1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
71 #include "path-util.h"
72 #include "exit-status.h"
78 char **saved_argv = NULL;
80 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
81 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
83 size_t page_size(void) {
84 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
87 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
90 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
97 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
99 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
110 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
117 pl = strlen(postfix);
120 return (char*) s + sl;
125 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
128 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
131 char* startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
148 char* startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
158 if (tolower(*a) != tolower(*b))
165 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
180 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
184 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
187 int close_nointr(int fd) {
193 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
194 * thing to do on Linux.
196 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
197 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
198 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
199 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
201 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
209 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
212 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
215 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
218 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
221 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
223 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
224 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
227 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
238 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
241 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
243 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
249 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
250 unsigned long ul = 0;
257 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
263 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
273 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
274 unsigned long ul = 0;
281 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
287 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
294 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
302 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
304 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
305 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
307 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
310 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
314 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
322 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
324 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
325 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
327 if ((long) (int) l != l)
334 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
336 unsigned long long l;
342 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
344 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
345 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
351 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
359 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
361 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
362 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
368 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
378 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
379 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
385 /* Split a string into words. */
386 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
389 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
391 if (!*current || *c == 0)
394 current += strspn(current, separator);
395 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
398 return (char*) current;
401 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
402 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
403 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
405 bool escaped = false;
407 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
409 if (!*current || *c == 0)
412 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
414 if (*current == '\'') {
417 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
427 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
428 } else if (*current == '\"') {
431 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
441 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
443 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
448 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
455 return (char*) current;
458 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
460 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
473 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
478 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
479 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
483 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
484 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
485 * skip over it manually */
487 p = strrchr(line, ')');
499 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
502 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
507 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
508 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
516 p = "/proc/self/stat";
518 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
524 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
531 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
532 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
533 * skip over it manually */
535 p = strrchr(line, ')');
557 "%*d " /* priority */
559 "%*d " /* num_threads */
560 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
561 "%llu " /* starttime */,
568 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
573 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
579 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
582 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
586 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
593 p = "/proc/self/comm";
595 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
597 return read_one_line_file(p, name);
600 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
601 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
610 p = "/proc/self/cmdline";
612 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
618 if (max_length == 0) {
619 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
621 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
623 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
628 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
638 r = new(char, max_length);
644 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
666 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
673 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
674 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
683 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
687 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
698 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
710 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
715 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
719 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
722 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
728 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
735 p = "/proc/self/exe";
737 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
739 return readlink_malloc(p, name);
742 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
743 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
753 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
758 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
763 if (startswith(l, field)) {
765 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
767 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
769 return parse_uid(l, uid);
776 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
777 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
780 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
781 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
782 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
785 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
793 return strndup(suffix, b);
802 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
805 r = new(char, a+b+1);
810 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
816 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
817 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
820 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
830 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
833 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
839 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
850 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
857 if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
860 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
870 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
877 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
881 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
888 path_kill_slashes(*r);
893 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
896 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
897 struct sigaction sa = {
898 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
899 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
902 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
905 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
906 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
907 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
915 char *strstrip(char *s) {
918 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
919 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
921 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
923 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
924 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
932 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
935 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
937 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
949 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
956 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
962 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
969 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
970 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
973 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
974 return strdup(filename);
976 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
977 return strdup(filename);
979 k = strlen(filename);
980 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
983 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
984 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
989 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
998 /* Skip trailing slashes */
999 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1005 /* Skip last component */
1006 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1009 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1010 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1016 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1019 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1028 if (errno != ENOENT)
1035 char hexchar(int x) {
1036 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1038 return table[x & 15];
1041 int unhexchar(char c) {
1043 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1046 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1047 return c - 'a' + 10;
1049 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1050 return c - 'A' + 10;
1055 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1059 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1063 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1064 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1065 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1072 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1078 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1082 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1085 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1087 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1091 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1098 char octchar(int x) {
1099 return '0' + (x & 7);
1102 int unoctchar(char c) {
1104 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1110 char decchar(int x) {
1111 return '0' + (x % 10);
1114 int undecchar(char c) {
1116 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1122 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1128 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1130 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1134 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1180 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1181 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1182 * g_strescape() does the same */
1183 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1185 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1186 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1187 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1198 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1205 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1207 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1209 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1214 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1216 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1259 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1264 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1267 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1268 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1270 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1271 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1275 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1290 /* octal encoding */
1293 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1294 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1295 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1297 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1298 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1302 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1310 /* premature end of string.*/
1315 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1327 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1328 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1331 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1334 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1337 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1341 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1342 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1345 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1349 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1351 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1352 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1355 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1356 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1366 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1372 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1373 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape(). We special
1374 * case the empty string. */
1379 r = new(char, strlen(s)*3 + 1);
1383 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1385 /* Escape everything that is not a-zA-Z0-9. We also
1386 * escape 0-9 if it's the first character */
1388 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1389 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1390 !(f > s && *f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1392 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1393 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1403 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1408 /* Special case for the empty string */
1412 r = new(char, strlen(f) + 1);
1416 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1421 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1422 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1423 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1426 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1438 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1443 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1444 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1445 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1450 static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1454 filename[0] == '.' ||
1455 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1456 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1457 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1458 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1459 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1460 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1461 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1462 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1463 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1466 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1469 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1472 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1475 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1480 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1484 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1486 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1488 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1494 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1499 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1503 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1505 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1507 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1513 static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1516 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1518 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1525 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1530 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1532 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1537 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1538 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1541 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1542 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1544 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1547 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1548 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1555 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1558 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1561 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1562 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1571 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1574 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1575 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1576 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1585 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1588 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1589 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1596 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1597 static const char table[] =
1606 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1610 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1612 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1618 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1622 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1625 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1628 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1634 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1635 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1637 char line[LINE_MAX];
1642 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1643 new_termios = old_termios;
1645 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1646 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1647 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1649 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1652 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1653 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1654 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1659 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1661 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1667 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1674 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1675 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1678 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1683 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1693 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1703 bool need_nl = true;
1706 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1713 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1717 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1720 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1721 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1732 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1737 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1741 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1742 struct termios termios;
1745 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1749 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1750 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1751 * interfere with that. */
1753 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1754 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1756 /* Switch to text mode */
1758 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1760 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1761 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1763 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1768 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1769 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1770 * else will do that for us */
1772 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1773 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1774 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1775 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1776 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1778 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1779 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1780 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1781 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1782 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1783 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1784 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1785 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1786 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1787 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1788 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1789 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1790 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1792 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1793 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1795 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1799 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1800 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1805 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1808 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1812 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1813 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1818 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1823 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1824 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1825 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1826 * retrying a couple of times.
1828 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1832 fd = open(name, mode);
1839 /* Max 1s in total */
1843 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1852 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1857 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1864 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1865 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1875 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1885 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1891 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1900 int acquire_terminal(
1904 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1907 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1912 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1913 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1914 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1916 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1917 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1918 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1919 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1920 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1921 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1922 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1923 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1925 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1926 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1928 if (!fail && !force) {
1929 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1935 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1943 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1944 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1945 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1949 r = flush_fd(notify);
1954 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1955 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1956 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1957 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1961 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1962 * if we already own the tty. */
1963 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1965 /* First, try to get the tty */
1966 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1969 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1971 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1972 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1973 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1974 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1977 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1986 assert(notify >= 0);
1989 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1991 struct inotify_event *e;
1993 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1996 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1997 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2002 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2012 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2015 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2022 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2027 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2032 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2033 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2035 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2042 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2043 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2044 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2045 * an endless loop. */
2046 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2050 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2052 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2054 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2060 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2063 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2068 int release_terminal(void) {
2070 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2071 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2072 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2074 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2076 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2080 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2081 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2082 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2084 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2087 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2092 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2097 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2098 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2105 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2106 struct sigaction sa = {
2107 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2108 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2114 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2118 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2119 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2126 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2127 struct sigaction sa = {
2128 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2129 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2134 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2138 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2139 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2146 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2152 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2157 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2161 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2164 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2173 while (nbytes > 0) {
2176 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2178 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2181 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2182 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2187 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2191 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2194 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2195 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2200 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2211 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2220 while (nbytes > 0) {
2223 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2226 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2229 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2230 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2235 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2239 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2242 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2243 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2248 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2259 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2260 static const struct {
2266 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2267 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2268 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2269 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2270 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2287 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2298 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2300 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2301 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2302 r += (off_t) l * table[i].factor;
2303 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2307 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2317 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2322 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2323 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2324 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2327 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2329 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2332 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2337 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2340 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2344 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2347 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2349 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2350 * sysfs or in /dev */
2353 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2354 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2357 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2358 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2367 union dirent_storage buf;
2369 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2376 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2381 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2382 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2399 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2400 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2404 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2408 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2409 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2415 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2418 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2421 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2422 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2423 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2424 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2425 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2426 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2429 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2431 if (program_invocation_name)
2432 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2434 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2438 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2440 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2444 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2449 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2456 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2457 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2461 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2464 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2466 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2467 return strdup(u.nodename);
2469 return strdup(u.sysname);
2472 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2475 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2477 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2480 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2483 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2484 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2486 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2488 return strdup("root");
2490 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2494 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2498 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2499 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2501 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2507 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2511 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2516 return lookup_uid(uid);
2519 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2526 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2529 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2530 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2535 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2541 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2549 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2553 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2557 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2559 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2566 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2567 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2568 char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
2569 unsigned long ttynr;
2577 fn = "/proc/self/stat";
2579 fn = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2581 f = fopen(fn, "re");
2585 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2586 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
2590 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2600 "%*d " /* session */
2605 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2612 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2614 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *s, *b, *p;
2619 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2623 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2625 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2631 /* This is an ugly hack */
2632 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2633 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2643 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2644 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2645 * vaguely useful. */
2658 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2660 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2678 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2684 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2685 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2689 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2691 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2696 union dirent_storage buf;
2697 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2701 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2702 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
2710 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2713 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2715 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2716 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2717 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2722 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2725 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2726 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2728 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2729 keep_around = false;
2735 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2736 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2739 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2740 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2741 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2742 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2747 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2748 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2752 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2753 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2757 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2759 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2760 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2771 static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2774 F_TYPE_CMP(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2775 F_TYPE_CMP(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2778 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2783 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2784 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2788 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2789 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2791 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2792 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2793 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2797 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2800 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2806 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2807 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2808 * seriously broken system. */
2809 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2810 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2814 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2817 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2821 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2824 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2825 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2830 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2831 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2838 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2839 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2843 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2844 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2845 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2850 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2853 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2856 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2865 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2866 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2869 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2870 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2873 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2876 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2877 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2878 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2880 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2881 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2884 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2885 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2891 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2894 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2895 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2896 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2898 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2901 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2907 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2911 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2914 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2917 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2918 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2928 if (errno != EINVAL)
2935 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2936 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2937 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2938 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2939 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2941 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2945 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2946 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2948 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2951 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2964 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2970 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
2978 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
2979 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
2982 if (!isempty(status)) {
2983 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
2984 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
2985 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
2987 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
2990 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
2992 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
2994 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3000 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3006 va_start(ap, format);
3007 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3013 int status_welcome(void) {
3015 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3017 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3018 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3019 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3021 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
3022 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3024 return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
3025 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3026 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
3027 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
3030 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3037 const char *e, *word = format;
3042 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3053 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3062 } else if (*e == '$') {
3063 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3079 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3081 k = strappend(r, t);
3095 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3106 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3108 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3110 l = strv_length(argv);
3112 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3115 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3117 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3118 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3123 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3126 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3137 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3146 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3154 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3155 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3165 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3166 struct winsize ws = {};
3168 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3177 unsigned columns(void) {
3181 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3182 return cached_columns;
3185 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3190 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3199 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3200 struct winsize ws = {};
3202 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3211 unsigned lines(void) {
3215 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3216 return cached_lines;
3219 e = getenv("LINES");
3224 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3230 return cached_lines;
3233 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3234 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3240 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3242 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3243 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3245 return cached_on_tty;
3248 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3249 struct stat a = {}, b = {};
3251 /* Only works as root */
3252 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3255 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3259 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3260 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3263 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3268 assert(percent <= 100);
3269 assert(new_length >= 3);
3271 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3272 return strndup(s, old_length);
3274 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3278 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3280 if (x > new_length - 3)
3288 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3289 new_length - x - 3);
3294 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3295 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3298 int touch(const char *path) {
3303 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3304 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3307 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3311 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3315 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3319 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3320 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3321 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3328 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3329 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3334 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3335 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3338 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3350 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3354 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3362 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3366 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3372 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3383 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3395 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3402 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3404 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3408 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3409 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3410 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3411 return status.si_status;
3414 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3417 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3418 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3420 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3424 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3428 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3430 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3431 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3439 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3442 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3445 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3451 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3456 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3459 return null_or_empty(&st);
3462 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3466 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags);
3472 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3479 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3483 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3485 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3486 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3491 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3495 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
3496 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
3498 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3502 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
3508 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t);
3517 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3520 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3521 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3523 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3524 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3526 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3527 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3529 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3530 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3535 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3538 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3541 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3544 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3547 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3550 return streq(tty, "console");
3553 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3558 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3561 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3564 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3567 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3571 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3577 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3580 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3581 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3583 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3586 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3589 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3590 * /dev/console points to */
3591 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3600 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3601 char *active = NULL;
3606 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3609 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3610 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3621 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3624 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3627 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3630 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3633 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3634 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3635 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3641 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3644 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3645 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3646 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3649 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3652 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3655 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3658 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3662 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3663 * waits for them to finish. */
3666 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3668 if (errno == ENOENT)
3671 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3678 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3679 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3683 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3688 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3691 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3696 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3697 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3715 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3716 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3719 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3721 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3722 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3727 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3728 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3732 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3737 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3741 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3742 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3743 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3744 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3746 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3748 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3759 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3762 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3765 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3773 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3779 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3780 if (streq(i, needle))
3786 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3787 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3790 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3799 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3801 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3802 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3803 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3809 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3816 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3823 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3833 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3839 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s) {
3843 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3845 if (dot || p[1] == 0)
3852 if (hostname_valid_char(*p))
3857 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3862 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3864 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3866 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3869 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3876 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3879 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3881 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3886 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
3893 return pollfd.revents;
3896 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
3907 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
3911 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
3915 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
3917 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
3923 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
3936 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
3939 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
3945 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
3948 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3952 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
3953 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3958 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
3962 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
3963 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
3964 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
3966 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
3969 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
3970 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
3971 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
3973 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3978 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
3979 "\033[H" /* move home */
3980 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
3982 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3987 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
3990 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
3997 /* Try to deallocate */
3998 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4002 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4003 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4011 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4013 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4018 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4019 "\033[H" /* move home */
4020 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4022 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4027 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
4033 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4037 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4039 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4047 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4051 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4062 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4064 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4066 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4074 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4075 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4085 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4087 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4090 unsigned long long ull;
4097 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4101 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4105 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4108 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4109 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4115 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4118 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4127 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4131 display[0] == ':' &&
4132 display[1] >= '0' &&
4136 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4143 if (!display_is_local(display))
4146 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4148 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4152 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4153 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4162 const char **username,
4163 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4165 const char **shell) {
4173 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4174 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4176 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4194 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4198 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4199 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4200 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4201 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4202 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4204 *username = p->pw_name;
4207 p = getpwnam(*username);
4211 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4223 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4228 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4233 return strdup("root");
4237 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4239 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4245 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4250 return strdup("root");
4254 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4256 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4262 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4268 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4269 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4271 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4272 *groupname = "root";
4280 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4285 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4288 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4292 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4300 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4302 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4304 if (getgid() == gid)
4307 if (getegid() == gid)
4310 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4311 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4313 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4315 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4319 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4326 int in_group(const char *name) {
4330 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4337 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4338 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4344 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4346 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4348 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4351 r = !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4353 r = errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4358 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4364 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4367 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4371 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4372 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4373 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4374 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4375 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4376 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4377 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4383 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4387 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4393 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
4394 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
4405 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4413 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4414 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4423 union dirent_storage buf;
4426 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
4435 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4437 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4441 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
4445 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
4454 assert((unsigned) r < n);
4456 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
4480 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4494 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4499 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4523 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4537 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4538 static __thread int cached = 0;
4540 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4541 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4546 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4553 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4554 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4557 r = access(p, F_OK);
4565 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4566 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4569 r = access(p, F_OK);
4575 /* Get parent dev_t */
4576 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4579 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4585 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4591 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4592 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4595 r = access(p, F_OK);
4599 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4606 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4611 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4615 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4616 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4619 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4620 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4621 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4622 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4623 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4626 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4628 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4629 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4630 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4631 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4632 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4633 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4634 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4637 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4639 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4640 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4641 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4642 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4643 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4644 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4645 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4646 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4647 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4648 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4649 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4650 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4651 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4652 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4653 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4654 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4655 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4656 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4657 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4658 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4659 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4662 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4664 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4665 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4666 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4667 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4669 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4670 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4671 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4672 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4675 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4677 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4678 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4679 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4680 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4681 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4685 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4687 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4688 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4689 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4690 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4691 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4692 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4693 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4694 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4695 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4696 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4697 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4698 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4699 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4700 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4701 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4702 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4703 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4706 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4708 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4709 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4710 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4711 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4712 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4715 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4717 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4734 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4745 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4747 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4753 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4755 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4756 static __thread char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4759 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4763 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4764 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4766 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4771 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4776 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4780 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4784 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4785 signo = (int) u + offset;
4786 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4792 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4793 bool loaded = false;
4796 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4804 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4822 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4824 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4833 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4840 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4843 static const struct {
4847 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4848 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4849 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4850 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4851 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4855 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4857 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4860 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4861 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4868 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4876 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4889 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4891 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4893 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4895 l == sizeof(value) &&
4896 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4900 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4907 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4909 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4911 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
4913 l == sizeof(value) &&
4914 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4918 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4925 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
4926 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
4928 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
4936 parent_pid = getpid();
4938 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
4945 if (agent_pid != 0) {
4952 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
4953 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
4954 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4956 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
4957 * to set the death signal */
4958 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
4959 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4961 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
4962 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
4964 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
4965 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
4967 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
4968 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
4969 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
4970 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
4971 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
4972 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
4973 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
4974 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
4975 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
4977 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
4978 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4982 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
4985 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
4991 /* Count arguments */
4993 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
4998 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5000 /* Fill in arguments */
5002 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5003 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5007 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5010 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5011 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5015 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5021 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5022 * to get as close as we can */
5023 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5025 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5026 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5028 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5034 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5035 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5047 path = "/proc/self/environ";
5049 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5051 f = fopen(path, "re");
5059 char line[LINE_MAX];
5062 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5066 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5076 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5077 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5091 int can_sleep(const char *type) {
5095 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5099 /* If /sys is read-only we cannot sleep */
5100 if (access("/sys/power/state", W_OK) < 0)
5103 r = read_one_line_file("/sys/power/state", &p);
5108 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(w, l, p, WHITESPACE, state)
5109 if (l == k && memcmp(w, type, l) == 0)
5115 int can_sleep_disk(const char *type) {
5119 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5123 /* If /sys is read-only we cannot sleep */
5124 if (access("/sys/power/state", W_OK) < 0 ||
5125 access("/sys/power/disk", W_OK) < 0)
5128 r = read_one_line_file("/sys/power/disk", &p);
5133 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(w, l, p, WHITESPACE, state) {
5134 if (l == k && memcmp(w, type, l) == 0)
5137 if (l == k + 2 && w[0] == '[' && memcmp(w + 1, type, l - 2) == 0 && w[l-1] == ']')
5144 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5147 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5150 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5153 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5156 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5159 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5165 bool in_initrd(void) {
5166 static __thread int saved = -1;
5172 /* We make two checks here:
5174 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5175 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5177 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5178 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5179 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5182 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5183 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5184 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5189 void warn_melody(void) {
5190 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5192 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5196 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5198 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5199 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5201 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5202 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5204 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5205 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5207 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5210 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5213 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5215 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5217 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5223 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5230 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5238 /* Take the user specified one */
5249 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5252 h = strdup("/root");
5260 /* Check the database... */
5264 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5266 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5269 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5277 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5291 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5297 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5302 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5303 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5306 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5313 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5318 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5319 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5325 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5330 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5333 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5336 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5337 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5340 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5346 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5347 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5348 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5357 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5358 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5361 else if (comparison > 0)
5369 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5371 static int cached_answer = -1;
5373 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5376 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5377 cached_answer = true;
5381 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5383 cached_answer = true;
5387 if(streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5388 cached_answer = true;
5392 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true,
5393 * because CTYPE is effectly unset and
5394 * everything defaults to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5396 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5398 cached_answer = true;
5402 cached_answer = streq(set, "C");
5405 return (bool)cached_answer;
5408 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5409 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5411 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5412 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5413 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5414 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5415 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5417 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5418 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5419 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5420 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5421 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5422 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5426 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5429 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5432 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5438 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5439 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5452 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5458 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5459 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5467 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5479 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5480 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5485 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5487 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5493 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5495 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5497 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5501 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5506 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5508 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5509 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5510 else if (*i == '\t')
5517 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5520 } else if (*i == '[') {
5521 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5526 state = STATE_OTHER;
5533 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5534 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5537 state = STATE_OTHER;
5539 } else if (*i == 'm')
5540 state = STATE_OTHER;
5562 int on_ac_power(void) {
5563 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5564 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5566 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5572 union dirent_storage buf;
5573 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5578 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
5585 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5588 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5590 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5596 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5598 if (errno == ENOENT)
5604 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5608 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5611 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5612 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5614 if (errno == ENOENT)
5620 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5624 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5627 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5628 found_online = true;
5630 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5631 found_offline = true;
5636 return found_online || !found_offline;
5639 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5646 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_uniq(search))
5649 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5650 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5653 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5663 if (errno != ENOENT)
5670 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5671 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5677 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5680 f = fopen(path, mode);
5689 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5693 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5696 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5697 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5699 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5702 f = fopen(path, mode);
5711 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5715 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5718 int create_tmp_dir(char template[], char** dir_name) {
5724 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0077) {
5725 d = mkdtemp(template);
5728 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", template);
5732 dt = strjoin(d, "/tmp", NULL);
5738 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0000) {
5739 r = mkdir(dt, 0777);
5742 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", dt);
5746 log_debug("Created temporary directory %s", dt);
5748 r = chmod(dt, 0777 | S_ISVTX);
5750 log_error("Failed to chmod %s: %m", dt);
5754 log_debug("Set sticky bit on %s", dt);
5768 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5775 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5782 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5787 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5796 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5806 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5820 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5828 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5832 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5839 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5843 if (*allocated >= need)
5846 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);