1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
71 #include "path-util.h"
72 #include "exit-status.h"
78 char **saved_argv = NULL;
80 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
81 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
83 size_t page_size(void) {
84 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
87 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
90 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
97 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
99 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
110 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
117 pl = strlen(postfix);
120 return (char*) s + sl;
125 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
128 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
131 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
146 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
150 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
153 int close_nointr(int fd) {
159 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
160 * thing to do on Linux.
162 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
163 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
164 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
165 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
167 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
175 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
178 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
181 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
184 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
187 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
189 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
190 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
193 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
204 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
207 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
209 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
215 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
216 unsigned long ul = 0;
223 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
229 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
239 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
240 unsigned long ul = 0;
247 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
253 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
260 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
268 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
270 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
271 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
273 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
276 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
280 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
288 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
290 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
291 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
293 if ((long) (int) l != l)
300 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
302 unsigned long long l;
308 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
310 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
311 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
317 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
325 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
327 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
328 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
334 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
341 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
346 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
347 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
353 /* Split a string into words. */
354 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
357 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
359 if (!*current || *c == 0)
362 current += strspn(current, separator);
363 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
366 return (char*) current;
369 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
370 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
371 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
373 bool escaped = false;
375 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
377 if (!*current || *c == 0)
380 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
382 if (*current == '\'') {
385 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
395 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
396 } else if (*current == '\"') {
399 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
409 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
411 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
416 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
423 return (char*) current;
426 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
428 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
441 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
446 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
447 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
451 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
452 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
453 * skip over it manually */
455 p = strrchr(line, ')');
467 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
470 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
475 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
476 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
484 p = "/proc/self/stat";
486 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
492 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
499 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
500 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
501 * skip over it manually */
503 p = strrchr(line, ')');
525 "%*d " /* priority */
527 "%*d " /* num_threads */
528 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
529 "%llu " /* starttime */,
536 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
541 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
547 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
550 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
554 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
561 p = "/proc/self/comm";
563 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
565 return read_one_line_file(p, name);
568 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
569 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
578 p = "/proc/self/cmdline";
580 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
586 if (max_length == 0) {
587 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
589 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
591 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
596 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
606 r = new(char, max_length);
612 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
634 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
641 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
642 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
651 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
655 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
666 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
678 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
683 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
687 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
690 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
695 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
697 _cleanup_free_ char *status = NULL;
705 p = "/proc/self/status";
707 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
709 r = read_full_file(p, &status, NULL);
713 t = strstr(status, "\nCapEff:\t");
717 for (t += strlen("\nCapEff:\t"); t[0] == '0'; t++)
723 *capeff = strndup(t, strchr(t, '\n') - t);
730 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
739 p = "/proc/self/exe";
741 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
743 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
747 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
754 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
755 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
765 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
770 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
775 if (startswith(l, field)) {
777 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
779 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
781 return parse_uid(l, uid);
788 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
789 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
792 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
793 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
794 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
797 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
805 return strndup(suffix, b);
814 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
817 r = new(char, a+b+1);
822 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
828 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
829 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
832 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
842 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
845 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
851 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
862 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
863 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
870 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
874 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
882 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
889 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
893 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
900 path_kill_slashes(*r);
905 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
908 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
909 struct sigaction sa = {
910 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
911 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
914 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
917 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
918 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
919 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
927 char *strstrip(char *s) {
930 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
931 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
933 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
935 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
936 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
944 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
947 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
949 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
961 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
968 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
974 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
981 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
982 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
985 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
986 return strdup(filename);
988 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
989 return strdup(filename);
991 k = strlen(filename);
992 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
995 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
996 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1001 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1010 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1011 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1017 /* Skip last component */
1018 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1021 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1022 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1028 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1031 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1040 if (errno != ENOENT)
1047 char hexchar(int x) {
1048 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1050 return table[x & 15];
1053 int unhexchar(char c) {
1055 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1058 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1059 return c - 'a' + 10;
1061 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1062 return c - 'A' + 10;
1067 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1071 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1075 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1076 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1077 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1084 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1090 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1094 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1097 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1099 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1103 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1110 char octchar(int x) {
1111 return '0' + (x & 7);
1114 int unoctchar(char c) {
1116 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1122 char decchar(int x) {
1123 return '0' + (x % 10);
1126 int undecchar(char c) {
1128 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1134 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1140 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1142 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1146 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1192 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1193 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1194 * g_strescape() does the same */
1195 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1197 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1198 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1199 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1210 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1217 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1219 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1221 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1226 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1228 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1271 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1276 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1279 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1280 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1282 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1283 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1287 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1302 /* octal encoding */
1305 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1306 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1307 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1309 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1310 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1314 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1322 /* premature end of string.*/
1327 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1339 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1340 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1343 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1346 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1349 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1353 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1354 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1357 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1361 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1363 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1364 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1367 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1368 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1378 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1384 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1385 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape(). We special
1386 * case the empty string. */
1391 r = new(char, strlen(s)*3 + 1);
1395 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1397 /* Escape everything that is not a-zA-Z0-9. We also
1398 * escape 0-9 if it's the first character */
1400 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1401 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1402 !(f > s && *f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1404 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1405 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1415 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1420 /* Special case for the empty string */
1424 r = new(char, strlen(f) + 1);
1428 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1433 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1434 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1435 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1438 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1450 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1455 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1456 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1457 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1462 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1466 filename[0] == '.' ||
1467 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1468 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1469 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1470 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1471 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1472 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1473 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1474 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1475 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1478 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1481 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1484 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1487 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1492 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1496 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1498 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1500 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1506 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1511 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1515 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1517 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1519 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1525 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1528 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1530 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1537 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1542 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1544 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1549 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1550 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1553 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1554 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1556 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1559 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1560 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1567 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1570 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1573 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1574 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1583 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1586 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1587 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1588 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1597 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1600 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1601 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1608 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1609 static const char table[] =
1619 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1623 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1625 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1631 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1635 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1638 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1641 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1647 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1648 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1650 char line[LINE_MAX];
1655 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1656 new_termios = old_termios;
1658 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1659 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1660 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1662 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1665 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1666 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1667 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1672 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1674 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1680 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1687 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1688 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1691 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1696 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1706 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1716 bool need_nl = true;
1719 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1726 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1730 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1733 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1734 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1745 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1750 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1754 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1755 struct termios termios;
1758 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1762 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1763 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1764 * interfere with that. */
1766 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1767 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1769 /* Switch to text mode */
1771 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1773 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1774 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1776 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1781 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1782 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1783 * else will do that for us */
1785 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1786 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1787 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1788 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1789 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1791 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1792 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1793 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1794 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1795 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1796 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1797 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1798 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1799 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1800 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1801 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1802 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1803 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1805 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1806 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1808 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1812 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1813 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1818 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1821 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1825 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1826 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1831 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1836 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1837 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1838 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1839 * retrying a couple of times.
1841 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1844 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1847 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1854 /* Max 1s in total */
1858 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1867 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1872 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1879 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1880 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1890 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1900 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1906 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1915 int acquire_terminal(
1919 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1922 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1927 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1928 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1929 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1931 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1932 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1933 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1934 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1935 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1936 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1937 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1938 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1940 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1941 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1943 if (!fail && !force) {
1944 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1950 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1958 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1959 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1960 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1964 r = flush_fd(notify);
1969 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1970 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1971 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1972 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1976 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1977 * if we already own the tty. */
1978 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1980 /* First, try to get the tty */
1981 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1984 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1986 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1987 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1988 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1989 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1992 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2001 assert(notify >= 0);
2004 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2006 struct inotify_event *e;
2008 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
2011 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2012 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2017 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2027 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2030 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2037 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2042 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2047 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2048 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2050 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2057 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2058 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2059 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2060 * an endless loop. */
2061 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2065 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2067 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2069 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2075 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2078 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2083 int release_terminal(void) {
2085 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2086 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2087 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2089 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2091 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2095 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2096 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2097 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2099 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2102 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2107 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2112 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2113 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2120 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2121 struct sigaction sa = {
2122 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2123 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2129 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2133 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2134 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2141 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2142 struct sigaction sa = {
2143 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2144 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2149 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2153 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2154 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2161 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2167 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2172 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2176 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2179 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2188 while (nbytes > 0) {
2191 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2193 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2196 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2197 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2202 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2206 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2209 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2210 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2215 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2226 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2235 while (nbytes > 0) {
2238 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2241 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2244 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2245 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2250 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2254 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2257 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2258 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2263 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2274 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2275 static const struct {
2277 unsigned long long factor;
2281 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2282 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2283 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2284 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2285 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2290 unsigned long long r = 0;
2302 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2313 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2315 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2316 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2317 unsigned long long tmp;
2318 if ((unsigned long long) l > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2320 tmp = l * table[i].factor;
2321 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2325 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2328 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2332 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2342 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2347 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2348 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2349 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2352 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2354 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2357 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2362 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2365 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2369 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2372 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2374 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2375 * sysfs or in /dev */
2378 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2379 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2382 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2383 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2392 union dirent_storage buf;
2394 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2401 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2406 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2407 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2424 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2425 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2429 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2433 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2434 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2440 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2443 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2446 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2447 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2448 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2449 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2450 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2451 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2454 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2456 if (program_invocation_name)
2457 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2459 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2463 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2465 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2469 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2474 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2481 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2482 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2486 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2489 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2491 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2492 return strdup(u.nodename);
2494 return strdup(u.sysname);
2497 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2500 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2502 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2505 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2508 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2509 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2511 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2513 return strdup("root");
2515 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2519 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2523 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2524 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2526 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2532 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2536 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2541 return lookup_uid(uid);
2544 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2551 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2554 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2555 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2560 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2566 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2574 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2578 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2582 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2584 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2591 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2592 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2593 char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
2594 unsigned long ttynr;
2602 fn = "/proc/self/stat";
2604 fn = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2606 f = fopen(fn, "re");
2610 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2611 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
2615 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2625 "%*d " /* session */
2630 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2637 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2639 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *s, *b, *p;
2644 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2648 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2650 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2656 /* This is an ugly hack */
2657 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2658 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2668 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2669 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2670 * vaguely useful. */
2683 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2685 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2703 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2709 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2710 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2714 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2716 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2721 union dirent_storage buf;
2722 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2726 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2727 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
2735 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2738 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2740 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2741 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2742 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2747 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2750 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2751 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2753 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2754 keep_around = false;
2760 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2761 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2764 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2765 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2766 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2767 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2772 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2773 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2777 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2778 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2782 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2784 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2785 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2796 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2799 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2800 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2803 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2808 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2809 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2813 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2814 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2816 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2817 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2818 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2822 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2825 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2831 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2832 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2833 * seriously broken system. */
2834 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2835 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2839 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2842 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2846 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2849 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2850 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2855 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2856 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2863 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2864 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2868 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2869 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2870 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2875 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2878 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2881 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2890 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2891 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2894 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2895 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2898 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2901 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2902 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2903 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2905 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2906 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2909 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2910 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2916 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2919 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2920 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2921 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2923 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2926 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2932 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2936 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2939 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2942 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2943 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2953 if (errno != EINVAL)
2960 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2961 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2962 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2963 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2964 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2966 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2970 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2971 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2973 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2976 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2989 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2995 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3003 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3004 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3007 if (!isempty(status)) {
3008 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3009 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3010 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3012 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3015 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3017 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3019 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3025 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3031 va_start(ap, format);
3032 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3038 int status_welcome(void) {
3040 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3042 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3043 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3044 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3046 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
3047 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3049 return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
3050 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3051 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
3052 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
3055 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3062 const char *e, *word = format;
3067 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3078 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3087 } else if (*e == '$') {
3088 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3104 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3106 k = strappend(r, t);
3120 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3131 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3133 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3135 l = strv_length(argv);
3137 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3140 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3142 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3143 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3148 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3151 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3162 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3171 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3179 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3180 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3190 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3191 struct winsize ws = {};
3193 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3202 unsigned columns(void) {
3206 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3207 return cached_columns;
3210 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3215 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3224 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3225 struct winsize ws = {};
3227 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3236 unsigned lines(void) {
3240 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3241 return cached_lines;
3244 e = getenv("LINES");
3249 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3255 return cached_lines;
3258 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3259 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3265 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3267 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3268 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3270 return cached_on_tty;
3273 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3274 struct stat a = {}, b = {};
3276 /* Only works as root */
3277 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3280 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3284 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3285 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3288 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3293 assert(percent <= 100);
3294 assert(new_length >= 3);
3296 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3297 return strndup(s, old_length);
3299 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3303 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3305 if (x > new_length - 3)
3313 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3314 new_length - x - 3);
3319 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3320 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3323 int touch(const char *path) {
3328 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3329 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3332 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3336 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3340 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3344 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3345 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3346 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3353 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3354 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3359 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3360 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3363 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3375 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3379 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3387 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3391 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3397 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3408 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3420 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3427 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3429 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3433 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3434 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3435 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3436 return status.si_status;
3439 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3442 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3443 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3445 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3449 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3453 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3455 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3456 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3464 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3467 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3470 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3476 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3481 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3484 return null_or_empty(&st);
3487 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3491 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3493 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3499 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3506 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3510 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3512 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3513 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3518 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3522 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
3523 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
3525 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3529 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
3535 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t);
3544 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3547 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3548 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3550 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3551 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3553 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3554 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3556 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3557 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3562 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3565 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3568 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3571 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3574 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3577 return streq(tty, "console");
3580 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3585 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3588 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3591 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3594 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3598 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3604 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3607 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3608 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3610 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3613 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3616 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3617 * /dev/console points to */
3618 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3627 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3628 char *active = NULL;
3633 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3636 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3637 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3648 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3651 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3654 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3657 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3660 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3661 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3662 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3668 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3671 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3672 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3673 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3676 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3679 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3682 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3685 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3689 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3690 * waits for them to finish. */
3693 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3695 if (errno == ENOENT)
3698 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3705 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3706 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3710 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3715 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3718 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3723 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3724 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3742 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3743 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3746 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3748 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3749 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3754 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3755 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3759 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3764 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3768 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3769 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3770 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3771 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3773 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3775 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3786 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3789 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3792 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3800 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3806 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3807 if (streq(i, needle))
3813 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3814 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3817 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3826 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3828 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3829 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3830 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3836 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3843 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3850 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3860 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3866 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3870 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3877 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3878 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3889 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3894 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3896 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3898 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3901 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3908 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3911 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3913 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3918 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
3925 return pollfd.revents;
3928 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
3939 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
3943 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
3947 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
3949 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
3955 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
3968 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
3971 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
3977 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
3980 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3984 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
3985 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3990 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
3994 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
3995 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
3996 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
3998 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4001 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4002 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4003 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4005 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4010 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4011 "\033[H" /* move home */
4012 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4014 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4019 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4022 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4029 /* Try to deallocate */
4030 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4034 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4035 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4043 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4045 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4050 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4051 "\033[H" /* move home */
4052 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4054 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4059 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
4065 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4069 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4071 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4079 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4083 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4094 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4096 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4098 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4106 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4107 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4117 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4119 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4122 unsigned long long ull;
4129 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4133 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4137 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4140 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4141 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4147 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4150 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4159 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4163 display[0] == ':' &&
4164 display[1] >= '0' &&
4168 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4175 if (!display_is_local(display))
4178 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4180 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4184 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4185 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4194 const char **username,
4195 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4197 const char **shell) {
4205 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4206 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4208 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4226 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4230 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4231 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4232 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4233 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4234 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4236 *username = p->pw_name;
4239 p = getpwnam(*username);
4243 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4255 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4260 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4265 return strdup("root");
4269 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4271 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4277 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4282 return strdup("root");
4286 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4288 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4294 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4300 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4301 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4303 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4304 *groupname = "root";
4312 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4317 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4320 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4324 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4332 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4334 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4336 if (getgid() == gid)
4339 if (getegid() == gid)
4342 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4343 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4345 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4347 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4351 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4358 int in_group(const char *name) {
4362 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4369 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4370 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4376 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4378 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4380 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4383 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4385 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4388 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4389 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4394 k = glob(optarg, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4396 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4398 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4400 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4401 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4403 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4404 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4412 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4418 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4421 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4425 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4426 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4427 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4428 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4429 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4430 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4431 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4437 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4441 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4447 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
4448 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
4459 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4467 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4468 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4477 union dirent_storage buf;
4480 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
4489 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4491 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4495 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
4499 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
4508 assert((unsigned) r < n);
4510 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
4534 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4548 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4553 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4577 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4591 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4592 static __thread int cached = 0;
4594 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4595 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4600 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4607 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4608 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4611 r = access(p, F_OK);
4619 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4620 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4623 r = access(p, F_OK);
4629 /* Get parent dev_t */
4630 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4633 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4639 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4645 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4646 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4649 r = access(p, F_OK);
4653 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4660 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4665 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4669 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4670 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4673 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4674 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4675 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4676 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4677 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4680 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4682 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4683 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4684 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4685 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4686 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4687 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4688 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4691 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4693 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4694 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4695 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4696 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4697 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4698 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4699 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4700 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4701 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4702 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4703 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4704 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4705 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4706 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4707 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4708 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4709 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4710 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4711 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4712 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4713 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4716 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4718 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4719 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4720 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4721 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4723 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4724 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4725 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4726 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4729 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4731 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4732 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4733 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4734 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4735 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4739 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4741 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4742 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4743 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4744 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4745 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4746 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4747 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4748 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4749 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4750 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4751 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4752 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4753 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4754 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4755 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4756 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4757 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4760 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4762 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4763 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4764 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4765 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4766 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4769 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4771 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4788 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4799 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4801 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4807 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4809 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4810 static __thread char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4813 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4817 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4818 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4820 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4825 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4830 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4834 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4838 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4839 signo = (int) u + offset;
4840 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4846 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4847 bool loaded = false;
4850 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4858 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4876 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4878 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4887 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4894 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4897 static const struct {
4901 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4902 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4903 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4904 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4905 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4909 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4911 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4914 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4915 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4922 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4930 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4943 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4945 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4947 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4949 l == sizeof(value) &&
4950 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4954 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4961 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4963 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4965 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
4967 l == sizeof(value) &&
4968 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4972 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4979 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
4980 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
4982 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
4990 parent_pid = getpid();
4992 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
4999 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5006 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5007 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5008 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5010 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5011 * to set the death signal */
5012 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5013 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5015 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5016 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5018 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5019 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5021 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5022 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5023 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5024 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5025 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5026 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5027 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5028 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5029 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5031 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5032 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5036 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5039 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5045 /* Count arguments */
5047 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5052 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5054 /* Fill in arguments */
5056 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5057 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5061 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5064 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5065 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5069 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5075 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5076 * to get as close as we can */
5077 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5079 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5080 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5082 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5088 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5089 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5101 path = "/proc/self/environ";
5103 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5105 f = fopen(path, "re");
5113 char line[LINE_MAX];
5116 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5120 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5130 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5131 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5145 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5148 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5151 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5154 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5157 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5160 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5166 bool in_initrd(void) {
5167 static __thread int saved = -1;
5173 /* We make two checks here:
5175 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5176 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5178 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5179 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5180 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5183 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5184 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5185 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5190 void warn_melody(void) {
5191 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5193 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5197 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5199 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5200 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5202 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5203 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5205 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5206 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5208 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5211 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5214 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5216 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5218 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5224 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5231 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5239 /* Take the user specified one */
5250 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5253 h = strdup("/root");
5261 /* Check the database... */
5265 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5267 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5270 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5278 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5292 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5298 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5303 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5304 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5307 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5315 * Check if a string contains control characters.
5316 * Spaces and tabs are not considered control characters.
5318 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5323 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5324 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ' && *t != '\t')
5330 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5335 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5338 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5341 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5342 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5345 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5351 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5352 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5353 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5362 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5363 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5366 else if (comparison > 0)
5374 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5376 static int cached_answer = -1;
5378 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5381 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5382 cached_answer = true;
5386 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5388 cached_answer = true;
5392 if(streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5393 cached_answer = true;
5397 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5398 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5399 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5401 cached_answer = true;
5405 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5409 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5410 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5414 return (bool) cached_answer;
5417 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5418 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5420 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5421 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5422 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5423 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5424 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5426 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5427 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5428 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5429 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5430 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5431 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5435 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5438 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5441 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5447 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5448 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5461 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5467 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5468 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5476 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5488 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5489 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5494 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5496 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5502 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5504 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5506 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5510 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5515 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5517 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5518 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5519 else if (*i == '\t')
5526 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5529 } else if (*i == '[') {
5530 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5535 state = STATE_OTHER;
5542 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5543 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5546 state = STATE_OTHER;
5548 } else if (*i == 'm')
5549 state = STATE_OTHER;
5571 int on_ac_power(void) {
5572 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5573 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5575 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5581 union dirent_storage buf;
5582 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5587 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
5594 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5597 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5599 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5605 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5607 if (errno == ENOENT)
5613 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5617 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5620 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5621 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5623 if (errno == ENOENT)
5629 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5633 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5636 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5637 found_online = true;
5639 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5640 found_offline = true;
5645 return found_online || !found_offline;
5648 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5655 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_uniq(search))
5658 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5659 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5662 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5672 if (errno != ENOENT)
5679 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5680 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5686 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5689 f = fopen(path, mode);
5698 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5702 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5705 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5706 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5708 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5711 f = fopen(path, mode);
5720 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5724 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5727 int create_tmp_dir(char template[], char** dir_name) {
5729 char *d = NULL, *dt;
5733 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0077) {
5734 d = mkdtemp(template);
5737 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", template);
5741 dt = strjoin(d, "/tmp", NULL);
5747 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0000) {
5748 r = mkdir(dt, 0777);
5751 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", dt);
5755 log_debug("Created temporary directory %s", dt);
5757 r = chmod(dt, 0777 | S_ISVTX);
5759 log_error("Failed to chmod %s: %m", dt);
5763 log_debug("Set sticky bit on %s", dt);
5777 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5784 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5791 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5796 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5805 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5815 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5829 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5837 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5841 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5848 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5852 if (*allocated >= need)
5855 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);
5865 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5871 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5873 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5876 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5877 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5878 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5882 } else if (l == 36) {
5884 /* Formatted UUID */
5886 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5889 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5893 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5894 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5895 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5906 void parse_user_at_host(char *arg, char **user, char **host) {
5911 *host = strchr(arg, '@');
5920 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
5935 a = strndup(s, x - s);
5939 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));