1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <linux/magic.h>
64 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
75 #include "path-util.h"
76 #include "exit-status.h"
80 #include "device-nodes.h"
87 char **saved_argv = NULL;
89 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
90 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
92 size_t page_size(void) {
93 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
96 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
99 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
106 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
108 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
119 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
126 pl = strlen(postfix);
129 return (char*) s + sl;
134 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
137 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
140 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
155 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
159 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
162 int close_nointr(int fd) {
168 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
169 * thing to do on Linux.
171 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
172 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
173 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
174 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
176 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
184 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
187 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
190 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
193 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
196 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
198 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
199 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
202 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
213 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
216 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
218 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
224 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
225 unsigned long ul = 0;
232 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
238 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
248 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
249 unsigned long ul = 0;
256 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
262 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
269 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
277 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
279 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
280 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
282 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
285 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
289 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
297 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
299 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
300 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
302 if ((long) (int) l != l)
309 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
311 unsigned long long l;
317 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
319 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
320 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
326 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
334 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
336 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
337 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
343 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
350 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
355 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
356 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
362 /* Split a string into words. */
363 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
366 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
368 if (!*current || *c == 0)
371 current += strspn(current, separator);
372 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
375 return (char*) current;
378 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
379 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
380 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
381 const char *current, *e;
382 bool escaped = false;
388 current = *state ? *state : c;
390 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
395 else if (*current == '\'') {
398 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
408 *state = (char*) (*e == 0 ? e : e+1);
410 } else if (*current == '\"') {
413 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
423 *state = (char*) (*e == 0 ? e : e+1);
426 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
431 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
438 return (char*) current;
441 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
443 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
456 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
461 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
462 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
466 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
467 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
468 * skip over it manually */
470 p = strrchr(line, ')');
482 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
485 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
490 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
491 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
499 p = "/proc/self/stat";
501 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
505 return errno == ENOENT ? -ESRCH : -errno;
507 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
514 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
515 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
516 * skip over it manually */
518 p = strrchr(line, ')');
540 "%*d " /* priority */
542 "%*d " /* num_threads */
543 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
544 "%llu " /* starttime */,
551 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
556 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
562 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
565 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
569 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
577 p = "/proc/self/comm";
579 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
581 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
588 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
589 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
598 p = "/proc/self/cmdline";
600 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
606 if (max_length == 0) {
607 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
609 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
611 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
616 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
626 r = new(char, max_length);
632 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
654 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
661 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
662 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
663 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
671 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
675 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
684 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
696 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
701 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
705 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
708 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
713 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
720 p = "/proc/self/status";
722 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
724 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
727 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
736 p = "/proc/self/exe";
738 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
740 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
742 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
744 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
751 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
752 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
762 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
767 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
772 if (startswith(l, field)) {
774 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
776 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
778 return parse_uid(l, uid);
785 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
786 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
789 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
790 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
791 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
794 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
802 return strndup(suffix, b);
811 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
814 r = new(char, a+b+1);
819 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
825 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
826 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
829 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
839 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
842 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
848 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
859 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
860 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
867 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
871 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
879 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
886 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
890 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
897 path_kill_slashes(*r);
902 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
905 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
906 struct sigaction sa = {
907 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
908 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
911 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
914 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
915 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
916 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
924 char *strstrip(char *s) {
927 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
928 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
930 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
932 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
933 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
941 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
944 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
946 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
958 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
965 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
971 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
978 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
979 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
982 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
983 return strdup(filename);
985 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
986 return strdup(filename);
988 k = strlen(filename);
989 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
992 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
993 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
998 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1007 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1008 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1014 /* Skip last component */
1015 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1018 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1019 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1025 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1028 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1037 if (errno != ENOENT)
1044 char hexchar(int x) {
1045 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1047 return table[x & 15];
1050 int unhexchar(char c) {
1052 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1055 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1056 return c - 'a' + 10;
1058 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1059 return c - 'A' + 10;
1064 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1068 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1072 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1073 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1074 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1081 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1087 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1091 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1094 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1096 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1100 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1107 char octchar(int x) {
1108 return '0' + (x & 7);
1111 int unoctchar(char c) {
1113 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1119 char decchar(int x) {
1120 return '0' + (x % 10);
1123 int undecchar(char c) {
1125 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1131 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1137 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1139 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1143 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1189 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1190 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1191 * g_strescape() does the same */
1192 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1194 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1195 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1196 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1207 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1214 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1216 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1218 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1223 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1225 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1268 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1273 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1276 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1277 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1279 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1280 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1284 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1299 /* octal encoding */
1302 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1303 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1304 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1306 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1307 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1311 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1319 /* premature end of string.*/
1324 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1336 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1337 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1340 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1343 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1346 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1350 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1351 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1354 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1358 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1360 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1361 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1364 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1365 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1375 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1380 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1381 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1382 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1387 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1391 filename[0] == '.' ||
1392 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1393 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1394 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1395 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1396 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1397 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1398 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1399 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1400 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1403 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1406 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1409 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1412 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1417 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1421 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1423 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1425 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1431 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1436 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1440 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1442 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1444 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1450 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1453 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1455 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1462 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1467 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1469 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1474 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1475 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1478 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1479 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1481 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1484 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1485 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1492 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1495 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1498 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1499 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1508 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1511 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1512 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1513 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1522 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1525 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1526 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1533 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1534 static const char table[] =
1544 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1548 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1550 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1556 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1560 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1563 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1566 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1572 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1573 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1575 char line[LINE_MAX];
1580 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1581 new_termios = old_termios;
1583 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1584 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1585 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1587 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1590 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1591 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1592 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1597 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1599 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1605 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1612 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1613 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1616 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1621 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1631 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1641 bool need_nl = true;
1644 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1651 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1655 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1658 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1659 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1670 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1675 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1679 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1680 struct termios termios;
1683 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1687 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1688 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1689 * interfere with that. */
1691 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1692 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1694 /* Switch to text mode */
1696 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1698 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1699 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1701 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1706 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1707 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1708 * else will do that for us */
1710 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1711 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1712 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1713 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1714 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1716 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1717 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1718 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1719 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1720 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1721 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1722 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1723 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1724 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1725 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1726 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1727 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1728 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1730 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1731 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1733 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1737 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1738 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1743 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1746 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1750 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1751 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1756 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1761 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1762 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1763 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1764 * retrying a couple of times.
1766 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1769 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1772 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1779 /* Max 1s in total */
1783 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1792 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1797 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1804 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1805 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1815 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1825 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1831 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1840 int acquire_terminal(
1844 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1847 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1852 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1853 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1854 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1856 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1857 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1858 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1859 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1860 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1861 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1862 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1863 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1865 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1866 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1868 if (!fail && !force) {
1869 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1875 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1883 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1884 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1885 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1889 r = flush_fd(notify);
1894 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1895 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1896 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1897 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1901 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1902 * if we already own the tty. */
1903 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1905 /* First, try to get the tty */
1906 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1909 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1911 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1912 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1913 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1914 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1917 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1926 assert(notify >= 0);
1929 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1931 struct inotify_event *e;
1933 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1936 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1937 if (ts + timeout < n) {
1942 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
1952 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
1955 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
1962 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
1967 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
1972 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
1973 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
1975 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
1982 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
1983 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
1984 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
1985 * an endless loop. */
1986 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1990 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
1992 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1994 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2000 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2003 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2008 int release_terminal(void) {
2010 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2011 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2012 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2014 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2016 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2020 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2021 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2022 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2024 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2027 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2032 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2037 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2038 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2045 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2046 struct sigaction sa = {
2047 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2048 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2054 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2058 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2059 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2066 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2067 struct sigaction sa = {
2068 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2069 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2074 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2078 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2079 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2086 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2092 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2097 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2101 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2104 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2113 while (nbytes > 0) {
2116 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2118 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2121 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2122 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2127 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2131 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2134 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2135 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2136 * via read()/write()
2142 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2153 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2162 while (nbytes > 0) {
2165 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2168 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2171 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2172 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2177 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2181 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2184 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2185 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2186 * via read()/write()
2192 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2203 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2204 static const struct {
2206 unsigned long long factor;
2210 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2211 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2212 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2213 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2214 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2219 unsigned long long r = 0;
2231 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2242 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2244 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2245 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2246 unsigned long long tmp;
2247 if ((unsigned long long) l > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2249 tmp = l * table[i].factor;
2250 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2254 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2257 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2261 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2271 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2276 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2277 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2278 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2281 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2283 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2286 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2291 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2294 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2298 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2301 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2303 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2304 * sysfs or in /dev */
2307 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2308 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2311 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2312 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2323 if (!de && errno != 0)
2329 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2334 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2335 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2352 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2353 static bool srand_called = false;
2354 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2358 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2362 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2363 if (k < 0 || (size_t) k != n)
2370 if (!srand_called) {
2372 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2373 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in
2374 * auxv, so let's try to make use of that to seed the
2375 * pseudo-random generator. It's better than
2380 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2382 srand(*(unsigned*) auxv);
2385 srand(time(NULL) + gettid());
2387 srand_called = true;
2390 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2391 * get a PRNG instead. */
2392 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2396 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2399 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2400 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2401 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2402 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2403 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2404 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2407 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2409 if (program_invocation_name)
2410 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2412 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2416 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2418 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2422 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2427 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2434 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2435 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2439 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2442 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2444 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2445 return strdup(u.nodename);
2447 return strdup(u.sysname);
2450 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2453 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2455 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2458 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2461 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2462 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2464 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2466 return strdup("root");
2468 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2472 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2476 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2477 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2479 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2485 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2489 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2494 return lookup_uid(uid);
2497 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2504 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2507 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2508 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2513 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2519 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2527 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2531 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2535 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2537 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2544 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2545 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2546 char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
2547 unsigned long ttynr;
2553 fn = "/proc/self/stat";
2555 fn = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2557 f = fopen(fn, "re");
2561 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
2562 return feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
2564 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2574 "%*d " /* session */
2579 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2588 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2590 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *s, *b, *p;
2595 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2599 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2601 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2607 /* This is an ugly hack */
2608 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2609 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2619 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2620 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2621 * vaguely useful. */
2634 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2636 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2654 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2660 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2661 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2665 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2667 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2672 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2678 if (!de && errno != 0) {
2687 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2690 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2692 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2693 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2694 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2699 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2702 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2703 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2705 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2706 keep_around = false;
2712 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2713 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2716 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2717 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2718 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2719 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2724 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2725 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2729 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2730 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2734 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2736 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2737 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2748 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2751 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2752 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2755 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2760 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2761 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2765 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2766 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2768 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2769 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2770 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2774 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2777 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2783 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2784 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2785 * seriously broken system. */
2786 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2787 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2791 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2794 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2798 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2801 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2802 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2807 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2808 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2815 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2816 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2820 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2821 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2822 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2827 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2830 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2833 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2842 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2843 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2846 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2847 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2850 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2853 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2854 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2855 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2857 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2858 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2861 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2862 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2868 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2871 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2872 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2873 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2875 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2876 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2879 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2880 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2886 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2890 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2893 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2896 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2897 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2907 if (errno != EINVAL)
2914 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2915 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2916 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2917 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2918 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2920 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2924 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2925 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2927 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2930 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2943 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2949 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
2957 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
2958 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
2961 if (!isempty(status)) {
2962 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
2963 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
2964 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
2966 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
2969 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
2971 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
2973 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
2979 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
2985 va_start(ap, format);
2986 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
2992 int status_welcome(void) {
2993 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
2996 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
2997 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
2998 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3001 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
3002 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3004 return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
3005 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3006 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
3007 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
3010 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3017 const char *e, *word = format;
3022 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3033 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3042 } else if (*e == '$') {
3043 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3059 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3061 k = strappend(r, t);
3075 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3086 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3088 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3090 l = strv_length(argv);
3092 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3095 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3097 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3098 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3103 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3106 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3117 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3126 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3134 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3135 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3145 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3146 struct winsize ws = {};
3148 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3157 unsigned columns(void) {
3161 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3162 return cached_columns;
3165 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3170 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3179 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3180 struct winsize ws = {};
3182 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3191 unsigned lines(void) {
3195 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3196 return cached_lines;
3199 e = getenv("LINES");
3204 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3210 return cached_lines;
3213 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3214 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3220 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3222 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3223 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3225 return cached_on_tty;
3228 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3229 struct stat a = {}, b = {};
3231 /* Only works as root */
3232 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3235 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3239 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3240 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3243 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3248 assert(percent <= 100);
3249 assert(new_length >= 3);
3251 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3252 return strndup(s, old_length);
3254 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3258 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3260 if (x > new_length - 3)
3268 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3269 new_length - x - 3);
3274 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3278 unsigned k, len, len2;
3281 assert(percent <= 100);
3282 assert(new_length >= 3);
3284 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3285 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3286 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3288 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3289 return strndup(s, old_length);
3291 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3293 if (x > new_length - 3)
3297 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3300 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3303 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3306 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3309 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3312 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3313 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3316 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3320 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3322 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3324 /* make space for ellipsis */
3325 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3328 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3329 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3334 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3335 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3339 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3343 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3348 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3349 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3352 int touch(const char *path) {
3357 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3358 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3361 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3365 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3369 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3373 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3374 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3375 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3382 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3383 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3388 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3389 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3392 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3404 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3408 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3416 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3420 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3426 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3437 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3449 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3456 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3458 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3462 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3463 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3464 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3465 return status.si_status;
3468 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3471 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3472 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3474 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3478 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3482 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3484 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3485 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3493 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3496 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3499 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3505 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3510 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3513 return null_or_empty(&st);
3516 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3520 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3522 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3528 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3535 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3539 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3541 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3542 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3547 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3548 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3552 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3556 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3557 t = new(char, enc_len);
3561 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3564 if (asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t) < 0)
3570 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3573 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3574 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3576 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3577 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3579 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3580 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3582 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3583 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3588 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3591 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3594 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3597 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3600 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3603 return streq(tty, "console");
3606 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3611 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3614 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3617 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3620 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3624 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3630 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3633 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3634 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3636 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3639 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3642 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3643 * /dev/console points to */
3644 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3650 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3653 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3654 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3656 tty = *active = tmp;
3663 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3664 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3668 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3671 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3672 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3677 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3680 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3683 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3686 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3689 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3692 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3693 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3694 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3700 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3703 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3704 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3705 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3708 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3711 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3714 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3717 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3721 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3722 * waits for them to finish. */
3725 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3727 if (errno == ENOENT)
3730 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3737 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3738 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3742 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3747 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3750 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3755 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3756 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3774 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3775 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3778 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3780 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3781 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3786 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3787 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3791 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3796 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3800 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3801 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3802 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3803 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3805 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3807 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3818 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3821 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3824 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3832 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3838 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3839 if (streq(i, needle))
3845 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3846 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3849 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3858 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3860 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3861 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3862 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3868 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3875 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3882 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3892 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3898 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3902 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3909 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3910 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3921 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3926 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3928 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3930 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3933 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3940 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3943 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3945 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3950 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
3957 return pollfd.revents;
3960 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
3971 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
3975 fn = basename(path);
3979 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
3981 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
3987 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4000 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4003 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4009 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4012 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4016 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4017 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4022 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4026 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4027 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4028 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4030 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4033 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4034 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4035 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4037 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4042 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4043 "\033[H" /* move home */
4044 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4046 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4051 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4054 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4061 /* Try to deallocate */
4062 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4066 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4067 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4075 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4077 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4082 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4083 "\033[H" /* move home */
4084 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4086 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4091 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int flags) {
4092 _cleanup_close_ int fdf = -1;
4098 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4102 fdt = open(to, flags|O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4110 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4124 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4126 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4135 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4145 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4147 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4157 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4165 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4168 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4169 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
4175 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4178 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4187 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4191 display[0] == ':' &&
4192 display[1] >= '0' &&
4196 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4203 if (!display_is_local(display))
4206 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4208 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4212 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4213 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4222 const char **username,
4223 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4225 const char **shell) {
4233 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4234 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4236 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4254 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4258 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4259 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4260 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4261 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4262 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4264 *username = p->pw_name;
4267 p = getpwnam(*username);
4271 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4283 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4288 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4293 return strdup("root");
4297 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4299 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4305 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4310 return strdup("root");
4314 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4316 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4322 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4328 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4329 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4331 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4332 *groupname = "root";
4340 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4345 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4348 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4352 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4360 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4362 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4364 if (getgid() == gid)
4367 if (getegid() == gid)
4370 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4371 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4373 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4375 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4379 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4386 int in_group(const char *name) {
4390 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4397 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4398 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4404 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4406 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4408 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4411 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4413 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4416 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4417 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4422 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4424 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4426 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4428 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4429 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4431 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4432 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4440 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4446 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4449 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4453 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4454 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4455 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4456 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4457 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4458 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4459 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4465 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4467 _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
4470 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4474 STRV_FOREACH(i, search)
4475 if (path_equal(parent, *i))
4481 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4482 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4483 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4484 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4488 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4489 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4501 if (!de && errno != 0)
4506 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4508 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4512 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4513 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4516 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4527 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4533 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4547 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4552 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4576 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4590 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4591 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4593 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4594 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4599 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4606 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4607 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4610 r = access(p, F_OK);
4618 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4619 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4622 r = access(p, F_OK);
4628 /* Get parent dev_t */
4629 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4632 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4638 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4644 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4645 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4648 r = access(p, F_OK);
4652 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4659 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4664 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4668 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4669 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4672 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4673 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4674 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4675 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4676 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4679 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4681 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4682 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4683 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4684 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4685 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4686 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4687 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4690 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4692 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4693 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4694 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4695 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4696 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4697 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4698 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4699 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4700 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4701 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4702 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4703 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4704 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4705 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4706 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4707 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4708 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4709 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4710 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4711 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4712 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4715 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4717 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4718 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4719 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4720 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4722 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4723 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4724 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4725 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4728 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4730 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4731 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4732 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4733 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4734 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4738 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4740 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4741 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4742 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4743 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4744 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4745 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4746 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4747 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4748 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4749 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4750 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4751 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4752 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4753 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4754 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4755 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4756 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4759 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4761 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4762 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4763 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4764 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4765 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4768 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4770 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4787 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4798 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4800 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4806 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4808 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4809 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4812 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4816 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4817 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4819 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4824 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4829 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4833 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4837 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4838 signo = (int) u + offset;
4839 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4845 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4846 bool loaded = false;
4849 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4857 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4875 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4877 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4886 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4893 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4896 static const struct {
4900 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4901 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4902 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4903 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4904 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4908 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4910 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4913 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4914 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4921 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4929 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4942 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4944 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4946 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4947 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
4950 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
4953 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4954 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4960 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4962 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4964 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
4965 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
4968 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
4971 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4972 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4977 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
4978 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
4980 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
4988 parent_pid = getpid();
4990 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
4997 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5004 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5005 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5006 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5008 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5009 * to set the death signal */
5010 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5011 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5013 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5014 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5016 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5017 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5019 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5020 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5021 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5022 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5023 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5024 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5025 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5026 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5027 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5029 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5030 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5034 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5037 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5043 /* Count arguments */
5045 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5050 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5052 /* Fill in arguments */
5054 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5055 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5059 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5062 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5063 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5067 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5073 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5074 * to get as close as we can */
5075 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5077 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5078 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5080 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5086 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5087 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5099 path = "/proc/self/environ";
5101 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5103 f = fopen(path, "re");
5111 char line[LINE_MAX];
5114 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5118 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5128 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5129 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5143 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5146 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5149 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5152 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5155 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5158 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5164 bool in_initrd(void) {
5165 static int saved = -1;
5171 /* We make two checks here:
5173 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5174 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5176 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5177 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5178 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5181 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5182 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5183 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5188 void warn_melody(void) {
5189 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5191 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5195 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5197 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5198 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5200 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5201 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5203 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5204 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5206 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5209 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5212 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5214 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5216 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5222 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5229 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5237 /* Take the user specified one */
5248 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5251 h = strdup("/root");
5259 /* Check the database... */
5263 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5265 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5268 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5276 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5284 /* Take the user specified one */
5285 e = getenv("SHELL");
5295 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5298 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5306 /* Check the database... */
5310 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5312 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5315 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5323 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5337 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5343 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5348 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5349 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5352 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5360 * Check if a string contains control characters.
5361 * Spaces and tabs are not considered control characters.
5363 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5368 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5369 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ' && *t != '\t')
5375 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5380 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5383 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5386 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5387 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5390 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5396 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5397 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5398 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5407 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5408 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5411 else if (comparison > 0)
5419 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5421 static int cached_answer = -1;
5423 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5426 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5427 cached_answer = true;
5431 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5433 cached_answer = true;
5437 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5438 cached_answer = true;
5442 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5443 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5444 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5446 cached_answer = true;
5450 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5454 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5455 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5459 return (bool) cached_answer;
5462 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5463 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5465 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5466 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5467 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5468 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5469 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5470 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217 ", /* ● */
5472 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5473 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5474 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5475 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5476 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5477 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5478 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "* ",
5482 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5485 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5488 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5494 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5495 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5508 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5514 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5515 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5523 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5535 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5536 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5541 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5543 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5549 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5551 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5553 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5557 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5562 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5564 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5565 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5566 else if (*i == '\t')
5573 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5576 } else if (*i == '[') {
5577 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5582 state = STATE_OTHER;
5589 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5590 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5593 state = STATE_OTHER;
5595 } else if (*i == 'm')
5596 state = STATE_OTHER;
5618 int on_ac_power(void) {
5619 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5620 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5622 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5628 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5634 if (!de && errno != 0)
5640 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5643 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5645 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5651 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5653 if (errno == ENOENT)
5659 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5663 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5666 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5667 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5669 if (errno == ENOENT)
5675 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5679 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5682 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5683 found_online = true;
5685 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5686 found_offline = true;
5691 return found_online || !found_offline;
5694 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5701 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_uniq(search))
5704 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5705 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5708 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5718 if (errno != ENOENT)
5725 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5726 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5732 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5735 f = fopen(path, mode);
5744 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5748 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5751 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5752 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5754 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5757 f = fopen(path, mode);
5766 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5770 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5773 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5780 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5787 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5792 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5801 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5811 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5825 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5833 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5837 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5844 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5851 if (*allocated >= need)
5854 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);
5856 /* check for overflows */
5869 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5878 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need);
5882 if (*allocated > prev)
5883 memset(&q[prev], 0, *allocated - prev);
5888 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5894 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5896 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5899 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5900 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5901 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5905 } else if (l == 36) {
5907 /* Formatted UUID */
5909 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5912 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5916 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5917 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5918 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5929 void parse_user_at_host(char *arg, char **user, char **host) {
5934 *host = strchr(arg, '@');
5943 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
5958 a = strndup(s, x - s);
5962 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
5974 int shall_restore_state(void) {
5975 _cleanup_free_ char *line;
5980 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
5983 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
5986 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state)
5987 if (l == 23 && strneq(w, "systemd.restore_state=0", 23))
5993 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
5996 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
6000 r = read_full_file("/proc/1/cmdline", &buf, &sz);
6004 for (p = buf; p + 1 < buf + sz; p++)
6013 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6020 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6021 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6029 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6030 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6038 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6041 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6051 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6052 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1;
6053 const char *pidns, *mntns, *root;
6061 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6062 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6066 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6067 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6071 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6072 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6076 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6077 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6085 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int root_fd) {
6086 assert(pidns_fd >= 0);
6087 assert(mntns_fd >= 0);
6088 assert(root_fd >= 0);
6090 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6093 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6096 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6099 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6102 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6105 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6111 bool pid_valid(pid_t pid) {
6115 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6118 return errno != ESRCH;
6121 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6122 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6129 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6133 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6136 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6137 * to namespacing issues */
6145 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6157 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6161 if (errno != ERANGE)
6168 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);