1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
32 #include <sys/resource.h>
33 #include <linux/sched.h>
34 #include <sys/types.h>
38 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
40 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
56 #include <sys/mount.h>
57 #include <linux/magic.h>
61 #include <sys/personality.h>
62 #include <sys/xattr.h>
63 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
67 /* When we include libgen.h because we need dirname() we immediately
68 * undefine basename() since libgen.h defines it as a macro to the XDG
69 * version which is really broken. */
73 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
85 #include "path-util.h"
86 #include "exit-status.h"
90 #include "device-nodes.h"
95 #include "sparse-endian.h"
97 /* Put this test here for a lack of better place */
98 assert_cc(EAGAIN == EWOULDBLOCK);
101 char **saved_argv = NULL;
103 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
104 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
106 size_t page_size(void) {
107 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
110 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
113 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
120 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
122 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
133 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
140 pl = strlen(postfix);
143 return (char*) s + sl;
148 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
151 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
154 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
161 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
162 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
163 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
174 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
181 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
184 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
188 static size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
189 char * buf_old = buf;
235 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
236 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
237 * g_strescape() does the same */
238 if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
240 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
241 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
242 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
248 return buf - buf_old;
251 int close_nointr(int fd) {
258 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
261 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
262 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
263 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
264 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
272 int safe_close(int fd) {
275 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
276 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
277 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
279 * fd = safe_close(fd);
285 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
286 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
287 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
288 * the fd was invalid at all... */
290 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
296 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
299 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
301 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
305 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
316 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
319 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
321 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
327 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
328 unsigned long ul = 0;
335 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
341 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
351 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
352 unsigned long ul = 0;
359 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
365 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
368 /* Some libc APIs use UID_INVALID as special placeholder */
369 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
372 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
373 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
380 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
388 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
390 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
391 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
393 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
396 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
400 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
408 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
410 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
411 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
413 if ((long) (int) l != l)
420 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
428 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
430 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
431 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
433 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
440 int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
448 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
450 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
451 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
453 if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
460 int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
468 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
470 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
471 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
473 if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
480 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
482 unsigned long long l;
488 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
490 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
491 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
497 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
505 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
507 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
508 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
514 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
522 loc = newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C", (locale_t) 0);
523 if (loc == (locale_t) 0)
527 d = strtod_l(s, &x, loc);
529 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno) {
531 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
539 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
540 bool escaped = false;
543 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
546 else if (s[n] == '\\')
548 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
552 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
556 /* Split a string into words. */
557 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
563 assert(**state == '\0');
567 current += strspn(current, separator);
573 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
574 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
576 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
577 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
578 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
579 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end */
583 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
584 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
586 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
587 if (current[*l] && !strchr(separator, current[*l])) {
588 /* unfinished escape */
592 *state = current + *l;
594 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
595 *state = current + *l;
601 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
603 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
615 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
616 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
620 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
621 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
622 * skip over it manually */
624 p = strrchr(line, ')');
636 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
639 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
644 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
649 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
655 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
658 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
662 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
666 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
670 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
671 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
675 p = strrchr(line, ')');
681 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
684 return (unsigned char) state;
687 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
694 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
696 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
703 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
704 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
712 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
718 if (max_length == 0) {
719 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
721 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
723 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
728 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
738 r = new(char, max_length);
744 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
766 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
773 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
775 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
783 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
787 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
796 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
808 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
813 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
817 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
820 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
825 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
831 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
833 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
836 static int get_process_link_contents(const char *proc_file, char **name) {
842 r = readlink_malloc(proc_file, name);
844 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
849 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
856 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
857 r = get_process_link_contents(p, name);
861 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
868 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
869 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
879 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
884 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
889 if (startswith(l, field)) {
891 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
893 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
895 return parse_uid(l, uid);
902 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
903 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
906 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
907 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
908 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
911 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd) {
916 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cwd");
918 return get_process_link_contents(p, cwd);
921 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root) {
926 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
928 return get_process_link_contents(p, root);
931 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **env) {
932 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
933 _cleanup_free_ char *outcome = NULL;
936 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
941 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
947 while ((c = fgetc(f)) != EOF) {
948 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(outcome, allocated, sz + 5))
952 outcome[sz++] = '\n';
954 sz += cescape_char(c, outcome + sz);
964 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
972 return strndup(suffix, b);
981 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
984 r = new(char, a+b+1);
989 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
995 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
996 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
999 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
1014 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
1021 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1032 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
1033 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
1036 int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
1037 _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
1041 r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
1045 value = basename(link);
1049 value = strdup(value);
1058 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1059 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
1066 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
1070 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1078 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1085 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1089 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1096 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1101 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1104 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1105 struct sigaction sa = {
1106 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
1107 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1110 /* These two cannot be caught... */
1111 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1114 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1115 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1116 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1117 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
1124 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
1127 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
1130 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
1136 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1139 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1140 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1142 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1144 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1145 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1153 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1156 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1158 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1159 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1170 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1177 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1178 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1181 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1182 return strdup(filename);
1184 e = strrchr(path, '/');
1186 return strdup(filename);
1188 k = strlen(filename);
1189 ret = new(char, (e + 1 - path) + k + 1);
1193 memcpy(mempcpy(ret, path, e + 1 - path), filename, k + 1);
1197 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1206 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1207 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1213 /* Skip last component */
1214 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1217 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1218 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1224 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1227 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1236 if (errno != ENOENT)
1243 char hexchar(int x) {
1244 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1246 return table[x & 15];
1249 int unhexchar(char c) {
1251 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1254 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1255 return c - 'a' + 10;
1257 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1258 return c - 'A' + 10;
1263 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1267 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1271 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1272 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1273 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1280 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1286 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1290 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1293 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1295 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1299 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1306 char octchar(int x) {
1307 return '0' + (x & 7);
1310 int unoctchar(char c) {
1312 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1318 char decchar(int x) {
1319 return '0' + (x % 10);
1322 int undecchar(char c) {
1324 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1330 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1336 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1338 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1342 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1343 t += cescape_char(*f, t);
1350 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1357 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1359 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1361 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1366 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1368 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1369 size_t remaining = s + length - f;
1370 assert(remaining > 0);
1372 if (*f != '\\') { /* a literal literal */
1377 if (--remaining == 0) { /* copy trailing backslash verbatim */
1418 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1423 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1426 if (remaining >= 2) {
1427 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1428 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1431 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1432 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1436 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1451 /* octal encoding */
1452 int a = -1, b = -1, c = -1;
1454 if (remaining >= 3) {
1455 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1456 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1457 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1460 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1461 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1465 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1473 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1484 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1485 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1488 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1491 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1494 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1498 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1499 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1502 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1506 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1508 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1509 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1512 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1513 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1523 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1528 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1529 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1530 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1535 _pure_ static bool hidden_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1539 filename[0] == '.' ||
1540 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1541 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1542 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1543 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1544 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1545 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1546 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1547 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1548 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1549 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-dist") ||
1550 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-bak") ||
1551 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-backup") ||
1552 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-remove") ||
1553 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1556 bool hidden_file(const char *filename) {
1559 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1562 return hidden_file_allow_backup(filename);
1565 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1570 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1575 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1577 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1579 if (nflags == flags)
1582 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1588 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1593 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1598 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1600 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1602 if (nflags == flags)
1605 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1611 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1614 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1616 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1623 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1624 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1628 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1630 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1635 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1636 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1639 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1640 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1642 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1645 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1646 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1653 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1656 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
1659 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1660 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1669 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1672 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1673 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1674 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1682 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1685 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1686 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1693 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1694 static const char table[] =
1709 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1713 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1717 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1719 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1725 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1729 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1732 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1735 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1741 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1742 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1743 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1748 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1749 new_termios = old_termios;
1751 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1752 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1753 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1755 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1758 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1759 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1760 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1765 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1767 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1773 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1780 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1781 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1786 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1787 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1791 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1801 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1811 bool need_nl = true;
1814 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1821 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1825 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1828 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1829 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1840 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1845 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1849 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1854 char line[LINE_MAX];
1858 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1865 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1870 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1871 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1873 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1892 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1893 struct termios termios;
1896 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1900 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1901 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1902 * interfere with that. */
1904 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1905 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1907 /* Switch to text mode */
1909 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1911 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1912 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1914 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1919 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1920 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1921 * else will do that for us */
1923 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1924 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1925 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1926 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1927 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1929 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1930 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1931 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1932 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1933 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1934 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1935 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1936 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1937 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1938 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1939 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1940 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1941 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1943 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1944 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1946 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1950 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1951 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1956 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1957 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1959 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1963 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1966 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1971 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1972 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1973 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1974 * retrying a couple of times.
1976 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1979 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1982 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1989 /* Max 1s in total */
1993 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2011 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2012 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2022 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
2032 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
2038 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2047 int acquire_terminal(
2051 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2054 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2059 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2060 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2061 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2063 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2064 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2065 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2066 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2067 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2068 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2069 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2070 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2072 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
2073 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2075 if (!fail && !force) {
2076 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2082 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2090 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2091 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2092 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2096 r = flush_fd(notify);
2101 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2102 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2103 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2104 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2108 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2109 * if we already own the tty. */
2110 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2112 /* First, try to get the tty */
2113 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2116 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2118 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2119 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2120 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2121 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2124 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2133 assert(notify >= 0);
2136 union inotify_event_buffer buffer;
2137 struct inotify_event *e;
2140 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2143 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2144 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2149 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2159 l = read(notify, &buffer, sizeof(buffer));
2161 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2168 FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, l) {
2169 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2178 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2179 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2180 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2181 * an endless loop. */
2182 fd = safe_close(fd);
2187 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2189 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to reset terminal: %m");
2200 int release_terminal(void) {
2201 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2202 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2203 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2206 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2207 struct sigaction sa_old;
2210 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2214 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2215 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2216 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2218 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2221 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2226 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2231 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2232 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2239 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2240 struct sigaction sa = {
2241 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2242 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2247 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2251 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2252 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2259 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2260 struct sigaction sa = {
2261 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2262 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2267 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2271 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2272 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2279 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2283 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2285 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2289 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2290 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2293 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2300 while (nbytes > 0) {
2303 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2308 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2310 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2311 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2314 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2318 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2332 int loop_read_exact(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2335 n = loop_read(fd, buf, nbytes, do_poll);
2338 if ((size_t) n != nbytes)
2343 int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2344 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2351 while (nbytes > 0) {
2354 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2359 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2360 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2361 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2364 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2371 if (k == 0) /* Can't really happen */
2381 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2383 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2384 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2385 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2386 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2387 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2388 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2389 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2391 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2392 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2393 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2394 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2399 unsigned long long factor;
2402 static const struct table iec[] = {
2403 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2404 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2405 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2406 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2407 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2413 static const struct table si[] = {
2414 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2415 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2416 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2417 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2418 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2424 const struct table *table;
2426 unsigned long long r = 0;
2427 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2430 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2435 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2438 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2444 unsigned long long l2;
2450 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2463 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2466 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2467 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2469 if (errno == ERANGE)
2472 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2479 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2481 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2482 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2483 unsigned long long tmp;
2484 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2486 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2487 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2491 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2494 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2510 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2515 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2516 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2517 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2522 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2525 /* Explicitly unset O_CLOEXEC, since if fd was < 3, then
2526 * dup2() was a NOP and the bit hence possibly set. */
2527 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2528 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2529 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2534 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2537 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2541 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2544 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2546 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2547 * sysfs or in /dev */
2550 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2551 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2554 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2555 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2566 if (!de && errno != 0)
2572 if (!hidden_file(de->d_name))
2577 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2578 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2595 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2596 static int have_syscall = -1;
2598 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2601 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2602 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2603 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2604 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2605 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2606 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2608 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2609 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2610 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2611 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2613 have_syscall = true;
2618 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2619 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2620 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2621 have_syscall = false;
2622 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2623 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2624 * remember to use the syscall the
2625 * next time, again, but also read
2626 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2627 * doesn't care about the current
2628 * amount of entropy. */
2629 have_syscall = true;
2633 /* too short read? */
2637 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2639 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2641 return loop_read_exact(fd, p, n, true);
2644 void initialize_srand(void) {
2645 static bool srand_called = false;
2647 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2656 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2657 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in auxv, so
2658 * let's try to make use of that to seed the pseudo-random
2659 * generator. It's better than nothing... */
2661 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2663 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2666 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2667 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2670 srand_called = true;
2673 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2677 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2681 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2682 * get a PRNG instead. */
2686 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2690 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2693 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2694 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2695 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2696 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2697 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2698 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2701 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2703 if (program_invocation_name)
2704 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2706 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2710 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2712 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2716 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2721 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2728 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2729 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2733 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2738 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2741 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2742 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2745 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2751 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2754 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2756 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2757 return strdup(u.nodename);
2759 return strdup(u.sysname);
2762 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2765 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2767 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2770 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2773 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2774 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2776 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2778 return strdup("root");
2780 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2784 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2788 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2789 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2791 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2797 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2801 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2806 return lookup_uid(uid);
2809 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2816 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2819 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
2829 r = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2834 p = startswith(path, "/dev/");
2835 c = strdup(p ?: path);
2852 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2856 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2860 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2862 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2869 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2871 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2873 unsigned long ttynr;
2877 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2878 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2882 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2892 "%*d " /* session */
2897 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2906 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2907 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2908 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2915 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2919 sprintf(fn, "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2921 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2927 /* This is an ugly hack */
2928 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2929 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2933 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2934 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2935 * vaguely useful. */
2941 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2943 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2961 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2962 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2967 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2968 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2974 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2979 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2986 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2991 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2994 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2996 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2997 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2998 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3003 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3006 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3007 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3009 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3010 keep_around = false;
3016 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
3017 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
3020 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
3021 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3022 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
3023 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3028 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3029 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3033 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3034 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3038 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3040 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3041 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3048 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
3051 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
3052 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
3055 int is_fd_on_temporary_fs(int fd) {
3058 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
3061 return is_temporary_fs(&s);
3064 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3069 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3074 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3075 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3077 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3078 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3083 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3086 static int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
3091 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
3095 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3096 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3099 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3105 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3106 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3107 * seriously broken system. */
3108 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3109 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3113 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3116 if (errno != ENOTDIR && errno != ELOOP)
3120 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3123 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3124 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3129 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3130 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3137 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3142 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3143 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3149 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3152 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3155 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3164 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3165 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3168 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3169 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3172 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3175 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3176 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3177 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3179 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3180 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3183 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3184 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3190 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3193 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3194 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3195 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3197 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3198 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3201 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3202 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3208 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3212 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3215 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3218 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3219 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3229 if (errno != EINVAL)
3236 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3237 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3238 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3239 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3240 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3242 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3246 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3247 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3249 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3252 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3265 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3271 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3279 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3280 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3283 if (!isempty(status)) {
3284 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3285 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3286 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3288 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3291 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3293 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3295 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3301 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3307 va_start(ap, format);
3308 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3314 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3321 const char *e, *word = format;
3326 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3337 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
3347 } else if (*e == '$') {
3348 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3365 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3367 k = strappend(r, t);
3381 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3393 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3395 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3397 l = strv_length(argv);
3399 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3403 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3405 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3406 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3411 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3415 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, true);
3427 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3437 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3445 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3446 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3458 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3459 struct winsize ws = {};
3461 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3470 unsigned columns(void) {
3474 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3475 return cached_columns;
3478 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3480 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3483 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3489 return cached_columns;
3492 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3493 struct winsize ws = {};
3495 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3504 unsigned lines(void) {
3508 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3509 return cached_lines;
3512 e = getenv("LINES");
3514 (void) safe_atoi(e, &l);
3517 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3523 return cached_lines;
3526 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3527 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3533 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3535 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3536 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3538 return cached_on_tty;
3541 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3544 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3547 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3550 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3551 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3554 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3557 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3564 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3569 assert(percent <= 100);
3570 assert(new_length >= 3);
3572 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3573 return strndup(s, old_length);
3575 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3579 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3581 if (x > new_length - 3)
3589 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3590 new_length - x - 3);
3595 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3599 unsigned k, len, len2;
3602 assert(percent <= 100);
3603 assert(new_length >= 3);
3605 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3606 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3607 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3609 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3610 return strndup(s, old_length);
3612 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3614 if (x > new_length - 3)
3618 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3621 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3624 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3627 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3630 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3633 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3634 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3637 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3641 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3643 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3645 /* make space for ellipsis */
3646 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3649 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3650 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3655 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3656 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3660 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3664 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3669 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3670 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3673 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3674 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3680 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3682 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3687 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3692 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
3693 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3698 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3699 struct timespec ts[2];
3701 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3703 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3705 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3712 int touch(const char *path) {
3713 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
3716 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3720 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3721 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3722 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3729 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3730 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3735 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3736 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
3740 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3750 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3755 name = strndupa(s, eq - s);
3756 p = strdupa(eq + 1);
3758 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3762 return strjoin(strstrip(name), "=", value, NULL);
3765 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3776 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3790 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3791 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3792 * failed for an unknown reason.
3793 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3796 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3797 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3799 * A warning is emitted if the process terminates abnormally,
3800 * and also if it returns non-zero unless check_exit_code is true.
3802 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid, bool check_exit_code) {
3809 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3811 return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to wait for %s: %m", name);
3813 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3814 if (status.si_status != 0)
3815 log_full(check_exit_code ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
3816 "%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3818 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3820 return status.si_status;
3821 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3822 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3824 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3828 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3832 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3834 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3835 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3843 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3846 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3849 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3855 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3860 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3863 return null_or_empty(&st);
3866 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3871 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3874 return null_or_empty(&st);
3877 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3881 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3883 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3896 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3900 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3902 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3903 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3908 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3909 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3912 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3916 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3917 t = new(char, enc_len);
3921 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3924 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3927 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3930 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3931 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3933 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3934 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3936 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3937 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3939 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3940 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3945 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3948 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3951 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3954 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3957 return streq(tty, "console");
3960 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3965 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3968 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3971 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3974 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3978 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3984 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3987 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3988 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3990 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3993 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3996 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3997 * /dev/console points to */
3998 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
4004 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
4007 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
4008 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
4010 tty = *active = tmp;
4017 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
4018 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
4022 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4025 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
4026 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
4031 return tty_is_vc(tty);
4034 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4037 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt220";
4040 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
4043 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
4046 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4047 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4048 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4054 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4057 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4058 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4059 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4062 if (hidden_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
4065 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4068 static int do_execute(char **directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4069 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4070 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *seen = NULL;
4073 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that we can
4074 * somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set a time limit */
4076 reset_all_signal_handlers();
4077 reset_signal_mask();
4079 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4081 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
4085 seen = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
4089 STRV_FOREACH(directory, directories) {
4090 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
4093 d = opendir(*directory);
4095 if (errno == ENOENT)
4098 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open directory %s: %m", *directory);
4101 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
4102 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4106 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4109 if (set_contains(seen, de->d_name)) {
4110 log_debug("%1$s/%2$s skipped (%2$s was already seen).", *directory, de->d_name);
4114 r = set_put_strdup(seen, de->d_name);
4118 path = strjoin(*directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
4122 if (null_or_empty_path(path)) {
4123 log_debug("%s is empty (a mask).", path);
4129 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4131 } else if (pid == 0) {
4134 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4144 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4147 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
4149 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
4156 /* Abort execution of this process after the timout. We simply
4157 * rely on SIGALRM as default action terminating the process,
4158 * and turn on alarm(). */
4160 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
4161 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
4163 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4164 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4167 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4170 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
4173 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid, true);
4179 void execute_directories(const char* const* directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4183 char **dirs = (char**) directories;
4185 assert(!strv_isempty(dirs));
4187 name = basename(dirs[0]);
4188 assert(!isempty(name));
4190 /* Executes all binaries in the directories in parallel and waits
4191 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. If a file
4192 * with the same name exists in more than one directory, the
4193 * earliest one wins. */
4195 executor_pid = fork();
4196 if (executor_pid < 0) {
4197 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4200 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
4201 r = do_execute(dirs, timeout, argv);
4202 _exit(r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
4205 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(name, executor_pid, true);
4208 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4211 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4219 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4225 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4226 if (streq(i, needle))
4232 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4233 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4236 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4245 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4247 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4248 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4249 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4255 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4262 /* Doesn't accept empty hostnames, hostnames with trailing or
4263 * leading dots, and hostnames with multiple dots in a
4264 * sequence. Also ensures that the length stays below
4267 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4274 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4284 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4290 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4294 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4301 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4302 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4313 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4318 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4320 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4323 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4324 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4333 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4334 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4336 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4341 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4348 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4351 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4353 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4361 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4368 return pollfd.revents;
4371 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4380 r = tempfn_xxxxxx(path, &t);
4384 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4390 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4403 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4406 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4412 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4413 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4415 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4419 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4422 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4426 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4427 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4428 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4430 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4433 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4434 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4435 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4437 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4442 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4443 "\033[H" /* move home */
4444 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4451 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4454 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4461 /* Try to deallocate */
4462 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4466 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4475 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4477 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4482 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4483 "\033[H" /* move home */
4484 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4491 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4492 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4498 r = tempfn_random(to, &t);
4502 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4505 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4513 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4514 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4519 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4523 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4526 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4534 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4535 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4540 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4544 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4547 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4555 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4559 display[0] == ':' &&
4560 display[1] >= '0' &&
4564 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4571 if (!display_is_local(display))
4574 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4576 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4580 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4581 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4590 const char **username,
4591 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4593 const char **shell) {
4601 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4602 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4604 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4622 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4626 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4627 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4628 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4629 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4630 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4632 *username = p->pw_name;
4635 p = getpwnam(*username);
4639 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4651 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4656 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4661 return strdup("root");
4665 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4667 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4673 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4678 return strdup("root");
4682 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4684 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4690 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4696 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4697 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4699 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4700 *groupname = "root";
4708 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4713 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4716 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4720 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4728 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4730 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4732 if (getgid() == gid)
4735 if (getegid() == gid)
4738 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4739 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4741 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4743 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4747 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4754 int in_group(const char *name) {
4758 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4765 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4766 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4772 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4774 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4776 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4779 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4781 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4784 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4785 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4790 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4792 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4794 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4796 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4797 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4799 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4800 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4808 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4814 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4817 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4821 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4822 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4823 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4824 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4825 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4826 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4827 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4833 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4834 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4835 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4836 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4840 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4841 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4853 if (!de && errno != 0)
4858 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4860 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4864 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4865 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4868 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4879 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4885 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4899 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4904 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4928 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4942 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4943 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4945 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4946 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4951 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4958 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4959 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4962 r = access(p, F_OK);
4970 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4971 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4974 r = access(p, F_OK);
4980 /* Get parent dev_t */
4981 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4984 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4990 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4996 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4997 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
5000 r = access(p, F_OK);
5004 *ret = makedev(m, n);
5011 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
5012 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
5013 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
5014 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
5015 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
5018 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
5020 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
5021 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
5022 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
5023 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
5024 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
5025 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
5026 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
5029 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
5031 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
5032 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
5033 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
5034 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
5035 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
5036 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
5037 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
5038 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
5039 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
5040 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
5041 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
5042 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
5043 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5044 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5045 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5046 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5047 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5048 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5049 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5050 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5051 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5054 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
5056 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5057 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5058 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5059 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5061 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5062 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5063 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5064 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5067 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
5069 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5070 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5071 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5072 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5073 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5077 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
5079 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
5080 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5081 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5082 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5083 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5084 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5085 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5086 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5087 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5088 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5089 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5090 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5091 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5092 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5093 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5094 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5095 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5098 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5100 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5101 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5102 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5103 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5104 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5107 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
5109 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5126 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5137 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5139 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5145 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5147 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5148 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
5151 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5155 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5156 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5158 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
5163 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5168 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
5172 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5176 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5177 signo = (int) u + offset;
5178 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5184 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5185 bool loaded = false;
5188 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5196 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5198 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5207 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5214 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5217 static const struct {
5221 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5222 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5223 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5224 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5225 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5229 if (t == (off_t) -1)
5232 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5234 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5237 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5238 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5245 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5253 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5266 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5268 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5270 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5271 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5274 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5277 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5278 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5284 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5286 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5288 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5289 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5292 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5295 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5296 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5301 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5302 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5303 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5304 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5312 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5315 parent_pid = getpid();
5317 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5318 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5319 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5320 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5321 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5324 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5325 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5329 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5330 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5337 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5338 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5339 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5341 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5342 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5343 * SIGTERM or so... */
5344 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5345 reset_signal_mask();
5347 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5348 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5349 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5350 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5352 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5353 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5355 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5356 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5358 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5361 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5362 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5363 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5364 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5365 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5366 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5367 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5368 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5370 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5371 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5375 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5378 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5384 /* Count arguments */
5386 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5391 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5393 /* Fill in arguments */
5395 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5396 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5400 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5403 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5404 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5408 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5414 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5415 * to get as close as we can */
5416 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5418 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5419 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5421 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5427 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5428 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5439 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5441 f = fopen(path, "re");
5449 char line[LINE_MAX];
5452 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5456 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5466 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5467 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5481 bool http_etag_is_valid(const char *etag) {
5485 if (!endswith(etag, "\""))
5488 if (!startswith(etag, "\"") && !startswith(etag, "W/\""))
5494 bool http_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
5500 p = startswith(url, "http://");
5502 p = startswith(url, "https://");
5509 return ascii_is_valid(p);
5512 bool documentation_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
5518 if (http_url_is_valid(url))
5521 p = startswith(url, "file:/");
5523 p = startswith(url, "info:");
5525 p = startswith(url, "man:");
5530 return ascii_is_valid(p);
5533 bool in_initrd(void) {
5534 static int saved = -1;
5540 /* We make two checks here:
5542 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5543 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5545 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5546 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5547 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5550 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5551 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5552 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5557 void warn_melody(void) {
5558 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5560 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5564 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5566 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5567 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5569 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5570 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5572 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5573 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5575 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5578 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5581 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5583 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5585 return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to acquire terminal: %m");
5589 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %m");
5594 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5602 /* Take the user specified one */
5603 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5604 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5613 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5616 h = strdup("/root");
5624 /* Check the database... */
5628 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5630 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5633 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5641 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5649 /* Take the user specified one */
5650 e = getenv("SHELL");
5660 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5663 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5671 /* Check the database... */
5675 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5677 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5680 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5688 bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) {
5702 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5708 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5714 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5715 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5718 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5726 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5727 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5729 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5734 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5735 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5738 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5748 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5753 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5756 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5759 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5760 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5763 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5769 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5770 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5771 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5780 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5781 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5784 else if (comparison > 0)
5792 void init_gettext(void) {
5793 setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
5794 textdomain(GETTEXT_PACKAGE);
5797 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5799 static int cached_answer = -1;
5801 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5804 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5805 cached_answer = true;
5809 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5811 cached_answer = true;
5815 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5816 cached_answer = true;
5820 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5821 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5822 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5824 cached_answer = true;
5828 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5832 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5833 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5837 return (bool) cached_answer;
5840 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5841 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5844 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5845 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5846 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5847 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5848 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5849 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5850 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5851 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5854 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5855 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5856 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5857 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5858 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5859 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5860 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5861 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5866 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5869 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5872 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5878 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5879 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5892 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5898 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5899 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5907 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5919 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5920 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5925 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5927 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5933 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5935 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5937 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5941 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5946 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5948 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5949 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5950 else if (*i == '\t')
5957 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5960 } else if (*i == '[') {
5961 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5966 state = STATE_OTHER;
5973 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5974 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5977 state = STATE_OTHER;
5979 } else if (*i == 'm')
5980 state = STATE_OTHER;
6002 int on_ac_power(void) {
6003 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
6004 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
6006 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
6008 return errno == ENOENT ? true : -errno;
6012 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
6018 if (!de && errno != 0)
6024 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
6027 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
6029 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
6035 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
6037 if (errno == ENOENT)
6043 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
6047 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
6051 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
6053 if (errno == ENOENT)
6059 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
6063 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
6066 if (contents[0] == '1') {
6067 found_online = true;
6069 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
6070 found_offline = true;
6075 return found_online || !found_offline;
6078 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
6085 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
6088 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
6089 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
6093 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
6095 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
6105 if (errno != ENOENT)
6112 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
6113 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
6119 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6122 f = fopen(path, mode);
6131 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
6135 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
6138 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
6139 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
6141 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6144 f = fopen(path, mode);
6153 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
6157 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
6160 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
6167 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
6174 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6179 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
6188 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
6198 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6212 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
6220 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
6224 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
6231 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6238 if (*allocated >= need)
6241 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6242 a = newalloc * size;
6244 /* check for overflows */
6245 if (a < size * need)
6253 *allocated = newalloc;
6257 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6266 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6270 if (*allocated > prev)
6271 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6276 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6282 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6284 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6287 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6288 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6289 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6293 } else if (l == 36) {
6295 /* Formatted UUID */
6297 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6300 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6304 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6305 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6306 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6317 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6332 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6336 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6348 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6349 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
6352 r = get_proc_cmdline_key("systemd.restore_state=", &value);
6358 return parse_boolean(value) != 0;
6361 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6364 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
6365 return get_process_cmdline(1, 0, false, ret);
6367 return read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6370 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6371 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6377 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6383 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6386 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6392 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6394 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6397 value = strchr(word, '=');
6401 r = parse_item(word, value);
6409 int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *key, char **value) {
6410 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *ret = NULL;
6417 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6423 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6426 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6432 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6434 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6438 e = startswith(word, key);
6442 r = free_and_strdup(&ret, e);
6448 if (streq(word, key))
6462 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6463 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6471 p = strjoina("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6472 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6480 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6483 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6493 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6494 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6502 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6503 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6511 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6512 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6520 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6521 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6529 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6530 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6536 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6539 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6542 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6547 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6552 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6555 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6559 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6563 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6567 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6570 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6574 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6577 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6580 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6586 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6587 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6592 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6595 return errno != ESRCH;
6598 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6601 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6606 r = get_process_state(pid);
6607 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6613 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6614 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6621 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6625 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6628 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6629 * to namespacing issues */
6632 if (u.uid == UID_INVALID)
6634 if (u.gid == GID_INVALID)
6641 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6653 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6657 if (errno != ERANGE)
6664 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6680 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6681 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6682 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6689 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6696 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6703 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6704 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6709 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6710 p = strjoina(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6712 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6720 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6723 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6726 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6727 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6729 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6730 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6732 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6733 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6738 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6740 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6741 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6742 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6743 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6744 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6745 * used by libseccomp. */
6747 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6749 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6752 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6755 #elif defined(__i386__)
6757 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6761 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6762 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6763 * as error indicator. */
6764 return 0xffffffffUL;
6767 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6769 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6771 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6777 #elif defined(__i386__)
6786 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6789 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6790 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6792 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6795 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6798 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6799 const uint8_t *b = p;
6802 assert(s == 0 || b);
6807 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6809 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6814 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6822 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6827 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6841 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6846 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6848 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6849 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6851 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6856 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6860 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6861 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6862 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6865 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6870 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6871 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6875 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6878 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6879 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6880 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6881 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6882 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6883 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6884 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6885 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6886 "- " /* (8) separator */
6887 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6888 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6889 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6890 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6899 p = cunescape(path);
6903 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6906 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6922 static int get_mount_flags(const char *path, unsigned long *flags) {
6925 if (statvfs(path, &buf) < 0)
6927 *flags = buf.f_flag;
6931 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6932 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6933 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6936 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6937 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6938 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6939 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6940 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6941 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6942 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6943 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6944 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6945 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6946 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6947 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6948 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6950 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6954 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6956 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6961 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6962 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6963 bool top_autofs = false;
6965 unsigned long orig_flags;
6967 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6971 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6972 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6976 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6979 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6980 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6981 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6982 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6983 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6984 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6985 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6986 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6987 "- " /* (8) separator */
6988 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6989 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6990 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6991 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
7001 p = cunescape(path);
7005 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
7006 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
7007 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
7008 * future submounts anyway. If they are
7009 * already triggered, then we will find
7010 * another entry for this. */
7011 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
7012 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
7016 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
7017 !set_contains(done, p)) {
7019 r = set_consume(todo, p);
7029 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
7030 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
7032 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
7033 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
7036 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
7037 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
7038 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
7039 * mount, make it one. */
7040 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
7044 (void) get_mount_flags(cleaned, &orig_flags);
7045 orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
7047 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
7050 x = strdup(cleaned);
7054 r = set_consume(done, x);
7059 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
7061 r = set_consume(done, x);
7067 /* Try to reuse the original flag set, but
7068 * don't care for errors, in case of
7069 * obstructed mounts */
7071 (void) get_mount_flags(x, &orig_flags);
7072 orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
7074 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
7076 /* Deal with mount points that are
7077 * obstructed by a later mount */
7079 if (errno != ENOENT)
7087 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
7094 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
7099 int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, char **ret) {
7111 * /foo/bar/.#waldoXXXXXX
7115 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7118 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 6 + 1);
7122 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), "XXXXXX");
7124 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7128 int tempfn_random(const char *p, char **ret) {
7142 * /foo/bar/.#waldobaa2a261115984a9
7146 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7149 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 16 + 1);
7153 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn);
7156 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7157 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7163 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7167 int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, char **ret) {
7178 * /foo/bar/waldo/.#3c2b6219aa75d7d0
7181 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 3 + 16 + 1);
7185 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(t, p), "/.#");
7188 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7189 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7195 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7199 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
7200 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
7203 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
7204 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
7206 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
7207 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
7208 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
7209 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
7210 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
7211 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
7212 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
7213 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
7216 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
7218 struct flock flock = {
7220 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7228 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
7229 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
7230 * our own trivial version of this.
7232 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
7233 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
7234 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
7235 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
7236 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
7239 path = strjoina(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
7241 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
7243 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
7247 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
7256 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
7259 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
7262 return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
7265 int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
7270 r = stat(path, &st);
7272 r = lstat(path, &st);
7276 return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
7279 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax) {
7280 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
7281 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
7288 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7290 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7298 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
7299 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
7300 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
7301 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
7311 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7321 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7323 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
7325 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7326 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7329 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7344 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7357 } else if (c == '\'')
7360 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7362 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7370 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7377 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7381 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7390 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7392 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7400 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7407 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7411 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7417 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7439 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
7444 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7445 * quotes if necessary. */
7449 /* Count how many words are expected */
7452 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7461 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7462 l = newa0(char*, n);
7463 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7465 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c], false);
7469 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7479 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7482 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7485 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7495 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7500 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7501 * possibly freeing the old one. */
7516 int sethostname_idempotent(const char *s) {
7518 char buf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1] = {};
7522 r = gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf));
7529 r = sethostname(s, strlen(s));
7536 int ptsname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
7549 if (ptsname_r(fd, c, l) == 0) {
7553 if (errno != ERANGE) {
7563 int openpt_in_namespace(pid_t pid, int flags) {
7564 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, rootfd = -1;
7565 _cleanup_close_pair_ int pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
7567 struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
7568 uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
7570 struct msghdr mh = {
7571 .msg_control = &control,
7572 .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
7574 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
7581 r = namespace_open(pid, &pidnsfd, &mntnsfd, NULL, &rootfd);
7585 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, pair) < 0)
7595 pair[0] = safe_close(pair[0]);
7597 r = namespace_enter(pidnsfd, mntnsfd, -1, rootfd);
7599 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7601 master = posix_openpt(flags);
7603 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7605 cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
7606 cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
7607 cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
7608 cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
7609 memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &master, sizeof(int));
7611 mh.msg_controllen = cmsg->cmsg_len;
7613 if (sendmsg(pair[1], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0)
7614 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7616 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
7619 pair[1] = safe_close(pair[1]);
7621 r = wait_for_terminate(child, &si);
7624 if (si.si_code != CLD_EXITED || si.si_status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
7627 if (recvmsg(pair[0], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL|MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC) < 0)
7630 for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&mh, cmsg))
7631 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS) {
7635 fds = (int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
7636 n_fds = (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int);
7639 close_many(fds, n_fds);
7649 ssize_t fgetxattrat_fake(int dirfd, const char *filename, const char *attribute, void *value, size_t size, int flags) {
7650 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7653 /* The kernel doesn't have a fgetxattrat() command, hence let's emulate one */
7655 fd = openat(dirfd, filename, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOATIME|(flags & AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW ? O_NOFOLLOW : 0));
7659 l = fgetxattr(fd, attribute, value, size);
7666 static int parse_crtime(le64_t le, usec_t *usec) {
7672 if (u == 0 || u == (uint64_t) -1)
7679 int fd_getcrtime(int fd, usec_t *usec) {
7686 /* Until Linux gets a real concept of birthtime/creation time,
7687 * let's fake one with xattrs */
7689 n = fgetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
7692 if (n != sizeof(le))
7695 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7698 int fd_getcrtime_at(int dirfd, const char *name, usec_t *usec, int flags) {
7702 n = fgetxattrat_fake(dirfd, name, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), flags);
7705 if (n != sizeof(le))
7708 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7711 int path_getcrtime(const char *p, usec_t *usec) {
7718 n = getxattr(p, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
7721 if (n != sizeof(le))
7724 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7727 int fd_setcrtime(int fd, usec_t usec) {
7733 usec = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
7735 le = htole64((uint64_t) usec);
7736 if (fsetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), 0) < 0)
7742 int same_fd(int a, int b) {
7743 struct stat sta, stb;
7750 /* Compares two file descriptors. Note that semantics are
7751 * quite different depending on whether we have kcmp() or we
7752 * don't. If we have kcmp() this will only return true for
7753 * dup()ed file descriptors, but not otherwise. If we don't
7754 * have kcmp() this will also return true for two fds of the same
7755 * file, created by separate open() calls. Since we use this
7756 * call mostly for filtering out duplicates in the fd store
7757 * this difference hopefully doesn't matter too much. */
7762 /* Try to use kcmp() if we have it. */
7764 r = kcmp(pid, pid, KCMP_FILE, a, b);
7769 if (errno != ENOSYS)
7772 /* We don't have kcmp(), use fstat() instead. */
7773 if (fstat(a, &sta) < 0)
7776 if (fstat(b, &stb) < 0)
7779 if ((sta.st_mode & S_IFMT) != (stb.st_mode & S_IFMT))
7782 /* We consider all device fds different, since two device fds
7783 * might refer to quite different device contexts even though
7784 * they share the same inode and backing dev_t. */
7786 if (S_ISCHR(sta.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sta.st_mode))
7789 if (sta.st_dev != stb.st_dev || sta.st_ino != stb.st_ino)
7792 /* The fds refer to the same inode on disk, let's also check
7793 * if they have the same fd flags. This is useful to
7794 * distuingish the read and write side of a pipe created with
7796 fa = fcntl(a, F_GETFL);
7800 fb = fcntl(b, F_GETFL);
7807 int chattr_fd(int fd, bool b, unsigned mask) {
7808 unsigned old_attr, new_attr;
7815 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &old_attr) < 0)
7819 new_attr = old_attr | mask;
7821 new_attr = old_attr & ~mask;
7823 if (new_attr == old_attr)
7826 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &new_attr) < 0)
7832 int chattr_path(const char *p, bool b, unsigned mask) {
7833 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7840 fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
7844 return chattr_fd(fd, b, mask);
7847 int read_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned *ret) {
7850 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, ret) < 0)
7856 int read_attr_path(const char *p, unsigned *ret) {
7857 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7862 fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
7866 return read_attr_fd(fd, ret);
7869 int make_lock_file(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret) {
7870 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7871 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
7875 * We use UNPOSIX locks if they are available. They have nice
7876 * semantics, and are mostly compatible with NFS. However,
7877 * they are only available on new kernels. When we detect we
7878 * are running on an older kernel, then we fall back to good
7879 * old BSD locks. They also have nice semantics, but are
7880 * slightly problematic on NFS, where they are upgraded to
7881 * POSIX locks, even though locally they are orthogonal to
7891 .l_type = (operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_EX ? F_WRLCK : F_RDLCK,
7892 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7896 fd = open(p, O_CREAT|O_RDWR|O_NOFOLLOW|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0600);
7900 r = fcntl(fd, (operation & LOCK_NB) ? F_OFD_SETLK : F_OFD_SETLKW, &fl);
7903 /* If the kernel is too old, use good old BSD locks */
7904 if (errno == EINVAL)
7905 r = flock(fd, operation);
7908 return errno == EAGAIN ? -EBUSY : -errno;
7911 /* If we acquired the lock, let's check if the file
7912 * still exists in the file system. If not, then the
7913 * previous exclusive owner removed it and then closed
7914 * it. In such a case our acquired lock is worthless,
7915 * hence try again. */
7920 if (st.st_nlink > 0)
7923 fd = safe_close(fd);
7928 ret->operation = operation;
7936 int make_lock_file_for(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret) {
7944 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7947 t = newa(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 4 + 1);
7948 stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), ".lck");
7950 return make_lock_file(t, operation, ret);
7953 void release_lock_file(LockFile *f) {
7961 /* If we are the exclusive owner we can safely delete
7962 * the lock file itself. If we are not the exclusive
7963 * owner, we can try becoming it. */
7966 (f->operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_SH) {
7967 static const struct flock fl = {
7969 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7972 r = fcntl(f->fd, F_OFD_SETLK, &fl);
7973 if (r < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
7974 r = flock(f->fd, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB);
7977 f->operation = LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB;
7980 if ((f->operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_EX)
7981 unlink_noerrno(f->path);
7987 f->fd = safe_close(f->fd);
7991 static size_t nul_length(const uint8_t *p, size_t sz) {
8006 ssize_t sparse_write(int fd, const void *p, size_t sz, size_t run_length) {
8007 const uint8_t *q, *w, *e;
8015 n = nul_length(q, e - q);
8017 /* If there are more than the specified run length of
8018 * NUL bytes, or if this is the beginning or the end
8019 * of the buffer, then seek instead of write */
8020 if ((n > run_length) ||
8021 (n > 0 && q == p) ||
8022 (n > 0 && q + n >= e)) {
8024 l = write(fd, w, q - w);
8031 if (lseek(fd, n, SEEK_CUR) == (off_t) -1)
8043 l = write(fd, w, q - w);
8050 return q - (const uint8_t*) p;
8053 void sigkill_wait(pid_t *pid) {
8059 if (kill(*pid, SIGKILL) > 0)
8060 (void) wait_for_terminate(*pid, NULL);
8063 int syslog_parse_priority(const char **p, int *priority, bool with_facility) {
8064 int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
8074 if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
8077 if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
8078 c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
8080 } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
8081 b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
8082 c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
8084 } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
8085 a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
8086 b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
8087 c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
8092 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 ||
8093 (!with_facility && (a || b || c > 7)))
8097 *priority = a*100 + b*10 + c;
8099 *priority = (*priority & LOG_FACMASK) | c;
8105 ssize_t string_table_lookup(const char * const *table, size_t len, const char *key) {
8111 for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
8112 if (streq_ptr(table[i], key))
8118 void cmsg_close_all(struct msghdr *mh) {
8119 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
8123 for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mh); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(mh, cmsg))
8124 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS)
8125 close_many((int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg), (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int));
8128 int rename_noreplace(int olddirfd, const char *oldpath, int newdirfd, const char *newpath) {
8132 ret = renameat2(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, RENAME_NOREPLACE);
8136 /* Even though renameat2() exists since Linux 3.15, btrfs added
8137 * support for it later. If it is not implemented, fallback to another
8139 if (errno != EINVAL)
8142 /* The link()/unlink() fallback does not work on directories. But
8143 * renameat() without RENAME_NOREPLACE gives the same semantics on
8144 * directories, except when newpath is an *empty* directory. This is
8146 ret = fstatat(olddirfd, oldpath, &buf, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
8147 if (ret >= 0 && S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode)) {
8148 ret = renameat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath);
8149 return ret >= 0 ? 0 : -errno;
8152 /* If it is not a directory, use the link()/unlink() fallback. */
8153 ret = linkat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, 0);
8157 ret = unlinkat(olddirfd, oldpath, 0);
8159 /* backup errno before the following unlinkat() alters it */
8161 (void) unlinkat(newdirfd, newpath, 0);