1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
53 #include <sys/capability.h>
55 #include <linux/rtc.h>
67 #include "exit-status.h"
71 char **saved_argv = NULL;
73 size_t page_size(void) {
74 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
77 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
80 assert_se((r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)) > 0);
87 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
89 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
100 usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) {
103 assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0);
105 return timespec_load(&ts);
108 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts) {
111 ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
112 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
117 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_realtime(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u) {
126 delta = (int64_t) now(CLOCK_REALTIME) - (int64_t) u;
128 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
130 if ((int64_t) ts->monotonic > delta)
131 ts->monotonic -= delta;
139 usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) {
143 (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
144 (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
147 struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u) {
150 ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
151 ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC);
156 usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) {
160 (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
161 (usec_t) tv->tv_usec;
164 struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) {
167 tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
168 tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC);
173 bool endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
180 pl = strlen(postfix);
188 return memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) == 0;
191 bool startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
206 return memcmp(s, prefix, pl) == 0;
209 bool startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
225 for(i = 0; i < pl; ++i) {
226 if (tolower(s[i]) != tolower(prefix[i]))
233 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
248 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
252 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
255 int close_nointr(int fd) {
270 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
271 int saved_errno = errno;
273 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
276 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
281 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
284 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
285 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
288 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
291 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on"))
293 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off"))
299 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
300 unsigned long ul = 0;
307 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
312 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
322 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
323 unsigned long ul = 0;
330 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
335 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
342 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
350 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
352 if (!x || *x || errno)
353 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
355 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
358 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
362 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
370 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
372 if (!x || *x || errno)
373 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
375 if ((long) (int) l != l)
382 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
384 unsigned long long l;
390 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
392 if (!x || *x || errno)
393 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
399 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
407 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
409 if (!x || *x || errno)
410 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
416 /* Split a string into words. */
417 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
420 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
422 if (!*current || *c == 0)
425 current += strspn(current, separator);
426 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
429 return (char*) current;
432 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
433 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
434 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
436 bool escaped = false;
438 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
440 if (!*current || *c == 0)
443 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
445 if (*current == '\'') {
448 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
458 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
459 } else if (*current == '\"') {
462 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
472 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
474 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
479 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
486 return (char*) current;
489 char **split_path_and_make_absolute(const char *p) {
493 if (!(l = strv_split(p, ":")))
496 if (!strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(l)) {
504 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
507 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
513 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
516 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
519 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
520 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
527 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
528 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
529 * skip over it manually */
531 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
542 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
545 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
550 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
553 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
558 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
561 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
564 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
565 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
572 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
573 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
574 * skip over it manually */
576 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
597 "%*d " /* priority */
599 "%*d " /* num_threads */
600 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
601 "%llu " /* starttime */,
608 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) {
615 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "we")))
619 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
624 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
642 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
647 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
653 int write_one_line_file_atomic(const char *fn, const char *line) {
661 r = fopen_temporary(fn, &f, &p);
665 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
668 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
673 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
684 if (rename(p, fn) < 0)
700 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
703 char t[LINE_MAX], *c;
708 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
711 if (!(fgets(t, sizeof(t), f))) {
712 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
716 if (!(c = strdup(t))) {
731 int read_full_file(const char *fn, char **contents, size_t *size) {
738 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
741 if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0) {
747 if (st.st_size > 4*1024*1024) {
752 n = st.st_size > 0 ? st.st_size : LINE_MAX;
759 if (!(t = realloc(buf, n+1))) {
765 k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f);
780 if (n > 4*1024*1024) {
804 const char *separator, ...) {
807 char *contents = NULL, *p;
812 if ((r = read_full_file(fname, &contents, NULL)) < 0)
817 const char *key = NULL;
819 p += strspn(p, separator);
820 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
825 if (!strchr(COMMENTS, *p)) {
829 va_start(ap, separator);
830 while ((key = va_arg(ap, char *))) {
834 value = va_arg(ap, char **);
837 if (strncmp(p, key, n) != 0 ||
842 n = strcspn(p, separator);
845 strchr(QUOTES, p[0]) &&
847 v = strndup(p+1, n-2);
858 /* return empty value strings as NULL */
875 p += strcspn(p, separator);
894 if (!(f = fopen(fname, "re")))
898 char l[LINE_MAX], *p, *u;
901 if (!fgets(l, sizeof(l), f)) {
914 if (strchr(COMMENTS, *p))
917 if (!(u = normalize_env_assignment(p))) {
918 log_error("Out of memory");
923 t = strv_append(m, u);
927 log_error("Out of memory");
950 int write_env_file(const char *fname, char **l) {
955 r = fopen_temporary(fname, &f, &p);
959 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
975 if (rename(p, fname) < 0)
990 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
993 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
997 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
1003 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/comm", name);
1006 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1009 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
1016 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
1023 assert(max_length > 0);
1027 f = fopen("/proc/self/cmdline", "re");
1030 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1040 r = new(char, max_length);
1048 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
1070 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
1071 memcpy(k, "...", n);
1078 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
1088 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
1092 r = join("[", t, "]", NULL);
1103 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
1109 r = readlink_malloc("/proc/self/exe", name);
1112 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/exe", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1115 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
1122 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
1130 return strndup(suffix, b);
1140 if (!(r = new(char, a+b+1)))
1144 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
1150 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
1151 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
1154 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
1164 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
1167 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
1173 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1184 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1191 if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
1194 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1204 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1211 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1215 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1222 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1227 int parent_of_path(const char *path, char **_r) {
1228 const char *e, *a = NULL, *b = NULL, *p;
1238 for (e = path; *e; e++) {
1240 if (!slash && *e == '/') {
1244 } else if (slash && *e != '/')
1259 r = strndup(path, p-path);
1269 char *file_name_from_path(const char *p) {
1274 if ((r = strrchr(p, '/')))
1280 bool path_is_absolute(const char *p) {
1286 bool is_path(const char *p) {
1288 return !!strchr(p, '/');
1291 char *path_make_absolute(const char *p, const char *prefix) {
1294 /* Makes every item in the list an absolute path by prepending
1295 * the prefix, if specified and necessary */
1297 if (path_is_absolute(p) || !prefix)
1300 return join(prefix, "/", p, NULL);
1303 char *path_make_absolute_cwd(const char *p) {
1308 /* Similar to path_make_absolute(), but prefixes with the
1309 * current working directory. */
1311 if (path_is_absolute(p))
1314 if (!(cwd = get_current_dir_name()))
1317 r = path_make_absolute(p, cwd);
1323 char **strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(char **l) {
1326 /* Goes through every item in the string list and makes it
1327 * absolute. This works in place and won't rollback any
1328 * changes on failure. */
1330 STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
1333 if (!(t = path_make_absolute_cwd(*s)))
1343 char **strv_path_canonicalize(char **l) {
1346 bool enomem = false;
1348 if (strv_isempty(l))
1351 /* Goes through every item in the string list and canonicalize
1352 * the path. This works in place and won't rollback any
1353 * changes on failure. */
1355 STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
1358 t = path_make_absolute_cwd(*s);
1367 u = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1371 if (errno == ENOMEM || !errno)
1388 char **strv_path_remove_empty(char **l) {
1394 for (f = t = l; *f; f++) {
1396 if (dir_is_empty(*f) > 0) {
1408 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1411 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1412 struct sigaction sa;
1414 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1418 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
1419 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1421 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1422 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1423 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1424 if (errno != EINVAL)
1431 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1434 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1435 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1437 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1439 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1440 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1448 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1451 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1453 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1454 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1465 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
1471 for (i = s; *i; i++)
1472 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
1478 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1485 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1486 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1489 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1490 return strdup(filename);
1492 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1493 return strdup(filename);
1495 k = strlen(filename);
1496 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1499 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1500 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1505 int safe_mkdir(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
1508 if (label_mkdir(path, mode) >= 0)
1509 if (chmod_and_chown(path, mode, uid, gid) < 0)
1512 if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
1515 if ((st.st_mode & 0777) != mode ||
1518 !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
1527 int mkdir_parents(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
1532 /* Creates every parent directory in the path except the last
1535 p = path + strspn(path, "/");
1540 e = p + strcspn(p, "/");
1541 p = e + strspn(e, "/");
1543 /* Is this the last component? If so, then we're
1548 if (!(t = strndup(path, e - path)))
1551 r = label_mkdir(t, mode);
1554 if (r < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
1559 int mkdir_p(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
1564 if ((r = mkdir_parents(path, mode)) < 0)
1567 if (label_mkdir(path, mode) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
1573 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1582 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1583 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1589 /* Skip last component */
1590 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1593 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1594 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1600 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1603 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1612 if (errno != ENOENT)
1620 char hexchar(int x) {
1621 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1623 return table[x & 15];
1626 int unhexchar(char c) {
1628 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1631 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1632 return c - 'a' + 10;
1634 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1635 return c - 'A' + 10;
1640 char octchar(int x) {
1641 return '0' + (x & 7);
1644 int unoctchar(char c) {
1646 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1652 char decchar(int x) {
1653 return '0' + (x % 10);
1656 int undecchar(char c) {
1658 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1664 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1670 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1672 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1)))
1675 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1721 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1722 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1723 * g_strescape() does the same */
1724 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1726 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1727 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1728 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1739 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1745 /* Undoes C style string escaping */
1747 if (!(r = new(char, length+1)))
1750 for (f = s, t = r; f < s + length; f++) {
1793 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1798 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1801 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1802 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1803 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1807 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1822 /* octal encoding */
1825 if ((a = unoctchar(f[0])) < 0 ||
1826 (b = unoctchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1827 (c = unoctchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1828 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1832 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1840 /* premature end of string.*/
1845 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1857 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1858 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1861 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1865 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1866 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1869 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4+1)))
1872 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1874 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1875 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1878 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1879 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1889 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1895 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1896 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1898 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1)))
1901 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1903 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1904 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1905 !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1907 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1908 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1918 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1923 if (!(r = strdup(f)))
1926 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1931 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1932 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1933 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1936 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1948 char *path_kill_slashes(char *path) {
1952 /* Removes redundant inner and trailing slashes. Modifies the
1953 * passed string in-place.
1955 * ///foo///bar/ becomes /foo/bar
1958 for (f = path, t = path; *f; f++) {
1973 /* Special rule, if we are talking of the root directory, a
1974 trailing slash is good */
1976 if (t == path && slash)
1983 bool path_startswith(const char *path, const char *prefix) {
1987 if ((path[0] == '/') != (prefix[0] == '/'))
1993 path += strspn(path, "/");
1994 prefix += strspn(prefix, "/");
2002 a = strcspn(path, "/");
2003 b = strcspn(prefix, "/");
2008 if (memcmp(path, prefix, a) != 0)
2016 bool path_equal(const char *a, const char *b) {
2020 if ((a[0] == '/') != (b[0] == '/'))
2026 a += strspn(a, "/");
2027 b += strspn(b, "/");
2029 if (*a == 0 && *b == 0)
2032 if (*a == 0 || *b == 0)
2035 j = strcspn(a, "/");
2036 k = strcspn(b, "/");
2041 if (memcmp(a, b, j) != 0)
2049 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
2054 for (p = t; *p; p++)
2055 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
2056 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
2061 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
2065 filename[0] == '.' ||
2066 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
2067 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
2068 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
2069 endswith(filename, "~") ||
2070 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
2071 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
2072 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
2073 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
2074 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
2075 endswith(filename, ".swp");
2078 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
2083 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
2087 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
2089 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
2091 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
2097 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
2102 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
2106 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
2108 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
2110 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
2116 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
2121 if (!(d = opendir("/proc/self/fd")))
2124 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
2127 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
2130 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
2131 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
2145 for (i = 0; i < n_except; i++)
2146 if (except[i] == fd) {
2155 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
2156 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
2157 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
2166 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
2169 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
2170 for (p = a; *p; p++)
2177 char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2187 sec = (time_t) (t / USEC_PER_SEC);
2189 if (strftime(buf, l, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", localtime_r(&sec, &tm)) <= 0)
2195 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2198 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2200 if (t <= 0 || t > n || t + USEC_PER_DAY*7 <= t)
2205 if (d >= USEC_PER_YEAR)
2206 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu years and %llu months ago",
2207 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_YEAR),
2208 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_YEAR) / USEC_PER_MONTH));
2209 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MONTH)
2210 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu months and %llu days ago",
2211 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MONTH),
2212 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MONTH) / USEC_PER_DAY));
2213 else if (d >= USEC_PER_WEEK)
2214 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago",
2215 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_WEEK),
2216 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_WEEK) / USEC_PER_DAY));
2217 else if (d >= 2*USEC_PER_DAY)
2218 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_DAY));
2219 else if (d >= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR)
2220 snprintf(buf, l, "1 day and %lluh ago",
2221 (unsigned long long) ((d - USEC_PER_DAY) / USEC_PER_HOUR));
2222 else if (d >= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR)
2223 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh ago",
2224 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR));
2225 else if (d >= USEC_PER_HOUR)
2226 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh %llumin ago",
2227 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR),
2228 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_HOUR) / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
2229 else if (d >= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
2230 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin ago",
2231 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
2232 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MINUTE)
2233 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin %llus ago",
2234 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE),
2235 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MINUTE) / USEC_PER_SEC));
2236 else if (d >= USEC_PER_SEC)
2237 snprintf(buf, l, "%llus ago",
2238 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_SEC));
2239 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MSEC)
2240 snprintf(buf, l, "%llums ago",
2241 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MSEC));
2243 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluus ago",
2244 (unsigned long long) d);
2246 snprintf(buf, l, "now");
2252 char *format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2253 static const struct {
2257 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2258 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2259 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2260 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2261 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2262 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2272 if (t == (usec_t) -1)
2276 snprintf(p, l, "0");
2281 /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */
2283 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
2287 if (t < table[i].usec)
2293 k = snprintf(p, l, "%s%llu%s", p > buf ? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].usec), table[i].suffix);
2294 n = MIN((size_t) k, l);
2307 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
2308 static const char * const table[] = {
2320 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2321 if (streq(table[i], fstype))
2330 if ((fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2335 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
2339 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0) {
2344 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
2347 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
2351 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2355 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, bool *need_nl) {
2356 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
2358 char line[LINE_MAX];
2363 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
2364 new_termios = old_termios;
2366 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
2367 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2368 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2370 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
2373 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
2375 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2381 *need_nl = c != '\n';
2388 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)))
2393 if (strlen(line) != 1)
2403 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
2410 on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
2416 bool need_nl = true;
2419 fputs("\x1B[1m", stdout);
2426 fputs("\x1B[0m", stdout);
2430 if ((r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, &need_nl)) < 0) {
2432 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
2433 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
2444 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
2449 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
2453 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd) {
2454 struct termios termios;
2458 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
2462 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
2463 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
2464 * interfere with that. */
2466 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
2467 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
2469 /* Enable console unicode mode */
2471 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, &arg);
2473 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
2478 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
2479 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
2480 * else will do that for us */
2482 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
2483 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
2484 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
2485 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
2486 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
2488 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
2489 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
2490 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
2491 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
2492 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
2493 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
2494 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
2495 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
2496 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
2497 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
2498 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
2499 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
2500 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
2502 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2503 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2505 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2509 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2510 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2515 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
2518 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2522 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd);
2523 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2528 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2533 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2534 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2535 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2536 * retrying a couple of times.
2538 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2542 if ((fd = open(name, mode)) >= 0)
2551 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2558 if ((r = isatty(fd)) < 0) {
2559 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2564 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2571 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2572 struct pollfd pollfd;
2576 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2583 if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) {
2594 if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) {
2599 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2610 int acquire_terminal(const char *name, bool fail, bool force, bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm) {
2611 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r, wd = -1;
2615 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2616 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2617 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2619 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2620 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2621 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2622 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2623 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2624 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2625 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2626 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2628 if (!fail && !force) {
2629 if ((notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
2634 if ((wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE)) < 0) {
2642 if ((r = flush_fd(notify)) < 0)
2645 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2646 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2647 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2648 if ((fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2651 /* First, try to get the tty */
2652 r = ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force);
2654 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2655 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2656 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2657 if (r < 0 && errno == EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2660 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || errno != EPERM)) {
2670 assert(notify >= 0);
2673 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2675 struct inotify_event *e;
2677 if ((l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer))) < 0) {
2686 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2691 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2696 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2697 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2699 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2706 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2707 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2708 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2709 * an endless loop. */
2710 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2714 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2716 if ((r = reset_terminal_fd(fd)) < 0)
2717 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2723 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2726 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2731 int release_terminal(void) {
2733 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2735 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2738 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2739 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2742 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2743 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2744 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2746 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2749 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2751 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2755 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2760 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2761 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2768 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2769 struct sigaction sa;
2774 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2775 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2777 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2781 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2782 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2789 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2790 struct sigaction sa;
2795 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
2796 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2798 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2802 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2803 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2810 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2816 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2821 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2825 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2828 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2837 while (nbytes > 0) {
2840 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2842 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2845 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2846 struct pollfd pollfd;
2850 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2852 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2856 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2859 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2860 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2865 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2876 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2885 while (nbytes > 0) {
2888 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2891 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2894 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2895 struct pollfd pollfd;
2899 pollfd.events = POLLOUT;
2901 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2905 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2908 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2909 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2914 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2925 int path_is_mount_point(const char *t, bool allow_symlink) {
2936 if (errno == ENOENT)
2942 r = parent_of_path(t, &parent);
2946 r = lstat(parent, &b);
2952 return a.st_dev != b.st_dev;
2955 int parse_usec(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
2956 static const struct {
2960 { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC },
2961 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2962 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2963 { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2964 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2965 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2966 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2967 { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2968 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2969 { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2972 { "", USEC_PER_SEC },
2988 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2999 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
3001 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
3002 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
3003 r += (usec_t) l * table[i].usec;
3004 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
3008 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
3018 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
3019 static const struct {
3025 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
3026 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
3027 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
3044 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
3055 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
3057 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
3058 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
3059 r += (off_t) l * table[i].factor;
3060 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
3064 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
3074 int make_stdio(int fd) {
3079 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
3080 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
3081 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
3084 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3086 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
3089 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
3090 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
3091 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
3096 int make_null_stdio(void) {
3099 if ((null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
3102 return make_stdio(null_fd);
3105 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
3107 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
3108 * sysfs or in /dev */
3111 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
3112 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
3115 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
3118 struct dirent buf, *de;
3120 if (!(d = opendir(path)))
3124 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) > 0) {
3134 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name)) {
3144 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
3149 if ((fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
3152 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
3153 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3155 if (r != sizeof(ull))
3161 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
3164 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
3167 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
3169 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). The string
3170 * passed should fit in 7 chars (i.e. the length of
3173 if (program_invocation_name)
3174 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
3176 if (saved_argc > 0) {
3180 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
3182 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
3186 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
3191 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
3198 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
3199 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
3203 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
3206 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3209 return strdup(u.nodename);
3211 return strdup(u.sysname);
3214 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
3218 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
3221 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
3226 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
3228 return strdup("root");
3230 if ((bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX)) <= 0)
3233 if (!(buf = malloc(bufsize)))
3236 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw) {
3237 name = strdup(pw->pw_name);
3244 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
3250 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
3251 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
3256 if ((k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path))) != 0)
3261 if (!(c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path)))
3268 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
3272 if ((k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s)) < 0)
3275 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
3277 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
3284 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
3286 char line[LINE_MAX], *p, *fn;
3287 unsigned long ttynr;
3290 if (asprintf(&fn, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) (pid <= 0 ? getpid() : pid)) < 0)
3293 f = fopen(fn, "re");
3298 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
3299 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
3306 p = strrchr(line, ')');
3316 "%*d " /* session */
3325 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
3327 char fn[PATH_MAX], *s, *b, *p;
3332 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
3336 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
3339 if ((k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s)) < 0) {
3344 /* This is an ugly hack */
3345 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
3346 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
3356 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
3357 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
3358 * vaguely useful. */
3360 if (!(b = strdup(fn + 5)))
3370 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
3372 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
3390 static int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky) {
3396 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
3399 if (!(d = fdopendir(fd))) {
3400 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3402 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
3406 struct dirent buf, *de;
3407 bool is_dir, keep_around = false;
3410 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) != 0) {
3419 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
3422 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN) {
3425 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3426 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3432 keep_around = st.st_uid == 0 && (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3434 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3437 if (honour_sticky) {
3440 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3441 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3446 keep_around = st.st_uid == 0 && (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3449 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3455 if ((subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
3456 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3461 if ((r = rm_rf_children(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky)) < 0) {
3467 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3468 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3472 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3474 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3475 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3486 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3492 if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
3494 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
3497 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3498 if (unlink(path) < 0)
3504 r = rm_rf_children(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky);
3508 if (honour_sticky && file_is_sticky(path) > 0)
3511 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3520 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3523 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3524 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3525 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3527 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3530 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3536 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3539 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3540 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3541 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3543 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3546 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3552 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3556 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3559 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3562 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3563 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3573 if (errno != EINVAL)
3580 void status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3581 char *s = NULL, *spaces = NULL, *e;
3583 size_t emax, sl, left;
3584 struct iovec iovec[5];
3589 /* This independent of logging, as status messages are
3590 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3592 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3595 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3605 sl = 2 + 6 + 1; /* " [" status "]" */
3606 emax = (size_t) c > sl ? c - sl - 1 : 0;
3610 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3618 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3622 left = emax > sl ? emax - sl : 0;
3624 spaces = malloc(left);
3626 memset(spaces, ' ', left);
3627 iovec[n].iov_base = spaces;
3628 iovec[n].iov_len = left;
3635 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], " [");
3636 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3637 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "]\n");
3639 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3641 writev(fd, iovec, n);
3648 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3651 void status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, ...) {
3656 va_start(ap, format);
3657 status_vprintf(status, ellipse, format, ap);
3661 void status_welcome(void) {
3662 char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3663 const char *const_pretty = NULL, *const_color = NULL;
3666 if ((r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3667 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3668 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3672 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3675 #if defined(TARGET_FEDORA)
3677 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/system-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3680 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/system-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3684 if (!ansi_color && pretty_name) {
3686 /* This tries to mimic the color magic the old Red Hat sysinit
3689 if (startswith(pretty_name, "Red Hat"))
3690 const_color = "0;31"; /* Red for RHEL */
3691 else if (startswith(pretty_name, "Fedora"))
3692 const_color = "0;34"; /* Blue for Fedora */
3695 #elif defined(TARGET_SUSE)
3698 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/SuSE-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3701 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/SuSE-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3706 const_color = "0;32"; /* Green for openSUSE */
3708 #elif defined(TARGET_GENTOO)
3711 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/gentoo-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3714 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/gentoo-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3719 const_color = "1;34"; /* Light Blue for Gentoo */
3721 #elif defined(TARGET_ALTLINUX)
3724 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/altlinux-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3727 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/altlinux-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3732 const_color = "0;36"; /* Cyan for ALTLinux */
3735 #elif defined(TARGET_DEBIAN)
3740 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/debian_version", &version)) < 0) {
3743 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/debian_version: %s", strerror(-r));
3745 pretty_name = strappend("Debian ", version);
3749 log_warning("Failed to allocate Debian version string.");
3754 const_color = "1;31"; /* Light Red for Debian */
3756 #elif defined(TARGET_UBUNTU)
3758 if ((r = parse_env_file("/etc/lsb-release", NEWLINE,
3759 "DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION", &pretty_name,
3763 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/lsb-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3767 const_color = "0;33"; /* Orange/Brown for Ubuntu */
3769 #elif defined(TARGET_MANDRIVA)
3774 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/mandriva-release", &s) < 0)) {
3776 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/mandriva-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3778 p = strstr(s, " release ");
3782 p[strcspn(p, " ")] = '\0';
3784 /* This corresponds to standard rc.sysinit */
3785 if (asprintf(&pretty_name, "%s\x1B[0;39m %s", s, p) > 0)
3786 const_color = "1;36";
3788 log_warning("Failed to allocate Mandriva version string.");
3790 log_warning("Failed to parse /etc/mandriva-release");
3794 #elif defined(TARGET_MEEGO)
3797 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/meego-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3800 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/meego-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3805 const_color = "1;35"; /* Bright Magenta for MeeGo */
3808 if (!pretty_name && !const_pretty)
3809 const_pretty = "Linux";
3811 if (!ansi_color && !const_color)
3816 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3817 const_color ? const_color : ansi_color,
3818 const_pretty ? const_pretty : pretty_name);
3824 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3831 const char *e, *word = format;
3836 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3847 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3856 } else if (*e == '$') {
3857 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3873 if (!(t = strv_env_get_with_length(env, word+2, e-word-2)))
3876 if (!(k = strappend(r, t)))
3889 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3900 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3902 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3904 l = strv_length(argv);
3906 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3909 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3911 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3912 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3917 if ((e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1))) {
3919 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3930 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3939 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3947 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3948 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3958 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3962 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3971 unsigned columns(void) {
3972 static __thread int parsed_columns = 0;
3975 if (_likely_(parsed_columns > 0))
3976 return parsed_columns;
3978 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3980 parsed_columns = atoi(e);
3982 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3983 parsed_columns = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3985 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3986 parsed_columns = 80;
3988 return parsed_columns;
3991 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3997 /* Only works as root */
3999 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
4002 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
4006 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
4007 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
4010 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
4015 assert(percent <= 100);
4016 assert(new_length >= 3);
4018 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
4019 return strndup(s, old_length);
4021 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
4025 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
4027 if (x > new_length - 3)
4035 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
4036 new_length - x - 3);
4041 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
4042 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
4045 int touch(const char *path) {
4050 if ((fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644)) < 0)
4053 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4057 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
4061 if ((l = strlen(s)) < 2)
4064 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
4065 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
4070 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
4071 char *name, *value, *p, *r;
4076 if (!(r = strdup(s)))
4082 if (!(name = strndup(s, p - s)))
4085 if (!(p = strdup(p+1))) {
4090 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
4098 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", name, value) < 0)
4107 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
4118 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
4130 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
4137 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0) {
4138 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
4142 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
4143 if (status.si_status != 0) {
4144 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
4145 return status.si_status;
4148 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
4151 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
4152 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
4154 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
4158 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
4165 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
4166 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
4174 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
4177 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
4180 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
4186 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
4191 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
4194 return null_or_empty(&st);
4197 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
4201 if ((nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags)) < 0)
4204 if (!(d = fdopendir(nfd))) {
4205 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
4212 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
4216 if ((signo = signal_from_string(s)) <= 0)
4217 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
4218 return signal_from_string(s+3);
4223 void dual_timestamp_serialize(FILE *f, const char *name, dual_timestamp *t) {
4229 if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(t))
4232 fprintf(f, "%s=%llu %llu\n",
4234 (unsigned long long) t->realtime,
4235 (unsigned long long) t->monotonic);
4238 void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value, dual_timestamp *t) {
4239 unsigned long long a, b;
4244 if (sscanf(value, "%lli %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
4245 log_debug("Failed to parse finish timestamp value %s", value);
4252 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
4256 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
4257 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
4259 if (startswith(p, "LABEL=")) {
4261 if (!(u = unquote(p+6, "\"\'")))
4264 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
4270 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-label/%s", t);
4279 if (startswith(p, "UUID=")) {
4281 if (!(u = unquote(p+5, "\"\'")))
4284 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
4290 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-uuid/%s", t);
4302 void filter_environ(const char *prefix) {
4309 for (i = 0, j = 0; environ[i]; i++) {
4311 if (startswith(environ[i], prefix))
4314 environ[j++] = environ[i];
4320 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
4323 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4326 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
4329 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
4334 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4337 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
4340 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
4343 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
4347 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
4353 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4354 char *active = NULL;
4359 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4362 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing when determining
4364 if (streq(tty, "console"))
4365 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active) >= 0) {
4366 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the
4367 * last one is what /dev/console points to */
4368 if ((tty = strrchr(active, ' ')))
4374 term = tty_is_vc(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt100";
4380 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
4383 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
4386 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4387 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4388 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4394 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4397 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4400 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4403 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
4406 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4410 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4411 * until all they all finished. */
4414 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
4416 if (errno == ENOENT)
4419 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4426 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
4427 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
4431 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
4436 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4439 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
4440 log_error("Out of memory");
4444 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
4445 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4464 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4465 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4468 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
4470 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
4471 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
4476 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4481 if (waitid(P_ALL, 0, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
4486 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
4490 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
4491 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status)) {
4492 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
4493 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
4495 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
4497 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
4508 hashmap_free_free(pids);
4511 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4514 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4522 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4528 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4529 if (streq(i, needle))
4535 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4536 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4539 void parse_syslog_priority(char **p, int *priority) {
4540 int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
4550 if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
4553 if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
4554 c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4556 } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
4557 b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4558 c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
4560 } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
4561 a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4562 b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
4563 c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
4568 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0)
4571 *priority = a*100+b*10+c;
4575 void skip_syslog_pid(char **buf) {
4587 p += strspn(p, "0123456789");
4597 void skip_syslog_date(char **buf) {
4605 LETTER, LETTER, LETTER,
4607 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4609 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4611 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4613 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4625 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(sequence); i++, p++) {
4630 switch (sequence[i]) {
4637 case SPACE_OR_NUMBER:
4644 if (*p < '0' || *p > '9')
4650 if (!(*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') &&
4651 !(*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z'))
4667 int have_effective_cap(int value) {
4669 cap_flag_value_t fv;
4672 if (!(cap = cap_get_proc()))
4675 if (cap_get_flag(cap, value, CAP_EFFECTIVE, &fv) < 0)
4684 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4693 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4695 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4696 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4697 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4703 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4709 for (p = s; *p; p++)
4710 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4713 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4719 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s) {
4722 for (p = s, d = s; *p; p++)
4723 if ((*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
4724 (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') ||
4725 (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
4733 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4737 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4738 struct pollfd pollfd;
4743 pollfd.events = POLLIN|POLLHUP;
4745 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4752 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4755 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event) {
4756 struct pollfd pollfd;
4761 pollfd.events = event;
4763 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, -1);
4770 return pollfd.revents;
4773 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4784 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4788 fn = file_name_from_path(path);
4792 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
4794 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4800 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4813 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4816 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4822 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4825 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4829 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4830 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4835 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4839 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4840 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4841 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4843 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4846 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4847 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4848 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4850 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4855 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4856 "\033[H" /* move home */
4857 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4859 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4864 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4867 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4874 /* Try to deallocate */
4875 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4879 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4880 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4888 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4890 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4895 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4896 "\033[H" /* move home */
4897 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4899 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4904 static int files_add(Hashmap *h, const char *path, const char *suffix) {
4906 struct dirent buffer, *de;
4909 dir = opendir(path);
4911 if (errno == ENOENT)
4920 k = readdir_r(dir, &buffer, &de);
4929 if (!dirent_is_file_with_suffix(de, suffix))
4932 if (asprintf(&p, "%s/%s", path, de->d_name) < 0) {
4937 f = canonicalize_file_name(p);
4939 log_error("Failed to canonicalize file name '%s': %m", p);
4945 log_debug("found: %s\n", f);
4946 if (hashmap_put(h, file_name_from_path(f), f) <= 0)
4955 static int base_cmp(const void *a, const void *b) {
4956 const char *s1, *s2;
4958 s1 = *(char * const *)a;
4959 s2 = *(char * const *)b;
4960 return strcmp(file_name_from_path(s1), file_name_from_path(s2));
4963 int conf_files_list(char ***strv, const char *suffix, const char *dir, ...) {
4966 char **files = NULL;
4972 dirs = strv_new_ap(dir, ap);
4978 if (!strv_path_canonicalize(dirs)) {
4982 if (!strv_uniq(dirs)) {
4987 fh = hashmap_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
4993 STRV_FOREACH(p, dirs) {
4994 if (files_add(fh, *p, suffix) < 0) {
4995 log_error("Failed to search for files.");
5001 files = hashmap_get_strv(fh);
5002 if (files == NULL) {
5003 log_error("Failed to compose list of files.");
5008 qsort(files, hashmap_size(fh), sizeof(char *), base_cmp);
5017 int hwclock_is_localtime(void) {
5022 * The third line of adjtime is "UTC" or "LOCAL" or nothing.
5028 f = fopen("/etc/adjtime", "re");
5030 char line[LINE_MAX];
5033 b = fgets(line, sizeof(line), f) &&
5034 fgets(line, sizeof(line), f) &&
5035 fgets(line, sizeof(line), f);
5044 local = streq(line, "LOCAL");
5046 } else if (errno != -ENOENT)
5052 int hwclock_apply_localtime_delta(int *min) {
5053 const struct timeval *tv_null = NULL;
5059 assert_se(clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts) == 0);
5060 assert_se(tm = localtime(&ts.tv_sec));
5061 minuteswest = tm->tm_gmtoff / 60;
5063 tz.tz_minuteswest = -minuteswest;
5064 tz.tz_dsttime = 0; /* DST_NONE*/
5067 * If the hardware clock does not run in UTC, but in local time:
5068 * The very first time we set the kernel's timezone, it will warp
5069 * the clock so that it runs in UTC instead of local time.
5071 if (settimeofday(tv_null, &tz) < 0)
5078 int hwclock_reset_localtime_delta(void) {
5079 const struct timeval *tv_null = NULL;
5082 tz.tz_minuteswest = 0;
5083 tz.tz_dsttime = 0; /* DST_NONE*/
5085 if (settimeofday(tv_null, &tz) < 0)
5091 int hwclock_get_time(struct tm *tm) {
5097 fd = open("/dev/rtc0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
5101 /* This leaves the timezone fields of struct tm
5103 if (ioctl(fd, RTC_RD_TIME, tm) < 0)
5106 /* We don't now daylight saving, so we reset this in order not
5107 * to confused mktime(). */
5110 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5115 int hwclock_set_time(const struct tm *tm) {
5121 fd = open("/dev/rtc0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
5125 if (ioctl(fd, RTC_SET_TIME, tm) < 0)
5128 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5133 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
5139 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5143 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
5145 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
5153 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
5157 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
5168 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
5170 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
5172 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
5180 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
5181 r = close_nointr(fdt);
5191 int symlink_or_copy(const char *from, const char *to) {
5192 char *pf = NULL, *pt = NULL;
5199 if (parent_of_path(from, &pf) < 0 ||
5200 parent_of_path(to, &pt) < 0) {
5205 if (stat(pf, &a) < 0 ||
5211 if (a.st_dev != b.st_dev) {
5215 return copy_file(from, to);
5218 if (symlink(from, to) < 0) {
5232 int symlink_or_copy_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
5236 unsigned long long ull;
5243 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
5247 fn = file_name_from_path(to);
5251 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
5254 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
5255 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
5261 r = symlink_or_copy(from, t);
5268 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
5279 int audit_session_from_pid(pid_t pid, uint32_t *id) {
5286 if (have_effective_cap(CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL) <= 0)
5290 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/sessionid", &s);
5294 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/sessionid", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
5297 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
5304 r = safe_atou32(s, &u);
5310 if (u == (uint32_t) -1 || u <= 0)
5317 int audit_loginuid_from_pid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
5324 /* Only use audit login uid if we are executed with sufficient
5325 * capabilities so that pam_loginuid could do its job. If we
5326 * are lacking the CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL capabality we most likely
5327 * are being run in a container and /proc/self/loginuid is
5328 * useless since it probably contains a uid of the host
5331 if (have_effective_cap(CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL) <= 0)
5335 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/loginuid", &s);
5339 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/loginuid", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
5342 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
5349 r = parse_uid(s, &u);
5355 if (u == (uid_t) -1)
5362 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
5366 display[0] == ':' &&
5367 display[1] >= '0' &&
5371 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
5378 if (!display_is_local(display))
5381 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
5383 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
5387 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
5388 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
5396 int get_user_creds(const char **username, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, const char **home) {
5403 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
5404 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
5406 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
5420 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
5424 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
5425 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
5426 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
5427 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
5428 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
5430 *username = p->pw_name;
5433 p = getpwnam(*username);
5437 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5451 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
5457 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
5458 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
5460 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
5461 *groupname = "root";
5469 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
5474 *groupname = g->gr_name;
5477 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
5481 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5489 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
5497 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
5499 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
5501 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
5504 r = !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
5506 r = errno ? -errno : -EIO;
5513 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
5519 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
5522 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
5526 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
5527 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
5528 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
5529 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
5530 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
5531 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
5532 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
5538 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
5542 r = parent_of_path(path, &parent);
5548 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5549 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
5560 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
5568 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
5569 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
5577 struct dirent buffer, *de;
5580 k = readdir_r(d, &buffer, &de);
5589 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
5591 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
5595 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
5599 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
5608 assert((unsigned) r < n);
5610 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
5634 char *join(const char *x, ...) {
5647 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5670 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5684 bool is_main_thread(void) {
5685 static __thread int cached = 0;
5687 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
5688 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
5693 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
5700 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
5701 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5704 r = access(p, F_OK);
5712 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
5713 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5716 r = access(p, F_OK);
5722 /* Get parent dev_t */
5723 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5726 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
5732 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
5738 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
5739 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
5742 r = access(p, F_OK);
5746 *ret = makedev(m, n);
5753 int file_is_sticky(const char *p) {
5758 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
5763 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
5766 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
5767 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
5768 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
5769 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
5770 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
5773 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class, int);
5775 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
5776 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
5777 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
5778 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
5779 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
5780 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
5781 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
5784 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
5786 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
5787 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
5788 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
5789 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
5790 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
5791 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
5792 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
5793 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
5794 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
5795 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
5796 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
5797 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
5798 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5799 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5800 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5801 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5802 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5803 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5804 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5805 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5806 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5809 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility_unshifted, int);
5811 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5812 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5813 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5814 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5816 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5817 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5818 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5819 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5822 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level, int);
5824 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5825 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5826 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5827 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5828 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5832 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy, int);
5834 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
5835 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5836 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5837 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5838 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5839 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5840 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5841 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5842 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5843 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5844 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5845 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5846 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5847 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5848 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5849 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5850 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5853 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5855 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5856 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5857 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5858 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5859 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5862 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ip_tos, int);
5864 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5881 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5892 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5894 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5900 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5902 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5903 static __thread char buf[12];
5906 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5910 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5911 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5913 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "%d", signo);
5918 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5923 signo =__signal_from_string(s);
5927 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5931 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5932 signo = (int) u + offset;
5933 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5939 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5940 bool loaded = false;
5943 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5951 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
5969 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5971 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5980 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5987 unsigned long cap_last_cap(void) {
5988 static __thread unsigned long saved;
5989 static __thread bool valid = false;
5995 p = (unsigned long) CAP_LAST_CAP;
5997 if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, p) < 0) {
5999 /* Hmm, look downwards, until we find one that
6001 for (p--; p > 0; p --)
6002 if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, p) >= 0)
6007 /* Hmm, look upwards, until we find one that doesn't
6010 if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, p+1) < 0)
6020 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
6023 static const struct {
6027 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
6028 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
6029 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
6033 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
6035 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
6038 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
6039 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
6046 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
6054 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {