1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
68 #include "path-util.h"
69 #include "exit-status.h"
73 char **saved_argv = NULL;
75 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
76 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
78 size_t page_size(void) {
79 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
82 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
85 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
92 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
94 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
105 usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) {
108 assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0);
110 return timespec_load(&ts);
113 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts) {
116 ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
117 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
122 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_realtime(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u) {
131 delta = (int64_t) now(CLOCK_REALTIME) - (int64_t) u;
133 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
135 if ((int64_t) ts->monotonic > delta)
136 ts->monotonic -= delta;
144 usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) {
147 if (ts->tv_sec == (time_t) -1 &&
148 ts->tv_nsec == (long) -1)
152 (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
153 (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
156 struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u) {
159 if (u == (usec_t) -1) {
160 ts->tv_sec = (time_t) -1;
161 ts->tv_nsec = (long) -1;
165 ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
166 ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC);
171 usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) {
174 if (tv->tv_sec == (time_t) -1 &&
175 tv->tv_usec == (suseconds_t) -1)
179 (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
180 (usec_t) tv->tv_usec;
183 struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) {
186 if (u == (usec_t) -1) {
187 tv->tv_sec = (time_t) -1;
188 tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) -1;
192 tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
193 tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC);
198 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
205 pl = strlen(postfix);
208 return (char*) s + sl;
213 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
216 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
219 char* startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
236 char* startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
246 if (tolower(*a) != tolower(*b))
253 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
268 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
272 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
275 int close_nointr(int fd) {
290 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
291 int saved_errno = errno;
293 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
296 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
301 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
304 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
305 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
308 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
311 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on"))
313 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off"))
319 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
320 unsigned long ul = 0;
327 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
333 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
343 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
344 unsigned long ul = 0;
351 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
357 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
364 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
372 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
374 if (!x || *x || errno)
375 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
377 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
380 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
384 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
392 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
394 if (!x || *x || errno)
395 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
397 if ((long) (int) l != l)
404 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
406 unsigned long long l;
412 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
414 if (!x || *x || errno)
415 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
421 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
429 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
431 if (!x || *x || errno)
432 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
438 /* Split a string into words. */
439 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
442 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
444 if (!*current || *c == 0)
447 current += strspn(current, separator);
448 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
451 return (char*) current;
454 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
455 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
456 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
458 bool escaped = false;
460 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
462 if (!*current || *c == 0)
465 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
467 if (*current == '\'') {
470 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
480 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
481 } else if (*current == '\"') {
484 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
494 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
496 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
501 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
508 return (char*) current;
511 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
513 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
514 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
520 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
527 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
528 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
533 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
534 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
535 * skip over it manually */
537 p = strrchr(line, ')');
549 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
552 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
557 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
558 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
559 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
564 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
571 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
578 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
579 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
580 * skip over it manually */
582 p = strrchr(line, ')');
604 "%*d " /* priority */
606 "%*d " /* num_threads */
607 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
608 "%llu " /* starttime */,
615 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) {
616 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
626 if (fputs(line, f) < 0)
627 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
629 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
635 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
640 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
645 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
651 int write_one_line_file_atomic(const char *fn, const char *line) {
659 r = fopen_temporary(fn, &f, &p);
663 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
666 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
671 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
682 if (rename(p, fn) < 0)
698 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
699 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
700 char t[LINE_MAX], *c;
709 if (!fgets(t, sizeof(t), f)) {
712 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
726 int read_full_file(const char *fn, char **contents, size_t *size) {
727 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
729 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
736 if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0)
740 if (st.st_size > 4*1024*1024)
743 n = st.st_size > 0 ? st.st_size : LINE_MAX;
750 t = realloc(buf, n+1);
755 k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f);
784 const char *separator, ...) {
787 char *contents = NULL, *p;
792 if ((r = read_full_file(fname, &contents, NULL)) < 0)
797 const char *key = NULL;
799 p += strspn(p, separator);
800 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
805 if (!strchr(COMMENTS, *p)) {
809 va_start(ap, separator);
810 while ((key = va_arg(ap, char *))) {
814 value = va_arg(ap, char **);
817 if (strncmp(p, key, n) != 0 ||
822 n = strcspn(p, separator);
825 strchr(QUOTES, p[0]) &&
827 v = strndup(p+1, n-2);
838 /* return empty value strings as NULL */
855 p += strcspn(p, separator);
874 if (!(f = fopen(fname, "re")))
878 char l[LINE_MAX], *p, *u;
881 if (!fgets(l, sizeof(l), f)) {
894 if (strchr(COMMENTS, *p))
897 if (!(u = normalize_env_assignment(p))) {
902 t = strv_append(m, u);
928 int write_env_file(const char *fname, char **l) {
933 r = fopen_temporary(fname, &f, &p);
937 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
953 if (rename(p, fname) < 0)
968 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
971 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
975 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
981 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/comm", name);
984 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
987 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
994 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
1001 assert(max_length > 0);
1005 f = fopen("/proc/self/cmdline", "re");
1008 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1018 r = new(char, max_length);
1026 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
1048 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
1049 memcpy(k, "...", n);
1056 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
1066 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
1070 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
1081 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
1091 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1100 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1104 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
1107 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
1112 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
1118 r = readlink_malloc("/proc/self/exe", name);
1121 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/exe", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1124 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
1131 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
1141 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/status", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1151 char line[LINE_MAX], *l;
1153 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
1163 if (startswith(l, field)) {
1165 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
1167 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
1169 r = parse_uid(l, uid);
1182 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
1183 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
1186 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
1187 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
1190 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
1198 return strndup(suffix, b);
1207 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
1210 r = new(char, a+b+1);
1215 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
1221 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
1222 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
1225 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
1235 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
1238 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
1244 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1255 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1262 if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
1265 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1275 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1282 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1286 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1293 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1298 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1301 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1302 struct sigaction sa;
1304 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1308 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
1309 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1311 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1312 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1313 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1314 if (errno != EINVAL)
1321 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1324 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1325 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1327 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1329 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1330 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1338 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1341 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1343 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1344 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1355 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
1361 for (i = s; *i; i++)
1362 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
1368 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1375 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1376 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1379 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1380 return strdup(filename);
1382 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1383 return strdup(filename);
1385 k = strlen(filename);
1386 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1389 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1390 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1395 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1404 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1405 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1411 /* Skip last component */
1412 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1415 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1416 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1422 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1425 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1434 if (errno != ENOENT)
1442 char hexchar(int x) {
1443 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1445 return table[x & 15];
1448 int unhexchar(char c) {
1450 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1453 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1454 return c - 'a' + 10;
1456 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1457 return c - 'A' + 10;
1462 char octchar(int x) {
1463 return '0' + (x & 7);
1466 int unoctchar(char c) {
1468 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1474 char decchar(int x) {
1475 return '0' + (x % 10);
1478 int undecchar(char c) {
1480 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1486 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1492 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1494 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1498 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1544 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1545 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1546 * g_strescape() does the same */
1547 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1549 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1550 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1551 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1562 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1569 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1571 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1573 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1578 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1580 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1623 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1628 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1631 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1632 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1634 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1635 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1639 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1654 /* octal encoding */
1657 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1658 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1659 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1661 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1662 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1666 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1674 /* premature end of string.*/
1679 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1691 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1692 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1695 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1698 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1701 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1705 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1706 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1709 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1713 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1715 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1716 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1719 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1720 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1730 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1736 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1737 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1739 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1)))
1742 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1744 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1745 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1746 !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1748 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1749 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1759 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1764 if (!(r = strdup(f)))
1767 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1772 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1773 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1774 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1777 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1789 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1794 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1795 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1796 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1801 static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1805 filename[0] == '.' ||
1806 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1807 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1808 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1809 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1810 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1811 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1812 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1813 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1814 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1817 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1820 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1823 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1826 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1831 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1835 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1837 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1839 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1845 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1850 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1854 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1856 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1858 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1864 static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1867 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1869 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1876 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1881 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1883 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1888 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1889 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1892 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1893 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1895 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1898 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1899 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1906 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1909 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1912 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1913 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1922 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1925 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1926 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1927 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1936 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1939 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1940 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1947 char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1957 sec = (time_t) (t / USEC_PER_SEC);
1959 if (strftime(buf, l, "%a, %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z", localtime_r(&sec, &tm)) <= 0)
1965 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1968 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
1970 if (t <= 0 || t > n || t + USEC_PER_DAY*7 <= t)
1975 if (d >= USEC_PER_YEAR)
1976 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu years and %llu months ago",
1977 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_YEAR),
1978 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_YEAR) / USEC_PER_MONTH));
1979 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MONTH)
1980 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu months and %llu days ago",
1981 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MONTH),
1982 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MONTH) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1983 else if (d >= USEC_PER_WEEK)
1984 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago",
1985 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_WEEK),
1986 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_WEEK) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1987 else if (d >= 2*USEC_PER_DAY)
1988 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_DAY));
1989 else if (d >= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1990 snprintf(buf, l, "1 day and %lluh ago",
1991 (unsigned long long) ((d - USEC_PER_DAY) / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1992 else if (d >= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1993 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh ago",
1994 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1995 else if (d >= USEC_PER_HOUR)
1996 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh %llumin ago",
1997 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR),
1998 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_HOUR) / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1999 else if (d >= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
2000 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin ago",
2001 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
2002 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MINUTE)
2003 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin %llus ago",
2004 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE),
2005 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MINUTE) / USEC_PER_SEC));
2006 else if (d >= USEC_PER_SEC)
2007 snprintf(buf, l, "%llus ago",
2008 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_SEC));
2009 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MSEC)
2010 snprintf(buf, l, "%llums ago",
2011 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MSEC));
2013 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluus ago",
2014 (unsigned long long) d);
2016 snprintf(buf, l, "now");
2022 char *format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2023 static const struct {
2027 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2028 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2029 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2030 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2031 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2032 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2042 if (t == (usec_t) -1)
2046 snprintf(p, l, "0");
2051 /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */
2053 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
2057 if (t < table[i].usec)
2063 k = snprintf(p, l, "%s%llu%s", p > buf ? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].usec), table[i].suffix);
2064 n = MIN((size_t) k, l);
2077 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
2078 static const char table[] =
2087 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
2091 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2093 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2099 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
2103 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
2106 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
2109 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
2115 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
2116 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
2118 char line[LINE_MAX];
2123 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
2124 new_termios = old_termios;
2126 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
2127 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2128 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2130 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
2133 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
2134 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
2135 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2140 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
2142 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2148 *need_nl = c != '\n';
2155 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
2156 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
2159 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
2164 if (strlen(line) != 1)
2174 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
2184 bool need_nl = true;
2187 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
2194 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
2198 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
2201 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
2202 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
2213 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
2218 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
2222 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
2223 struct termios termios;
2226 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
2230 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
2231 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
2232 * interfere with that. */
2234 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
2235 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
2237 /* Switch to text mode */
2239 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
2241 /* Enable console unicode mode */
2242 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
2244 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
2249 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
2250 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
2251 * else will do that for us */
2253 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
2254 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
2255 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
2256 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
2257 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
2259 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
2260 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
2261 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
2262 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
2263 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
2264 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
2265 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
2266 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
2267 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
2268 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
2269 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
2270 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
2271 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
2273 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2274 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2276 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2280 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2281 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2286 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
2289 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2293 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2294 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2299 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2304 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2305 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2306 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2307 * retrying a couple of times.
2309 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2313 fd = open(name, mode);
2320 /* Max 1s in total */
2324 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2333 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2338 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2345 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2346 struct pollfd pollfd;
2350 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2357 if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) {
2368 if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) {
2373 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2384 int acquire_terminal(
2388 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2391 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2393 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2397 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2398 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2399 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2401 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2402 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2403 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2404 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2405 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2406 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2407 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2408 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2410 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
2411 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2413 if (!fail && !force) {
2414 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2420 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2429 r = flush_fd(notify);
2434 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2435 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2436 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2437 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2441 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2442 * if we already own the tty. */
2444 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2445 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2446 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2448 /* First, try to get the tty */
2449 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2452 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2454 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2455 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2456 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2457 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2460 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2469 assert(notify >= 0);
2472 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2474 struct inotify_event *e;
2476 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
2479 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2480 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2485 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2495 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2498 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2505 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2510 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2515 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2516 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2518 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2525 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2526 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2527 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2528 * an endless loop. */
2529 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2533 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2535 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2537 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2543 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2546 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2551 int release_terminal(void) {
2553 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2555 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2558 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2559 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2562 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2563 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2564 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2566 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2569 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2571 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2575 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2580 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2581 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2588 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2589 struct sigaction sa;
2594 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2595 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2597 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2601 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2602 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2609 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2610 struct sigaction sa;
2615 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
2616 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2618 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2622 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2623 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2630 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2636 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2641 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2645 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2648 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2657 while (nbytes > 0) {
2660 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2662 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2665 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2666 struct pollfd pollfd;
2670 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2672 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2676 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2679 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2680 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2685 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2696 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2705 while (nbytes > 0) {
2708 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2711 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2714 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2715 struct pollfd pollfd;
2719 pollfd.events = POLLOUT;
2721 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2725 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2728 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2729 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2734 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2745 int parse_usec(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
2746 static const struct {
2750 { "seconds", USEC_PER_SEC },
2751 { "second", USEC_PER_SEC },
2752 { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC },
2753 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2754 { "minutes", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2755 { "minute", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2756 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2757 { "months", USEC_PER_MONTH },
2758 { "month", USEC_PER_MONTH },
2759 { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2760 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2761 { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2762 { "hours", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2763 { "hour", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2764 { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2765 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2766 { "days", USEC_PER_DAY },
2767 { "day", USEC_PER_DAY },
2768 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2769 { "weeks", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2770 { "week", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2771 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2772 { "years", USEC_PER_YEAR },
2773 { "year", USEC_PER_YEAR },
2774 { "y", USEC_PER_YEAR },
2777 { "", USEC_PER_SEC }, /* default is sec */
2793 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2804 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2806 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2807 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2808 r += (usec_t) l * table[i].usec;
2809 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2813 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2823 int parse_nsec(const char *t, nsec_t *nsec) {
2824 static const struct {
2828 { "seconds", NSEC_PER_SEC },
2829 { "second", NSEC_PER_SEC },
2830 { "sec", NSEC_PER_SEC },
2831 { "s", NSEC_PER_SEC },
2832 { "minutes", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
2833 { "minute", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
2834 { "min", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
2835 { "months", NSEC_PER_MONTH },
2836 { "month", NSEC_PER_MONTH },
2837 { "msec", NSEC_PER_MSEC },
2838 { "ms", NSEC_PER_MSEC },
2839 { "m", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
2840 { "hours", NSEC_PER_HOUR },
2841 { "hour", NSEC_PER_HOUR },
2842 { "hr", NSEC_PER_HOUR },
2843 { "h", NSEC_PER_HOUR },
2844 { "days", NSEC_PER_DAY },
2845 { "day", NSEC_PER_DAY },
2846 { "d", NSEC_PER_DAY },
2847 { "weeks", NSEC_PER_WEEK },
2848 { "week", NSEC_PER_WEEK },
2849 { "w", NSEC_PER_WEEK },
2850 { "years", NSEC_PER_YEAR },
2851 { "year", NSEC_PER_YEAR },
2852 { "y", NSEC_PER_YEAR },
2853 { "usec", NSEC_PER_USEC },
2854 { "us", NSEC_PER_USEC },
2857 { "", 1ULL }, /* default is nsec */
2873 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2884 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2886 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2887 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2888 r += (nsec_t) l * table[i].nsec;
2889 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2893 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2903 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2904 static const struct {
2910 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2911 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2912 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2913 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2914 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2931 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2942 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2944 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2945 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2946 r += (off_t) l * table[i].factor;
2947 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2951 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2961 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2966 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2967 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2968 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2971 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2973 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2976 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2981 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2984 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2988 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2991 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2993 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2994 * sysfs or in /dev */
2997 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2998 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
3001 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
3002 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
3011 union dirent_storage buf;
3013 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
3020 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
3025 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
3026 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3030 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
3034 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
3035 if (r != sizeof(ull))
3041 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
3044 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
3047 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
3048 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
3049 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
3050 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
3051 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
3052 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
3055 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
3057 if (program_invocation_name)
3058 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
3060 if (saved_argc > 0) {
3064 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
3066 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
3070 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
3075 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
3082 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
3083 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
3087 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
3090 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3092 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
3093 return strdup(u.nodename);
3095 return strdup(u.sysname);
3098 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
3101 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3103 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
3106 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
3109 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
3110 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
3112 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
3114 return strdup("root");
3116 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
3120 buf = malloc(bufsize);
3124 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
3125 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
3127 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
3133 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
3137 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
3142 return lookup_uid(uid);
3145 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
3152 return lookup_uid(getuid());
3155 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
3156 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
3161 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
3167 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
3175 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
3179 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
3183 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
3185 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
3192 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
3194 char line[LINE_MAX], *p, *fn;
3195 unsigned long ttynr;
3198 if (asprintf(&fn, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) (pid <= 0 ? getpid() : pid)) < 0)
3201 f = fopen(fn, "re");
3206 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
3207 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
3214 p = strrchr(line, ')');
3224 "%*d " /* session */
3233 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
3235 char fn[PATH_MAX], *s, *b, *p;
3240 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
3244 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
3247 if ((k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s)) < 0) {
3252 /* This is an ugly hack */
3253 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
3254 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
3264 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
3265 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
3266 * vaguely useful. */
3268 if (!(b = strdup(fn + 5)))
3278 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
3280 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
3298 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3304 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
3305 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
3309 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3311 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
3316 union dirent_storage buf;
3317 bool is_dir, keep_around;
3321 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
3322 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
3330 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
3333 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
3335 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
3336 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3337 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3342 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3345 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3346 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3348 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3349 keep_around = false;
3355 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
3356 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
3359 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
3360 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3361 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
3362 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3367 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3368 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3372 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3373 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3377 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3379 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3380 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3391 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3396 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3397 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3401 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3402 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3405 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3406 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3407 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3408 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3412 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3415 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3421 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3422 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3423 * seriously broken system. */
3424 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3425 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3429 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3432 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
3436 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3439 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3440 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3441 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3446 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3447 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3454 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3455 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3459 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3460 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3461 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3462 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3467 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3470 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3473 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3482 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3483 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3486 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3487 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3490 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3493 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3494 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3495 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3497 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
3498 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3501 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3502 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3508 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3511 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3512 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3513 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3515 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3518 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3524 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3528 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3531 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3534 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3535 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3545 if (errno != EINVAL)
3552 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3553 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3554 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3555 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3556 struct iovec iovec[5];
3561 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3562 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3564 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3567 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3580 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3586 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3596 if (!isempty(status)) {
3597 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3598 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3599 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3601 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3604 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3605 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3607 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3613 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, ...) {
3619 va_start(ap, format);
3620 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, format, ap);
3626 int status_welcome(void) {
3628 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3630 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3631 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3632 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3634 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
3635 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3637 return status_printf(NULL, false,
3638 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3639 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
3640 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
3643 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3650 const char *e, *word = format;
3655 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3666 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3675 } else if (*e == '$') {
3676 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3692 if (!(t = strv_env_get_with_length(env, word+2, e-word-2)))
3695 if (!(k = strappend(r, t)))
3708 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3719 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3721 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3723 l = strv_length(argv);
3725 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3728 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3730 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3731 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3736 if ((e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1))) {
3738 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3749 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3758 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3766 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3767 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3777 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3781 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3790 unsigned columns(void) {
3794 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3795 return cached_columns;
3798 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3803 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3812 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3816 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3825 unsigned lines(void) {
3829 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3830 return cached_lines;
3833 e = getenv("LINES");
3838 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3844 return cached_lines;
3847 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3848 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3854 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3856 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3857 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3859 return cached_on_tty;
3862 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3868 /* Only works as root */
3870 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3873 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3877 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3878 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3881 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3886 assert(percent <= 100);
3887 assert(new_length >= 3);
3889 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3890 return strndup(s, old_length);
3892 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3896 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3898 if (x > new_length - 3)
3906 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3907 new_length - x - 3);
3912 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3913 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3916 int touch(const char *path) {
3921 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3922 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3925 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3929 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3933 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3937 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3938 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3939 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3946 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3947 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3952 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3953 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3956 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3968 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3972 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3980 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3984 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3990 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
4001 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
4013 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
4020 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
4022 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
4026 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
4027 if (status.si_status != 0) {
4028 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
4029 return status.si_status;
4032 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
4035 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
4036 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
4038 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
4042 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
4046 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
4048 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
4049 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
4057 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
4060 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
4063 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
4069 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
4074 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
4077 return null_or_empty(&st);
4080 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
4084 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags);
4090 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
4097 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
4101 signo = signal_from_string(s);
4103 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
4104 return signal_from_string(s+3);
4109 void dual_timestamp_serialize(FILE *f, const char *name, dual_timestamp *t) {
4115 if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(t))
4118 fprintf(f, "%s=%llu %llu\n",
4120 (unsigned long long) t->realtime,
4121 (unsigned long long) t->monotonic);
4124 void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value, dual_timestamp *t) {
4125 unsigned long long a, b;
4130 if (sscanf(value, "%lli %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
4131 log_debug("Failed to parse finish timestamp value %s", value);
4138 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
4142 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
4143 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
4145 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
4149 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
4155 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t);
4164 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
4167 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
4168 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
4170 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
4171 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
4173 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
4174 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
4176 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
4177 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
4182 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
4185 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4188 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
4191 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
4194 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4197 return streq(tty, "console");
4200 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
4205 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4208 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
4211 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
4214 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
4218 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
4224 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
4225 char *active = NULL;
4230 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4233 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is
4234 * actually ours (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign
4235 * for container setups) */
4236 if (streq(tty, "console") && path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") <= 0)
4237 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active) >= 0) {
4238 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the
4239 * last one is what /dev/console points to */
4240 tty = strrchr(active, ' ');
4253 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4256 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
4259 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
4262 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
4265 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4266 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4267 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4273 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4276 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4277 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4278 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4281 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
4284 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4287 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
4290 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4294 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4295 * until all they all finished. */
4298 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
4300 if (errno == ENOENT)
4303 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4310 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
4311 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
4315 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
4320 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4323 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
4328 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
4329 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4347 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4348 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4351 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
4353 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
4354 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
4359 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4360 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4365 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
4370 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
4374 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
4375 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
4376 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
4377 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
4379 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
4381 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
4392 hashmap_free_free(pids);
4395 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4398 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4406 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4412 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4413 if (streq(i, needle))
4419 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4420 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4423 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4432 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4434 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4435 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4436 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4442 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4448 for (p = s; *p; p++)
4449 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4452 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4458 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s) {
4461 for (p = s, d = s; *p; p++)
4462 if ((*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
4463 (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') ||
4464 (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
4472 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4476 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4477 struct pollfd pollfd;
4482 pollfd.events = POLLIN|POLLHUP;
4484 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4491 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4494 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4495 struct pollfd pollfd;
4500 pollfd.events = event;
4502 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
4509 return pollfd.revents;
4512 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4523 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4527 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
4531 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
4533 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4539 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4552 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4555 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4561 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4564 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4568 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4569 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4574 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4578 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4579 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4580 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4582 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4585 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4586 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4587 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4589 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4594 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4595 "\033[H" /* move home */
4596 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4598 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4603 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4606 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4613 /* Try to deallocate */
4614 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4618 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4619 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4627 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4629 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4634 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4635 "\033[H" /* move home */
4636 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4638 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4643 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
4649 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4653 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4655 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4663 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4667 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4678 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4680 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4682 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4690 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4691 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4701 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4703 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4706 unsigned long long ull;
4713 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4717 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4721 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4724 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4725 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4731 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4734 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4743 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4747 display[0] == ':' &&
4748 display[1] >= '0' &&
4752 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4759 if (!display_is_local(display))
4762 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4764 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4768 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4769 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4778 const char **username,
4779 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4781 const char **shell) {
4789 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4790 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4792 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4810 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4814 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4815 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4816 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4817 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4818 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4820 *username = p->pw_name;
4823 p = getpwnam(*username);
4827 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4839 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4844 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4850 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4851 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4853 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4854 *groupname = "root";
4862 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4867 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4870 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4874 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4882 int in_group(const char *name) {
4884 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4886 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4890 if (getgid() == gid)
4893 if (getegid() == gid)
4896 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4897 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4899 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4901 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4905 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4912 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4920 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4922 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4924 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4927 r = !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4929 r = errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4936 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4942 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4945 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4949 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4950 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4951 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4952 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4953 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4954 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4955 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4961 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4965 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4971 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
4972 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
4983 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4991 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4992 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
5001 union dirent_storage buf;
5004 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
5013 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
5015 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
5019 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
5023 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
5032 assert((unsigned) r < n);
5034 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
5058 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
5072 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5077 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5101 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5115 bool is_main_thread(void) {
5116 static __thread int cached = 0;
5118 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
5119 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
5124 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
5131 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
5132 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5135 r = access(p, F_OK);
5143 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
5144 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5147 r = access(p, F_OK);
5153 /* Get parent dev_t */
5154 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5157 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
5163 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
5169 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
5170 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
5173 r = access(p, F_OK);
5177 *ret = makedev(m, n);
5184 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
5189 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
5193 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
5194 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
5197 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
5198 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
5199 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
5200 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
5201 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
5204 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class, int);
5206 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
5207 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
5208 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
5209 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
5210 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
5211 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
5212 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
5215 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
5217 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
5218 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
5219 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
5220 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
5221 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
5222 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
5223 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
5224 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
5225 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
5226 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
5227 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
5228 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
5229 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5230 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5231 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5232 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5233 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5234 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5235 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5236 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5237 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5240 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility_unshifted, int);
5242 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5243 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5244 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5245 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5247 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5248 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5249 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5250 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5253 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level, int);
5255 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5256 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5257 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5258 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5259 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5263 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy, int);
5265 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
5266 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5267 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5268 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5269 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5270 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5271 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5272 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5273 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5274 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5275 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5276 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5277 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5278 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5279 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5280 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5281 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5284 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5286 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5287 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5288 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5289 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5290 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5293 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ip_tos, int);
5295 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5312 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5323 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5325 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5331 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5333 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5334 static __thread char buf[12];
5337 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5341 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5342 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5344 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "%d", signo);
5349 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5354 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
5358 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5362 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5363 signo = (int) u + offset;
5364 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5370 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5371 bool loaded = false;
5374 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5382 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
5400 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5402 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5411 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5418 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5421 static const struct {
5425 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5426 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5427 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5428 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5429 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5433 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5435 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5438 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5439 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5446 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5454 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5467 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5469 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5471 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5473 l == sizeof(value) &&
5474 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5478 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5485 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5487 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5489 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5491 l == sizeof(value) &&
5492 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5496 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5503 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5504 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5506 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5514 parent_pid = getpid();
5516 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5523 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5530 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5531 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5532 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5534 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5535 * to set the death signal */
5536 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5537 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5539 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5540 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5542 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5543 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5545 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5546 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5547 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5548 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5549 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5550 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5551 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5552 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5553 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5555 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5556 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5560 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5563 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5569 /* Count arguments */
5571 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5576 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5578 /* Fill in arguments */
5580 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5581 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5585 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5588 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5589 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5593 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5599 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5600 * to get as close as we can */
5601 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5603 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5604 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5606 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5612 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5613 char path[sizeof("/proc/")-1+10+sizeof("/environ")], *value = NULL;
5625 snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%lu/environ", (unsigned long) pid);
5628 f = fopen(path, "re");
5636 char line[LINE_MAX];
5639 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5643 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5653 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5654 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5674 int can_sleep(const char *type) {
5678 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5682 r = read_one_line_file("/sys/power/state", &p);
5684 return r == -ENOENT ? 0 : r;
5687 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(w, l, p, WHITESPACE, state)
5688 if (l == k && memcmp(w, type, l) == 0)
5694 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5697 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5700 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5703 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5706 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5709 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5715 bool in_initrd(void) {
5716 static __thread int saved = -1;
5722 /* We make two checks here:
5724 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5725 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5727 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5728 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5729 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5732 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5733 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5734 (s.f_type == TMPFS_MAGIC || s.f_type == RAMFS_MAGIC);
5739 void warn_melody(void) {
5740 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5742 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5746 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5748 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5749 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5751 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5752 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5754 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5755 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5757 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5760 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5763 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5765 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5767 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5773 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5780 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5788 /* Take the user specified one */
5799 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5802 h = strdup("/root");
5810 /* Check the database... */
5814 return errno ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5816 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5819 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5827 int get_shell(char **_sh) {
5835 /* Take the user specified one */
5836 e = getenv("SHELL");
5846 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5849 sh = strdup("/bin/sh");
5857 /* Check the database... */
5861 return errno ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5863 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5866 sh = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5874 void freep(void *p) {
5878 void fclosep(FILE **f) {
5883 void closep(int *fd) {
5885 close_nointr_nofail(*fd);
5888 void closedirp(DIR **d) {
5893 void umaskp(mode_t *u) {
5897 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5911 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5917 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5922 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5923 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5926 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5933 int parse_timestamp(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
5937 usec_t plus = 0, minus = 0, ret;
5943 * 2012-09-22 16:34:22
5944 * 2012-09-22 16:34 (seconds will be set to 0)
5945 * 2012-09-22 (time will be set to 00:00:00)
5946 * 16:34:22 (date will be set to today)
5947 * 16:34 (date will be set to today, seconds to 0)
5949 * yesterday (time is set to 00:00:00)
5950 * today (time is set to 00:00:00)
5951 * tomorrow (time is set to 00:00:00)
5961 assert_se(localtime_r(&x, &tm));
5963 if (streq(t, "now"))
5966 else if (streq(t, "today")) {
5967 tm.tm_sec = tm.tm_min = tm.tm_hour = 0;
5970 } else if (streq(t, "yesterday")) {
5972 tm.tm_sec = tm.tm_min = tm.tm_hour = 0;
5975 } else if (streq(t, "tomorrow")) {
5977 tm.tm_sec = tm.tm_min = tm.tm_hour = 0;
5980 } else if (t[0] == '+') {
5982 r = parse_usec(t+1, &plus);
5987 } else if (t[0] == '-') {
5989 r = parse_usec(t+1, &minus);
5997 k = strptime(t, "%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", &tm);
6002 k = strptime(t, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", &tm);
6007 k = strptime(t, "%y-%m-%d %H:%M", &tm);
6014 k = strptime(t, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M", &tm);
6021 k = strptime(t, "%y-%m-%d", &tm);
6023 tm.tm_sec = tm.tm_min = tm.tm_hour = 0;
6028 k = strptime(t, "%Y-%m-%d", &tm);
6030 tm.tm_sec = tm.tm_min = tm.tm_hour = 0;
6035 k = strptime(t, "%H:%M:%S", &tm);
6040 k = strptime(t, "%H:%M", &tm);
6050 if (x == (time_t) -1)
6053 ret = (usec_t) x * USEC_PER_SEC;
6066 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
6067 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
6068 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
6077 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
6078 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
6081 else if (comparison > 0)