" "xen\0"
3847 "KVMKVMKVM\0" "kvm\0"
3848 /* http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1009458 */
3849 "VMwareVMware\0" "vmware\0"
3850 /* http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff542428.aspx */
3851 "Microsoft Hv\0" "microsoft\0";
3862 /* http://lwn.net/Articles/301888/ */
3865 #if defined (__i386__)
3868 #elif defined (__amd64__)
3873 /* First detect whether there is a hypervisor */
3875 __asm__ __volatile__ (
3876 /* ebx/rbx is being used for PIC! */
3877 " push %%"REG_b" \n\t"
3879 " pop %%"REG_b" \n\t"
3881 : "=a" (eax), "=c" (ecx)
3885 hypervisor = !!(ecx & ecx & 0x80000000U);
3889 /* There is a hypervisor, see what it is */
3891 __asm__ __volatile__ (
3892 /* ebx/rbx is being used for PIC! */
3893 " push %%"REG_b" \n\t"
3895 " mov %%ebx, %1 \n\t"
3896 " pop %%"REG_b" \n\t"
3898 : "=a" (eax), "=r" (sig.sig32[0]), "=c" (sig.sig32[1]), "=d" (sig.sig32[2])
3902 NULSTR_FOREACH_PAIR(j, k, cpuid_vendor_table)
3903 if (streq(sig.text, j)) {
3912 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(dmi_vendors); i++) {
3915 const char *found = NULL;
3917 if ((r = read_one_line_file(dmi_vendors[i], &s)) < 0) {
3924 NULSTR_FOREACH_PAIR(j, k, dmi_vendor_table)
3925 if (startswith(s, j))
3948 int detect_container(const char **id) {
3951 /* Unfortunately many of these operations require root access
3952 * in one way or another */
3957 if (running_in_chroot() > 0) {
3965 /* /proc/vz exists in container and outside of the container,
3966 * /proc/bc only outside of the container. */
3967 if (access("/proc/vz", F_OK) >= 0 &&
3968 access("/proc/bc", F_OK) < 0) {
3976 if ((f = fopen("/proc/self/cgroup", "r"))) {
3979 char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
3981 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
3984 if (!(p = strchr(strstrip(line), ':')))
3987 if (strncmp(p, ":ns:", 4))
3990 if (!streq(p, ":ns:/")) {
4006 /* Returns a short identifier for the various VM/container implementations */
4007 int detect_virtualization(const char **id) {
4008 static __thread const char *cached_id = NULL;
4014 if (cached_id == (const char*) -1)
4023 if ((r = detect_container(&_id)) != 0)
4026 r = detect_vm(&_id);
4035 cached_id = (const char*) -1;
4040 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
4043 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4047 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4048 * until all they all finished. */
4051 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
4053 if (errno == ENOENT)
4056 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4063 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
4064 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
4068 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
4073 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
4076 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4077 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4078 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4081 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
4082 log_error("Out of memory");
4086 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
4087 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4106 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4107 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4110 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
4112 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
4113 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
4118 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4123 if (waitid(P_ALL, 0, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
4128 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
4132 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
4133 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status)) {
4134 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
4135 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
4137 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
4139 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
4150 hashmap_free_free(pids);
4153 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4156 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4164 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4170 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4171 if (streq(i, needle))
4177 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4178 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4179 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4180 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4181 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4184 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class, int);
4186 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4187 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4188 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4189 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4190 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4191 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4192 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4195 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4197 static const char *const log_facility_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4198 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4199 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4200 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4201 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4202 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4203 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4204 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4205 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4206 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4207 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4208 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4209 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4210 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4211 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4212 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4213 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4214 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4215 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4216 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4217 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4220 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility, int);
4222 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4223 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4224 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4225 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4227 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4228 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4229 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4230 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4233 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level, int);
4235 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4236 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4237 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4238 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4239 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4243 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy, int);
4245 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4246 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4247 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4248 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4249 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4250 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4251 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4252 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4253 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4254 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4255 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4256 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4257 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4258 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4259 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4260 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4261 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4264 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4266 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4267 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4268 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4269 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4270 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4273 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ip_tos, int);
4275 static const char *const signal_table[] = {
4292 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4303 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4305 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4311 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(signal, int);