1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
44 #include <sys/prctl.h>
45 #include <sys/utsname.h>
47 #include <netinet/ip.h>
55 #include <sys/mount.h>
56 #include <linux/magic.h>
60 #include <sys/personality.h>
61 #include <sys/xattr.h>
62 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
66 /* When we include libgen.h because we need dirname() we immediately
67 * undefine basename() since libgen.h defines it as a macro to the XDG
68 * version which is really broken. */
72 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
84 #include "path-util.h"
85 #include "exit-status.h"
89 #include "device-nodes.h"
94 #include "sparse-endian.h"
96 /* Put this test here for a lack of better place */
97 assert_cc(EAGAIN == EWOULDBLOCK);
100 char **saved_argv = NULL;
102 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
103 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
105 size_t page_size(void) {
106 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
109 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
112 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
119 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
121 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
132 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
139 pl = strlen(postfix);
142 return (char*) s + sl;
147 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
150 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
153 char* endswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
160 pl = strlen(postfix);
163 return (char*) s + sl;
168 if (strcasecmp(s + sl - pl, postfix) != 0)
171 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
174 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
181 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
182 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
183 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
194 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
201 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
204 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
208 static size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
209 char * buf_old = buf;
255 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
256 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
257 * g_strescape() does the same */
258 if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
260 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
261 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
262 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
268 return buf - buf_old;
271 int close_nointr(int fd) {
278 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
281 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
282 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
283 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
284 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
292 int safe_close(int fd) {
295 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
296 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
297 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
299 * fd = safe_close(fd);
305 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
306 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
307 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
308 * the fd was invalid at all... */
310 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
316 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
319 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
321 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
325 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
336 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
339 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
341 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
347 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
348 unsigned long ul = 0;
355 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
361 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
371 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
372 unsigned long ul = 0;
379 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
385 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
388 /* Some libc APIs use UID_INVALID as special placeholder */
389 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
392 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
393 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
400 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
408 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
410 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
411 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
413 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
416 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
420 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
428 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
430 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
431 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
433 if ((long) (int) l != l)
440 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
448 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
450 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
451 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
453 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
460 int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
468 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
470 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
471 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
473 if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
480 int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
488 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
490 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
491 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
493 if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
500 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
502 unsigned long long l;
508 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
510 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
511 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
517 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
525 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
527 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
528 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
534 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
542 loc = newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C", (locale_t) 0);
543 if (loc == (locale_t) 0)
547 d = strtod_l(s, &x, loc);
549 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno) {
551 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
559 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
560 bool escaped = false;
563 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
566 else if (s[n] == '\\')
568 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
572 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
576 /* Split a string into words. */
577 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
583 assert(**state == '\0');
587 current += strspn(current, separator);
593 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
594 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
596 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
597 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
598 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
599 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end */
603 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
604 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
606 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
607 if (current[*l] && !strchr(separator, current[*l])) {
608 /* unfinished escape */
612 *state = current + *l;
614 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
615 *state = current + *l;
621 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
623 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
635 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
636 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
640 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
641 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
642 * skip over it manually */
644 p = strrchr(line, ')');
656 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
659 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
664 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
669 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
675 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
678 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
682 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
686 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
690 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
691 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
695 p = strrchr(line, ')');
701 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
704 return (unsigned char) state;
707 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
714 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
716 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
723 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
724 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
732 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
738 if (max_length == 0) {
739 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
741 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
743 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
748 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
758 r = new(char, max_length);
764 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
786 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
793 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
795 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
803 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
807 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
816 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
828 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
833 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
837 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
840 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
845 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
851 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
853 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
856 static int get_process_link_contents(const char *proc_file, char **name) {
862 r = readlink_malloc(proc_file, name);
864 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
869 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
876 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
877 r = get_process_link_contents(p, name);
881 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
888 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
889 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
899 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
904 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
909 if (startswith(l, field)) {
911 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
913 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
915 return parse_uid(l, uid);
922 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
923 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
926 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
927 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
928 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
931 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd) {
936 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cwd");
938 return get_process_link_contents(p, cwd);
941 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root) {
946 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
948 return get_process_link_contents(p, root);
951 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **env) {
952 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
953 _cleanup_free_ char *outcome = NULL;
956 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
961 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
967 while ((c = fgetc(f)) != EOF) {
968 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(outcome, allocated, sz + 5))
972 outcome[sz++] = '\n';
974 sz += cescape_char(c, outcome + sz);
984 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
992 return strndup(suffix, b);
1001 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
1004 r = new(char, a+b+1);
1009 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
1015 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
1016 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
1019 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
1034 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
1041 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1052 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
1053 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
1056 int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
1057 _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
1061 r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
1065 value = basename(link);
1069 value = strdup(value);
1078 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1079 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
1086 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
1090 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1098 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1105 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1109 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1116 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1121 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1124 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1125 struct sigaction sa = {
1126 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
1127 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1130 /* These two cannot be caught... */
1131 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1134 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1135 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1136 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1137 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
1144 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
1147 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
1150 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
1156 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1159 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1160 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1162 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1164 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1165 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1173 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1176 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1178 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1179 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1190 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1197 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1198 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1201 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1202 return strdup(filename);
1204 e = strrchr(path, '/');
1206 return strdup(filename);
1208 k = strlen(filename);
1209 ret = new(char, (e + 1 - path) + k + 1);
1213 memcpy(mempcpy(ret, path, e + 1 - path), filename, k + 1);
1217 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1226 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1227 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1233 /* Skip last component */
1234 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1237 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1238 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1244 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1247 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1256 if (errno != ENOENT)
1263 char hexchar(int x) {
1264 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1266 return table[x & 15];
1269 int unhexchar(char c) {
1271 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1274 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1275 return c - 'a' + 10;
1277 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1278 return c - 'A' + 10;
1283 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1287 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1291 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1292 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1293 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1300 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1306 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1310 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1313 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1315 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1319 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1326 char octchar(int x) {
1327 return '0' + (x & 7);
1330 int unoctchar(char c) {
1332 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1338 char decchar(int x) {
1339 return '0' + (x % 10);
1342 int undecchar(char c) {
1344 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1350 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1356 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1358 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1362 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1363 t += cescape_char(*f, t);
1370 static int cunescape_one(const char *p, size_t length, char *ret) {
1377 if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 1)
1414 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1419 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1422 if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 3)
1425 a = unhexchar(p[1]);
1429 b = unhexchar(p[2]);
1433 /* don't allow NUL bytes */
1434 if (a == 0 && b == 0)
1437 *ret = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1450 /* octal encoding */
1453 if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 4)
1456 a = unoctchar(p[0]);
1460 b = unoctchar(p[1]);
1464 c = unoctchar(p[2]);
1468 /* don't allow NUL bytes */
1469 if (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)
1472 /* Don't allow bytes above 255 */
1473 m = (a << 6) | (b << 3) | c;
1489 int cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret) {
1497 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1499 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1501 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1506 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1508 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1512 remaining = s + length - f;
1513 assert(remaining > 0);
1516 /* A literal literal, copy verbatim */
1521 if (remaining == 1) {
1522 if (flags & UNESCAPE_RELAX) {
1523 /* A trailing backslash, copy verbatim */
1531 k = cunescape_one(f + 1, remaining - 1, t);
1533 if (flags & UNESCAPE_RELAX) {
1534 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1552 int cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret) {
1553 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL, flags, ret);
1556 int cunescape(const char *s, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret) {
1557 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s), flags, ret);
1560 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1564 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1565 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1568 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1572 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1574 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1575 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1578 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1579 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1589 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1594 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1595 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1596 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1601 _pure_ static bool hidden_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1605 filename[0] == '.' ||
1606 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1607 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1608 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1609 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1610 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1611 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1612 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1613 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1614 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1615 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-dist") ||
1616 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-bak") ||
1617 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-backup") ||
1618 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-remove") ||
1619 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1622 bool hidden_file(const char *filename) {
1625 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1628 return hidden_file_allow_backup(filename);
1631 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1636 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1641 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1643 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1645 if (nflags == flags)
1648 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1654 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1659 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1664 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1666 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1668 if (nflags == flags)
1671 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1677 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1680 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1682 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1689 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1690 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1694 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1696 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1701 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1702 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1705 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1706 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1708 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1711 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1712 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1719 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1722 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
1725 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1726 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1735 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1738 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1739 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1740 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1748 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1751 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1752 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1759 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1760 static const char table[] =
1775 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1779 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1783 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1785 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1791 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1795 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1798 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1801 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1807 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1808 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1809 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1814 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1815 new_termios = old_termios;
1817 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1818 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1819 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1821 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1824 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1825 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1826 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1831 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1833 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1839 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1846 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1847 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1852 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1853 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1857 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1867 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1877 bool need_nl = true;
1880 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1887 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1891 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1894 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1895 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1906 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1911 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1915 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1920 char line[LINE_MAX];
1924 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1931 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1936 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1937 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1939 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1958 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1959 struct termios termios;
1962 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1966 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1967 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1968 * interfere with that. */
1970 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1971 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1973 /* Switch to text mode */
1975 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1977 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1978 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1980 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1985 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1986 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1987 * else will do that for us */
1989 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1990 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1991 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1992 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1993 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1995 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1996 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1997 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1998 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1999 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
2000 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
2001 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
2002 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
2003 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
2004 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
2005 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
2006 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
2007 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
2009 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2010 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2012 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2016 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2017 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2022 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
2023 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2025 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2029 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2032 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2037 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2038 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2039 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2040 * retrying a couple of times.
2042 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2045 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
2048 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
2055 /* Max 1s in total */
2059 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2077 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2078 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2088 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
2098 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
2104 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2113 int acquire_terminal(
2117 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2120 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2125 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2126 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2127 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2129 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2130 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2131 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2132 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2133 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2134 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2135 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2136 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2138 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
2139 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2141 if (!fail && !force) {
2142 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2148 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2156 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2157 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2158 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2162 r = flush_fd(notify);
2167 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2168 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2169 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2170 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2174 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2175 * if we already own the tty. */
2176 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2178 /* First, try to get the tty */
2179 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2182 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2184 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2185 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2186 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2187 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2190 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2199 assert(notify >= 0);
2202 union inotify_event_buffer buffer;
2203 struct inotify_event *e;
2206 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2209 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2210 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2215 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2225 l = read(notify, &buffer, sizeof(buffer));
2227 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2234 FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, l) {
2235 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2244 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2245 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2246 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2247 * an endless loop. */
2248 fd = safe_close(fd);
2253 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2255 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to reset terminal: %m");
2266 int release_terminal(void) {
2267 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2268 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2269 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2272 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2273 struct sigaction sa_old;
2276 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2280 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2281 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2282 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2284 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2287 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2292 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2297 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2298 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2305 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2306 struct sigaction sa = {
2307 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2308 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2313 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2317 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2318 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2325 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2326 struct sigaction sa = {
2327 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2328 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2333 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2337 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2338 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2345 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2349 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2351 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2355 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2356 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2359 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2366 while (nbytes > 0) {
2369 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2374 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2376 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2377 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2380 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2384 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2398 int loop_read_exact(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2401 n = loop_read(fd, buf, nbytes, do_poll);
2404 if ((size_t) n != nbytes)
2409 int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2410 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2417 while (nbytes > 0) {
2420 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2425 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2426 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2427 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2430 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2437 if (k == 0) /* Can't really happen */
2447 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2449 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2450 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2451 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2452 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2453 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2454 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2455 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2457 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2458 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2459 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2460 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2465 unsigned long long factor;
2468 static const struct table iec[] = {
2469 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2470 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2471 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2472 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2473 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2479 static const struct table si[] = {
2480 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2481 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2482 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2483 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2484 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2490 const struct table *table;
2492 unsigned long long r = 0;
2493 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2496 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2501 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2504 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2510 unsigned long long l2;
2516 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2529 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2532 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2533 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2535 if (errno == ERANGE)
2538 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2545 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2547 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2548 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2549 unsigned long long tmp;
2550 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2552 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2553 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2557 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2560 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2576 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2581 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2582 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2583 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2588 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2591 /* Explicitly unset O_CLOEXEC, since if fd was < 3, then
2592 * dup2() was a NOP and the bit hence possibly set. */
2593 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2594 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2595 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2600 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2603 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2607 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2610 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2612 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2613 * sysfs or in /dev */
2616 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2617 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2620 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2621 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2632 if (!de && errno != 0)
2638 if (!hidden_file(de->d_name))
2643 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2644 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2661 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2662 static int have_syscall = -1;
2664 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2667 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2668 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2669 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2670 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2671 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2672 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2674 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2675 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2676 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2677 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2679 have_syscall = true;
2684 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2685 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2686 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2687 have_syscall = false;
2688 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2689 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2690 * remember to use the syscall the
2691 * next time, again, but also read
2692 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2693 * doesn't care about the current
2694 * amount of entropy. */
2695 have_syscall = true;
2699 /* too short read? */
2703 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2705 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2707 return loop_read_exact(fd, p, n, true);
2710 void initialize_srand(void) {
2711 static bool srand_called = false;
2713 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2722 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2723 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in auxv, so
2724 * let's try to make use of that to seed the pseudo-random
2725 * generator. It's better than nothing... */
2727 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2729 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2732 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2733 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2736 srand_called = true;
2739 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2743 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2747 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2748 * get a PRNG instead. */
2752 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2756 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2759 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2760 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2761 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2762 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2763 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2764 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2767 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2769 if (program_invocation_name)
2770 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2772 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2776 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2778 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2782 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2787 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2794 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2795 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2799 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2804 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2807 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2808 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2811 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2817 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2820 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2822 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2823 return strdup(u.nodename);
2825 return strdup(u.sysname);
2828 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2831 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2833 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2836 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2839 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2840 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2842 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2844 return strdup("root");
2846 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2850 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2854 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2855 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2857 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2863 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2867 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2872 return lookup_uid(uid);
2875 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2882 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2885 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
2895 r = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2900 p = startswith(path, "/dev/");
2901 c = strdup(p ?: path);
2918 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2922 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2926 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2928 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2935 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2937 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2939 unsigned long ttynr;
2943 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2944 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2948 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2958 "%*d " /* session */
2963 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2972 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2973 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2974 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2981 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2985 sprintf(fn, "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2987 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2993 /* This is an ugly hack */
2994 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2995 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr)) < 0)
2998 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2999 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
3000 * vaguely useful. */
3007 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
3009 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
3026 bool is_temporary_fs(const struct statfs *s) {
3029 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
3030 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
3033 int fd_is_temporary_fs(int fd) {
3036 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
3039 return is_temporary_fs(&s);
3042 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3045 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3046 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3047 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3049 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3050 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3053 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3054 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3060 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3063 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3064 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3065 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3067 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3068 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3071 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3072 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3078 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3082 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3085 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3088 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3089 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3099 if (errno != EINVAL)
3106 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3107 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3108 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3109 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3110 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3112 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3116 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3117 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3119 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3122 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3135 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3141 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3149 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3150 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3153 if (!isempty(status)) {
3154 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3155 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3156 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3158 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3161 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3163 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3165 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3171 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3177 va_start(ap, format);
3178 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3184 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3191 const char *e, *word = format;
3196 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3207 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
3217 } else if (*e == '$') {
3218 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3235 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3237 k = strappend(r, t);
3251 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3263 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3265 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3267 l = strv_length(argv);
3269 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3273 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3275 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3276 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3278 char **w, **m = NULL;
3281 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3285 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, UNQUOTE_RELAX);
3297 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3307 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3315 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3316 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3328 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3329 struct winsize ws = {};
3331 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3340 unsigned columns(void) {
3344 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3345 return cached_columns;
3348 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3350 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3353 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3359 return cached_columns;
3362 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3363 struct winsize ws = {};
3365 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3374 unsigned lines(void) {
3378 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3379 return cached_lines;
3382 e = getenv("LINES");
3384 (void) safe_atoi(e, &l);
3387 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3393 return cached_lines;
3396 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3397 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3403 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3405 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3406 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3408 return cached_on_tty;
3411 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3414 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3417 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3420 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3421 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3424 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3427 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3434 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3439 assert(percent <= 100);
3440 assert(new_length >= 3);
3442 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3443 return strndup(s, old_length);
3445 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3449 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3451 if (x > new_length - 3)
3459 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3460 new_length - x - 3);
3465 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3469 unsigned k, len, len2;
3472 assert(percent <= 100);
3473 assert(new_length >= 3);
3475 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3476 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3477 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3479 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3480 return strndup(s, old_length);
3482 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3484 if (x > new_length - 3)
3488 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3491 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3494 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3497 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3500 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3503 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3504 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3507 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3511 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3513 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3515 /* make space for ellipsis */
3516 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3519 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3520 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3525 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3526 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3530 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3534 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3539 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3540 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3543 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3544 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3550 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3552 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3557 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3562 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
3563 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3568 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3569 struct timespec ts[2];
3571 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3573 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3575 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3582 int touch(const char *path) {
3583 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
3586 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3590 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3591 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3592 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3599 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3600 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3605 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3606 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
3610 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3620 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3625 name = strndupa(s, eq - s);
3626 p = strdupa(eq + 1);
3628 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3632 return strjoin(strstrip(name), "=", value, NULL);
3635 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3646 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3660 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3661 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3662 * failed for an unknown reason.
3663 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3666 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3667 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3669 * A warning is emitted if the process terminates abnormally,
3670 * and also if it returns non-zero unless check_exit_code is true.
3672 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid, bool check_exit_code) {
3679 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3681 return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to wait for %s: %m", name);
3683 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3684 if (status.si_status != 0)
3685 log_full(check_exit_code ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
3686 "%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3688 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3690 return status.si_status;
3691 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3692 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3694 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3698 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3702 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3704 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3705 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3713 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3716 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3719 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3725 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3730 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3733 return null_or_empty(&st);
3736 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3741 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3744 return null_or_empty(&st);
3747 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3751 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3753 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3766 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3770 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3772 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3773 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3778 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3779 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3782 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3786 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3787 t = new(char, enc_len);
3791 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3794 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3797 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3800 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3801 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3803 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3804 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3806 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3807 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3809 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3810 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3815 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3818 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3821 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3824 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3827 return streq(tty, "console");
3830 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3835 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3838 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3841 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3844 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3848 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3854 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3857 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3858 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3860 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3863 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3866 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3867 * /dev/console points to */
3868 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3874 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3877 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3878 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3880 tty = *active = tmp;
3887 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3888 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3892 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3895 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3896 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3901 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3904 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3907 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt220";
3910 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3913 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
3916 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3917 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3918 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3924 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3927 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3928 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3929 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3932 if (hidden_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3935 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3938 static int do_execute(char **directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3939 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3940 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *seen = NULL;
3943 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that we can
3944 * somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set a time limit */
3946 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3947 reset_signal_mask();
3949 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3951 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
3955 seen = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
3959 STRV_FOREACH(directory, directories) {
3960 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
3963 d = opendir(*directory);
3965 if (errno == ENOENT)
3968 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open directory %s: %m", *directory);
3971 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3972 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3976 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3979 if (set_contains(seen, de->d_name)) {
3980 log_debug("%1$s/%2$s skipped (%2$s was already seen).", *directory, de->d_name);
3984 r = set_put_strdup(seen, de->d_name);
3988 path = strjoin(*directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
3992 if (null_or_empty_path(path)) {
3993 log_debug("%s is empty (a mask).", path);
3999 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4001 } else if (pid == 0) {
4004 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4014 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4017 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
4019 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
4026 /* Abort execution of this process after the timout. We simply
4027 * rely on SIGALRM as default action terminating the process,
4028 * and turn on alarm(). */
4030 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
4031 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
4033 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4034 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4037 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4040 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
4043 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid, true);
4049 void execute_directories(const char* const* directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4053 char **dirs = (char**) directories;
4055 assert(!strv_isempty(dirs));
4057 name = basename(dirs[0]);
4058 assert(!isempty(name));
4060 /* Executes all binaries in the directories in parallel and waits
4061 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. If a file
4062 * with the same name exists in more than one directory, the
4063 * earliest one wins. */
4065 executor_pid = fork();
4066 if (executor_pid < 0) {
4067 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4070 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
4071 r = do_execute(dirs, timeout, argv);
4072 _exit(r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
4075 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(name, executor_pid, true);
4078 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4081 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4089 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4095 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4096 if (streq(i, needle))
4102 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4103 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4106 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4115 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4117 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4118 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4119 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4125 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4132 /* Doesn't accept empty hostnames, hostnames with trailing or
4133 * leading dots, and hostnames with multiple dots in a
4134 * sequence. Also ensures that the length stays below
4137 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4144 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4154 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4160 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4164 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4171 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4172 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4183 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4188 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4190 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4193 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4194 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4203 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4204 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4206 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4211 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4218 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4221 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4223 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4231 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4238 return pollfd.revents;
4241 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4250 r = tempfn_xxxxxx(path, &t);
4254 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4260 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4273 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4276 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4282 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4283 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4285 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4289 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4292 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4296 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4297 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4298 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4300 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4303 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4304 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4305 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4307 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4312 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4313 "\033[H" /* move home */
4314 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4321 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4324 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4331 /* Try to deallocate */
4332 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4336 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4345 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4347 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4352 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4353 "\033[H" /* move home */
4354 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4361 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4362 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4368 r = tempfn_random(to, &t);
4372 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4375 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4383 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4384 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4389 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4393 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4396 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4404 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4405 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4410 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4414 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4417 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4425 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4429 display[0] == ':' &&
4430 display[1] >= '0' &&
4434 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4441 if (!display_is_local(display))
4444 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4446 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4450 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4451 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4460 const char **username,
4461 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4463 const char **shell) {
4471 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4472 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4474 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4492 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4496 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4497 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4498 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4499 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4500 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4502 *username = p->pw_name;
4505 p = getpwnam(*username);
4509 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4521 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4526 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4531 return strdup("root");
4535 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4537 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4543 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4548 return strdup("root");
4552 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4554 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4560 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4566 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4567 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4569 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4570 *groupname = "root";
4578 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4583 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4586 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4590 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4598 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4600 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4602 if (getgid() == gid)
4605 if (getegid() == gid)
4608 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4609 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4611 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4613 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4617 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4624 int in_group(const char *name) {
4628 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4635 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4636 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4642 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4644 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4646 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4649 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4651 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4654 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4655 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4660 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4662 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4664 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4666 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4667 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4669 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4670 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4678 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4684 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4687 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4691 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4692 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4693 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4694 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4695 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4696 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4697 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4703 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4704 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4705 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4706 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4710 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4711 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4723 if (!de && errno != 0)
4728 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4730 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4734 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4735 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4738 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4749 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4755 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4769 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4774 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4798 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4812 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4813 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4815 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4816 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4821 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4828 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4829 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4832 r = access(p, F_OK);
4840 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4841 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4844 r = access(p, F_OK);
4850 /* Get parent dev_t */
4851 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4854 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4860 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4866 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4867 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4870 r = access(p, F_OK);
4874 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4881 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4882 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4883 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4884 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4885 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4888 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4890 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4891 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4892 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4893 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4894 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4895 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4896 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4899 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4901 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4902 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4903 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4904 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4905 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4906 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4907 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4908 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4909 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4910 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4911 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4912 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4913 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4914 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4915 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4916 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4917 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4918 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4919 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4920 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4921 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4924 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4926 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4927 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4928 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4929 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4931 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4932 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4933 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4934 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4937 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4939 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4940 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4941 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4942 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4943 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4947 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4949 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4950 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4951 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4952 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4953 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4954 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4955 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4956 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4957 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4958 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4959 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4960 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4961 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4962 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4963 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4964 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4965 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4968 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4970 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4971 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4972 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4973 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4974 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4977 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4979 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4996 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5007 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5009 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5015 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5017 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5018 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
5021 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5025 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5026 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5028 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
5033 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5038 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
5042 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5046 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5047 signo = (int) u + offset;
5048 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5054 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5055 bool loaded = false;
5058 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5066 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5068 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5077 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5084 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5087 static const struct {
5091 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5092 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5093 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5094 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5095 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5099 if (t == (off_t) -1)
5102 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5104 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5107 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5108 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5115 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5123 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5136 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5138 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5140 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5141 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5144 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5147 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5148 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5154 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5156 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5158 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5159 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5162 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5165 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5166 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5171 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5172 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5173 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5174 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5182 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5185 parent_pid = getpid();
5187 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5188 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5189 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5190 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5191 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5194 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5195 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5199 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5200 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5207 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5208 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5209 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5211 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5212 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5213 * SIGTERM or so... */
5214 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5215 reset_signal_mask();
5217 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5218 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5219 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5220 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5222 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5223 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5225 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5226 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5228 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5231 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5232 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5233 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5234 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5235 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5236 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5237 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5238 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5240 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5241 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5245 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5248 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5254 /* Count arguments */
5256 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5261 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5263 /* Fill in arguments */
5265 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5266 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5270 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5273 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5274 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5278 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5284 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5285 * to get as close as we can */
5286 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5288 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5289 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5291 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5297 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5298 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5309 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5311 f = fopen(path, "re");
5319 char line[LINE_MAX];
5322 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5326 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5336 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5337 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5351 bool http_etag_is_valid(const char *etag) {
5355 if (!endswith(etag, "\""))
5358 if (!startswith(etag, "\"") && !startswith(etag, "W/\""))
5364 bool http_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
5370 p = startswith(url, "http://");
5372 p = startswith(url, "https://");
5379 return ascii_is_valid(p);
5382 bool documentation_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
5388 if (http_url_is_valid(url))
5391 p = startswith(url, "file:/");
5393 p = startswith(url, "info:");
5395 p = startswith(url, "man:");
5400 return ascii_is_valid(p);
5403 bool in_initrd(void) {
5404 static int saved = -1;
5410 /* We make two checks here:
5412 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5413 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5415 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5416 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5417 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5420 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5421 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5422 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5427 void warn_melody(void) {
5428 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5430 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5434 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5436 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5437 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5439 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5440 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5442 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5443 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5445 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5448 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5451 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5453 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5455 return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to acquire terminal: %m");
5459 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %m");
5464 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5472 /* Take the user specified one */
5473 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5474 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5483 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5486 h = strdup("/root");
5494 /* Check the database... */
5498 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5500 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5503 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5511 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5519 /* Take the user specified one */
5520 e = getenv("SHELL");
5530 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5533 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5541 /* Check the database... */
5545 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5547 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5550 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5558 bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) {
5572 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5578 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5584 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5585 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5588 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5596 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5597 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5599 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5604 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5605 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5608 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5618 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5623 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5626 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5629 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5630 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5633 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5639 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5640 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5641 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5650 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5651 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5654 else if (comparison > 0)
5662 void init_gettext(void) {
5663 setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
5664 textdomain(GETTEXT_PACKAGE);
5667 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5669 static int cached_answer = -1;
5671 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5674 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5675 cached_answer = true;
5679 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5681 cached_answer = true;
5685 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5686 cached_answer = true;
5690 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5691 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5692 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5694 cached_answer = true;
5698 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5702 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5703 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5707 return (bool) cached_answer;
5710 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5711 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5714 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5715 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5716 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5717 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5718 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5719 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5720 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5721 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5724 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5725 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5726 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5727 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5728 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5729 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5730 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5731 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5736 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5739 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5742 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5748 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5749 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5762 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5768 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5769 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5777 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5789 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5790 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5795 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5797 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5803 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5805 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5807 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5811 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5816 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5818 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5819 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5820 else if (*i == '\t')
5827 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5830 } else if (*i == '[') {
5831 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5836 state = STATE_OTHER;
5843 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5844 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5847 state = STATE_OTHER;
5849 } else if (*i == 'm')
5850 state = STATE_OTHER;
5872 int on_ac_power(void) {
5873 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5874 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5876 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5878 return errno == ENOENT ? true : -errno;
5882 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5888 if (!de && errno != 0)
5894 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
5897 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5899 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5905 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5907 if (errno == ENOENT)
5913 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5917 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5921 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5923 if (errno == ENOENT)
5929 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5933 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5936 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5937 found_online = true;
5939 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5940 found_offline = true;
5945 return found_online || !found_offline;
5948 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5955 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5958 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5959 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5963 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5965 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5975 if (errno != ENOENT)
5982 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5983 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5989 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5992 f = fopen(path, mode);
6001 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
6005 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
6008 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
6009 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
6011 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6014 f = fopen(path, mode);
6023 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
6027 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
6030 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
6037 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
6044 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6049 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
6058 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
6068 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6082 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
6090 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
6094 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
6101 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6108 if (*allocated >= need)
6111 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6112 a = newalloc * size;
6114 /* check for overflows */
6115 if (a < size * need)
6123 *allocated = newalloc;
6127 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6136 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6140 if (*allocated > prev)
6141 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6146 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6152 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6154 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6157 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6158 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6159 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6163 } else if (l == 36) {
6165 /* Formatted UUID */
6167 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6170 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6174 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6175 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6176 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6187 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6202 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6206 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6218 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6219 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
6222 r = get_proc_cmdline_key("systemd.restore_state=", &value);
6228 return parse_boolean(value) != 0;
6231 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6234 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
6235 return get_process_cmdline(1, 0, false, ret);
6237 return read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6240 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6241 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6247 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6253 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6256 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, UNQUOTE_RELAX);
6262 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6264 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6267 value = strchr(word, '=');
6271 r = parse_item(word, value);
6279 int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *key, char **value) {
6280 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *ret = NULL;
6287 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6293 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6296 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, UNQUOTE_RELAX);
6302 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6304 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6308 e = startswith(word, key);
6312 r = free_and_strdup(&ret, e);
6318 if (streq(word, key))
6332 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6333 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6341 p = strjoina("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6342 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6350 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6353 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6363 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6364 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6372 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6373 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6381 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6382 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6390 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6391 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6399 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6400 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6406 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6409 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6412 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6417 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6422 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6425 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6429 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6433 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6437 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6440 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6444 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6447 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6450 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6456 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6457 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6462 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6465 return errno != ESRCH;
6468 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6471 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6476 r = get_process_state(pid);
6477 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6483 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6484 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6491 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6495 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6498 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6499 * to namespacing issues */
6502 if (u.uid == UID_INVALID)
6504 if (u.gid == GID_INVALID)
6511 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6523 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6527 if (errno != ERANGE)
6534 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6550 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6551 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6552 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6559 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6566 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6573 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6574 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6579 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6580 p = strjoina(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6582 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6590 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6593 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6596 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6597 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6599 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6600 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6602 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6603 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6608 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6610 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6611 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6612 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6613 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6614 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6615 * used by libseccomp. */
6617 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6619 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6622 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6625 #elif defined(__i386__)
6627 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6631 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6632 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6633 * as error indicator. */
6634 return 0xffffffffUL;
6637 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6639 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6641 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6647 #elif defined(__i386__)
6656 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6659 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6660 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6662 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6665 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6668 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6669 const uint8_t *b = p;
6672 assert(s == 0 || b);
6677 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6679 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6684 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6692 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6697 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6711 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6716 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6718 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6719 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6721 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6726 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6730 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6731 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6732 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6735 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6740 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6741 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6745 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6748 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6749 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6750 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6751 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6752 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6753 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6754 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6755 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6756 "- " /* (8) separator */
6757 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6758 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6759 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6760 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6769 r = cunescape(path, UNESCAPE_RELAX, &p);
6773 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6776 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6792 static int get_mount_flags(const char *path, unsigned long *flags) {
6795 if (statvfs(path, &buf) < 0)
6797 *flags = buf.f_flag;
6801 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6802 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6803 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6806 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6807 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6808 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6809 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6810 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6811 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6812 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6813 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6814 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6815 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6816 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6817 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6818 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6820 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6824 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6826 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6831 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6832 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6833 bool top_autofs = false;
6835 unsigned long orig_flags;
6837 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6841 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6842 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6846 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6849 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6850 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6851 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6852 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6853 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6854 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6855 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6856 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6857 "- " /* (8) separator */
6858 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6859 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6860 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6861 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6871 r = cunescape(path, UNESCAPE_RELAX, &p);
6875 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6876 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6877 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6878 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6879 * already triggered, then we will find
6880 * another entry for this. */
6881 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6882 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6886 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6887 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6889 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6899 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6900 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6902 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6903 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6906 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6907 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6908 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6909 * mount, make it one. */
6910 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6914 (void) get_mount_flags(cleaned, &orig_flags);
6915 orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
6917 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6920 x = strdup(cleaned);
6924 r = set_consume(done, x);
6929 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6931 r = set_consume(done, x);
6937 /* Try to reuse the original flag set, but
6938 * don't care for errors, in case of
6939 * obstructed mounts */
6941 (void) get_mount_flags(x, &orig_flags);
6942 orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
6944 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6946 /* Deal with mount points that are
6947 * obstructed by a later mount */
6949 if (errno != ENOENT)
6957 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6964 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6969 int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, char **ret) {
6981 * /foo/bar/.#waldoXXXXXX
6985 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
6988 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 6 + 1);
6992 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), "XXXXXX");
6994 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
6998 int tempfn_random(const char *p, char **ret) {
7012 * /foo/bar/.#waldobaa2a261115984a9
7016 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7019 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 16 + 1);
7023 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn);
7026 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7027 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7033 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7037 int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, char **ret) {
7048 * /foo/bar/waldo/.#3c2b6219aa75d7d0
7051 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 3 + 16 + 1);
7055 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(t, p), "/.#");
7058 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7059 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7065 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7069 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
7070 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
7073 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
7074 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
7076 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
7077 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
7078 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
7079 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
7080 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
7081 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
7082 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
7083 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
7086 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
7088 struct flock flock = {
7090 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7098 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
7099 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
7100 * our own trivial version of this.
7102 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
7103 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
7104 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
7105 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
7106 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
7109 path = strjoina(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
7111 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
7113 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
7117 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
7126 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
7129 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
7132 return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
7135 int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
7140 r = stat(path, &st);
7142 r = lstat(path, &st);
7146 return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
7149 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, UnquoteFlags flags) {
7150 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
7151 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
7159 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7161 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7169 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
7170 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
7171 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
7172 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
7182 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7192 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7194 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
7196 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7197 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7200 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7210 if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
7215 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7218 if (flags & UNQUOTE_CUNESCAPE) {
7219 r = cunescape_one(*p, (size_t) -1, &c);
7233 if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
7236 } else if (c == '\'')
7239 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7241 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7249 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7251 if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
7256 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7259 if (flags & UNQUOTE_CUNESCAPE) {
7260 r = cunescape_one(*p, (size_t) -1, &c);
7268 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7277 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7279 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7287 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7289 if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
7294 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7297 if (flags & UNQUOTE_CUNESCAPE) {
7298 r = cunescape_one(*p, (size_t) -1, &c);
7306 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7312 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7334 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, UnquoteFlags flags, ...) {
7339 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7340 * quotes if necessary. */
7344 /* Count how many words are expected */
7345 va_start(ap, flags);
7347 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7356 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7357 l = newa0(char*, n);
7358 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7360 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c], flags);
7364 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7374 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7376 va_start(ap, flags);
7377 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7380 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7390 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7395 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7396 * possibly freeing the old one. */
7411 int sethostname_idempotent(const char *s) {
7413 char buf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1] = {};
7417 r = gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf));
7424 r = sethostname(s, strlen(s));
7431 int ptsname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
7444 if (ptsname_r(fd, c, l) == 0) {
7448 if (errno != ERANGE) {
7458 int openpt_in_namespace(pid_t pid, int flags) {
7459 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, rootfd = -1;
7460 _cleanup_close_pair_ int pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
7462 struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
7463 uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
7465 struct msghdr mh = {
7466 .msg_control = &control,
7467 .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
7469 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
7476 r = namespace_open(pid, &pidnsfd, &mntnsfd, NULL, &rootfd);
7480 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, pair) < 0)
7490 pair[0] = safe_close(pair[0]);
7492 r = namespace_enter(pidnsfd, mntnsfd, -1, rootfd);
7494 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7496 master = posix_openpt(flags);
7498 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7500 cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
7501 cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
7502 cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
7503 cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
7504 memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &master, sizeof(int));
7506 mh.msg_controllen = cmsg->cmsg_len;
7508 if (sendmsg(pair[1], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0)
7509 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7511 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
7514 pair[1] = safe_close(pair[1]);
7516 r = wait_for_terminate(child, &si);
7519 if (si.si_code != CLD_EXITED || si.si_status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
7522 if (recvmsg(pair[0], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL|MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC) < 0)
7525 for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&mh, cmsg))
7526 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS) {
7530 fds = (int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
7531 n_fds = (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int);
7534 close_many(fds, n_fds);
7544 ssize_t fgetxattrat_fake(int dirfd, const char *filename, const char *attribute, void *value, size_t size, int flags) {
7545 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7548 /* The kernel doesn't have a fgetxattrat() command, hence let's emulate one */
7550 fd = openat(dirfd, filename, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOATIME|(flags & AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW ? O_NOFOLLOW : 0));
7554 l = fgetxattr(fd, attribute, value, size);
7561 static int parse_crtime(le64_t le, usec_t *usec) {
7567 if (u == 0 || u == (uint64_t) -1)
7574 int fd_getcrtime(int fd, usec_t *usec) {
7581 /* Until Linux gets a real concept of birthtime/creation time,
7582 * let's fake one with xattrs */
7584 n = fgetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
7587 if (n != sizeof(le))
7590 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7593 int fd_getcrtime_at(int dirfd, const char *name, usec_t *usec, int flags) {
7597 n = fgetxattrat_fake(dirfd, name, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), flags);
7600 if (n != sizeof(le))
7603 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7606 int path_getcrtime(const char *p, usec_t *usec) {
7613 n = getxattr(p, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
7616 if (n != sizeof(le))
7619 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7622 int fd_setcrtime(int fd, usec_t usec) {
7628 usec = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
7630 le = htole64((uint64_t) usec);
7631 if (fsetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), 0) < 0)
7637 int chattr_fd(int fd, bool b, unsigned mask) {
7638 unsigned old_attr, new_attr;
7645 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &old_attr) < 0)
7649 new_attr = old_attr | mask;
7651 new_attr = old_attr & ~mask;
7653 if (new_attr == old_attr)
7656 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &new_attr) < 0)
7662 int chattr_path(const char *p, bool b, unsigned mask) {
7663 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7670 fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
7674 return chattr_fd(fd, b, mask);
7677 int change_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned value, unsigned mask) {
7678 unsigned old_attr, new_attr;
7685 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &old_attr) < 0)
7688 new_attr = (old_attr & ~mask) |(value & mask);
7690 if (new_attr == old_attr)
7693 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &new_attr) < 0)
7699 int read_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned *ret) {
7702 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, ret) < 0)
7708 int read_attr_path(const char *p, unsigned *ret) {
7709 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7714 fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
7718 return read_attr_fd(fd, ret);
7721 int make_lock_file(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret) {
7722 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7723 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
7727 * We use UNPOSIX locks if they are available. They have nice
7728 * semantics, and are mostly compatible with NFS. However,
7729 * they are only available on new kernels. When we detect we
7730 * are running on an older kernel, then we fall back to good
7731 * old BSD locks. They also have nice semantics, but are
7732 * slightly problematic on NFS, where they are upgraded to
7733 * POSIX locks, even though locally they are orthogonal to
7743 .l_type = (operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_EX ? F_WRLCK : F_RDLCK,
7744 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7748 fd = open(p, O_CREAT|O_RDWR|O_NOFOLLOW|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0600);
7752 r = fcntl(fd, (operation & LOCK_NB) ? F_OFD_SETLK : F_OFD_SETLKW, &fl);
7755 /* If the kernel is too old, use good old BSD locks */
7756 if (errno == EINVAL)
7757 r = flock(fd, operation);
7760 return errno == EAGAIN ? -EBUSY : -errno;
7763 /* If we acquired the lock, let's check if the file
7764 * still exists in the file system. If not, then the
7765 * previous exclusive owner removed it and then closed
7766 * it. In such a case our acquired lock is worthless,
7767 * hence try again. */
7772 if (st.st_nlink > 0)
7775 fd = safe_close(fd);
7780 ret->operation = operation;
7788 int make_lock_file_for(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret) {
7796 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7799 t = newa(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 4 + 1);
7800 stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), ".lck");
7802 return make_lock_file(t, operation, ret);
7805 void release_lock_file(LockFile *f) {
7813 /* If we are the exclusive owner we can safely delete
7814 * the lock file itself. If we are not the exclusive
7815 * owner, we can try becoming it. */
7818 (f->operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_SH) {
7819 static const struct flock fl = {
7821 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7824 r = fcntl(f->fd, F_OFD_SETLK, &fl);
7825 if (r < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
7826 r = flock(f->fd, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB);
7829 f->operation = LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB;
7832 if ((f->operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_EX)
7833 unlink_noerrno(f->path);
7839 f->fd = safe_close(f->fd);
7843 static size_t nul_length(const uint8_t *p, size_t sz) {
7858 ssize_t sparse_write(int fd, const void *p, size_t sz, size_t run_length) {
7859 const uint8_t *q, *w, *e;
7867 n = nul_length(q, e - q);
7869 /* If there are more than the specified run length of
7870 * NUL bytes, or if this is the beginning or the end
7871 * of the buffer, then seek instead of write */
7872 if ((n > run_length) ||
7873 (n > 0 && q == p) ||
7874 (n > 0 && q + n >= e)) {
7876 l = write(fd, w, q - w);
7883 if (lseek(fd, n, SEEK_CUR) == (off_t) -1)
7895 l = write(fd, w, q - w);
7902 return q - (const uint8_t*) p;
7905 void sigkill_wait(pid_t *pid) {
7911 if (kill(*pid, SIGKILL) > 0)
7912 (void) wait_for_terminate(*pid, NULL);
7915 int syslog_parse_priority(const char **p, int *priority, bool with_facility) {
7916 int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
7926 if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
7929 if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
7930 c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
7932 } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
7933 b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
7934 c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
7936 } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
7937 a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
7938 b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
7939 c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
7944 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 ||
7945 (!with_facility && (a || b || c > 7)))
7949 *priority = a*100 + b*10 + c;
7951 *priority = (*priority & LOG_FACMASK) | c;
7957 ssize_t string_table_lookup(const char * const *table, size_t len, const char *key) {
7963 for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
7964 if (streq_ptr(table[i], key))
7970 void cmsg_close_all(struct msghdr *mh) {
7971 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
7975 for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mh); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(mh, cmsg))
7976 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS)
7977 close_many((int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg), (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int));
7980 int rename_noreplace(int olddirfd, const char *oldpath, int newdirfd, const char *newpath) {
7984 ret = renameat2(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, RENAME_NOREPLACE);
7988 /* Even though renameat2() exists since Linux 3.15, btrfs added
7989 * support for it later. If it is not implemented, fallback to another
7991 if (errno != EINVAL)
7994 /* The link()/unlink() fallback does not work on directories. But
7995 * renameat() without RENAME_NOREPLACE gives the same semantics on
7996 * directories, except when newpath is an *empty* directory. This is
7998 ret = fstatat(olddirfd, oldpath, &buf, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
7999 if (ret >= 0 && S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode)) {
8000 ret = renameat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath);
8001 return ret >= 0 ? 0 : -errno;
8004 /* If it is not a directory, use the link()/unlink() fallback. */
8005 ret = linkat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, 0);
8009 ret = unlinkat(olddirfd, oldpath, 0);
8011 /* backup errno before the following unlinkat() alters it */
8013 (void) unlinkat(newdirfd, newpath, 0);