1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
44 #include <sys/prctl.h>
45 #include <sys/utsname.h>
47 #include <netinet/ip.h>
56 #include <sys/mount.h>
57 #include <linux/magic.h>
61 #include <sys/personality.h>
65 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
77 #include "path-util.h"
78 #include "exit-status.h"
82 #include "device-nodes.h"
89 char **saved_argv = NULL;
91 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
94 size_t page_size(void) {
95 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
98 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
101 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
108 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
110 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
121 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
128 pl = strlen(postfix);
131 return (char*) s + sl;
136 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
139 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
142 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
149 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
150 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
151 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
162 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
169 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
172 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
176 static size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
177 char * buf_old = buf;
223 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
224 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
225 * g_strescape() does the same */
226 if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
228 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
229 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
230 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
236 return buf - buf_old;
239 int close_nointr(int fd) {
246 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
249 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
250 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
251 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
252 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
260 int safe_close(int fd) {
263 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
264 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
265 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
267 * fd = safe_close(fd);
273 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
274 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
275 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
276 * the fd was invalid at all... */
278 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
284 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
287 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
289 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
293 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
304 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
307 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
309 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
315 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
316 unsigned long ul = 0;
323 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
329 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
339 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
340 unsigned long ul = 0;
347 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
353 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
356 /* Some libc APIs use UID_INVALID as special placeholder */
357 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
360 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
361 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
368 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
376 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
378 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
379 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
381 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
384 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
388 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
396 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
398 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
399 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
401 if ((long) (int) l != l)
408 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
416 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
418 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
419 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
421 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
428 int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
436 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
438 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
439 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
441 if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
448 int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
456 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
458 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
459 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
461 if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
468 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
470 unsigned long long l;
476 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
478 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
479 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
485 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
493 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
495 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
496 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
502 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
509 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
514 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
515 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
521 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
522 bool escaped = false;
525 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
528 else if (s[n] == '\\')
530 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
534 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
538 /* Split a string into words. */
539 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
545 assert(**state == '\0');
549 current += strspn(current, separator);
555 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
556 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
558 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
559 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
560 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
561 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end */
565 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
566 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
568 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
569 if (current[*l] && !strchr(separator, current[*l])) {
570 /* unfinished escape */
574 *state = current + *l;
576 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
577 *state = current + *l;
583 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
585 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
597 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
598 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
602 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
603 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
604 * skip over it manually */
606 p = strrchr(line, ')');
618 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
621 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
626 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
631 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
637 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
640 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
644 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
648 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
652 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
653 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
657 p = strrchr(line, ')');
663 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
666 return (unsigned char) state;
669 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
676 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
678 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
685 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
686 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
694 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
700 if (max_length == 0) {
701 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
703 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
705 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
710 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
720 r = new(char, max_length);
726 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
748 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
755 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
757 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
765 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
769 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
778 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
790 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
795 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
799 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
802 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
807 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
813 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
815 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
818 static int get_process_link_contents(const char *proc_file, char **name) {
824 r = readlink_malloc(proc_file, name);
826 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
831 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
838 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
839 r = get_process_link_contents(p, name);
843 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
850 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
851 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
861 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
866 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
871 if (startswith(l, field)) {
873 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
875 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
877 return parse_uid(l, uid);
884 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
885 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
888 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
889 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
890 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
893 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd) {
898 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cwd");
900 return get_process_link_contents(p, cwd);
903 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root) {
908 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
910 return get_process_link_contents(p, root);
913 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **env) {
914 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
915 _cleanup_free_ char *outcome = NULL;
918 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
923 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
929 while ((c = fgetc(f)) != EOF) {
930 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(outcome, allocated, sz + 5))
934 outcome[sz++] = '\n';
936 sz += cescape_char(c, outcome + sz);
946 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
954 return strndup(suffix, b);
963 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
966 r = new(char, a+b+1);
971 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
977 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
978 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
981 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
996 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
1003 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1014 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
1015 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
1018 int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
1019 _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
1023 r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
1027 value = basename(link);
1031 value = strdup(value);
1040 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1041 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
1048 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
1052 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1060 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1067 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1071 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1078 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1083 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1086 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1087 struct sigaction sa = {
1088 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
1089 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1092 /* These two cannot be caught... */
1093 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1096 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1097 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1098 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1099 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
1106 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
1109 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
1112 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
1118 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1121 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1122 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1124 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1126 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1127 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1135 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1138 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1140 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1141 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1152 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1159 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1160 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1163 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1164 return strdup(filename);
1166 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1167 return strdup(filename);
1169 k = strlen(filename);
1170 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1173 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1174 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1179 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1188 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1189 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1195 /* Skip last component */
1196 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1199 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1200 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1206 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1209 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1218 if (errno != ENOENT)
1225 char hexchar(int x) {
1226 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1228 return table[x & 15];
1231 int unhexchar(char c) {
1233 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1236 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1237 return c - 'a' + 10;
1239 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1240 return c - 'A' + 10;
1245 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1249 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1253 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1254 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1255 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1262 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1268 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1272 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1275 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1277 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1281 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1288 char octchar(int x) {
1289 return '0' + (x & 7);
1292 int unoctchar(char c) {
1294 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1300 char decchar(int x) {
1301 return '0' + (x % 10);
1304 int undecchar(char c) {
1306 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1312 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1318 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1320 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1324 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1325 t += cescape_char(*f, t);
1332 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1339 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1341 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1343 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1348 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1350 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1393 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1398 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1401 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1402 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1404 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1405 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1409 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1424 /* octal encoding */
1427 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1428 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1429 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1431 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1432 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1436 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1444 /* premature end of string. */
1449 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1461 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1462 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1465 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1468 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1471 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1475 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1476 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1479 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1483 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1485 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1486 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1489 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1490 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1500 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1505 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1506 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1507 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1512 _pure_ static bool hidden_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1516 filename[0] == '.' ||
1517 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1518 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1519 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1520 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1521 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1522 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1523 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1524 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1525 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1526 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1529 bool hidden_file(const char *filename) {
1532 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1535 return hidden_file_allow_backup(filename);
1538 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1543 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1548 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1550 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1552 if (nflags == flags)
1555 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1561 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1566 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1571 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1573 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1575 if (nflags == flags)
1578 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1584 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1587 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1589 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1596 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1597 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1601 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1603 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1608 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1609 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1612 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1613 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1615 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1618 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1619 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1626 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1629 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
1632 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1633 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1642 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1645 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1646 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1647 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1655 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1658 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1659 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1666 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1667 static const char table[] =
1681 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1685 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1689 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1691 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1697 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1701 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1704 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1707 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1713 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1714 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1715 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1720 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1721 new_termios = old_termios;
1723 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1724 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1725 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1727 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1730 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1731 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1732 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1737 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1739 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1745 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1752 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1753 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1758 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1759 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1763 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1773 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1783 bool need_nl = true;
1786 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1793 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1797 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1800 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1801 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1812 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1817 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1821 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1826 char line[LINE_MAX];
1830 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1837 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1842 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1843 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1845 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1864 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1865 struct termios termios;
1868 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1872 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1873 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1874 * interfere with that. */
1876 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1877 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1879 /* Switch to text mode */
1881 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1883 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1884 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1886 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1891 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1892 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1893 * else will do that for us */
1895 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1896 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1897 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1898 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1899 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1901 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1902 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1903 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1904 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1905 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1906 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1907 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1908 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1909 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1910 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1911 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1912 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1913 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1915 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1916 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1918 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1922 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1923 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1928 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1929 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1931 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1935 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1938 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1943 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1944 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1945 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1946 * retrying a couple of times.
1948 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1951 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1954 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1961 /* Max 1s in total */
1965 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1983 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1984 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1994 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
2004 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
2010 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2019 int acquire_terminal(
2023 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2026 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2031 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2032 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2033 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2035 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2036 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2037 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2038 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2039 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2040 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2041 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2042 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2044 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
2045 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2047 if (!fail && !force) {
2048 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2054 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2062 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2063 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2064 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2068 r = flush_fd(notify);
2073 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2074 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2075 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2076 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2080 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2081 * if we already own the tty. */
2082 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2084 /* First, try to get the tty */
2085 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2088 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2090 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2091 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2092 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2093 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2096 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2105 assert(notify >= 0);
2108 union inotify_event_buffer buffer;
2109 struct inotify_event *e;
2112 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2115 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2116 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2121 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2131 l = read(notify, &buffer, sizeof(buffer));
2133 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2140 FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, l) {
2141 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2150 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2151 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2152 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2153 * an endless loop. */
2154 fd = safe_close(fd);
2159 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2161 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to reset terminal: %m");
2172 int release_terminal(void) {
2173 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2174 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2175 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2178 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2179 struct sigaction sa_old;
2182 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2186 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2187 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2188 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2190 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2193 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2198 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2203 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2204 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2211 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2212 struct sigaction sa = {
2213 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2214 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2219 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2223 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2224 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2231 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2232 struct sigaction sa = {
2233 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2234 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2239 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2243 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2244 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2251 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2255 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2257 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2261 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2262 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2265 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2272 while (nbytes > 0) {
2275 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2280 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2282 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2283 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2286 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2290 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2304 int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2305 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2312 while (nbytes > 0) {
2315 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2320 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2321 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2322 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2325 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2332 if (k == 0) /* Can't really happen */
2342 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2344 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2345 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2346 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2347 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2348 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2349 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2350 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2352 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2353 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2354 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2355 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2360 unsigned long long factor;
2363 static const struct table iec[] = {
2364 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2365 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2366 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2367 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2368 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2374 static const struct table si[] = {
2375 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2376 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2377 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2378 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2379 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2385 const struct table *table;
2387 unsigned long long r = 0;
2388 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2391 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2396 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2399 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2405 unsigned long long l2;
2411 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2424 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2427 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2428 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2430 if (errno == ERANGE)
2433 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2440 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2442 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2443 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2444 unsigned long long tmp;
2445 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2447 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2448 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2452 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2455 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2471 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2476 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2477 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2478 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2483 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2486 /* Explicitly unset O_CLOEXEC, since if fd was < 3, then
2487 * dup2() was a NOP and the bit hence possibly set. */
2488 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2489 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2490 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2495 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2498 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2502 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2505 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2507 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2508 * sysfs or in /dev */
2511 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2512 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2515 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2516 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2527 if (!de && errno != 0)
2533 if (!hidden_file(de->d_name))
2538 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2539 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2556 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2557 static int have_syscall = -1;
2561 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2562 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2563 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2564 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2565 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2566 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2568 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2569 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2570 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2571 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2573 have_syscall = true;
2578 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2579 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2580 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2581 have_syscall = false;
2582 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2583 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2584 * remember to use the syscall the
2585 * next time, again, but also read
2586 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2587 * doesn't care about the current
2588 * amount of entropy. */
2589 have_syscall = true;
2593 /* too short read? */
2597 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2599 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2601 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2606 if ((size_t) k != n)
2612 void initialize_srand(void) {
2613 static bool srand_called = false;
2615 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2624 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2625 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in auxv, so
2626 * let's try to make use of that to seed the pseudo-random
2627 * generator. It's better than nothing... */
2629 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2631 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2634 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2635 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2638 srand_called = true;
2641 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2645 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2649 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2650 * get a PRNG instead. */
2654 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2658 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2661 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2662 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2663 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2664 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2665 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2666 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2669 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2671 if (program_invocation_name)
2672 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2674 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2678 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2680 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2684 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2689 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2696 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2697 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2701 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2706 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2709 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2710 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2713 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2719 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2722 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2724 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2725 return strdup(u.nodename);
2727 return strdup(u.sysname);
2730 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2733 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2735 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2738 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2741 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2742 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2744 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2746 return strdup("root");
2748 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2752 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2756 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2757 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2759 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2765 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2769 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2774 return lookup_uid(uid);
2777 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2784 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2787 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
2797 r = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2802 p = startswith(path, "/dev/");
2803 c = strdup(p ?: path);
2820 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2824 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2828 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2830 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2837 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2839 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2841 unsigned long ttynr;
2845 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2846 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2850 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2860 "%*d " /* session */
2865 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2874 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2875 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2876 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2883 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2887 sprintf(fn, "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2889 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2895 /* This is an ugly hack */
2896 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2897 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2901 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2902 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2903 * vaguely useful. */
2909 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2911 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2929 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2930 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2935 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2936 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2942 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2947 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2954 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2959 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2962 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2964 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2965 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2966 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2971 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2974 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2975 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2977 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2978 keep_around = false;
2984 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2985 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2988 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2989 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2990 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2991 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2996 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2997 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3001 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3002 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3006 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3008 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3009 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3016 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
3019 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
3020 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
3023 int is_fd_on_temporary_fs(int fd) {
3026 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
3029 return is_temporary_fs(&s);
3032 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3037 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3042 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3043 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3045 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3046 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3051 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3054 static int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
3059 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
3063 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3064 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3067 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3073 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3074 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3075 * seriously broken system. */
3076 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3077 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3081 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3084 if (errno != ENOTDIR && errno != ELOOP)
3088 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3091 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3092 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3097 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3098 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3105 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3110 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3111 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3117 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3120 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3123 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3132 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3133 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3136 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3137 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3140 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3143 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3144 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3145 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3147 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3148 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3151 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3152 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3158 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3161 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3162 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3163 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3165 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3166 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3169 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3170 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3176 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3180 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3183 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3186 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3187 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3197 if (errno != EINVAL)
3204 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3205 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3206 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3207 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3208 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3210 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3214 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3215 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3217 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3220 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3233 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3239 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3247 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3248 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3251 if (!isempty(status)) {
3252 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3253 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3254 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3256 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3259 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3261 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3263 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3269 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3275 va_start(ap, format);
3276 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3282 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3289 const char *e, *word = format;
3294 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3305 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
3315 } else if (*e == '$') {
3316 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3333 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3335 k = strappend(r, t);
3349 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3361 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3363 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3365 l = strv_length(argv);
3367 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3371 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3373 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3374 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3379 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3383 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, true);
3395 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3405 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3413 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3414 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3426 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3427 struct winsize ws = {};
3429 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3438 unsigned columns(void) {
3442 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3443 return cached_columns;
3446 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3448 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3451 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3460 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3461 struct winsize ws = {};
3463 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3472 unsigned lines(void) {
3476 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3477 return cached_lines;
3480 e = getenv("LINES");
3482 (void) safe_atou(e, &l);
3485 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3491 return cached_lines;
3494 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3495 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3501 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3503 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3504 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3506 return cached_on_tty;
3509 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3512 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3515 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3518 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3519 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3522 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3525 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3532 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3537 assert(percent <= 100);
3538 assert(new_length >= 3);
3540 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3541 return strndup(s, old_length);
3543 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3547 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3549 if (x > new_length - 3)
3557 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3558 new_length - x - 3);
3563 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3567 unsigned k, len, len2;
3570 assert(percent <= 100);
3571 assert(new_length >= 3);
3573 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3574 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3575 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3577 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3578 return strndup(s, old_length);
3580 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3582 if (x > new_length - 3)
3586 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3589 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3592 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3595 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3598 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3601 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3602 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3605 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3609 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3611 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3613 /* make space for ellipsis */
3614 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3617 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3618 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3623 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3624 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3628 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3632 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3637 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3638 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3641 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3642 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3648 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3650 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3655 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3660 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
3661 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3666 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3667 struct timespec ts[2];
3669 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3671 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3673 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3680 int touch(const char *path) {
3681 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
3684 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3688 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3689 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3690 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3697 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3698 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3703 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3704 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
3708 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3718 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3723 name = strndupa(s, eq - s);
3724 p = strdupa(eq + 1);
3726 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3730 return strjoin(strstrip(name), "=", value, NULL);
3733 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3744 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3758 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3759 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3760 * failed for an unknown reason.
3761 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3764 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3765 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3767 * A warning is emitted if the process terminates abnormally,
3768 * and also if it returns non-zero unless check_exit_code is true.
3770 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid, bool check_exit_code) {
3777 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3779 return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to wait for %s: %m", name);
3781 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3782 if (status.si_status != 0)
3783 log_full(check_exit_code ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
3784 "%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3786 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3788 return status.si_status;
3789 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3790 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3792 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3796 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3800 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3802 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3803 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3811 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3814 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3817 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3823 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3828 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3831 return null_or_empty(&st);
3834 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3839 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3842 return null_or_empty(&st);
3845 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3849 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3851 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3864 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3868 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3870 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3871 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3876 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3877 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3880 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3884 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3885 t = new(char, enc_len);
3889 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3892 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3895 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3898 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3899 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3901 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3902 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3904 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3905 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3907 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3908 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3913 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3916 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3919 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3922 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3925 return streq(tty, "console");
3928 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3933 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3936 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3939 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3942 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3946 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3952 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3955 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3956 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3958 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3961 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3964 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3965 * /dev/console points to */
3966 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3972 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3975 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3976 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3978 tty = *active = tmp;
3985 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3986 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3990 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3993 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3994 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3999 return tty_is_vc(tty);
4002 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4005 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
4008 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
4011 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
4014 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4015 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4016 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4022 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4025 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4026 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4027 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4030 if (hidden_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
4033 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4036 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4042 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4043 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
4045 executor_pid = fork();
4046 if (executor_pid < 0) {
4047 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4050 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
4051 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4052 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
4055 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
4056 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
4059 reset_all_signal_handlers();
4060 reset_signal_mask();
4062 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4065 d = _d = opendir(directory);
4067 if (errno == ENOENT)
4068 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4070 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4071 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4075 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
4078 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4081 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
4082 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4085 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4088 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
4091 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4096 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4098 } else if (pid == 0) {
4101 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4111 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4112 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4115 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
4117 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
4120 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4126 /* Abort execution of this process after the
4127 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
4128 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
4130 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
4131 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
4133 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4134 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4137 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4140 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
4143 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid, true);
4146 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4149 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid, true);
4152 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4155 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4163 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4169 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4170 if (streq(i, needle))
4176 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4177 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4180 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4189 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4191 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4192 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4193 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4199 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4206 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4213 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4223 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4229 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4233 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4240 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4241 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4252 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4257 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4259 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4262 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4263 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4272 bool image_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4273 if (!filename_is_valid(s))
4276 if (string_has_cc(s, NULL))
4279 if (!utf8_is_valid(s))
4282 /* Temporary files for atomically creating new files */
4283 if (startswith(s, ".#"))
4289 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4290 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4292 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4297 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4304 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4307 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4309 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4317 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4324 return pollfd.revents;
4327 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4336 r = tempfn_xxxxxx(path, &t);
4340 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4346 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4359 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4362 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4368 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4369 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4371 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4375 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4378 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4382 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4383 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4384 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4386 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4389 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4390 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4391 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4393 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4398 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4399 "\033[H" /* move home */
4400 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4407 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4410 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4417 /* Try to deallocate */
4418 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4422 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4431 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4433 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4438 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4439 "\033[H" /* move home */
4440 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4447 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4448 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4454 r = tempfn_random(to, &t);
4458 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4461 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4469 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4470 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4475 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4479 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4482 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4490 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4491 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4496 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4500 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4503 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4511 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4515 display[0] == ':' &&
4516 display[1] >= '0' &&
4520 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4527 if (!display_is_local(display))
4530 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4532 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4536 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4537 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4546 const char **username,
4547 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4549 const char **shell) {
4557 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4558 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4560 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4578 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4582 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4583 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4584 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4585 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4586 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4588 *username = p->pw_name;
4591 p = getpwnam(*username);
4595 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4607 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4612 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4617 return strdup("root");
4621 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4623 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4629 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4634 return strdup("root");
4638 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4640 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4646 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4652 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4653 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4655 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4656 *groupname = "root";
4664 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4669 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4672 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4676 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4684 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4686 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4688 if (getgid() == gid)
4691 if (getegid() == gid)
4694 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4695 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4697 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4699 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4703 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4710 int in_group(const char *name) {
4714 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4721 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4722 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4728 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4730 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4732 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4735 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4737 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4740 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4741 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4746 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4748 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4750 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4752 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4753 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4755 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4756 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4764 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4770 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4773 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4777 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4778 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4779 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4780 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4781 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4782 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4783 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4789 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4790 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4791 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4792 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4796 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4797 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4809 if (!de && errno != 0)
4814 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4816 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4820 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4821 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4824 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4835 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4841 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4855 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4860 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4884 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4898 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4899 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4901 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4902 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4907 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4914 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4915 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4918 r = access(p, F_OK);
4926 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4927 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4930 r = access(p, F_OK);
4936 /* Get parent dev_t */
4937 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4940 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4946 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4952 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4953 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4956 r = access(p, F_OK);
4960 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4967 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4968 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4969 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4970 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4971 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4974 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4976 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4977 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4978 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4979 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4980 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4981 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4982 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4985 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4987 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4988 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4989 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4990 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4991 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4992 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4993 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4994 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4995 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4996 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4997 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4998 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4999 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5000 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5001 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5002 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5003 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5004 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5005 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5006 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5007 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5010 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
5012 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5013 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5014 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5015 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5017 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5018 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5019 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5020 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5023 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
5025 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5026 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5027 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5028 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5029 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5033 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
5035 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
5036 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5037 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5038 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5039 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5040 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5041 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5042 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5043 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5044 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5045 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5046 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5047 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5048 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5049 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5050 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5051 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5054 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5056 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5057 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5058 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5059 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5060 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5063 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
5065 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5082 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5093 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5095 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5101 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5103 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5104 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
5107 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5111 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5112 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5114 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
5119 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5124 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
5128 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5132 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5133 signo = (int) u + offset;
5134 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5140 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5141 bool loaded = false;
5144 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5152 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5154 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5163 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5170 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5173 static const struct {
5177 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5178 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5179 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5180 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5181 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5185 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5187 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5190 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5191 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5198 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5206 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5219 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5221 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5223 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5224 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5227 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5230 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5231 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5237 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5239 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5241 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5242 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5245 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5248 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5249 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5254 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5255 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5256 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5257 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5265 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5268 parent_pid = getpid();
5270 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5271 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5272 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5273 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5274 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5277 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5278 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5282 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5283 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5290 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5291 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5292 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5294 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5295 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5296 * SIGTERM or so... */
5297 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5298 reset_signal_mask();
5300 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5301 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5302 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5303 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5305 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5306 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5308 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5309 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5311 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5314 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5315 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5316 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5317 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5318 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5319 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5320 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5321 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5323 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5324 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5328 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5331 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5337 /* Count arguments */
5339 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5344 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5346 /* Fill in arguments */
5348 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5349 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5353 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5356 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5357 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5361 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5367 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5368 * to get as close as we can */
5369 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5371 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5372 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5374 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5380 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5381 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5392 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5394 f = fopen(path, "re");
5402 char line[LINE_MAX];
5405 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5409 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5419 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5420 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5434 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5437 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5440 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5443 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5446 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5449 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5455 bool in_initrd(void) {
5456 static int saved = -1;
5462 /* We make two checks here:
5464 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5465 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5467 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5468 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5469 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5472 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5473 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5474 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5479 void warn_melody(void) {
5480 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5482 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5486 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5488 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5489 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5491 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5492 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5494 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5495 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5497 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5500 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5503 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5505 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5507 return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to acquire terminal: %m");
5511 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %m");
5516 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5524 /* Take the user specified one */
5525 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5526 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5535 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5538 h = strdup("/root");
5546 /* Check the database... */
5550 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5552 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5555 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5563 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5571 /* Take the user specified one */
5572 e = getenv("SHELL");
5582 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5585 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5593 /* Check the database... */
5597 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5599 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5602 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5610 bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) {
5624 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5630 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5636 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5637 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5640 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5648 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5649 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5651 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5656 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5657 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5660 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5670 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5675 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5678 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5681 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5682 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5685 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5691 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5692 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5693 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5702 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5703 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5706 else if (comparison > 0)
5714 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5716 static int cached_answer = -1;
5718 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5721 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5722 cached_answer = true;
5726 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5728 cached_answer = true;
5732 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5733 cached_answer = true;
5737 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5738 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5739 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5741 cached_answer = true;
5745 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5749 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5750 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5754 return (bool) cached_answer;
5757 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5758 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5761 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5762 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5763 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5764 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5765 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5766 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5767 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5768 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5771 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5772 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5773 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5774 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5775 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5776 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5777 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5778 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5783 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5786 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5789 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5795 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5796 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5809 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5815 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5816 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5824 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5836 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5837 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5842 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5844 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5850 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5852 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5854 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5858 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5863 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5865 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5866 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5867 else if (*i == '\t')
5874 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5877 } else if (*i == '[') {
5878 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5883 state = STATE_OTHER;
5890 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5891 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5894 state = STATE_OTHER;
5896 } else if (*i == 'm')
5897 state = STATE_OTHER;
5919 int on_ac_power(void) {
5920 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5921 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5923 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5929 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5935 if (!de && errno != 0)
5941 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
5944 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5946 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5952 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5954 if (errno == ENOENT)
5960 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5964 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5968 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5970 if (errno == ENOENT)
5976 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5980 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5983 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5984 found_online = true;
5986 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5987 found_offline = true;
5992 return found_online || !found_offline;
5995 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
6002 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
6005 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
6006 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
6010 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
6012 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
6022 if (errno != ENOENT)
6029 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
6030 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
6036 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6039 f = fopen(path, mode);
6048 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
6052 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
6055 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
6056 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
6058 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6061 f = fopen(path, mode);
6070 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
6074 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
6077 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
6084 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
6091 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6096 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
6105 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
6115 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6129 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
6137 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
6141 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
6148 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6155 if (*allocated >= need)
6158 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6159 a = newalloc * size;
6161 /* check for overflows */
6162 if (a < size * need)
6170 *allocated = newalloc;
6174 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6183 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6187 if (*allocated > prev)
6188 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6193 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6199 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6201 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6204 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6205 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6206 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6210 } else if (l == 36) {
6212 /* Formatted UUID */
6214 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6217 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6221 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6222 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6223 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6234 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6249 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6253 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6265 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6266 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
6269 r = get_proc_cmdline_key("systemd.restore_state=", &value);
6275 return parse_boolean(value) != 0;
6278 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6281 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
6282 return get_process_cmdline(1, 0, false, ret);
6284 return read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6287 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6288 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6294 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6300 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6303 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6309 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6311 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6314 value = strchr(word, '=');
6318 r = parse_item(word, value);
6326 int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *key, char **value) {
6327 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *ret = NULL;
6334 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6340 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6343 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6349 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6351 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6355 e = startswith(word, key);
6359 r = free_and_strdup(&ret, e);
6365 if (streq(word, key))
6379 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6380 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6388 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6389 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6397 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6400 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6410 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6411 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6419 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6420 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6428 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6429 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6437 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6438 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6446 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6447 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6453 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6456 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6459 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6464 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6469 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6472 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6476 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6480 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6484 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6487 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6491 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6494 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6497 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6503 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6504 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6509 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6512 return errno != ESRCH;
6515 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6518 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6523 r = get_process_state(pid);
6524 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6530 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6531 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6538 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6542 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6545 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6546 * to namespacing issues */
6549 if (u.uid == UID_INVALID)
6551 if (u.gid == GID_INVALID)
6558 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6570 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6574 if (errno != ERANGE)
6581 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6597 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6598 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6599 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6606 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6613 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6620 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6621 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6626 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6627 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6629 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6637 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6640 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6643 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6644 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6646 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6647 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6649 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6650 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6655 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6657 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6658 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6659 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6660 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6661 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6662 * used by libseccomp. */
6664 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6666 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6669 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6672 #elif defined(__i386__)
6674 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6678 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6679 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6680 * as error indicator. */
6681 return 0xffffffffUL;
6684 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6686 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6688 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6694 #elif defined(__i386__)
6703 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6706 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6707 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6709 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6712 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6715 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6717 struct mntent me = {
6718 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6723 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6729 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6732 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6733 const uint8_t *b = p;
6736 assert(s == 0 || b);
6741 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6743 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6748 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6756 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6761 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6775 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6780 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6782 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6783 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6785 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6790 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6794 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6795 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6796 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6799 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6804 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6805 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6809 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6812 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6813 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6814 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6815 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6816 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6817 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6818 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6819 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6820 "- " /* (8) separator */
6821 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6822 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6823 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6824 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6833 p = cunescape(path);
6837 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6840 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6856 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6857 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6858 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6861 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6862 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6863 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6864 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6865 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6866 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6867 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6868 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6869 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6870 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6871 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6872 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6873 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6875 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6879 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6881 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6886 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6887 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6888 bool top_autofs = false;
6891 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6895 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6896 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6900 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6903 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6904 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6905 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6906 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6907 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6908 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6909 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6910 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6911 "- " /* (8) separator */
6912 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6913 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6914 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6915 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6925 p = cunescape(path);
6929 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6930 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6931 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6932 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6933 * already triggered, then we will find
6934 * another entry for this. */
6935 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6936 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6940 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6941 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6943 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6953 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6954 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6956 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6957 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6960 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6961 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6962 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6963 * mount, make it one. */
6964 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6967 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6970 x = strdup(cleaned);
6974 r = set_consume(done, x);
6979 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6981 r = set_consume(done, x);
6987 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6989 /* Deal with mount points that are
6990 * obstructed by a later mount */
6992 if (errno != ENOENT)
7000 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
7007 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
7012 int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, char **ret) {
7024 * /foo/bar/.#waldoXXXXXX
7028 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7031 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 6 + 1);
7035 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), "XXXXXX");
7037 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7041 int tempfn_random(const char *p, char **ret) {
7055 * /foo/bar/.#waldobaa2a261115984a9
7059 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7062 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 16 + 1);
7066 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn);
7069 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7070 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7076 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7080 int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, char **ret) {
7091 * /foo/bar/waldo/.#3c2b6219aa75d7d0
7094 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 3 + 16 + 1);
7098 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(t, p), "/.#");
7101 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7102 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7108 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7112 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
7113 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
7116 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
7117 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
7119 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
7120 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
7121 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
7122 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
7123 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
7124 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
7125 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
7126 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
7129 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
7131 struct flock flock = {
7133 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7141 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
7142 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
7143 * our own trivial version of this.
7145 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
7146 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
7147 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
7148 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
7149 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
7152 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
7154 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
7156 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
7160 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
7169 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
7172 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
7175 return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
7178 int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
7183 r = stat(path, &st);
7185 r = lstat(path, &st);
7189 return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
7192 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax) {
7193 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
7194 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
7201 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7203 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7211 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
7212 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
7213 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
7214 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
7224 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7234 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7236 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
7238 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7239 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7242 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7257 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7270 } else if (c == '\'')
7273 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7275 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7283 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7290 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7294 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7303 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7305 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7313 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7320 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7324 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7330 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7352 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
7357 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7358 * quotes if necessary. */
7362 /* Count how many words are expected */
7365 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7374 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7375 l = newa0(char*, n);
7376 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7378 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c], false);
7382 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7392 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7395 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7398 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7408 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7413 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7414 * possibly freeing the old one. */
7429 int sethostname_idempotent(const char *s) {
7431 char buf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1] = {};
7435 r = gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf));
7442 r = sethostname(s, strlen(s));
7449 int ptsname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
7462 if (ptsname_r(fd, c, l) == 0) {
7466 if (errno != ERANGE) {
7476 int openpt_in_namespace(pid_t pid, int flags) {
7477 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, rootfd = -1;
7478 _cleanup_close_pair_ int pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
7480 struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
7481 uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
7483 struct msghdr mh = {
7484 .msg_control = &control,
7485 .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
7487 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
7494 r = namespace_open(pid, &pidnsfd, &mntnsfd, NULL, &rootfd);
7498 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, pair) < 0)
7508 pair[0] = safe_close(pair[0]);
7510 r = namespace_enter(pidnsfd, mntnsfd, -1, rootfd);
7512 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7514 master = posix_openpt(flags);
7516 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7518 cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
7519 cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
7520 cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
7521 cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
7522 memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &master, sizeof(int));
7524 mh.msg_controllen = cmsg->cmsg_len;
7526 if (sendmsg(pair[1], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0)
7527 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7529 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
7532 pair[1] = safe_close(pair[1]);
7534 r = wait_for_terminate(child, &si);
7537 if (si.si_code != CLD_EXITED || si.si_status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
7540 if (recvmsg(pair[0], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL|MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC) < 0)
7543 for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&mh, cmsg))
7544 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS) {
7548 fds = (int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
7549 n_fds = (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int);
7552 close_many(fds, n_fds);