1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
53 #include <sys/capability.h>
55 #include <linux/rtc.h>
66 #include "exit-status.h"
70 char **saved_argv = NULL;
72 size_t page_size(void) {
73 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
79 assert_se((r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)) > 0);
86 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
88 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
99 usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) {
102 assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0);
104 return timespec_load(&ts);
107 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts) {
110 ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
111 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
116 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_realtime(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u) {
125 delta = (int64_t) now(CLOCK_REALTIME) - (int64_t) u;
127 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
129 if ((int64_t) ts->monotonic > delta)
130 ts->monotonic -= delta;
138 usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) {
142 (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
143 (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
146 struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u) {
149 ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
150 ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC);
155 usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) {
159 (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
160 (usec_t) tv->tv_usec;
163 struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) {
166 tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
167 tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC);
172 bool endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
179 pl = strlen(postfix);
187 return memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) == 0;
190 bool startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
205 return memcmp(s, prefix, pl) == 0;
208 bool startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
224 for(i = 0; i < pl; ++i) {
225 if (tolower(s[i]) != tolower(prefix[i]))
232 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
247 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
251 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
254 int close_nointr(int fd) {
269 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
270 int saved_errno = errno;
272 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
275 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
280 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
283 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
284 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
287 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
290 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on"))
292 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off"))
298 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
299 unsigned long ul = 0;
306 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
311 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
321 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
322 unsigned long ul = 0;
329 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
334 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
341 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
349 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
351 if (!x || *x || errno)
352 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
354 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
357 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
361 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
369 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
371 if (!x || *x || errno)
372 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
374 if ((long) (int) l != l)
381 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
383 unsigned long long l;
389 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
391 if (!x || *x || errno)
392 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
398 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
406 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
408 if (!x || *x || errno)
409 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
415 /* Split a string into words. */
416 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
419 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
421 if (!*current || *c == 0)
424 current += strspn(current, separator);
425 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
428 return (char*) current;
431 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
432 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
433 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
435 bool escaped = false;
437 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
439 if (!*current || *c == 0)
442 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
444 if (*current == '\'') {
447 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
457 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
458 } else if (*current == '\"') {
461 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
471 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
473 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
478 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
485 return (char*) current;
488 char **split_path_and_make_absolute(const char *p) {
492 if (!(l = strv_split(p, ":")))
495 if (!strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(l)) {
503 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
506 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
512 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
515 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
518 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
526 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
527 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
528 * skip over it manually */
530 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
541 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
544 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
549 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
552 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
557 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
560 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
563 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
571 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
572 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
573 * skip over it manually */
575 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
596 "%*d " /* priority */
598 "%*d " /* num_threads */
599 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
600 "%llu " /* starttime */,
607 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) {
614 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "we")))
618 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
623 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
641 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
646 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
652 int write_one_line_file_atomic(const char *fn, const char *line) {
660 r = fopen_temporary(fn, &f, &p);
664 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
667 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
672 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
683 if (rename(p, fn) < 0)
699 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
702 char t[LINE_MAX], *c;
707 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
710 if (!(fgets(t, sizeof(t), f))) {
715 if (!(c = strdup(t))) {
730 int read_full_file(const char *fn, char **contents, size_t *size) {
737 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
740 if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0) {
746 if (st.st_size > 4*1024*1024) {
751 n = st.st_size > 0 ? st.st_size : LINE_MAX;
758 if (!(t = realloc(buf, n+1))) {
764 k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f);
779 if (n > 4*1024*1024) {
787 else if (!(buf = calloc(1, 1))) {
809 const char *separator, ...) {
812 char *contents = NULL, *p;
817 if ((r = read_full_file(fname, &contents, NULL)) < 0)
822 const char *key = NULL;
824 p += strspn(p, separator);
825 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
830 if (!strchr(COMMENTS, *p)) {
834 va_start(ap, separator);
835 while ((key = va_arg(ap, char *))) {
839 value = va_arg(ap, char **);
842 if (strncmp(p, key, n) != 0 ||
847 n = strcspn(p, separator);
850 strchr(QUOTES, p[0]) &&
852 v = strndup(p+1, n-2);
863 /* return empty value strings as NULL */
880 p += strcspn(p, separator);
899 if (!(f = fopen(fname, "re")))
903 char l[LINE_MAX], *p, *u;
906 if (!fgets(l, sizeof(l), f)) {
919 if (strchr(COMMENTS, *p))
922 if (!(u = normalize_env_assignment(p))) {
923 log_error("Out of memory");
928 t = strv_append(m, u);
932 log_error("Out of memory");
955 int write_env_file(const char *fname, char **l) {
960 r = fopen_temporary(fname, &f, &p);
964 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
980 if (rename(p, fname) < 0)
995 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
998 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
1002 int get_process_name(pid_t pid, char **name) {
1009 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1012 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
1021 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, char **line) {
1029 assert(max_length > 0);
1032 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1041 if (!(r = new(char, max_length))) {
1048 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
1070 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
1071 memcpy(k, "...", n);
1078 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
1085 if ((h = get_process_name(pid, &t)) < 0)
1088 h = asprintf(&r, "[%s]", t);
1099 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
1107 return strndup(suffix, b);
1117 if (!(r = new(char, a+b+1)))
1121 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
1127 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
1128 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
1131 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
1141 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
1144 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
1150 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1161 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1168 if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
1171 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1181 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1188 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1192 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1199 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1204 int parent_of_path(const char *path, char **_r) {
1205 const char *e, *a = NULL, *b = NULL, *p;
1215 for (e = path; *e; e++) {
1217 if (!slash && *e == '/') {
1221 } else if (slash && *e != '/')
1236 r = strndup(path, p-path);
1246 char *file_name_from_path(const char *p) {
1251 if ((r = strrchr(p, '/')))
1257 bool path_is_absolute(const char *p) {
1263 bool is_path(const char *p) {
1265 return !!strchr(p, '/');
1268 char *path_make_absolute(const char *p, const char *prefix) {
1271 /* Makes every item in the list an absolute path by prepending
1272 * the prefix, if specified and necessary */
1274 if (path_is_absolute(p) || !prefix)
1277 return join(prefix, "/", p, NULL);
1280 char *path_make_absolute_cwd(const char *p) {
1285 /* Similar to path_make_absolute(), but prefixes with the
1286 * current working directory. */
1288 if (path_is_absolute(p))
1291 if (!(cwd = get_current_dir_name()))
1294 r = path_make_absolute(p, cwd);
1300 char **strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(char **l) {
1303 /* Goes through every item in the string list and makes it
1304 * absolute. This works in place and won't rollback any
1305 * changes on failure. */
1307 STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
1310 if (!(t = path_make_absolute_cwd(*s)))
1320 char **strv_path_canonicalize(char **l) {
1323 bool enomem = false;
1325 if (strv_isempty(l))
1328 /* Goes through every item in the string list and canonicalize
1329 * the path. This works in place and won't rollback any
1330 * changes on failure. */
1332 STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
1335 t = path_make_absolute_cwd(*s);
1344 u = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1348 if (errno == ENOMEM || !errno)
1365 char **strv_path_remove_empty(char **l) {
1371 for (f = t = l; *f; f++) {
1373 if (dir_is_empty(*f) > 0) {
1385 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1388 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1389 struct sigaction sa;
1391 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1395 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
1396 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1398 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1399 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1400 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1401 if (errno != EINVAL)
1408 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1411 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1412 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1414 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1416 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1417 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1425 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1428 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1430 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1431 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1442 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
1448 for (i = s; *i; i++)
1449 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
1455 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1462 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1463 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1466 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1467 return strdup(filename);
1469 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1470 return strdup(filename);
1472 k = strlen(filename);
1473 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1476 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1477 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1482 int safe_mkdir(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
1485 if (label_mkdir(path, mode) >= 0)
1486 if (chmod_and_chown(path, mode, uid, gid) < 0)
1489 if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
1492 if ((st.st_mode & 0777) != mode ||
1495 !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
1504 int mkdir_parents(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
1509 /* Creates every parent directory in the path except the last
1512 p = path + strspn(path, "/");
1517 e = p + strcspn(p, "/");
1518 p = e + strspn(e, "/");
1520 /* Is this the last component? If so, then we're
1525 if (!(t = strndup(path, e - path)))
1528 r = label_mkdir(t, mode);
1531 if (r < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
1536 int mkdir_p(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
1541 if ((r = mkdir_parents(path, mode)) < 0)
1544 if (label_mkdir(path, mode) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
1550 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1559 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1560 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1566 /* Skip last component */
1567 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1570 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1571 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1577 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1580 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1589 if (errno != ENOENT)
1597 char hexchar(int x) {
1598 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1600 return table[x & 15];
1603 int unhexchar(char c) {
1605 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1608 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1609 return c - 'a' + 10;
1611 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1612 return c - 'A' + 10;
1617 char octchar(int x) {
1618 return '0' + (x & 7);
1621 int unoctchar(char c) {
1623 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1629 char decchar(int x) {
1630 return '0' + (x % 10);
1633 int undecchar(char c) {
1635 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1641 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1647 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1649 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1)))
1652 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1698 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1699 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1700 * g_strescape() does the same */
1701 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1703 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1704 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1705 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1716 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1722 /* Undoes C style string escaping */
1724 if (!(r = new(char, length+1)))
1727 for (f = s, t = r; f < s + length; f++) {
1770 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1775 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1778 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1779 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1780 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1784 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1799 /* octal encoding */
1802 if ((a = unoctchar(f[0])) < 0 ||
1803 (b = unoctchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1804 (c = unoctchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1805 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1809 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1817 /* premature end of string.*/
1822 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1834 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1835 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1838 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1842 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1843 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1846 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4+1)))
1849 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1851 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1852 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1855 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1856 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1866 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1872 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1873 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1875 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1)))
1878 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1880 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1881 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1882 !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1884 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1885 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1895 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1900 if (!(r = strdup(f)))
1903 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1908 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1909 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1910 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1913 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1925 char *path_kill_slashes(char *path) {
1929 /* Removes redundant inner and trailing slashes. Modifies the
1930 * passed string in-place.
1932 * ///foo///bar/ becomes /foo/bar
1935 for (f = path, t = path; *f; f++) {
1950 /* Special rule, if we are talking of the root directory, a
1951 trailing slash is good */
1953 if (t == path && slash)
1960 bool path_startswith(const char *path, const char *prefix) {
1964 if ((path[0] == '/') != (prefix[0] == '/'))
1970 path += strspn(path, "/");
1971 prefix += strspn(prefix, "/");
1979 a = strcspn(path, "/");
1980 b = strcspn(prefix, "/");
1985 if (memcmp(path, prefix, a) != 0)
1993 bool path_equal(const char *a, const char *b) {
1997 if ((a[0] == '/') != (b[0] == '/'))
2003 a += strspn(a, "/");
2004 b += strspn(b, "/");
2006 if (*a == 0 && *b == 0)
2009 if (*a == 0 || *b == 0)
2012 j = strcspn(a, "/");
2013 k = strcspn(b, "/");
2018 if (memcmp(a, b, j) != 0)
2026 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
2031 for (p = t; *p; p++)
2032 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
2033 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
2038 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
2042 filename[0] == '.' ||
2043 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
2044 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
2045 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
2046 endswith(filename, "~") ||
2047 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
2048 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
2049 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
2050 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
2051 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
2052 endswith(filename, ".swp");
2055 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
2060 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
2064 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
2066 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
2068 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
2074 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
2079 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
2083 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
2085 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
2087 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
2093 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
2098 if (!(d = opendir("/proc/self/fd")))
2101 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
2104 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
2107 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
2108 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
2122 for (i = 0; i < n_except; i++)
2123 if (except[i] == fd) {
2132 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
2133 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
2134 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
2143 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
2146 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
2147 for (p = a; *p; p++)
2154 char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2164 sec = (time_t) (t / USEC_PER_SEC);
2166 if (strftime(buf, l, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", localtime_r(&sec, &tm)) <= 0)
2172 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2175 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2177 if (t <= 0 || t > n || t + USEC_PER_DAY*7 <= t)
2182 if (d >= USEC_PER_YEAR)
2183 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu years and %llu months ago",
2184 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_YEAR),
2185 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_YEAR) / USEC_PER_MONTH));
2186 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MONTH)
2187 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu months and %llu days ago",
2188 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MONTH),
2189 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MONTH) / USEC_PER_DAY));
2190 else if (d >= USEC_PER_WEEK)
2191 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago",
2192 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_WEEK),
2193 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_WEEK) / USEC_PER_DAY));
2194 else if (d >= 2*USEC_PER_DAY)
2195 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_DAY));
2196 else if (d >= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR)
2197 snprintf(buf, l, "1 day and %lluh ago",
2198 (unsigned long long) ((d - USEC_PER_DAY) / USEC_PER_HOUR));
2199 else if (d >= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR)
2200 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh ago",
2201 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR));
2202 else if (d >= USEC_PER_HOUR)
2203 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh %llumin ago",
2204 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR),
2205 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_HOUR) / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
2206 else if (d >= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
2207 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin ago",
2208 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
2209 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MINUTE)
2210 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin %llus ago",
2211 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE),
2212 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MINUTE) / USEC_PER_SEC));
2213 else if (d >= USEC_PER_SEC)
2214 snprintf(buf, l, "%llus ago",
2215 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_SEC));
2216 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MSEC)
2217 snprintf(buf, l, "%llums ago",
2218 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MSEC));
2220 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluus ago",
2221 (unsigned long long) d);
2223 snprintf(buf, l, "now");
2229 char *format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2230 static const struct {
2234 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2235 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2236 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2237 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2238 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2239 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2249 if (t == (usec_t) -1)
2253 snprintf(p, l, "0");
2258 /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */
2260 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
2264 if (t < table[i].usec)
2270 k = snprintf(p, l, "%s%llu%s", p > buf ? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].usec), table[i].suffix);
2271 n = MIN((size_t) k, l);
2284 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
2285 static const char * const table[] = {
2297 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2298 if (streq(table[i], fstype))
2307 if ((fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2312 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
2316 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
2319 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
2322 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
2325 close_nointr_nofail(r);
2329 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, bool *need_nl) {
2330 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
2332 char line[LINE_MAX];
2337 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
2338 new_termios = old_termios;
2340 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
2341 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2342 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2344 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
2347 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
2349 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2355 *need_nl = c != '\n';
2362 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)))
2367 if (strlen(line) != 1)
2377 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
2384 on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
2390 bool need_nl = true;
2393 fputs("\x1B[1m", stdout);
2400 fputs("\x1B[0m", stdout);
2404 if ((r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, &need_nl)) < 0) {
2406 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
2407 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
2418 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
2423 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
2427 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd) {
2428 struct termios termios;
2432 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
2436 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
2437 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
2438 * interfere with that. */
2440 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
2441 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
2443 /* Enable console unicode mode */
2445 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, &arg);
2447 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
2452 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
2453 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
2454 * else will do that for us */
2456 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
2457 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
2458 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
2459 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
2460 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
2462 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
2463 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
2464 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
2465 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
2466 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
2467 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
2468 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
2469 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
2470 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
2471 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
2472 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
2473 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
2474 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
2476 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2477 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2479 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2483 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2484 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2489 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
2492 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2496 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd);
2497 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2502 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2507 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2508 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2509 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2510 * retrying a couple of times.
2512 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2516 if ((fd = open(name, mode)) >= 0)
2525 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2532 if ((r = isatty(fd)) < 0) {
2533 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2538 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2545 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2546 struct pollfd pollfd;
2550 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2557 if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) {
2568 if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) {
2573 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2584 int acquire_terminal(const char *name, bool fail, bool force, bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm) {
2585 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r, wd = -1;
2589 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2590 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2591 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2593 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2594 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2595 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2596 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2597 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2598 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2599 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2600 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2602 if (!fail && !force) {
2603 if ((notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
2608 if ((wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE)) < 0) {
2616 if ((r = flush_fd(notify)) < 0)
2619 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2620 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2621 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2622 if ((fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2625 /* First, try to get the tty */
2626 r = ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force);
2628 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2629 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2630 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2631 if (r < 0 && errno == EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2634 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || errno != EPERM)) {
2644 assert(notify >= 0);
2647 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2649 struct inotify_event *e;
2651 if ((l = read(notify, &inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer))) < 0) {
2660 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2665 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2670 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2671 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2673 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2680 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2681 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2682 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2683 * an endless loop. */
2684 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2688 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2690 if ((r = reset_terminal_fd(fd)) < 0)
2691 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2697 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2700 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2705 int release_terminal(void) {
2707 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2709 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2712 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2713 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2716 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2717 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2718 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2720 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2723 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2725 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2729 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2734 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2735 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2742 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2743 struct sigaction sa;
2748 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2749 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2751 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2755 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2756 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2763 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2764 struct sigaction sa;
2769 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
2770 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2772 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2776 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2777 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2784 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2790 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2795 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2799 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2802 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2811 while (nbytes > 0) {
2814 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2816 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2819 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2820 struct pollfd pollfd;
2824 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2826 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2830 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2833 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2834 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2839 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2850 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2859 while (nbytes > 0) {
2862 if ((k = write(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2864 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2867 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2868 struct pollfd pollfd;
2872 pollfd.events = POLLOUT;
2874 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2878 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2881 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2882 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2887 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2898 int path_is_mount_point(const char *t, bool allow_symlink) {
2909 if (errno == ENOENT)
2915 r = parent_of_path(t, &parent);
2919 r = lstat(parent, &b);
2925 return a.st_dev != b.st_dev;
2928 int parse_usec(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
2929 static const struct {
2933 { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC },
2934 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2935 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2936 { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2937 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2938 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2939 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2940 { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2941 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2942 { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2945 { "", USEC_PER_SEC },
2961 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2972 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2974 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2975 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2976 r += (usec_t) l * table[i].usec;
2977 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2981 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2991 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2992 static const struct {
2998 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2999 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
3000 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
3017 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
3028 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
3030 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
3031 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
3032 r += (off_t) l * table[i].factor;
3033 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
3037 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
3047 int make_stdio(int fd) {
3052 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
3053 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
3054 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
3057 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3059 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
3062 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
3063 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
3064 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
3069 int make_null_stdio(void) {
3072 if ((null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
3075 return make_stdio(null_fd);
3078 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
3080 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
3081 * sysfs or in /dev */
3084 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
3085 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
3088 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
3091 struct dirent buf, *de;
3093 if (!(d = opendir(path)))
3097 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) > 0) {
3107 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name)) {
3117 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
3122 if ((fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
3125 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
3126 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3128 if (r != sizeof(ull))
3134 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
3137 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
3140 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
3142 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). The string
3143 * passed should fit in 7 chars (i.e. the length of
3146 if (program_invocation_name)
3147 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
3149 if (saved_argc > 0) {
3153 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
3155 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
3159 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
3164 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
3171 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
3172 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
3176 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
3179 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3182 return strdup(u.nodename);
3184 return strdup(u.sysname);
3187 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
3191 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
3194 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
3199 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
3201 return strdup("root");
3203 if ((bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX)) <= 0)
3206 if (!(buf = malloc(bufsize)))
3209 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw) {
3210 name = strdup(pw->pw_name);
3217 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
3223 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
3224 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
3229 if ((k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path))) != 0)
3234 if (!(c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path)))
3241 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
3245 if ((k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s)) < 0)
3248 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
3250 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
3257 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
3259 char line[LINE_MAX], *p, *fn;
3260 unsigned long ttynr;
3263 if (asprintf(&fn, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) (pid <= 0 ? getpid() : pid)) < 0)
3266 f = fopen(fn, "re");
3271 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
3279 p = strrchr(line, ')');
3289 "%*d " /* session */
3298 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
3300 char fn[PATH_MAX], *s, *b, *p;
3305 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
3309 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
3312 if ((k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s)) < 0) {
3317 /* This is an ugly hack */
3318 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
3319 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
3329 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
3330 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
3331 * vaguely useful. */
3333 if (!(b = strdup(fn + 5)))
3343 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
3345 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
3363 static int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky) {
3369 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
3372 if (!(d = fdopendir(fd))) {
3373 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3375 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
3379 struct dirent buf, *de;
3380 bool is_dir, keep_around = false;
3383 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) != 0) {
3392 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
3395 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN) {
3398 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3399 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3405 keep_around = st.st_uid == 0 && (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3407 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3410 if (honour_sticky) {
3413 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3414 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3419 keep_around = st.st_uid == 0 && (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3422 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3428 if ((subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
3429 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3434 if ((r = rm_rf_children(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky)) < 0) {
3440 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3441 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3445 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3447 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3448 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3459 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3465 if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
3467 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
3470 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3471 if (unlink(path) < 0)
3477 r = rm_rf_children(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky);
3481 if (honour_sticky && file_is_sticky(path) > 0)
3484 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3493 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3496 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3497 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3498 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3500 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3503 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3509 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3513 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3516 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3519 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3520 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3530 if (errno != EINVAL)
3537 void status_vprintf(const char *format, va_list ap) {
3543 /* This independent of logging, as status messages are
3544 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3546 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3549 if ((fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
3552 write(fd, s, strlen(s));
3558 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3561 void status_printf(const char *format, ...) {
3566 va_start(ap, format);
3567 status_vprintf(format, ap);
3571 void status_welcome(void) {
3572 char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3573 const char *const_pretty = NULL, *const_color = NULL;
3576 if ((r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3577 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3578 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3582 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3585 #if defined(TARGET_FEDORA)
3587 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/system-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3590 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/system-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3594 if (!ansi_color && pretty_name) {
3596 /* This tries to mimic the color magic the old Red Hat sysinit
3599 if (startswith(pretty_name, "Red Hat"))
3600 const_color = "0;31"; /* Red for RHEL */
3601 else if (startswith(pretty_name, "Fedora"))
3602 const_color = "0;34"; /* Blue for Fedora */
3605 #elif defined(TARGET_SUSE)
3608 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/SuSE-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3611 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/SuSE-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3616 const_color = "0;32"; /* Green for openSUSE */
3618 #elif defined(TARGET_GENTOO)
3621 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/gentoo-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3624 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/gentoo-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3629 const_color = "1;34"; /* Light Blue for Gentoo */
3631 #elif defined(TARGET_ALTLINUX)
3634 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/altlinux-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3637 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/altlinux-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3642 const_color = "0;36"; /* Cyan for ALTLinux */
3645 #elif defined(TARGET_DEBIAN)
3650 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/debian_version", &version)) < 0) {
3653 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/debian_version: %s", strerror(-r));
3655 pretty_name = strappend("Debian ", version);
3659 log_warning("Failed to allocate Debian version string.");
3664 const_color = "1;31"; /* Light Red for Debian */
3666 #elif defined(TARGET_UBUNTU)
3668 if ((r = parse_env_file("/etc/lsb-release", NEWLINE,
3669 "DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION", &pretty_name,
3673 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/lsb-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3677 const_color = "0;33"; /* Orange/Brown for Ubuntu */
3679 #elif defined(TARGET_MANDRIVA)
3684 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/mandriva-release", &s) < 0)) {
3686 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/mandriva-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3688 p = strstr(s, " release ");
3692 p[strcspn(p, " ")] = '\0';
3694 /* This corresponds to standard rc.sysinit */
3695 if (asprintf(&pretty_name, "%s\x1B[0;39m %s", s, p) > 0)
3696 const_color = "1;36";
3698 log_warning("Failed to allocate Mandriva version string.");
3700 log_warning("Failed to parse /etc/mandriva-release");
3704 #elif defined(TARGET_MEEGO)
3707 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/meego-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3710 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/meego-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3715 const_color = "1;35"; /* Bright Magenta for MeeGo */
3718 if (!pretty_name && !const_pretty)
3719 const_pretty = "Linux";
3721 if (!ansi_color && !const_color)
3724 status_printf("\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n\n",
3725 const_color ? const_color : ansi_color,
3726 const_pretty ? const_pretty : pretty_name);
3732 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3739 const char *e, *word = format;
3744 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3755 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3764 } else if (*e == '$') {
3765 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3781 if (!(t = strv_env_get_with_length(env, word+2, e-word-2)))
3784 if (!(k = strappend(r, t)))
3797 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3808 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3810 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3812 l = strv_length(argv);
3814 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3817 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3819 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3820 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3825 if ((e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1))) {
3827 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3838 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3847 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3855 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3856 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3867 static __thread int parsed_columns = 0;
3870 if (_likely_(parsed_columns > 0))
3871 return parsed_columns;
3873 if ((e = getenv("COLUMNS")))
3874 parsed_columns = atoi(e);
3876 if (parsed_columns <= 0) {
3880 if (ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) >= 0)
3881 parsed_columns = ws.ws_col;
3884 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3885 parsed_columns = 80;
3887 return parsed_columns;
3890 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3896 /* Only works as root */
3898 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3901 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3905 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3906 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3909 char *ellipsize(const char *s, unsigned length, unsigned percent) {
3914 assert(percent <= 100);
3915 assert(length >= 3);
3919 if (l <= 3 || l <= length)
3922 if (!(r = new0(char, length+1)))
3925 x = (length * percent) / 100;
3935 s + l - (length - x - 3),
3941 int touch(const char *path) {
3946 if ((fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644)) < 0)
3949 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3953 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3957 if ((l = strlen(s)) < 2)
3960 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3961 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3966 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3967 char *name, *value, *p, *r;
3972 if (!(r = strdup(s)))
3978 if (!(name = strndup(s, p - s)))
3981 if (!(p = strdup(p+1))) {
3986 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3994 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", name, value) < 0)
4003 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
4014 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
4026 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
4033 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0) {
4034 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
4038 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
4039 if (status.si_status != 0) {
4040 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
4041 return status.si_status;
4044 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
4047 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
4048 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
4050 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
4054 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
4061 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
4062 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
4070 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
4073 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
4076 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
4082 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
4087 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
4090 return null_or_empty(&st);
4093 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
4097 if ((nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags)) < 0)
4100 if (!(d = fdopendir(nfd))) {
4101 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
4108 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
4112 if ((signo = signal_from_string(s)) <= 0)
4113 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
4114 return signal_from_string(s+3);
4119 void dual_timestamp_serialize(FILE *f, const char *name, dual_timestamp *t) {
4125 if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(t))
4128 fprintf(f, "%s=%llu %llu\n",
4130 (unsigned long long) t->realtime,
4131 (unsigned long long) t->monotonic);
4134 void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value, dual_timestamp *t) {
4135 unsigned long long a, b;
4140 if (sscanf(value, "%lli %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
4141 log_debug("Failed to parse finish timestamp value %s", value);
4148 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
4152 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
4153 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
4155 if (startswith(p, "LABEL=")) {
4157 if (!(u = unquote(p+6, "\"\'")))
4160 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
4166 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-label/%s", t);
4175 if (startswith(p, "UUID=")) {
4177 if (!(u = unquote(p+5, "\"\'")))
4180 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
4186 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-uuid/%s", t);
4198 void filter_environ(const char *prefix) {
4205 for (i = 0, j = 0; environ[i]; i++) {
4207 if (startswith(environ[i], prefix))
4210 environ[j++] = environ[i];
4216 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
4219 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4222 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
4225 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
4230 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4233 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
4236 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
4239 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
4243 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
4249 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4250 char *active = NULL;
4255 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4258 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing when determining
4260 if (streq(tty, "console"))
4261 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active) >= 0) {
4262 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the
4263 * last one is what /dev/console points to */
4264 if ((tty = strrchr(active, ' ')))
4270 term = tty_is_vc(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt100";
4276 /* Returns a short identifier for the various VM implementations */
4277 int detect_vm(const char **id) {
4279 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
4281 /* Both CPUID and DMI are x86 specific interfaces... */
4283 static const char *const dmi_vendors[] = {
4284 "/sys/class/dmi/id/sys_vendor",
4285 "/sys/class/dmi/id/board_vendor",
4286 "/sys/class/dmi/id/bios_vendor"
4289 static const char dmi_vendor_table[] =
4291 /* http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1009458 */
4292 "VMware\0" "vmware\0"
4294 "Microsoft Corporation\0" "microsoft\0"
4295 "innotek GmbH\0" "oracle\0"
4297 "Bochs\0" "bochs\0";
4299 static const char cpuid_vendor_table[] =
4300 "XenVMMXenVMM\0" "xen\0"
4301 "KVMKVMKVM\0" "kvm\0"
4302 /* http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1009458 */
4303 "VMwareVMware\0" "vmware\0"
4304 /* http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff542428.aspx */
4305 "Microsoft Hv\0" "microsoft\0";
4316 /* http://lwn.net/Articles/301888/ */
4319 #if defined (__i386__)
4322 #elif defined (__amd64__)
4327 /* First detect whether there is a hypervisor */
4329 __asm__ __volatile__ (
4330 /* ebx/rbx is being used for PIC! */
4331 " push %%"REG_b" \n\t"
4333 " pop %%"REG_b" \n\t"
4335 : "=a" (eax), "=c" (ecx)
4339 hypervisor = !!(ecx & 0x80000000U);
4343 /* There is a hypervisor, see what it is */
4345 __asm__ __volatile__ (
4346 /* ebx/rbx is being used for PIC! */
4347 " push %%"REG_b" \n\t"
4349 " mov %%ebx, %1 \n\t"
4350 " pop %%"REG_b" \n\t"
4352 : "=a" (eax), "=r" (sig.sig32[0]), "=c" (sig.sig32[1]), "=d" (sig.sig32[2])
4356 NULSTR_FOREACH_PAIR(j, k, cpuid_vendor_table)
4357 if (streq(sig.text, j)) {
4366 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(dmi_vendors); i++) {
4369 const char *found = NULL;
4371 if ((r = read_one_line_file(dmi_vendors[i], &s)) < 0) {
4378 NULSTR_FOREACH_PAIR(j, k, dmi_vendor_table)
4379 if (startswith(s, j))
4402 int detect_container(const char **id) {
4405 /* Unfortunately many of these operations require root access
4406 * in one way or another */
4411 if (running_in_chroot() > 0) {
4419 /* /proc/vz exists in container and outside of the container,
4420 * /proc/bc only outside of the container. */
4421 if (access("/proc/vz", F_OK) >= 0 &&
4422 access("/proc/bc", F_OK) < 0) {
4430 if ((f = fopen("/proc/self/cgroup", "re"))) {
4433 char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
4435 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
4438 if (!(p = strchr(strstrip(line), ':')))
4441 if (strncmp(p, ":ns:", 4))
4444 if (!streq(p, ":ns:/")) {
4460 /* Returns a short identifier for the various VM/container implementations */
4461 int detect_virtualization(const char **id) {
4462 static __thread const char *cached_id = NULL;
4466 if (_likely_(cached_id)) {
4468 if (cached_id == (const char*) -1)
4477 if ((r = detect_container(&_id)) != 0)
4480 r = detect_vm(&_id);
4489 cached_id = (const char*) -1;
4494 bool dirent_is_file(struct dirent *de) {
4497 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
4500 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4501 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4502 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4508 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
4511 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4515 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4516 * until all they all finished. */
4519 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
4521 if (errno == ENOENT)
4524 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4531 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
4532 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
4536 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
4541 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4544 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
4545 log_error("Out of memory");
4549 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
4550 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4569 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4570 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4573 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
4575 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
4576 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
4581 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4586 if (waitid(P_ALL, 0, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
4591 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
4595 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
4596 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status)) {
4597 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
4598 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
4600 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
4602 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
4613 hashmap_free_free(pids);
4616 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4619 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4627 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4633 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4634 if (streq(i, needle))
4640 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4641 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4644 void parse_syslog_priority(char **p, int *priority) {
4645 int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
4655 if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
4658 if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
4659 c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4661 } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
4662 b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4663 c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
4665 } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
4666 a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4667 b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
4668 c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
4673 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0)
4676 *priority = a*100+b*10+c;
4680 int have_effective_cap(int value) {
4682 cap_flag_value_t fv;
4685 if (!(cap = cap_get_proc()))
4688 if (cap_get_flag(cap, value, CAP_EFFECTIVE, &fv) < 0)
4697 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4706 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4708 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4709 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4710 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4716 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4722 for (p = s; *p; p++)
4723 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4726 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4732 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s) {
4735 for (p = s, d = s; *p; p++)
4736 if ((*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
4737 (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') ||
4738 (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
4746 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4750 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4751 struct pollfd pollfd;
4756 pollfd.events = POLLIN|POLLHUP;
4758 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4765 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4768 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4779 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4783 fn = file_name_from_path(path);
4787 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
4789 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4795 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4808 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4811 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4817 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4820 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4824 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4825 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4830 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4834 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4835 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4836 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4838 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4841 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4842 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4843 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4845 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4850 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4851 "\033[H" /* move home */
4852 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4854 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4859 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4862 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4869 /* Try to deallocate */
4870 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4874 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4875 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4883 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4885 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4890 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4891 "\033[H" /* move home */
4892 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4894 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4900 static int file_is_conf(const struct dirent *d, const char *suffix) {
4903 if (ignore_file(d->d_name))
4906 if (d->d_type != DT_REG &&
4907 d->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4908 d->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4911 return endswith(d->d_name, suffix);
4914 static int files_add(Hashmap *h, const char *path, const char *suffix) {
4916 struct dirent buffer, *de;
4919 dir = opendir(path);
4921 if (errno == ENOENT)
4930 k = readdir_r(dir, &buffer, &de);
4939 if (!file_is_conf(de, suffix))
4942 if (asprintf(&p, "%s/%s", path, de->d_name) < 0) {
4947 f = canonicalize_file_name(p);
4949 log_error("Failed to canonicalize file name '%s': %m", p);
4955 log_debug("found: %s\n", f);
4956 if (hashmap_put(h, file_name_from_path(f), f) <= 0)
4965 static int base_cmp(const void *a, const void *b) {
4966 const char *s1, *s2;
4968 s1 = *(char * const *)a;
4969 s2 = *(char * const *)b;
4970 return strcmp(file_name_from_path(s1), file_name_from_path(s2));
4973 int conf_files_list(char ***strv, const char *suffix, const char *dir, ...) {
4976 char **files = NULL;
4982 dirs = strv_new_ap(dir, ap);
4988 if (!strv_path_canonicalize(dirs)) {
4992 if (!strv_uniq(dirs)) {
4997 fh = hashmap_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
5003 STRV_FOREACH(p, dirs) {
5004 if (files_add(fh, *p, suffix) < 0) {
5005 log_error("Failed to search for files.");
5011 files = hashmap_get_strv(fh);
5012 if (files == NULL) {
5013 log_error("Failed to compose list of files.");
5018 qsort(files, hashmap_size(fh), sizeof(char *), base_cmp);
5027 int hwclock_is_localtime(void) {
5032 * The third line of adjtime is "UTC" or "LOCAL" or nothing.
5038 f = fopen("/etc/adjtime", "re");
5040 char line[LINE_MAX];
5043 b = fgets(line, sizeof(line), f) &&
5044 fgets(line, sizeof(line), f) &&
5045 fgets(line, sizeof(line), f);
5054 local = streq(line, "LOCAL");
5056 } else if (errno != -ENOENT)
5062 int hwclock_apply_localtime_delta(int *min) {
5063 const struct timeval *tv_null = NULL;
5069 assert_se(clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts) == 0);
5070 assert_se(tm = localtime(&ts.tv_sec));
5071 minuteswest = tm->tm_gmtoff / 60;
5073 tz.tz_minuteswest = -minuteswest;
5074 tz.tz_dsttime = 0; /* DST_NONE*/
5077 * If the hardware clock does not run in UTC, but in local time:
5078 * The very first time we set the kernel's timezone, it will warp
5079 * the clock so that it runs in UTC instead of local time.
5081 if (settimeofday(tv_null, &tz) < 0)
5088 int hwclock_reset_localtime_delta(void) {
5089 const struct timeval *tv_null = NULL;
5092 tz.tz_minuteswest = 0;
5093 tz.tz_dsttime = 0; /* DST_NONE*/
5095 if (settimeofday(tv_null, &tz) < 0)
5101 int hwclock_get_time(struct tm *tm) {
5107 fd = open("/dev/rtc0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
5111 /* This leaves the timezone fields of struct tm
5113 if (ioctl(fd, RTC_RD_TIME, tm) < 0)
5116 /* We don't now daylight saving, so we reset this in order not
5117 * to confused mktime(). */
5120 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5125 int hwclock_set_time(const struct tm *tm) {
5131 fd = open("/dev/rtc0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
5135 if (ioctl(fd, RTC_SET_TIME, tm) < 0)
5138 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5143 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
5149 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5153 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
5155 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
5163 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
5167 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
5178 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
5180 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
5182 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
5190 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
5191 r = close_nointr(fdt);
5201 int symlink_or_copy(const char *from, const char *to) {
5202 char *pf = NULL, *pt = NULL;
5209 if (parent_of_path(from, &pf) < 0 ||
5210 parent_of_path(to, &pt) < 0) {
5215 if (stat(pf, &a) < 0 ||
5221 if (a.st_dev != b.st_dev) {
5225 return copy_file(from, to);
5228 if (symlink(from, to) < 0) {
5242 int symlink_or_copy_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
5246 unsigned long long ull;
5253 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
5257 fn = file_name_from_path(to);
5261 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
5264 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
5265 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
5271 r = symlink_or_copy(from, t);
5278 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
5289 int audit_session_from_pid(pid_t pid, uint32_t *id) {
5297 if (have_effective_cap(CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL) <= 0)
5300 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/sessionid", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
5303 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
5308 r = safe_atou32(s, &u);
5314 if (u == (uint32_t) -1 || u <= 0)
5321 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
5325 display[0] == ':' &&
5326 display[1] >= '0' &&
5330 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
5337 if (!display_is_local(display))
5340 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
5342 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
5346 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
5347 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
5355 int get_user_creds(const char **username, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, const char **home) {
5362 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
5363 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
5365 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
5379 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
5383 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
5384 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
5385 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
5386 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
5387 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
5389 *username = p->pw_name;
5392 p = getpwnam(*username);
5396 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5410 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
5416 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
5417 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
5419 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
5420 *groupname = "root";
5428 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
5433 *groupname = g->gr_name;
5436 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
5440 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5448 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
5456 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
5458 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
5460 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
5463 r = !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
5465 r = errno ? -errno : -EIO;
5472 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
5478 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
5481 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
5485 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
5486 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
5487 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
5488 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
5489 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
5490 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
5491 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
5497 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
5501 r = parent_of_path(path, &parent);
5507 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5508 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
5519 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
5527 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
5528 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
5533 struct dirent buffer, *de;
5536 k = readdir_r(d, &buffer, &de);
5545 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
5547 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
5551 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
5555 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
5564 assert((unsigned) r < n);
5566 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
5590 char *join(const char *x, ...) {
5603 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5626 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5638 bool is_main_thread(void) {
5639 static __thread int cached = 0;
5641 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
5642 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
5647 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
5654 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
5655 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5658 r = access(p, F_OK);
5666 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
5667 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5670 r = access(p, F_OK);
5676 /* Get parent dev_t */
5677 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5680 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
5686 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
5692 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
5693 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
5696 r = access(p, F_OK);
5700 *ret = makedev(m, n);
5707 int file_is_sticky(const char *p) {
5712 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
5717 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
5720 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
5721 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
5722 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
5723 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
5724 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
5727 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class, int);
5729 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
5730 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
5731 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
5732 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
5733 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
5734 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
5735 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
5738 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
5740 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
5741 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
5742 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
5743 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
5744 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
5745 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
5746 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
5747 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
5748 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
5749 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
5750 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
5751 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
5752 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5753 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5754 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5755 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5756 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5757 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5758 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5759 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5760 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5763 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility_unshifted, int);
5765 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5766 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5767 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5768 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5770 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5771 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5772 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5773 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5776 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level, int);
5778 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5779 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5780 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5781 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5782 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5786 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy, int);
5788 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
5789 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5790 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5791 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5792 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5793 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5794 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5795 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5796 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5797 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5798 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5799 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5800 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5801 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5802 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5803 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5804 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5807 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5809 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5810 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5811 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5812 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5813 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5816 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ip_tos, int);
5818 static const char *const signal_table[] = {
5835 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5846 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5848 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5854 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(signal, int);
5856 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5857 bool loaded = false;
5860 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {