1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
151 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
152 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
163 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
170 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
173 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
177 int close_nointr(int fd) {
184 else if (errno == EINTR)
186 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
187 * thing to do on Linux.
189 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
190 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
191 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
192 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
199 int safe_close(int fd) {
202 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
203 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
204 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
206 * fd = safe_close(fd);
212 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
213 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
214 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
215 * the fd was invalid at all... */
217 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
223 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
226 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
228 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
232 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
243 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
246 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
248 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
254 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
255 unsigned long ul = 0;
262 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
268 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
278 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
279 unsigned long ul = 0;
286 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
292 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
295 /* Some libc APIs use (uid_t) -1 as special placeholder */
296 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
299 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
300 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
307 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
315 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
317 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
318 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
320 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
323 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
327 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
335 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
337 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
338 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
340 if ((long) (int) l != l)
347 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
355 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
357 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
358 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
360 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
367 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
369 unsigned long long l;
375 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
377 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
378 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
384 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
392 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
394 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
395 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
401 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
408 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
413 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
414 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
420 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
421 bool escaped = false;
424 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
427 else if (s[n] == '\\')
429 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
432 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
436 /* Split a string into words. */
437 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
443 assert(**state == '\0');
447 current += strspn(current, separator);
453 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
454 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
456 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
457 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
458 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
459 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end*/
463 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
464 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
466 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
467 *state = current + *l;
469 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
470 *state = current + *l;
476 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
478 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
490 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
491 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
495 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
496 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
497 * skip over it manually */
499 p = strrchr(line, ')');
511 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
514 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
519 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
521 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
527 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
528 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
532 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
533 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
534 * skip over it manually */
536 p = strrchr(line, ')');
558 "%*d " /* priority */
560 "%*d " /* num_threads */
561 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
562 "%llu " /* starttime */,
569 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
574 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
580 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
583 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
587 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
591 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
595 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
596 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
600 p = strrchr(line, ')');
606 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
609 return (unsigned char) state;
612 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
619 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
621 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
628 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
629 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
637 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
643 if (max_length == 0) {
644 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
646 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
648 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
653 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
663 r = new(char, max_length);
669 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
691 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
698 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
699 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
700 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
708 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
712 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
721 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
733 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
738 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
742 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
745 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
750 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
756 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
758 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
761 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
769 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
771 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
773 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
775 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
782 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
783 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
793 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
798 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
803 if (startswith(l, field)) {
805 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
807 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
809 return parse_uid(l, uid);
816 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
817 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
820 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
821 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
822 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
825 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
833 return strndup(suffix, b);
842 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
845 r = new(char, a+b+1);
850 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
856 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
857 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
860 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
875 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
882 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
893 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
894 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
897 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
898 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
905 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
909 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
917 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
924 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
928 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
935 path_kill_slashes(*r);
940 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
943 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
944 struct sigaction sa = {
945 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
946 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
949 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
952 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
953 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
954 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
962 char *strstrip(char *s) {
965 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
966 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
968 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
970 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
971 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
979 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
982 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
984 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
996 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1003 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1004 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1007 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1008 return strdup(filename);
1010 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1011 return strdup(filename);
1013 k = strlen(filename);
1014 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1017 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1018 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1023 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1032 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1033 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1039 /* Skip last component */
1040 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1043 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1044 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1050 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1053 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1062 if (errno != ENOENT)
1069 char hexchar(int x) {
1070 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1072 return table[x & 15];
1075 int unhexchar(char c) {
1077 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1080 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1081 return c - 'a' + 10;
1083 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1084 return c - 'A' + 10;
1089 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1093 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1097 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1098 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1099 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1106 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1112 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1116 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1119 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1121 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1125 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1132 char octchar(int x) {
1133 return '0' + (x & 7);
1136 int unoctchar(char c) {
1138 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1144 char decchar(int x) {
1145 return '0' + (x % 10);
1148 int undecchar(char c) {
1150 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1156 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1162 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1164 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1168 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1214 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1215 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1216 * g_strescape() does the same */
1217 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1219 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1220 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1221 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1232 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1239 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1241 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1243 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1248 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1250 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1293 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1298 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1301 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1302 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1304 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1305 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1309 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1324 /* octal encoding */
1327 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1328 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1329 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1331 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1332 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1336 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1344 /* premature end of string.*/
1349 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1361 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1362 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1365 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1368 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1371 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1375 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1376 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1379 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1383 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1385 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1386 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1389 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1390 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1400 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1405 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1406 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1407 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1412 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1416 filename[0] == '.' ||
1417 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1418 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1419 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1420 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1421 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1422 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1423 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1424 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1425 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1428 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1431 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1434 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1437 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1442 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1447 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1449 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1451 if (nflags == flags)
1454 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1460 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1465 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1470 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1472 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1474 if (nflags == flags)
1477 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1483 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1486 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1488 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1495 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1496 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1500 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1502 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1507 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1508 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1511 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1512 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1514 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1517 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1518 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1525 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1528 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1531 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1532 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1541 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1544 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1545 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1546 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1554 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1557 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1558 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1565 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1566 static const char table[] =
1580 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1584 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1588 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1590 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1596 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1600 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1603 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1606 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1612 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1613 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1614 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1619 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1620 new_termios = old_termios;
1622 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1623 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1624 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1626 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1629 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1630 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1631 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1636 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1638 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1644 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1651 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1652 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1657 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1658 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1662 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1672 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1682 bool need_nl = true;
1685 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1692 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1696 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1699 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1700 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1711 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1716 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1720 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1725 char line[LINE_MAX];
1729 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1736 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1741 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1742 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1744 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1763 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1764 struct termios termios;
1767 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1771 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1772 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1773 * interfere with that. */
1775 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1776 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1778 /* Switch to text mode */
1780 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1782 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1783 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1785 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1790 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1791 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1792 * else will do that for us */
1794 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1795 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1796 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1797 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1798 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1800 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1801 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1802 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1803 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1804 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1805 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1806 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1807 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1808 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1809 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1810 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1811 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1812 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1814 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1815 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1817 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1821 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1822 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1827 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1828 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1830 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1834 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1837 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1842 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1843 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1844 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1845 * retrying a couple of times.
1847 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1850 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1853 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1860 /* Max 1s in total */
1864 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1885 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1886 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1896 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1906 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1912 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1921 int acquire_terminal(
1925 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1928 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1933 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1934 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1935 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1937 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1938 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1939 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1940 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1941 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1942 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1943 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1944 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1946 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
1947 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1949 if (!fail && !force) {
1950 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1956 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1964 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1965 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1966 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1970 r = flush_fd(notify);
1975 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1976 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1977 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1978 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1982 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1983 * if we already own the tty. */
1984 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1986 /* First, try to get the tty */
1987 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1990 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1992 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1993 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1994 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1995 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1998 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2007 assert(notify >= 0);
2010 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2012 struct inotify_event *e;
2014 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2017 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2018 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2023 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2033 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2036 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2043 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2048 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2053 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2054 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2056 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2063 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2064 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2065 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2066 * an endless loop. */
2072 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2074 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2085 int release_terminal(void) {
2087 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2088 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2089 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2091 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2093 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2097 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2098 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2099 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2101 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2104 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2109 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2114 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2115 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2122 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2123 struct sigaction sa = {
2124 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2125 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2130 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2134 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2135 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2142 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2143 struct sigaction sa = {
2144 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2145 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2150 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2154 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2155 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2162 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2166 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2168 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2172 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2173 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2176 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2183 while (nbytes > 0) {
2186 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2187 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2190 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2192 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2193 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2196 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2201 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2211 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2212 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2218 while (nbytes > 0) {
2221 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2222 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2225 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2227 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2228 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2231 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2236 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2246 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2248 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2249 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2250 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2251 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2252 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2253 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2254 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2256 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2257 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2258 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2259 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2264 unsigned long long factor;
2267 static const struct table iec[] = {
2268 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2269 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2270 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2271 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2272 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2278 static const struct table si[] = {
2279 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2280 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2281 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2282 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2283 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2289 const struct table *table;
2291 unsigned long long r = 0;
2292 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2295 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2300 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2303 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2309 unsigned long long l2;
2315 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2328 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2331 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2332 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2334 if (errno == ERANGE)
2337 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2344 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2346 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2347 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2348 unsigned long long tmp;
2349 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2351 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2352 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2356 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2359 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2375 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2380 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2381 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2382 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2387 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2390 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2395 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2398 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2402 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2405 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2407 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2408 * sysfs or in /dev */
2411 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2412 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2415 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2416 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2427 if (!de && errno != 0)
2433 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2438 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2439 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2456 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2457 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2460 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2462 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2464 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2467 if ((size_t) k != n)
2473 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2474 static bool srand_called = false;
2478 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2482 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2483 * get a PRNG instead. */
2485 if (!srand_called) {
2488 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2489 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in
2490 * auxv, so let's try to make use of that to seed the
2491 * pseudo-random generator. It's better than
2496 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2498 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2501 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2502 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2505 srand_called = true;
2508 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2512 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2515 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2516 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2517 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2518 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2519 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2520 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2523 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2525 if (program_invocation_name)
2526 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2528 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2532 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2534 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2538 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2543 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2550 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2551 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2555 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2560 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2563 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2564 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2567 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2573 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2576 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2578 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2579 return strdup(u.nodename);
2581 return strdup(u.sysname);
2584 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2587 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2589 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2592 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2595 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2596 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2598 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2600 return strdup("root");
2602 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2606 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2610 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2611 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2613 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2619 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2623 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2628 return lookup_uid(uid);
2631 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2638 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2641 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2642 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2647 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2653 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2661 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2665 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2669 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2671 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2678 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2680 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2682 unsigned long ttynr;
2686 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2687 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2691 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2701 "%*d " /* session */
2706 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2715 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2716 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2717 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2724 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2728 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2730 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2736 /* This is an ugly hack */
2737 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2738 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2742 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2743 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2744 * vaguely useful. */
2750 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2752 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2770 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2771 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2776 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2777 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2783 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2788 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2795 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2800 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2803 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2805 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2806 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2807 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2812 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2815 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2816 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2818 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2819 keep_around = false;
2825 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2826 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2829 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2830 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2831 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2832 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2837 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2838 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2842 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2843 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2847 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2849 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2850 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2857 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2860 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2861 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2864 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2869 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2874 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2875 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2877 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2878 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2883 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2886 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2892 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2893 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2894 * seriously broken system. */
2895 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2896 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2900 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2903 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2907 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2910 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2911 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2916 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2917 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2924 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2929 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2930 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2936 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2939 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2942 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2951 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2952 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2955 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2956 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2959 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2962 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2963 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2964 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2966 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2967 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2970 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2971 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2977 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2980 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2981 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2982 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2984 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2985 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2988 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2989 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2995 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2999 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3002 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3005 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3006 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3016 if (errno != EINVAL)
3023 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3024 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3025 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3026 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3027 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3029 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3033 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3034 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3036 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3039 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3052 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3058 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3066 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3067 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3070 if (!isempty(status)) {
3071 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3072 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3073 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3075 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3078 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3080 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3082 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3088 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3094 va_start(ap, format);
3095 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3101 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3108 const char *e, *word = format;
3113 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3124 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3133 } else if (*e == '$') {
3134 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3150 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3152 k = strappend(r, t);
3166 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3177 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3179 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3181 l = strv_length(argv);
3183 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3187 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3189 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3190 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3195 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3199 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e);
3211 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3221 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3229 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3230 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3242 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3243 struct winsize ws = {};
3245 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3254 unsigned columns(void) {
3258 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3259 return cached_columns;
3262 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3267 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3276 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3277 struct winsize ws = {};
3279 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3288 unsigned lines(void) {
3292 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3293 return cached_lines;
3296 e = getenv("LINES");
3301 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3307 return cached_lines;
3310 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3311 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3317 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3319 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3320 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3322 return cached_on_tty;
3325 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3328 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3331 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3334 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3335 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3338 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3341 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3348 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3353 assert(percent <= 100);
3354 assert(new_length >= 3);
3356 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3357 return strndup(s, old_length);
3359 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3363 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3365 if (x > new_length - 3)
3373 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3374 new_length - x - 3);
3379 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3383 unsigned k, len, len2;
3386 assert(percent <= 100);
3387 assert(new_length >= 3);
3389 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3390 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3391 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3393 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3394 return strndup(s, old_length);
3396 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3398 if (x > new_length - 3)
3402 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3405 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3408 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3411 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3414 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3417 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3418 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3421 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3425 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3427 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3429 /* make space for ellipsis */
3430 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3433 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3434 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3439 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3440 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3444 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3448 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3453 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3454 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3457 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3458 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3464 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3466 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3471 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3476 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1) {
3477 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3482 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3483 struct timespec ts[2];
3485 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3487 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3489 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3496 int touch(const char *path) {
3497 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, (uid_t) -1, (gid_t) -1, 0);
3500 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3504 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3505 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3506 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3513 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3514 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3519 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3520 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3523 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3535 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3539 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3547 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3551 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3557 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3568 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3582 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3583 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3584 * failed for an unknown reason.
3585 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3588 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3589 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3591 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3598 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3600 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3604 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3605 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3606 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3607 return status.si_status;
3610 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3613 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3614 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3616 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3620 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3624 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3626 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3627 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3635 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3638 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3641 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3647 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3652 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3655 return null_or_empty(&st);
3658 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3663 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3666 return null_or_empty(&st);
3669 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3673 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3675 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3688 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3692 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3694 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3695 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3700 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3701 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3704 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3708 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3709 t = new(char, enc_len);
3713 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3716 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3719 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3722 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3723 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3725 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3726 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3728 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3729 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3731 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3732 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3737 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3740 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3743 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3746 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3749 return streq(tty, "console");
3752 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3757 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3760 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3763 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3766 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3770 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3776 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3779 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3780 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3782 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3785 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3788 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3789 * /dev/console points to */
3790 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3796 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3799 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3800 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3802 tty = *active = tmp;
3809 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3810 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3814 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3817 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3818 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3823 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3826 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3829 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3832 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3835 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3838 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3839 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3840 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3846 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3849 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3850 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3851 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3854 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3857 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3860 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3866 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
3867 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
3869 executor_pid = fork();
3870 if (executor_pid < 0) {
3871 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3874 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
3875 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3876 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
3880 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
3881 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
3884 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3886 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
3887 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) == 0);
3889 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3892 d = _d = opendir(directory);
3894 if (errno == ENOENT)
3895 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3897 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3898 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3902 pids = hashmap_new(NULL, NULL);
3905 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3908 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3909 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3912 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3915 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
3918 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3923 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3925 } else if (pid == 0) {
3928 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3938 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3939 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3943 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
3945 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
3948 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3954 /* Abort execution of this process after the
3955 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
3956 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
3958 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
3959 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
3961 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3962 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3965 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3968 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
3971 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid);
3974 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3977 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid);
3980 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3983 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3991 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3997 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3998 if (streq(i, needle))
4004 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4005 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4008 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4017 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4019 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4020 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4021 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4027 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4034 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4041 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4051 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4057 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4061 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4068 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4069 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4080 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4085 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4087 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4090 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4091 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4100 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4101 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4103 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4108 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4115 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4118 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4120 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4128 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4135 return pollfd.revents;
4138 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4147 t = tempfn_xxxxxx(path);
4151 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4157 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4170 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4173 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4179 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4180 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4182 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4186 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4189 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4193 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4194 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4195 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4197 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4200 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4201 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4202 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4204 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4209 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4210 "\033[H" /* move home */
4211 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4218 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4221 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4228 /* Try to deallocate */
4229 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4233 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4242 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4244 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4249 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4250 "\033[H" /* move home */
4251 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4258 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4259 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4264 t = tempfn_random(to);
4268 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4271 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4279 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4280 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4284 t = tempfn_random(path);
4288 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4291 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4299 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4300 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4304 t = tempfn_random(path);
4308 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4311 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4319 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4323 display[0] == ':' &&
4324 display[1] >= '0' &&
4328 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4335 if (!display_is_local(display))
4338 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4340 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4344 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4345 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4354 const char **username,
4355 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4357 const char **shell) {
4365 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4366 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4368 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4386 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4390 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4391 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4392 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4393 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4394 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4396 *username = p->pw_name;
4399 p = getpwnam(*username);
4403 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4415 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4420 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4425 return strdup("root");
4429 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4431 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4437 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4442 return strdup("root");
4446 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4448 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4454 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4460 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4461 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4463 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4464 *groupname = "root";
4472 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4477 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4480 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4484 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4492 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4494 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4496 if (getgid() == gid)
4499 if (getegid() == gid)
4502 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4503 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4505 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4507 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4511 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4518 int in_group(const char *name) {
4522 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4529 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4530 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4536 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4538 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4540 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4543 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4545 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4548 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4549 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4554 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4556 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4558 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4560 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4561 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4563 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4564 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4572 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4578 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4581 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4585 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4586 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4587 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4588 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4589 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4590 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4591 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4597 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4598 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4599 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4600 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4604 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4605 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4617 if (!de && errno != 0)
4622 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4624 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4628 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4629 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4632 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4643 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4649 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4663 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4668 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4692 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4706 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4707 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4709 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4710 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4715 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4722 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4723 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4726 r = access(p, F_OK);
4734 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4735 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4738 r = access(p, F_OK);
4744 /* Get parent dev_t */
4745 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4748 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4754 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4760 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4761 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4764 r = access(p, F_OK);
4768 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4775 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4780 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4784 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4785 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4788 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4789 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4790 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4791 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4792 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4795 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4797 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4798 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4799 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4800 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4801 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4802 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4803 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4806 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4808 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4809 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4810 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4811 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4812 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4813 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4814 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4815 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4816 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4817 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4818 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4819 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4820 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4821 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4822 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4823 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4824 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4825 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4826 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4827 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4828 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4831 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4833 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4834 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4835 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4836 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4838 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4839 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4840 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4841 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4844 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4846 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4847 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4848 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4849 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4850 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4854 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4856 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4857 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4858 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4859 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4860 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4861 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4862 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4863 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4864 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4865 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4866 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4867 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4868 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4869 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4870 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4871 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4872 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4875 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4877 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4878 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4879 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4880 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4881 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4884 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4886 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4903 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4914 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4916 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4922 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4924 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4925 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4928 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4932 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4933 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4935 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4940 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4945 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4949 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4953 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4954 signo = (int) u + offset;
4955 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4961 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4962 bool loaded = false;
4965 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4973 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4991 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4993 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5002 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5009 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5012 static const struct {
5016 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5017 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5018 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5019 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5020 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5024 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5026 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5029 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5030 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5037 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5045 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5058 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5060 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5062 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5063 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5066 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5069 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5070 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5076 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5078 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5080 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5081 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5084 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5087 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5088 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5093 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5094 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5096 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5104 parent_pid = getpid();
5106 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5113 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5120 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5121 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5122 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5124 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5125 * to set the death signal */
5126 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5127 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5129 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5130 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5132 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5133 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5135 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5136 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5137 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5138 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5139 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5140 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5141 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5142 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5143 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5145 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5146 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5150 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5153 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5159 /* Count arguments */
5161 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5166 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5168 /* Fill in arguments */
5170 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5171 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5175 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5178 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5179 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5183 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5189 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5190 * to get as close as we can */
5191 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5193 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5194 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5196 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5202 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5203 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5214 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5216 f = fopen(path, "re");
5224 char line[LINE_MAX];
5227 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5231 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5241 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5242 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5256 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5259 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5262 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5265 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5268 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5271 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5277 bool in_initrd(void) {
5278 static int saved = -1;
5284 /* We make two checks here:
5286 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5287 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5289 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5290 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5291 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5294 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5295 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5296 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5301 void warn_melody(void) {
5302 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5304 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5308 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5310 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5311 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5313 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5314 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5316 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5317 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5319 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5322 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5325 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5327 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5329 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5335 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5342 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5350 /* Take the user specified one */
5351 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5352 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5361 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5364 h = strdup("/root");
5372 /* Check the database... */
5376 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5378 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5381 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5389 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5397 /* Take the user specified one */
5398 e = getenv("SHELL");
5408 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5411 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5419 /* Check the database... */
5423 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5425 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5428 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5436 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5450 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5456 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5462 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5463 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5466 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5474 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5475 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5477 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5482 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5483 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5486 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5496 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5501 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5504 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5507 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5508 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5511 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5517 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5518 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5519 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5528 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5529 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5532 else if (comparison > 0)
5540 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5542 static int cached_answer = -1;
5544 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5547 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5548 cached_answer = true;
5552 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5554 cached_answer = true;
5558 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5559 cached_answer = true;
5563 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5564 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5565 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5567 cached_answer = true;
5571 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5575 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5576 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5580 return (bool) cached_answer;
5583 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5584 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5587 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5588 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5589 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5590 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5591 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5592 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5593 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5594 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5597 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5598 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5599 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5600 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5601 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5602 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5603 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5604 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5609 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5612 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5615 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5621 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5622 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5635 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5641 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5642 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5650 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5662 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5663 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5668 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5670 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5676 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5678 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5680 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5684 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5689 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5691 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5692 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5693 else if (*i == '\t')
5700 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5703 } else if (*i == '[') {
5704 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5709 state = STATE_OTHER;
5716 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5717 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5720 state = STATE_OTHER;
5722 } else if (*i == 'm')
5723 state = STATE_OTHER;
5745 int on_ac_power(void) {
5746 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5747 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5749 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5755 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5761 if (!de && errno != 0)
5767 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5770 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5772 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5778 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5780 if (errno == ENOENT)
5786 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5790 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5794 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5796 if (errno == ENOENT)
5802 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5806 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5809 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5810 found_online = true;
5812 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5813 found_offline = true;
5818 return found_online || !found_offline;
5821 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5828 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5831 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5832 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5836 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5838 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5848 if (errno != ENOENT)
5855 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5856 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5862 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5865 f = fopen(path, mode);
5874 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5878 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
5881 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5882 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5884 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5887 f = fopen(path, mode);
5896 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5900 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
5903 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5910 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5917 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5922 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5931 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5941 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5955 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5963 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5967 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5974 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
5981 if (*allocated >= need)
5984 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
5985 a = newalloc * size;
5987 /* check for overflows */
5988 if (a < size * need)
5996 *allocated = newalloc;
6000 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6009 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6013 if (*allocated > prev)
6014 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6019 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6025 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6027 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6030 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6031 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6032 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6036 } else if (l == 36) {
6038 /* Formatted UUID */
6040 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6043 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6047 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6048 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6049 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6060 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6075 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6079 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6091 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6092 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6093 const char *word, *state;
6097 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6100 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
6105 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(word, l, line, state) {
6113 e = startswith(n, "systemd.restore_state=");
6117 k = parse_boolean(e);
6125 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6128 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
6129 char *buf = NULL, *p;
6132 r = read_full_file("/proc/1/cmdline", &buf, &sz);
6136 for (p = buf; p + 1 < buf + sz; p++)
6145 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6152 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6153 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6154 const char *w, *state;
6160 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6162 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
6166 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
6167 char word[l+1], *value;
6172 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6174 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6177 value = strchr(word, '=');
6181 r = parse_item(word, value);
6189 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6190 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6198 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6199 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6207 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6210 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6220 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6221 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6229 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6230 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6238 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6239 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6247 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6248 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6256 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6257 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6263 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6266 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6269 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6274 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6279 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6282 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6286 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6290 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6294 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6297 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6301 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6304 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6307 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6313 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6314 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6319 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6322 return errno != ESRCH;
6325 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6328 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6333 r = get_process_state(pid);
6334 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6340 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6341 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6348 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6352 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6355 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6356 * to namespacing issues */
6364 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6376 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6380 if (errno != ERANGE)
6387 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6403 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6404 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6405 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6412 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6419 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6426 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6427 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6432 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6433 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6435 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6443 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6446 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6449 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6450 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6452 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6453 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6455 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6456 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6461 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6463 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6464 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6465 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6466 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6467 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6468 * used by libseccomp. */
6470 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6472 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6475 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6478 #elif defined(__i386__)
6480 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6484 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6485 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6486 * as error indicator. */
6487 return 0xffffffffUL;
6490 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6492 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6494 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6500 #elif defined(__i386__)
6509 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6512 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6513 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6515 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6518 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6521 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6523 struct mntent me = {
6524 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6529 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6535 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6538 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6539 const uint8_t *b = p;
6542 assert(s == 0 || b);
6547 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6549 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6554 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6562 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6567 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6581 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6586 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6588 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6589 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6591 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6596 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6600 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6601 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6602 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6605 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6610 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6611 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6615 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6618 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6619 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6620 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6621 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6622 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6623 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6624 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6625 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6626 "- " /* (8) separator */
6627 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6628 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6629 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6630 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6639 p = cunescape(path);
6643 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6646 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6662 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6663 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6664 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6667 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6668 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6669 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6670 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6671 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6672 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6673 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6674 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6675 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6676 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6677 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6678 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6679 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6681 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6685 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6687 done = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
6692 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6693 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6694 bool top_autofs = false;
6697 todo = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
6701 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6702 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6706 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6709 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6710 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6711 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6712 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6713 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6714 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6715 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6716 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6717 "- " /* (8) separator */
6718 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6719 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6720 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6721 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6731 p = cunescape(path);
6735 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6736 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6737 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6738 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6739 * already triggered, then we will find
6740 * another entry for this. */
6741 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6742 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6746 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6747 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6749 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6759 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6760 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6762 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6763 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6766 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6767 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6768 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6769 * mount, make it one. */
6770 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6773 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6776 x = strdup(cleaned);
6780 r = set_consume(done, x);
6785 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6787 r = set_consume(done, x);
6793 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6795 /* Deal with mount points that are
6796 * obstructed by a later mount */
6798 if (errno != ENOENT)
6806 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6813 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6818 char *tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p) {
6825 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 6 + 1);
6832 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn), "XXXXXX");
6837 char *tempfn_random(const char *p) {
6846 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 16 + 1);
6853 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn);
6856 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6857 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
6866 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
6867 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
6870 /* This tries to identify local hostnames described in RFC6761
6871 * plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
6873 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
6874 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
6875 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
6876 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
6877 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
6878 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
6881 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
6883 struct flock flock = {
6885 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
6893 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
6894 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
6895 * our own trivial version of this.
6897 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
6898 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
6899 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
6900 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
6901 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
6904 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
6906 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
6908 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
6912 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);