1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <linux/magic.h>
70 #include "path-util.h"
71 #include "exit-status.h"
75 #include "device-nodes.h"
82 char **saved_argv = NULL;
84 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
85 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
87 size_t page_size(void) {
88 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
91 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
94 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
101 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
103 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
114 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
121 pl = strlen(postfix);
124 return (char*) s + sl;
129 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
132 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
135 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
154 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
157 int close_nointr(int fd) {
163 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
164 * thing to do on Linux.
166 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
167 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
168 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
169 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
171 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
179 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
182 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
185 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
188 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
191 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
193 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
194 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
197 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
208 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
211 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
213 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
219 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
220 unsigned long ul = 0;
227 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
233 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
243 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
244 unsigned long ul = 0;
251 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
257 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
264 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
272 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
274 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
275 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
277 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
280 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
284 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
292 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
294 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
295 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
297 if ((long) (int) l != l)
304 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
306 unsigned long long l;
312 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
314 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
315 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
321 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
329 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
331 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
332 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
338 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
345 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
350 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
351 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
357 /* Split a string into words. */
358 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
361 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
363 if (!*current || *c == 0)
366 current += strspn(current, separator);
367 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
370 return (char*) current;
373 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
374 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
375 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
377 bool escaped = false;
379 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
381 if (!*current || *c == 0)
384 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
386 if (*current == '\'') {
389 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
399 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
400 } else if (*current == '\"') {
403 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
413 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
415 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
420 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
427 return (char*) current;
430 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
432 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
445 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
450 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
451 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
455 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
456 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
457 * skip over it manually */
459 p = strrchr(line, ')');
471 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
474 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
479 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
480 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
488 p = "/proc/self/stat";
490 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
496 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
503 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
504 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
505 * skip over it manually */
507 p = strrchr(line, ')');
529 "%*d " /* priority */
531 "%*d " /* num_threads */
532 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
533 "%llu " /* starttime */,
540 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
545 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
551 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
554 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
558 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
565 p = "/proc/self/comm";
567 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
569 return read_one_line_file(p, name);
572 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
573 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
582 p = "/proc/self/cmdline";
584 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
590 if (max_length == 0) {
591 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
593 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
595 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
600 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
610 r = new(char, max_length);
616 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
638 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
645 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
646 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
647 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
655 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
659 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
668 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
680 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
685 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
689 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
692 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
697 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
704 p = "/proc/self/status";
706 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
708 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
711 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
720 p = "/proc/self/exe";
722 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
724 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
728 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
735 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
736 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
746 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
751 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
756 if (startswith(l, field)) {
758 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
760 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
762 return parse_uid(l, uid);
769 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
770 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
773 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
774 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
775 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
778 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
786 return strndup(suffix, b);
795 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
798 r = new(char, a+b+1);
803 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
809 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
810 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
813 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
823 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
826 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
832 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
843 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
844 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
851 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
855 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
863 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
870 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
874 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
881 path_kill_slashes(*r);
886 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
889 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
890 struct sigaction sa = {
891 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
892 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
895 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
898 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
899 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
900 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
908 char *strstrip(char *s) {
911 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
912 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
914 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
916 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
917 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
925 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
928 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
930 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
942 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
949 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
955 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
962 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
963 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
966 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
967 return strdup(filename);
969 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
970 return strdup(filename);
972 k = strlen(filename);
973 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
976 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
977 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
982 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
991 /* Skip trailing slashes */
992 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
998 /* Skip last component */
999 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1002 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1003 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1009 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1012 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1021 if (errno != ENOENT)
1028 char hexchar(int x) {
1029 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1031 return table[x & 15];
1034 int unhexchar(char c) {
1036 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1039 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1040 return c - 'a' + 10;
1042 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1043 return c - 'A' + 10;
1048 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1052 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1056 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1057 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1058 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1065 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1071 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1075 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1078 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1080 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1084 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1091 char octchar(int x) {
1092 return '0' + (x & 7);
1095 int unoctchar(char c) {
1097 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1103 char decchar(int x) {
1104 return '0' + (x % 10);
1107 int undecchar(char c) {
1109 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1115 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1121 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1123 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1127 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1173 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1174 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1175 * g_strescape() does the same */
1176 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1178 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1179 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1180 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1191 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1198 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1200 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1202 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1207 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1209 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1252 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1257 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1260 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1261 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1263 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1264 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1268 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1283 /* octal encoding */
1286 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1287 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1288 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1290 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1291 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1295 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1303 /* premature end of string.*/
1308 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1320 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1321 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1324 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1327 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1330 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1334 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1335 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1338 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1342 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1344 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1345 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1348 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1349 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1359 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1365 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1366 * with. Can be reversed with bus_path_unescape(). We special
1367 * case the empty string. */
1372 r = new(char, strlen(s)*3 + 1);
1376 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1378 /* Escape everything that is not a-zA-Z0-9. We also
1379 * escape 0-9 if it's the first character */
1381 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1382 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1383 !(f > s && *f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1385 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1386 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1396 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1401 /* Special case for the empty string */
1405 r = new(char, strlen(f) + 1);
1409 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1414 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1415 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1416 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1419 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1431 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1436 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1437 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1438 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1443 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1447 filename[0] == '.' ||
1448 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1449 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1450 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1451 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1452 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1453 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1454 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1455 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1456 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1459 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1462 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1465 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1468 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1473 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1477 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1479 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1481 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1487 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1492 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1496 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1498 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1500 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1506 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1509 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1511 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1518 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1523 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1525 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1530 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1531 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1534 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1535 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1537 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1540 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1541 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1548 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1551 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1554 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1555 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1564 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1567 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1568 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1569 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1578 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1581 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1582 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1589 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1590 static const char table[] =
1600 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1604 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1606 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1612 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1616 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1619 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1622 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1628 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1629 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1631 char line[LINE_MAX];
1636 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1637 new_termios = old_termios;
1639 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1640 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1641 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1643 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1646 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1647 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1648 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1653 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1655 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1661 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1668 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1669 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1672 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1677 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1687 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1697 bool need_nl = true;
1700 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1707 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1711 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1714 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1715 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1726 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1731 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1735 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1736 struct termios termios;
1739 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1743 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1744 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1745 * interfere with that. */
1747 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1748 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1750 /* Switch to text mode */
1752 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1754 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1755 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1757 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1762 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1763 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1764 * else will do that for us */
1766 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1767 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1768 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1769 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1770 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1772 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1773 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1774 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1775 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1776 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1777 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1778 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1779 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1780 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1781 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1782 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1783 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1784 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1786 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1787 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1789 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1793 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1794 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1799 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1802 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1806 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1807 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1812 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1817 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1818 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1819 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1820 * retrying a couple of times.
1822 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1825 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1828 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1835 /* Max 1s in total */
1839 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1848 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1853 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1860 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1861 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1871 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1881 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1887 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1896 int acquire_terminal(
1900 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1903 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1908 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1909 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1910 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1912 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1913 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1914 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1915 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1916 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1917 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1918 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1919 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1921 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1922 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1924 if (!fail && !force) {
1925 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1931 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1939 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1940 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1941 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1945 r = flush_fd(notify);
1950 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1951 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1952 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1953 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1957 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1958 * if we already own the tty. */
1959 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1961 /* First, try to get the tty */
1962 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1965 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1967 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1968 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1969 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1970 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1973 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1982 assert(notify >= 0);
1985 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1987 struct inotify_event *e;
1989 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1992 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1993 if (ts + timeout < n) {
1998 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2008 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2011 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2018 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2023 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2028 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2029 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2031 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2038 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2039 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2040 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2041 * an endless loop. */
2042 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2046 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2048 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2050 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2056 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2059 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2064 int release_terminal(void) {
2066 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2067 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2068 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2070 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2072 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2076 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2077 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2078 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2080 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2083 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2088 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2093 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2094 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2101 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2102 struct sigaction sa = {
2103 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2104 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2110 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2114 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2115 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2122 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2123 struct sigaction sa = {
2124 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2125 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2130 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2134 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2135 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2142 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2148 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2153 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2157 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2160 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2169 while (nbytes > 0) {
2172 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2174 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2177 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2178 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2183 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2187 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2190 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2191 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2192 * via read()/write()
2198 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2209 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2218 while (nbytes > 0) {
2221 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2224 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2227 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2228 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2233 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2237 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2240 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2241 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2242 * via read()/write()
2248 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2259 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2260 static const struct {
2262 unsigned long long factor;
2266 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2267 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2268 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2269 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2270 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2275 unsigned long long r = 0;
2287 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2298 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2300 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2301 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2302 unsigned long long tmp;
2303 if ((unsigned long long) l > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2305 tmp = l * table[i].factor;
2306 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2310 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2313 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2317 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2327 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2332 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2333 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2334 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2337 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2339 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2342 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2347 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2350 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2354 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2357 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2359 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2360 * sysfs or in /dev */
2363 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2364 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2367 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2368 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2377 union dirent_storage buf;
2379 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2386 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2391 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2392 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2409 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2410 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2414 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2418 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2419 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2425 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2428 unsigned random_u(void) {
2429 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2433 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2437 r = loop_read(fd, &u, sizeof(u), true);
2444 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2447 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2450 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2451 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2452 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2453 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2454 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2455 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2458 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2460 if (program_invocation_name)
2461 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2463 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2467 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2469 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2473 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2478 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2485 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2486 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2490 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2493 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2495 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2496 return strdup(u.nodename);
2498 return strdup(u.sysname);
2501 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2504 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2506 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2509 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2512 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2513 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2515 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2517 return strdup("root");
2519 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2523 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2527 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2528 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2530 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2536 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2540 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2545 return lookup_uid(uid);
2548 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2555 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2558 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2559 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2564 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2570 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2578 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2582 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2586 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2588 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2595 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2596 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2597 char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
2598 unsigned long ttynr;
2606 fn = "/proc/self/stat";
2608 fn = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2610 f = fopen(fn, "re");
2614 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2615 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
2619 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2629 "%*d " /* session */
2634 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2641 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2643 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *s, *b, *p;
2648 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2652 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2654 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2660 /* This is an ugly hack */
2661 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2662 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2672 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2673 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2674 * vaguely useful. */
2687 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2689 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2707 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2713 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2714 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2718 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2720 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2725 union dirent_storage buf;
2726 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2730 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2731 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
2739 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2742 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2744 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2745 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2746 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2751 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2754 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2755 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2757 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2758 keep_around = false;
2764 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2765 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2768 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2769 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2770 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2771 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2776 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2777 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2781 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2782 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2786 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2788 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2789 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2800 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2803 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2804 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2807 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2812 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2813 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2817 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2818 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2820 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2821 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2822 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2826 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2829 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2835 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2836 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2837 * seriously broken system. */
2838 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2839 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2843 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2846 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2850 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2853 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2854 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2859 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2860 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2867 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2868 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2872 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2873 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2874 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2879 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2882 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2885 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2894 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2895 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2898 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2899 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2902 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2905 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2906 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2907 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2909 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2910 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2913 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2914 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2920 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2923 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2924 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2925 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2927 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2928 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2931 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2932 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2938 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2942 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2945 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2948 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2949 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2959 if (errno != EINVAL)
2966 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2967 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2968 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2969 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2970 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2972 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2976 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2977 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2979 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2982 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2995 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3001 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3009 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3010 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3013 if (!isempty(status)) {
3014 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3015 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3016 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3018 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3021 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3023 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3025 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3031 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3037 va_start(ap, format);
3038 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3044 int status_welcome(void) {
3045 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3048 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3049 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3050 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3053 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
3054 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3056 return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
3057 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3058 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
3059 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
3062 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3069 const char *e, *word = format;
3074 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3085 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3094 } else if (*e == '$') {
3095 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3111 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3113 k = strappend(r, t);
3127 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3138 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3140 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3142 l = strv_length(argv);
3144 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3147 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3149 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3150 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3155 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3158 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3169 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3178 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3186 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3187 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3197 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3198 struct winsize ws = {};
3200 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3209 unsigned columns(void) {
3213 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3214 return cached_columns;
3217 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3222 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3231 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3232 struct winsize ws = {};
3234 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3243 unsigned lines(void) {
3247 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3248 return cached_lines;
3251 e = getenv("LINES");
3256 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3262 return cached_lines;
3265 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3266 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3272 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3274 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3275 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3277 return cached_on_tty;
3280 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3281 struct stat a = {}, b = {};
3283 /* Only works as root */
3284 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3287 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3291 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3292 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3295 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3300 assert(percent <= 100);
3301 assert(new_length >= 3);
3303 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3304 return strndup(s, old_length);
3306 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3310 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3312 if (x > new_length - 3)
3320 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3321 new_length - x - 3);
3326 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3330 unsigned k, len, len2;
3333 assert(percent <= 100);
3334 assert(new_length >= 3);
3336 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3337 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3338 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3340 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3341 return strndup(s, old_length);
3343 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3345 if (x > new_length - 3)
3349 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3352 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3355 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3358 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3361 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3364 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3365 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3368 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3372 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3374 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3376 /* make space for ellipsis */
3377 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3380 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3381 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3386 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3387 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3391 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3395 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3400 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3401 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3404 int touch(const char *path) {
3409 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3410 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3413 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3417 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3421 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3425 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3426 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3427 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3434 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3435 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3440 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3441 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3444 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3456 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3460 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3468 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3472 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3478 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3489 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3501 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3508 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3510 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3514 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3515 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3516 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3517 return status.si_status;
3520 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3523 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3524 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3526 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3530 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3534 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3536 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3537 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3545 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3548 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3551 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3557 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3562 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3565 return null_or_empty(&st);
3568 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3572 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3574 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3580 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3587 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3591 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3593 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3594 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3599 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3600 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3604 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3608 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3609 t = new(char, enc_len);
3613 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3616 if (asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t) < 0)
3622 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3625 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3626 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3628 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3629 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3631 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3632 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3634 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3635 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3640 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3643 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3646 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3649 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3652 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3655 return streq(tty, "console");
3658 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3663 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3666 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3669 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3672 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3676 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3682 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3685 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3686 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3688 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3691 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3694 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3695 * /dev/console points to */
3696 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3702 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3705 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3706 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3708 tty = *active = tmp;
3715 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3716 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3720 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3723 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3724 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3729 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3732 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3735 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3738 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3741 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3744 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3745 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3746 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3752 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3755 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3756 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3757 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3760 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3763 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3766 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3769 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3773 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3774 * waits for them to finish. */
3777 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3779 if (errno == ENOENT)
3782 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3789 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3790 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3794 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3799 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3802 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3807 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3808 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3826 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3827 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3830 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3832 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3833 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3838 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3839 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3843 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3848 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3852 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3853 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3854 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3855 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3857 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3859 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3870 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3873 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3876 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3884 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3890 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3891 if (streq(i, needle))
3897 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3898 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3901 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3910 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3912 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3913 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3914 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3920 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3927 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3934 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3944 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3950 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3954 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3961 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3962 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3973 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3978 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3980 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3982 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3985 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3992 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3995 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3997 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4002 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
4009 return pollfd.revents;
4012 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4023 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4027 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
4031 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
4033 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4039 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4052 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4055 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4061 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4064 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4068 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4069 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4074 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4078 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4079 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4080 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4082 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4085 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4086 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4087 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4089 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4094 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4095 "\033[H" /* move home */
4096 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4098 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4103 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4106 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4113 /* Try to deallocate */
4114 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4118 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4119 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4127 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4129 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4134 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4135 "\033[H" /* move home */
4136 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4138 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4143 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int flags) {
4144 _cleanup_close_ int fdf = -1;
4150 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4154 fdt = open(to, flags|O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4162 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4176 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4178 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4187 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4197 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4199 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4202 unsigned long long ull;
4209 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4213 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4217 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4220 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4221 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4227 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4230 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4239 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4243 display[0] == ':' &&
4244 display[1] >= '0' &&
4248 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4255 if (!display_is_local(display))
4258 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4260 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4264 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4265 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4274 const char **username,
4275 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4277 const char **shell) {
4285 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4286 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4288 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4306 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4310 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4311 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4312 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4313 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4314 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4316 *username = p->pw_name;
4319 p = getpwnam(*username);
4323 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4335 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4340 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4345 return strdup("root");
4349 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4351 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4357 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4362 return strdup("root");
4366 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4368 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4374 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4380 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4381 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4383 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4384 *groupname = "root";
4392 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4397 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4400 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4404 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4412 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4414 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4416 if (getgid() == gid)
4419 if (getegid() == gid)
4422 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4423 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4425 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4427 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4431 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4438 int in_group(const char *name) {
4442 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4449 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4450 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4456 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4458 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4460 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4463 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4465 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4468 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4469 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4474 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4476 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4478 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4480 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4481 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4483 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4484 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4492 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4498 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4501 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4505 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4506 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4507 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4508 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4509 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4510 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4511 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4517 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4519 _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
4522 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4526 STRV_FOREACH(i, search)
4527 if (path_equal(parent, *i))
4533 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4534 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4535 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4536 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4540 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4541 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4550 union dirent_storage buf;
4553 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
4560 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4562 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4566 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4567 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4570 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4581 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4587 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4601 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4606 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4630 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4644 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4645 static __thread int cached = 0;
4647 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4648 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4653 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4660 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4661 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4664 r = access(p, F_OK);
4672 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4673 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4676 r = access(p, F_OK);
4682 /* Get parent dev_t */
4683 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4686 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4692 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4698 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4699 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4702 r = access(p, F_OK);
4706 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4713 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4718 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4722 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4723 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4726 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4727 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4728 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4729 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4730 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4733 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4735 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4736 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4737 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4738 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4739 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4740 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4741 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4744 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4746 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4747 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4748 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4749 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4750 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4751 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4752 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4753 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4754 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4755 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4756 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4757 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4758 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4759 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4760 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4761 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4762 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4763 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4764 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4765 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4766 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4769 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4771 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4772 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4773 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4774 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4776 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4777 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4778 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4779 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4782 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4784 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4785 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4786 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4787 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4788 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4792 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4794 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4795 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4796 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4797 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4798 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4799 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4800 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4801 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4802 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4803 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4804 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4805 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4806 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4807 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4808 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4809 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4810 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4813 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4815 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4816 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4817 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4818 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4819 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4822 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4824 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4841 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4852 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4854 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4860 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4862 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4863 static __thread char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4866 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4870 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4871 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4873 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4878 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4883 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4887 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4891 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4892 signo = (int) u + offset;
4893 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4899 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4900 bool loaded = false;
4903 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4911 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4929 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4931 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4940 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4947 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4950 static const struct {
4954 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4955 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4956 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4957 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4958 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4962 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4964 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4967 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4968 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4975 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4983 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4996 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4998 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5000 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5002 l == sizeof(value) &&
5003 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5007 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5014 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5016 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5018 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5020 l == sizeof(value) &&
5021 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5025 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5032 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5033 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5035 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5043 parent_pid = getpid();
5045 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5052 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5059 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5060 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5061 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5063 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5064 * to set the death signal */
5065 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5066 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5068 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5069 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5071 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5072 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5074 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5075 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5076 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5077 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5078 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5079 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5080 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5081 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5082 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5084 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5085 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5089 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5092 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5098 /* Count arguments */
5100 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5105 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5107 /* Fill in arguments */
5109 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5110 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5114 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5117 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5118 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5122 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5128 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5129 * to get as close as we can */
5130 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5132 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5133 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5135 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5141 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5142 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5154 path = "/proc/self/environ";
5156 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5158 f = fopen(path, "re");
5166 char line[LINE_MAX];
5169 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5173 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5183 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5184 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5198 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5201 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5204 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5207 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5210 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5213 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5219 bool in_initrd(void) {
5220 static __thread int saved = -1;
5226 /* We make two checks here:
5228 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5229 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5231 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5232 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5233 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5236 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5237 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5238 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5243 void warn_melody(void) {
5244 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5246 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5250 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5252 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5253 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5255 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5256 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5258 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5259 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5261 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5264 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5267 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5269 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5271 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5277 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5284 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5292 /* Take the user specified one */
5303 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5306 h = strdup("/root");
5314 /* Check the database... */
5318 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5320 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5323 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5331 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5345 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5351 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5356 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5357 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5360 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5368 * Check if a string contains control characters.
5369 * Spaces and tabs are not considered control characters.
5371 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5376 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5377 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ' && *t != '\t')
5383 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5388 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5391 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5394 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5395 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5398 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5404 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5405 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5406 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5415 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5416 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5419 else if (comparison > 0)
5427 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5429 static int cached_answer = -1;
5431 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5434 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5435 cached_answer = true;
5439 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5441 cached_answer = true;
5445 if(streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5446 cached_answer = true;
5450 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5451 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5452 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5454 cached_answer = true;
5458 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5462 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5463 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5467 return (bool) cached_answer;
5470 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5471 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5473 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5474 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5475 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5476 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5477 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5478 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217 ", /* ● */
5480 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5481 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5482 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5483 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5484 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5485 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5486 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "* ",
5490 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5493 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5496 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5502 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5503 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5516 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5522 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5523 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5531 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5543 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5544 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5549 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5551 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5557 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5559 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5561 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5565 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5570 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5572 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5573 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5574 else if (*i == '\t')
5581 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5584 } else if (*i == '[') {
5585 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5590 state = STATE_OTHER;
5597 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5598 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5601 state = STATE_OTHER;
5603 } else if (*i == 'm')
5604 state = STATE_OTHER;
5626 int on_ac_power(void) {
5627 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5628 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5630 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5636 union dirent_storage buf;
5637 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5642 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
5649 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5652 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5654 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5660 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5662 if (errno == ENOENT)
5668 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5672 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5675 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5676 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5678 if (errno == ENOENT)
5684 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5688 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5691 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5692 found_online = true;
5694 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5695 found_offline = true;
5700 return found_online || !found_offline;
5703 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5710 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_uniq(search))
5713 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5714 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5717 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5727 if (errno != ENOENT)
5734 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5735 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5741 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5744 f = fopen(path, mode);
5753 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5757 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5760 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5761 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5763 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5766 f = fopen(path, mode);
5775 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5779 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5782 int create_tmp_dir(char template[], char** dir_name) {
5784 char *d = NULL, *dt;
5788 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0077) {
5789 d = mkdtemp(template);
5792 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", template);
5796 dt = strjoin(d, "/tmp", NULL);
5802 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0000) {
5803 r = mkdir(dt, 0777);
5806 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", dt);
5810 log_debug("Created temporary directory %s", dt);
5812 r = chmod(dt, 0777 | S_ISVTX);
5814 log_error("Failed to chmod %s: %m", dt);
5818 log_debug("Set sticky bit on %s", dt);
5832 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5839 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5846 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5851 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5860 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5870 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5884 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5892 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5896 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5903 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5907 if (*allocated >= need)
5910 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);
5920 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5926 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5928 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5931 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5932 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5933 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5937 } else if (l == 36) {
5939 /* Formatted UUID */
5941 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5944 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5948 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5949 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5950 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5961 void parse_user_at_host(char *arg, char **user, char **host) {
5966 *host = strchr(arg, '@');
5975 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
5990 a = strndup(s, x - s);
5994 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6006 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6007 _cleanup_free_ char *line;
6012 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6015 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
6018 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state)
6019 if (l == 23 && memcmp(w, "systemd.restore_state=0", 23))
6025 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6028 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
6033 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);