1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
151 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
152 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
163 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
170 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
173 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
177 int close_nointr(int fd) {
184 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
187 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
188 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
189 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
190 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
198 int safe_close(int fd) {
201 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
202 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
203 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
205 * fd = safe_close(fd);
211 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
212 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
213 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
214 * the fd was invalid at all... */
216 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
222 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
225 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
227 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
231 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
242 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
245 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
247 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
253 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
254 unsigned long ul = 0;
261 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
267 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
277 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
278 unsigned long ul = 0;
285 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
291 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
294 /* Some libc APIs use (uid_t) -1 as special placeholder */
295 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
298 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
299 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
306 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
314 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
316 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
317 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
319 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
322 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
326 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
334 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
336 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
337 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
339 if ((long) (int) l != l)
346 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
354 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
356 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
357 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
359 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
366 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
368 unsigned long long l;
374 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
376 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
377 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
383 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
391 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
393 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
394 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
400 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
407 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
412 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
413 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
419 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
420 bool escaped = false;
423 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
426 else if (s[n] == '\\')
428 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
431 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
435 /* Split a string into words. */
436 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
442 assert(**state == '\0');
446 current += strspn(current, separator);
452 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
453 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
455 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
456 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
457 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
458 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end*/
462 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
463 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
465 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
466 *state = current + *l;
468 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
469 *state = current + *l;
475 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
477 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
489 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
490 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
494 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
495 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
496 * skip over it manually */
498 p = strrchr(line, ')');
510 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
513 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
518 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
520 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
526 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
527 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
531 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
532 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
533 * skip over it manually */
535 p = strrchr(line, ')');
557 "%*d " /* priority */
559 "%*d " /* num_threads */
560 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
561 "%llu " /* starttime */,
568 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
573 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
579 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
582 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
586 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
590 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
594 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
595 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
599 p = strrchr(line, ')');
605 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
608 return (unsigned char) state;
611 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
618 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
620 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
627 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
628 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
636 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
642 if (max_length == 0) {
643 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
645 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
647 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
652 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
662 r = new(char, max_length);
668 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
690 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
697 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
698 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
699 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
707 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
711 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
720 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
732 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
737 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
741 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
744 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
749 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
755 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
757 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
760 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
768 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
770 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
772 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
774 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
781 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
782 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
792 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
797 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
802 if (startswith(l, field)) {
804 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
806 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
808 return parse_uid(l, uid);
815 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
816 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
819 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
820 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
821 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
824 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
832 return strndup(suffix, b);
841 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
844 r = new(char, a+b+1);
849 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
855 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
856 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
859 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
874 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
881 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
892 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
893 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
896 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
897 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
904 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
908 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
916 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
923 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
927 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
934 path_kill_slashes(*r);
939 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
942 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
943 struct sigaction sa = {
944 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
945 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
948 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
951 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
952 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
953 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
961 char *strstrip(char *s) {
964 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
965 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
967 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
969 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
970 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
978 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
981 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
983 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
995 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1002 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1003 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1006 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1007 return strdup(filename);
1009 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1010 return strdup(filename);
1012 k = strlen(filename);
1013 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1016 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1017 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1022 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1031 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1032 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1038 /* Skip last component */
1039 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1042 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1043 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1049 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1052 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1061 if (errno != ENOENT)
1068 char hexchar(int x) {
1069 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1071 return table[x & 15];
1074 int unhexchar(char c) {
1076 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1079 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1080 return c - 'a' + 10;
1082 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1083 return c - 'A' + 10;
1088 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1092 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1096 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1097 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1098 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1105 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1111 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1115 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1118 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1120 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1124 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1131 char octchar(int x) {
1132 return '0' + (x & 7);
1135 int unoctchar(char c) {
1137 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1143 char decchar(int x) {
1144 return '0' + (x % 10);
1147 int undecchar(char c) {
1149 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1155 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1161 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1163 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1167 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1213 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1214 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1215 * g_strescape() does the same */
1216 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1218 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1219 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1220 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1231 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1238 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1240 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1242 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1247 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1249 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1292 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1297 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1300 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1301 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1303 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1304 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1308 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1323 /* octal encoding */
1326 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1327 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1328 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1330 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1331 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1335 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1343 /* premature end of string.*/
1348 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1360 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1361 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1364 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1367 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1370 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1374 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1375 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1378 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1382 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1384 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1385 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1388 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1389 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1399 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1404 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1405 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1406 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1411 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1415 filename[0] == '.' ||
1416 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1417 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1418 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1419 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1420 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1421 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1422 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1423 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1424 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1425 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1428 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1431 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1434 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1437 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1442 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1447 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1449 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1451 if (nflags == flags)
1454 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1460 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1465 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1470 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1472 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1474 if (nflags == flags)
1477 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1483 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1486 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1488 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1495 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1496 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1500 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1502 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1507 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1508 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1511 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1512 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1514 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1517 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1518 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1525 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1528 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1531 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1532 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1541 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1544 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1545 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1546 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1554 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1557 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1558 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1565 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1566 static const char table[] =
1580 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1584 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1588 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1590 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1596 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1600 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1603 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1606 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1612 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1613 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1614 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1619 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1620 new_termios = old_termios;
1622 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1623 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1624 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1626 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1629 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1630 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1631 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1636 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1638 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1644 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1651 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1652 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1657 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1658 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1662 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1672 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1682 bool need_nl = true;
1685 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1692 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1696 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1699 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1700 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1711 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1716 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1720 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1725 char line[LINE_MAX];
1729 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1736 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1741 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1742 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1744 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1763 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1764 struct termios termios;
1767 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1771 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1772 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1773 * interfere with that. */
1775 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1776 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1778 /* Switch to text mode */
1780 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1782 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1783 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1785 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1790 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1791 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1792 * else will do that for us */
1794 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1795 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1796 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1797 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1798 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1800 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1801 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1802 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1803 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1804 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1805 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1806 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1807 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1808 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1809 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1810 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1811 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1812 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1814 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1815 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1817 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1821 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1822 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1827 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1828 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1830 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1834 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1837 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1842 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1843 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1844 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1845 * retrying a couple of times.
1847 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1850 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1853 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1860 /* Max 1s in total */
1864 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1885 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1886 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1896 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1906 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1912 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1921 int acquire_terminal(
1925 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1928 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1933 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1934 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1935 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1937 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1938 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1939 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1940 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1941 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1942 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1943 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1944 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1946 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
1947 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1949 if (!fail && !force) {
1950 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1956 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1964 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1965 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1966 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1970 r = flush_fd(notify);
1975 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1976 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1977 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1978 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1982 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1983 * if we already own the tty. */
1984 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1986 /* First, try to get the tty */
1987 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1990 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1992 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1993 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1994 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1995 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1998 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2007 assert(notify >= 0);
2010 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2012 struct inotify_event *e;
2014 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2017 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2018 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2023 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2033 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2036 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2043 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2048 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2053 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2054 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2056 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2063 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2064 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2065 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2066 * an endless loop. */
2072 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2074 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2085 int release_terminal(void) {
2086 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2087 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2088 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2091 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2092 struct sigaction sa_old;
2095 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2099 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2100 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2101 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2103 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2106 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2111 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2116 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2117 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2124 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2125 struct sigaction sa = {
2126 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2127 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2132 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2136 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2137 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2144 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2145 struct sigaction sa = {
2146 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2147 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2152 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2156 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2157 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2164 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2168 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2170 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2174 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2175 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2178 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2185 while (nbytes > 0) {
2188 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2189 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2192 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2194 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2195 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2198 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2203 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2213 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2214 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2220 while (nbytes > 0) {
2223 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2224 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2227 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2229 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2230 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2233 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2238 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2248 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2250 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2251 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2252 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2253 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2254 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2255 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2256 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2258 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2259 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2260 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2261 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2266 unsigned long long factor;
2269 static const struct table iec[] = {
2270 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2271 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2272 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2273 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2274 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2280 static const struct table si[] = {
2281 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2282 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2283 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2284 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2285 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2291 const struct table *table;
2293 unsigned long long r = 0;
2294 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2297 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2302 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2305 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2311 unsigned long long l2;
2317 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2330 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2333 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2334 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2336 if (errno == ERANGE)
2339 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2346 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2348 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2349 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2350 unsigned long long tmp;
2351 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2353 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2354 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2358 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2361 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2377 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2382 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2383 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2384 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2389 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2392 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2397 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2400 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2404 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2407 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2409 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2410 * sysfs or in /dev */
2413 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2414 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2417 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2418 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2429 if (!de && errno != 0)
2435 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2440 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2441 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2458 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2459 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2462 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2464 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2466 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2469 if ((size_t) k != n)
2475 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2476 static bool srand_called = false;
2480 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2484 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2485 * get a PRNG instead. */
2487 if (!srand_called) {
2490 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2491 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in
2492 * auxv, so let's try to make use of that to seed the
2493 * pseudo-random generator. It's better than
2498 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2500 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2503 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2504 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2507 srand_called = true;
2510 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2514 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2517 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2518 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2519 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2520 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2521 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2522 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2525 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2527 if (program_invocation_name)
2528 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2530 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2534 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2536 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2540 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2545 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2552 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2553 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2557 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2562 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2565 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2566 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2569 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2575 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2578 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2580 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2581 return strdup(u.nodename);
2583 return strdup(u.sysname);
2586 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2589 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2591 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2594 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2597 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2598 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2600 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2602 return strdup("root");
2604 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2608 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2612 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2613 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2615 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2621 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2625 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2630 return lookup_uid(uid);
2633 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2640 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2643 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2644 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2649 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2655 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2663 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2667 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2671 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2673 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2680 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2682 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2684 unsigned long ttynr;
2688 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2689 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2693 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2703 "%*d " /* session */
2708 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2717 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2718 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2719 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2726 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2730 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2732 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2738 /* This is an ugly hack */
2739 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2740 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2744 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2745 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2746 * vaguely useful. */
2752 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2754 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2772 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2773 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2778 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2779 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2785 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2790 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2797 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2802 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2805 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2807 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2808 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2809 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2814 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2817 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2818 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2820 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2821 keep_around = false;
2827 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2828 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2831 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2832 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2833 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2834 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2839 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2840 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2844 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2845 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2849 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2851 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2852 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2859 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2862 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2863 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2866 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2871 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2876 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2877 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2879 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2880 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2885 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2888 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2894 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2895 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2896 * seriously broken system. */
2897 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2898 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2902 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2905 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2909 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2912 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2913 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2918 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2919 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2926 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2931 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2932 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2938 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2941 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2944 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2953 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2954 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2957 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2958 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2961 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2964 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2965 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2966 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2968 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2969 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2972 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2973 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2979 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2982 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2983 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2984 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2986 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2987 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2990 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2991 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2997 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3001 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3004 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3007 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3008 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3018 if (errno != EINVAL)
3025 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3026 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3027 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3028 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3029 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3031 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3035 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3036 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3038 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3041 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3054 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3060 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3068 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3069 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3072 if (!isempty(status)) {
3073 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3074 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3075 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3077 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3080 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3082 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3084 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3090 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3096 va_start(ap, format);
3097 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3103 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3110 const char *e, *word = format;
3115 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3126 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3135 } else if (*e == '$') {
3136 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3152 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3154 k = strappend(r, t);
3168 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3179 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3181 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3183 l = strv_length(argv);
3185 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3189 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3191 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3192 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3197 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3201 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e);
3213 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3223 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3231 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3232 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3244 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3245 struct winsize ws = {};
3247 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3256 unsigned columns(void) {
3260 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3261 return cached_columns;
3264 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3269 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3278 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3279 struct winsize ws = {};
3281 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3290 unsigned lines(void) {
3294 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3295 return cached_lines;
3298 e = getenv("LINES");
3303 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3309 return cached_lines;
3312 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3313 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3319 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3321 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3322 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3324 return cached_on_tty;
3327 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3330 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3333 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3336 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3337 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3340 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3343 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3350 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3355 assert(percent <= 100);
3356 assert(new_length >= 3);
3358 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3359 return strndup(s, old_length);
3361 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3365 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3367 if (x > new_length - 3)
3375 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3376 new_length - x - 3);
3381 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3385 unsigned k, len, len2;
3388 assert(percent <= 100);
3389 assert(new_length >= 3);
3391 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3392 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3393 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3395 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3396 return strndup(s, old_length);
3398 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3400 if (x > new_length - 3)
3404 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3407 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3410 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3413 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3416 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3419 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3420 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3423 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3427 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3429 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3431 /* make space for ellipsis */
3432 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3435 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3436 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3441 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3442 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3446 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3450 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3455 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3456 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3459 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3460 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3466 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3468 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3473 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3478 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1) {
3479 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3484 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3485 struct timespec ts[2];
3487 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3489 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3491 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3498 int touch(const char *path) {
3499 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, (uid_t) -1, (gid_t) -1, 0);
3502 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3506 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3507 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3508 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3515 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3516 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3521 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3522 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3525 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3537 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3541 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3549 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3553 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3559 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3570 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3584 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3585 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3586 * failed for an unknown reason.
3587 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3590 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3591 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3593 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3600 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3602 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3606 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3607 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3608 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3609 return status.si_status;
3612 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3615 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3616 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3618 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3622 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3626 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3628 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3629 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3637 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3640 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3643 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3649 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3654 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3657 return null_or_empty(&st);
3660 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3665 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3668 return null_or_empty(&st);
3671 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3675 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3677 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3690 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3694 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3696 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3697 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3702 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3703 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3706 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3710 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3711 t = new(char, enc_len);
3715 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3718 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3721 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3724 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3725 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3727 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3728 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3730 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3731 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3733 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3734 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3739 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3742 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3745 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3748 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3751 return streq(tty, "console");
3754 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3759 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3762 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3765 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3768 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3772 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3778 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3781 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3782 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3784 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3787 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3790 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3791 * /dev/console points to */
3792 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3798 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3801 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3802 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3804 tty = *active = tmp;
3811 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3812 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3816 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3819 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3820 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3825 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3828 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3831 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3834 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3837 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3840 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3841 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3842 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3848 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3851 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3852 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3853 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3856 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3859 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3862 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3868 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
3869 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
3871 executor_pid = fork();
3872 if (executor_pid < 0) {
3873 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3876 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
3877 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3878 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
3882 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
3883 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
3886 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3888 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
3889 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) == 0);
3891 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3894 d = _d = opendir(directory);
3896 if (errno == ENOENT)
3897 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3899 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3900 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3904 pids = hashmap_new(NULL, NULL);
3907 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3910 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3911 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3914 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3917 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
3920 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3925 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3927 } else if (pid == 0) {
3930 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3940 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3941 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3944 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
3946 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
3949 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3955 /* Abort execution of this process after the
3956 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
3957 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
3959 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
3960 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
3962 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3963 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3966 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3969 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
3972 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid);
3975 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3978 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid);
3981 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3984 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3992 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3998 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3999 if (streq(i, needle))
4005 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4006 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4009 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4018 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4020 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4021 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4022 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4028 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4035 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4042 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4052 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4058 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4062 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4069 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4070 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4081 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4086 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4088 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4091 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4092 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4101 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4102 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4104 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4109 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4116 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4119 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4121 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4129 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4136 return pollfd.revents;
4139 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4148 t = tempfn_xxxxxx(path);
4152 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4158 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4171 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4174 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4180 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4181 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4183 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4187 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4190 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4194 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4195 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4196 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4198 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4201 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4202 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4203 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4205 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4210 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4211 "\033[H" /* move home */
4212 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4219 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4222 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4229 /* Try to deallocate */
4230 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4234 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4243 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4245 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4250 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4251 "\033[H" /* move home */
4252 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4259 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4260 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4265 t = tempfn_random(to);
4269 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4272 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4280 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4281 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4285 t = tempfn_random(path);
4289 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4292 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4300 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4301 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4305 t = tempfn_random(path);
4309 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4312 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4320 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4324 display[0] == ':' &&
4325 display[1] >= '0' &&
4329 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4336 if (!display_is_local(display))
4339 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4341 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4345 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4346 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4355 const char **username,
4356 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4358 const char **shell) {
4366 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4367 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4369 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4387 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4391 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4392 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4393 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4394 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4395 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4397 *username = p->pw_name;
4400 p = getpwnam(*username);
4404 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4416 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4421 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4426 return strdup("root");
4430 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4432 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4438 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4443 return strdup("root");
4447 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4449 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4455 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4461 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4462 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4464 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4465 *groupname = "root";
4473 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4478 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4481 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4485 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4493 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4495 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4497 if (getgid() == gid)
4500 if (getegid() == gid)
4503 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4504 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4506 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4508 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4512 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4519 int in_group(const char *name) {
4523 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4530 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4531 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4537 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4539 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4541 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4544 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4546 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4549 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4550 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4555 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4557 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4559 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4561 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4562 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4564 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4565 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4573 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4579 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4582 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4586 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4587 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4588 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4589 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4590 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4591 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4592 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4598 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4599 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4600 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4601 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4605 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4606 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4618 if (!de && errno != 0)
4623 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4625 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4629 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4630 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4633 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4644 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4650 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4664 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4669 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4693 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4707 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4708 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4710 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4711 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4716 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4723 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4724 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4727 r = access(p, F_OK);
4735 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4736 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4739 r = access(p, F_OK);
4745 /* Get parent dev_t */
4746 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4749 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4755 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4761 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4762 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4765 r = access(p, F_OK);
4769 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4776 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4781 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4785 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4786 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4789 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4790 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4791 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4792 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4793 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4796 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4798 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4799 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4800 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4801 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4802 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4803 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4804 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4807 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4809 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4810 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4811 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4812 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4813 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4814 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4815 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4816 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4817 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4818 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4819 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4820 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4821 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4822 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4823 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4824 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4825 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4826 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4827 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4828 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4829 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4832 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4834 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4835 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4836 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4837 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4839 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4840 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4841 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4842 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4845 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4847 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4848 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4849 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4850 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4851 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4855 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4857 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4858 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4859 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4860 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4861 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4862 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4863 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4864 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4865 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4866 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4867 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4868 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4869 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4870 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4871 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4872 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4873 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4876 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4878 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4879 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4880 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4881 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4882 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4885 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4887 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4904 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4915 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4917 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4923 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4925 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4926 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4929 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4933 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4934 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4936 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4941 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4946 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4950 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4954 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4955 signo = (int) u + offset;
4956 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4962 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4963 bool loaded = false;
4966 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4974 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4992 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4994 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5003 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5010 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5013 static const struct {
5017 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5018 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5019 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5020 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5021 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5025 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5027 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5030 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5031 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5038 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5046 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5059 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5061 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5063 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5064 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5067 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5070 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5071 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5077 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5079 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5081 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5082 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5085 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5088 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5089 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5094 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5095 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5097 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5105 parent_pid = getpid();
5107 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5114 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5121 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5122 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5123 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5125 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5126 * to set the death signal */
5127 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5128 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5130 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5131 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5133 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5134 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5136 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5137 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5138 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5139 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5140 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5141 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5142 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5143 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5144 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5146 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5147 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5151 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5154 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5160 /* Count arguments */
5162 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5167 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5169 /* Fill in arguments */
5171 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5172 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5176 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5179 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5180 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5184 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5190 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5191 * to get as close as we can */
5192 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5194 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5195 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5197 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5203 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5204 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5215 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5217 f = fopen(path, "re");
5225 char line[LINE_MAX];
5228 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5232 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5242 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5243 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5257 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5260 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5263 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5266 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5269 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5272 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5278 bool in_initrd(void) {
5279 static int saved = -1;
5285 /* We make two checks here:
5287 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5288 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5290 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5291 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5292 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5295 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5296 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5297 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5302 void warn_melody(void) {
5303 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5305 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5309 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5311 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5312 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5314 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5315 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5317 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5318 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5320 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5323 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5326 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5328 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5330 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5336 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5343 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5351 /* Take the user specified one */
5352 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5353 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5362 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5365 h = strdup("/root");
5373 /* Check the database... */
5377 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5379 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5382 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5390 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5398 /* Take the user specified one */
5399 e = getenv("SHELL");
5409 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5412 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5420 /* Check the database... */
5424 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5426 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5429 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5437 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5451 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5457 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5463 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5464 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5467 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5475 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5476 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5478 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5483 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5484 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5487 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5497 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5502 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5505 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5508 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5509 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5512 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5518 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5519 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5520 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5529 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5530 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5533 else if (comparison > 0)
5541 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5543 static int cached_answer = -1;
5545 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5548 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5549 cached_answer = true;
5553 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5555 cached_answer = true;
5559 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5560 cached_answer = true;
5564 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5565 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5566 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5568 cached_answer = true;
5572 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5576 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5577 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5581 return (bool) cached_answer;
5584 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5585 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5588 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5589 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5590 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5591 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5592 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5593 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5594 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5595 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5598 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5599 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5600 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5601 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5602 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5603 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5604 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5605 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5610 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5613 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5616 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5622 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5623 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5636 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5642 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5643 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5651 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5663 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5664 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5669 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5671 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5677 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5679 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5681 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5685 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5690 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5692 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5693 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5694 else if (*i == '\t')
5701 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5704 } else if (*i == '[') {
5705 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5710 state = STATE_OTHER;
5717 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5718 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5721 state = STATE_OTHER;
5723 } else if (*i == 'm')
5724 state = STATE_OTHER;
5746 int on_ac_power(void) {
5747 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5748 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5750 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5756 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5762 if (!de && errno != 0)
5768 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5771 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5773 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5779 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5781 if (errno == ENOENT)
5787 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5791 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5795 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5797 if (errno == ENOENT)
5803 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5807 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5810 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5811 found_online = true;
5813 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5814 found_offline = true;
5819 return found_online || !found_offline;
5822 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5829 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5832 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5833 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5837 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5839 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5849 if (errno != ENOENT)
5856 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5857 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5863 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5866 f = fopen(path, mode);
5875 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5879 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
5882 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5883 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5885 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5888 f = fopen(path, mode);
5897 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5901 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
5904 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5911 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5918 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5923 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5932 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5942 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5956 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5964 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5968 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5975 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
5982 if (*allocated >= need)
5985 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
5986 a = newalloc * size;
5988 /* check for overflows */
5989 if (a < size * need)
5997 *allocated = newalloc;
6001 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6010 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6014 if (*allocated > prev)
6015 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6020 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6026 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6028 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6031 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6032 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6033 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6037 } else if (l == 36) {
6039 /* Formatted UUID */
6041 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6044 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6048 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6049 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6050 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6061 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6076 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6080 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6092 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6093 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6094 const char *word, *state;
6098 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6101 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
6106 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(word, l, line, state) {
6114 e = startswith(n, "systemd.restore_state=");
6118 k = parse_boolean(e);
6126 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6129 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
6130 char *buf = NULL, *p;
6133 r = read_full_file("/proc/1/cmdline", &buf, &sz);
6137 for (p = buf; p + 1 < buf + sz; p++)
6146 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6153 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6154 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6155 const char *w, *state;
6161 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6163 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
6167 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
6168 char word[l+1], *value;
6173 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6175 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6178 value = strchr(word, '=');
6182 r = parse_item(word, value);
6190 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6191 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6199 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6200 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6208 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6211 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6221 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6222 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6230 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6231 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6239 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6240 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6248 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6249 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6257 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6258 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6264 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6267 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6270 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6275 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6280 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6283 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6287 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6291 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6295 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6298 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6302 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6305 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6308 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6314 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6315 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6320 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6323 return errno != ESRCH;
6326 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6329 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6334 r = get_process_state(pid);
6335 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6341 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6342 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6349 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6353 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6356 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6357 * to namespacing issues */
6365 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6377 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6381 if (errno != ERANGE)
6388 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6404 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6405 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6406 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6413 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6420 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6427 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6428 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6433 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6434 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6436 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6444 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6447 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6450 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6451 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6453 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6454 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6456 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6457 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6462 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6464 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6465 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6466 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6467 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6468 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6469 * used by libseccomp. */
6471 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6473 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6476 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6479 #elif defined(__i386__)
6481 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6485 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6486 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6487 * as error indicator. */
6488 return 0xffffffffUL;
6491 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6493 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6495 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6501 #elif defined(__i386__)
6510 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6513 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6514 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6516 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6519 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6522 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6524 struct mntent me = {
6525 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6530 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6536 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6539 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6540 const uint8_t *b = p;
6543 assert(s == 0 || b);
6548 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6550 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6555 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6563 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6568 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6582 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6587 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6589 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6590 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6592 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6597 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6601 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6602 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6603 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6606 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6611 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6612 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6616 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6619 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6620 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6621 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6622 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6623 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6624 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6625 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6626 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6627 "- " /* (8) separator */
6628 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6629 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6630 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6631 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6640 p = cunescape(path);
6644 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6647 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6663 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6664 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6665 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6668 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6669 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6670 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6671 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6672 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6673 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6674 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6675 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6676 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6677 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6678 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6679 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6680 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6682 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6686 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6688 done = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
6693 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6694 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6695 bool top_autofs = false;
6698 todo = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
6702 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6703 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6707 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6710 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6711 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6712 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6713 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6714 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6715 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6716 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6717 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6718 "- " /* (8) separator */
6719 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6720 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6721 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6722 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6732 p = cunescape(path);
6736 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6737 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6738 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6739 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6740 * already triggered, then we will find
6741 * another entry for this. */
6742 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6743 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6747 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6748 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6750 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6760 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6761 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6763 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6764 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6767 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6768 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6769 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6770 * mount, make it one. */
6771 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6774 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6777 x = strdup(cleaned);
6781 r = set_consume(done, x);
6786 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6788 r = set_consume(done, x);
6794 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6796 /* Deal with mount points that are
6797 * obstructed by a later mount */
6799 if (errno != ENOENT)
6807 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6814 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6819 char *tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p) {
6826 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 6 + 1);
6833 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn), "XXXXXX");
6838 char *tempfn_random(const char *p) {
6847 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 16 + 1);
6854 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn);
6857 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6858 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
6867 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
6868 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
6871 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
6872 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
6874 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
6875 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
6876 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
6877 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
6878 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
6879 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
6880 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
6881 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
6884 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
6886 struct flock flock = {
6888 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
6896 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
6897 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
6898 * our own trivial version of this.
6900 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
6901 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
6902 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
6903 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
6904 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
6907 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
6909 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
6911 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
6915 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
6924 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
6927 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
6930 if (S_ISLNK(info.st_mode))
6936 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret) {
6937 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
6938 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
6945 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
6947 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
6955 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
6956 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
6957 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
6958 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
6968 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
6978 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
6980 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
6982 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
6983 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
6986 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
6998 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7012 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7014 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7022 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7026 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7030 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7039 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7041 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7049 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7053 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7057 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7063 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7085 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
7090 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7091 * quotes if necessary. */
7095 /* Count how many words are expected */
7098 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7107 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7108 l = newa0(char*, n);
7109 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7111 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c]);
7115 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7125 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7128 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7131 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7141 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7146 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7147 * possibly freeing the old one. */