1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
67 #include "path-util.h"
68 #include "exit-status.h"
72 char **saved_argv = NULL;
74 size_t page_size(void) {
75 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
78 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
81 assert_se((r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)) > 0);
88 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
90 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
101 usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) {
104 assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0);
106 return timespec_load(&ts);
109 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts) {
112 ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
113 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
118 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_realtime(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u) {
127 delta = (int64_t) now(CLOCK_REALTIME) - (int64_t) u;
129 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
131 if ((int64_t) ts->monotonic > delta)
132 ts->monotonic -= delta;
140 usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) {
144 (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
145 (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
148 struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u) {
151 ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
152 ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC);
157 usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) {
161 (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
162 (usec_t) tv->tv_usec;
165 struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) {
168 tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
169 tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC);
174 bool endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
181 pl = strlen(postfix);
189 return memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) == 0;
192 bool startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
207 return memcmp(s, prefix, pl) == 0;
210 bool startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
226 for(i = 0; i < pl; ++i) {
227 if (tolower(s[i]) != tolower(prefix[i]))
234 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
249 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
253 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
256 int close_nointr(int fd) {
271 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
272 int saved_errno = errno;
274 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
277 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
282 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
285 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
286 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
289 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
292 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on"))
294 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off"))
300 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
301 unsigned long ul = 0;
308 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
313 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
323 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
324 unsigned long ul = 0;
331 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
336 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
343 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
351 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
353 if (!x || *x || errno)
354 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
356 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
359 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
363 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
371 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
373 if (!x || *x || errno)
374 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
376 if ((long) (int) l != l)
383 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
385 unsigned long long l;
391 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
393 if (!x || *x || errno)
394 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
400 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
408 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
410 if (!x || *x || errno)
411 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
417 /* Split a string into words. */
418 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
421 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
423 if (!*current || *c == 0)
426 current += strspn(current, separator);
427 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
430 return (char*) current;
433 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
434 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
435 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
437 bool escaped = false;
439 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
441 if (!*current || *c == 0)
444 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
446 if (*current == '\'') {
449 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
459 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
460 } else if (*current == '\"') {
463 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
473 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
475 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
480 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
487 return (char*) current;
490 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
493 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
499 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
502 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
505 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
506 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
513 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
514 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
515 * skip over it manually */
517 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
528 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
531 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
536 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
539 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
544 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
547 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
550 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
551 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
558 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
559 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
560 * skip over it manually */
562 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
583 "%*d " /* priority */
585 "%*d " /* num_threads */
586 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
587 "%llu " /* starttime */,
594 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) {
606 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
611 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
629 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
634 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
640 int write_one_line_file_atomic(const char *fn, const char *line) {
648 r = fopen_temporary(fn, &f, &p);
652 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
655 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
660 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
671 if (rename(p, fn) < 0)
687 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
690 char t[LINE_MAX], *c;
699 if (!fgets(t, sizeof(t), f)) {
725 int read_full_file(const char *fn, char **contents, size_t *size) {
732 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
735 if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0) {
741 if (st.st_size > 4*1024*1024) {
746 n = st.st_size > 0 ? st.st_size : LINE_MAX;
753 if (!(t = realloc(buf, n+1))) {
759 k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f);
774 if (n > 4*1024*1024) {
798 const char *separator, ...) {
801 char *contents = NULL, *p;
806 if ((r = read_full_file(fname, &contents, NULL)) < 0)
811 const char *key = NULL;
813 p += strspn(p, separator);
814 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
819 if (!strchr(COMMENTS, *p)) {
823 va_start(ap, separator);
824 while ((key = va_arg(ap, char *))) {
828 value = va_arg(ap, char **);
831 if (strncmp(p, key, n) != 0 ||
836 n = strcspn(p, separator);
839 strchr(QUOTES, p[0]) &&
841 v = strndup(p+1, n-2);
852 /* return empty value strings as NULL */
869 p += strcspn(p, separator);
888 if (!(f = fopen(fname, "re")))
892 char l[LINE_MAX], *p, *u;
895 if (!fgets(l, sizeof(l), f)) {
908 if (strchr(COMMENTS, *p))
911 if (!(u = normalize_env_assignment(p))) {
912 log_error("Out of memory");
917 t = strv_append(m, u);
921 log_error("Out of memory");
944 int write_env_file(const char *fname, char **l) {
949 r = fopen_temporary(fname, &f, &p);
953 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
969 if (rename(p, fname) < 0)
984 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
987 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
991 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
997 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/comm", name);
1000 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1003 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
1010 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
1017 assert(max_length > 0);
1021 f = fopen("/proc/self/cmdline", "re");
1024 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1034 r = new(char, max_length);
1042 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
1064 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
1065 memcpy(k, "...", n);
1072 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
1082 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
1086 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
1097 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
1107 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1116 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1120 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
1123 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
1128 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
1134 r = readlink_malloc("/proc/self/exe", name);
1137 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/exe", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1140 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
1147 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
1157 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/status", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1167 char line[LINE_MAX], *l;
1169 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
1179 if (startswith(l, "Uid:")) {
1181 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
1183 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
1185 r = parse_uid(l, uid);
1198 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
1206 return strndup(suffix, b);
1216 if (!(r = new(char, a+b+1)))
1220 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
1226 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
1227 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
1230 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
1240 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
1243 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
1249 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1260 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1267 if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
1270 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1280 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1287 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1291 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1298 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1303 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1306 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1307 struct sigaction sa;
1309 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1313 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
1314 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1316 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1317 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1318 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1319 if (errno != EINVAL)
1326 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1329 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1330 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1332 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1334 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1335 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1343 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1346 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1348 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1349 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1360 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
1366 for (i = s; *i; i++)
1367 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
1373 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1380 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1381 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1384 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1385 return strdup(filename);
1387 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1388 return strdup(filename);
1390 k = strlen(filename);
1391 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1394 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1395 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1400 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1409 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1410 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1416 /* Skip last component */
1417 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1420 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1421 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1427 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1430 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1439 if (errno != ENOENT)
1447 char hexchar(int x) {
1448 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1450 return table[x & 15];
1453 int unhexchar(char c) {
1455 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1458 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1459 return c - 'a' + 10;
1461 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1462 return c - 'A' + 10;
1467 char octchar(int x) {
1468 return '0' + (x & 7);
1471 int unoctchar(char c) {
1473 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1479 char decchar(int x) {
1480 return '0' + (x % 10);
1483 int undecchar(char c) {
1485 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1491 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1497 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1499 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1503 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1549 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1550 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1551 * g_strescape() does the same */
1552 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1554 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1555 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1556 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1567 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1573 /* Undoes C style string escaping */
1575 r = new(char, length+1);
1579 for (f = s, t = r; f < s + length; f++) {
1622 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1627 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1630 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1631 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1633 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1634 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1638 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1653 /* octal encoding */
1656 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1657 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1658 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1660 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1661 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1665 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1673 /* premature end of string.*/
1678 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1690 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1691 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1694 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1698 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1699 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1702 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4+1)))
1705 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1707 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1708 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1711 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1712 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1722 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1728 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1729 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1731 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1)))
1734 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1736 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1737 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1738 !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1740 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1741 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1751 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1756 if (!(r = strdup(f)))
1759 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1764 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1765 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1766 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1769 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1781 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1786 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1787 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1788 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1793 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1797 filename[0] == '.' ||
1798 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1799 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1800 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1801 endswith(filename, "~") ||
1802 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1803 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1804 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1805 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1806 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1807 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1810 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1815 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1819 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1821 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1823 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1829 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1834 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1838 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1840 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1842 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1848 static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1851 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1853 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1860 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1865 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1867 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1872 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1873 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1876 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1877 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1879 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1882 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1883 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1890 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1893 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1896 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1897 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1906 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1909 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1910 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1911 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1920 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1923 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1924 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1931 char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1941 sec = (time_t) (t / USEC_PER_SEC);
1943 if (strftime(buf, l, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", localtime_r(&sec, &tm)) <= 0)
1949 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1952 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
1954 if (t <= 0 || t > n || t + USEC_PER_DAY*7 <= t)
1959 if (d >= USEC_PER_YEAR)
1960 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu years and %llu months ago",
1961 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_YEAR),
1962 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_YEAR) / USEC_PER_MONTH));
1963 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MONTH)
1964 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu months and %llu days ago",
1965 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MONTH),
1966 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MONTH) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1967 else if (d >= USEC_PER_WEEK)
1968 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago",
1969 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_WEEK),
1970 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_WEEK) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1971 else if (d >= 2*USEC_PER_DAY)
1972 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_DAY));
1973 else if (d >= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1974 snprintf(buf, l, "1 day and %lluh ago",
1975 (unsigned long long) ((d - USEC_PER_DAY) / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1976 else if (d >= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1977 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh ago",
1978 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1979 else if (d >= USEC_PER_HOUR)
1980 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh %llumin ago",
1981 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR),
1982 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_HOUR) / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1983 else if (d >= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1984 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin ago",
1985 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1986 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1987 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin %llus ago",
1988 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE),
1989 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MINUTE) / USEC_PER_SEC));
1990 else if (d >= USEC_PER_SEC)
1991 snprintf(buf, l, "%llus ago",
1992 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_SEC));
1993 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MSEC)
1994 snprintf(buf, l, "%llums ago",
1995 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MSEC));
1997 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluus ago",
1998 (unsigned long long) d);
2000 snprintf(buf, l, "now");
2006 char *format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2007 static const struct {
2011 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2012 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2013 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2014 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2015 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2016 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2026 if (t == (usec_t) -1)
2030 snprintf(p, l, "0");
2035 /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */
2037 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
2041 if (t < table[i].usec)
2047 k = snprintf(p, l, "%s%llu%s", p > buf ? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].usec), table[i].suffix);
2048 n = MIN((size_t) k, l);
2061 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
2062 static const char * const table[] = {
2074 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2075 if (streq(table[i], fstype))
2084 if ((fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2089 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
2093 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0) {
2098 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
2101 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
2105 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2109 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
2110 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
2112 char line[LINE_MAX];
2117 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
2118 new_termios = old_termios;
2120 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
2121 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2122 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2124 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
2127 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
2128 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
2129 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2134 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
2136 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2142 *need_nl = c != '\n';
2149 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
2150 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
2153 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
2158 if (strlen(line) != 1)
2168 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
2175 on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
2181 bool need_nl = true;
2184 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
2191 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
2195 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
2198 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
2199 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
2210 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
2215 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
2219 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
2220 struct termios termios;
2223 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
2227 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
2228 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
2229 * interfere with that. */
2231 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
2232 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
2234 /* Switch to text mode */
2236 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
2238 /* Enable console unicode mode */
2239 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
2241 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
2246 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
2247 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
2248 * else will do that for us */
2250 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
2251 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
2252 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
2253 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
2254 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
2256 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
2257 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
2258 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
2259 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
2260 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
2261 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
2262 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
2263 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
2264 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
2265 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
2266 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
2267 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
2268 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
2270 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2271 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2273 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2277 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2278 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2283 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
2286 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2290 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2291 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2296 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2301 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2302 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2303 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2304 * retrying a couple of times.
2306 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2310 fd = open(name, mode);
2317 /* Max 1s in total */
2321 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2330 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2335 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2342 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2343 struct pollfd pollfd;
2347 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2354 if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) {
2365 if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) {
2370 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2381 int acquire_terminal(
2385 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2388 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r, wd = -1;
2390 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2394 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2395 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2396 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2398 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2399 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2400 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2401 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2402 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2403 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2404 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2405 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2407 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
2408 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2410 if (!fail && !force) {
2411 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2417 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2426 r = flush_fd(notify);
2431 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2432 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2433 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2434 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2438 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2439 * if we already own the tty. */
2441 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2442 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2443 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2445 /* First, try to get the tty */
2446 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2449 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2451 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2452 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2453 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2454 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2457 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2466 assert(notify >= 0);
2469 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2471 struct inotify_event *e;
2473 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
2476 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2477 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2482 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2492 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2495 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2502 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2507 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2512 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2513 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2515 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2522 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2523 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2524 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2525 * an endless loop. */
2526 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2530 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2532 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2534 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2540 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2543 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2548 int release_terminal(void) {
2550 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2552 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2555 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2556 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2559 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2560 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2561 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2563 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2566 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2568 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2572 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2577 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2578 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2585 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2586 struct sigaction sa;
2591 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2592 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2594 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2598 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2599 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2606 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2607 struct sigaction sa;
2612 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
2613 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2615 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2619 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2620 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2627 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2633 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2638 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2642 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2645 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2654 while (nbytes > 0) {
2657 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2659 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2662 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2663 struct pollfd pollfd;
2667 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2669 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2673 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2676 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2677 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2682 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2693 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2702 while (nbytes > 0) {
2705 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2708 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2711 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2712 struct pollfd pollfd;
2716 pollfd.events = POLLOUT;
2718 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2722 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2725 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2726 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2731 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2742 int parse_usec(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
2743 static const struct {
2747 { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC },
2748 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2749 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2750 { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2751 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2752 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2753 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2754 { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2755 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2756 { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2759 { "", USEC_PER_SEC }, /* default is sec */
2775 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2786 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2788 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2789 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2790 r += (usec_t) l * table[i].usec;
2791 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2795 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2805 int parse_nsec(const char *t, nsec_t *nsec) {
2806 static const struct {
2810 { "sec", NSEC_PER_SEC },
2811 { "s", NSEC_PER_SEC },
2812 { "min", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
2813 { "hr", NSEC_PER_HOUR },
2814 { "h", NSEC_PER_HOUR },
2815 { "d", NSEC_PER_DAY },
2816 { "w", NSEC_PER_WEEK },
2817 { "msec", NSEC_PER_MSEC },
2818 { "ms", NSEC_PER_MSEC },
2819 { "m", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
2820 { "usec", NSEC_PER_USEC },
2821 { "us", NSEC_PER_USEC },
2824 { "", 1ULL }, /* default is nsec */
2840 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2851 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2853 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2854 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2855 r += (nsec_t) l * table[i].nsec;
2856 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2860 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2870 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2871 static const struct {
2877 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2878 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2879 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2880 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2881 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2898 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2909 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2911 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2912 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2913 r += (off_t) l * table[i].factor;
2914 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2918 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2928 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2933 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2934 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2935 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2938 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2940 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2943 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2944 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2945 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2950 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2953 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2957 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2960 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2962 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2963 * sysfs or in /dev */
2966 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2967 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2970 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2973 struct dirent buf, *de;
2975 if (!(d = opendir(path)))
2979 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) > 0) {
2989 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name)) {
2999 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
3004 if ((fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
3007 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
3008 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3010 if (r != sizeof(ull))
3016 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
3019 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
3022 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
3023 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
3024 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
3025 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
3026 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
3027 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
3030 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
3032 if (program_invocation_name)
3033 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
3035 if (saved_argc > 0) {
3039 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
3041 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
3045 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
3050 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
3057 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
3058 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
3062 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
3065 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3067 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
3068 return strdup(u.nodename);
3070 return strdup(u.sysname);
3073 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
3076 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3078 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
3081 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
3085 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
3088 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
3093 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
3095 return strdup("root");
3097 if ((bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX)) <= 0)
3100 if (!(buf = malloc(bufsize)))
3103 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw) {
3104 name = strdup(pw->pw_name);
3111 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
3117 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
3118 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
3123 if ((k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path))) != 0)
3128 if (!(c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path)))
3135 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
3139 if ((k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s)) < 0)
3142 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
3144 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
3151 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
3153 char line[LINE_MAX], *p, *fn;
3154 unsigned long ttynr;
3157 if (asprintf(&fn, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) (pid <= 0 ? getpid() : pid)) < 0)
3160 f = fopen(fn, "re");
3165 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
3166 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
3173 p = strrchr(line, ')');
3183 "%*d " /* session */
3192 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
3194 char fn[PATH_MAX], *s, *b, *p;
3199 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
3203 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
3206 if ((k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s)) < 0) {
3211 /* This is an ugly hack */
3212 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
3213 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
3223 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
3224 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
3225 * vaguely useful. */
3227 if (!(b = strdup(fn + 5)))
3237 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
3239 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
3257 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3263 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
3264 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
3268 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3270 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
3274 struct dirent buf, *de;
3275 bool is_dir, keep_around;
3279 r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de);
3280 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
3288 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
3291 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
3293 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
3294 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3295 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3300 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3303 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3304 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3306 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3307 keep_around = false;
3313 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
3314 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
3317 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
3318 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3319 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
3320 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3325 r = rm_rf_children(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3326 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3330 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3331 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3335 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3337 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3338 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3349 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3354 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3355 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3359 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3360 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3363 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3364 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3365 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3366 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3370 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3373 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3379 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3380 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3381 * seriously broken system. */
3382 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3383 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3387 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3390 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
3394 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3397 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3398 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3399 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3404 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3405 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3412 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3413 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3417 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3418 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3419 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3420 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3425 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3428 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3431 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3440 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3441 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3444 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3445 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3448 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3451 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3452 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3453 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3455 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
3456 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3459 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3460 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3466 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3469 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3470 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3471 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3473 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3476 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3482 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3486 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3489 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3492 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3493 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3503 if (errno != EINVAL)
3510 void status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3512 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3514 struct iovec iovec[5];
3519 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3520 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3522 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3525 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3538 sl = status ? strlen(status_indent) : 0;
3544 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3554 if (!isempty(status)) {
3555 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3556 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3557 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3559 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3562 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3563 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3565 writev(fd, iovec, n);
3571 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3574 void status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, ...) {
3579 va_start(ap, format);
3580 status_vprintf(status, ellipse, format, ap);
3584 void status_welcome(void) {
3585 char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3586 const char *const_pretty = NULL, *const_color = NULL;
3589 if ((r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3590 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3591 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3595 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3598 if (!pretty_name && !const_pretty)
3599 const_pretty = "Linux";
3601 if (!ansi_color && !const_color)
3606 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3607 const_color ? const_color : ansi_color,
3608 const_pretty ? const_pretty : pretty_name);
3614 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3621 const char *e, *word = format;
3626 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3637 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3646 } else if (*e == '$') {
3647 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3663 if (!(t = strv_env_get_with_length(env, word+2, e-word-2)))
3666 if (!(k = strappend(r, t)))
3679 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3690 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3692 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3694 l = strv_length(argv);
3696 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3699 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3701 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3702 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3707 if ((e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1))) {
3709 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3720 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3729 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3737 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3738 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3748 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3752 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3761 unsigned columns(void) {
3762 static __thread int parsed_columns = 0;
3765 if (_likely_(parsed_columns > 0))
3766 return parsed_columns;
3768 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3770 parsed_columns = atoi(e);
3772 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3773 parsed_columns = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3775 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3776 parsed_columns = 80;
3778 return parsed_columns;
3781 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3785 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3794 unsigned lines(void) {
3795 static __thread int parsed_lines = 0;
3798 if (_likely_(parsed_lines > 0))
3799 return parsed_lines;
3801 e = getenv("LINES");
3803 parsed_lines = atoi(e);
3805 if (parsed_lines <= 0)
3806 parsed_lines = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3808 if (parsed_lines <= 0)
3811 return parsed_lines;
3814 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3820 /* Only works as root */
3822 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3825 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3829 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3830 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3833 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3838 assert(percent <= 100);
3839 assert(new_length >= 3);
3841 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3842 return strndup(s, old_length);
3844 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3848 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3850 if (x > new_length - 3)
3858 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3859 new_length - x - 3);
3864 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3865 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3868 int touch(const char *path) {
3873 if ((fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644)) < 0)
3876 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3880 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3888 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3889 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3894 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3895 char *name, *value, *p, *r;
3900 if (!(r = strdup(s)))
3906 if (!(name = strndup(s, p - s)))
3909 if (!(p = strdup(p+1))) {
3914 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3922 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", name, value) < 0)
3931 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3942 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3954 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3961 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0) {
3962 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3966 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3967 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3968 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3969 return status.si_status;
3972 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3975 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3976 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3978 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3982 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3987 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3989 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3990 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3998 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
4001 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
4004 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
4010 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
4015 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
4018 return null_or_empty(&st);
4021 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
4025 if ((nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags)) < 0)
4028 if (!(d = fdopendir(nfd))) {
4029 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
4036 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
4040 if ((signo = signal_from_string(s)) <= 0)
4041 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
4042 return signal_from_string(s+3);
4047 void dual_timestamp_serialize(FILE *f, const char *name, dual_timestamp *t) {
4053 if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(t))
4056 fprintf(f, "%s=%llu %llu\n",
4058 (unsigned long long) t->realtime,
4059 (unsigned long long) t->monotonic);
4062 void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value, dual_timestamp *t) {
4063 unsigned long long a, b;
4068 if (sscanf(value, "%lli %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
4069 log_debug("Failed to parse finish timestamp value %s", value);
4076 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
4080 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
4081 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
4083 if (startswith(p, "LABEL=")) {
4085 if (!(u = unquote(p+6, "\"\'")))
4088 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
4094 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-label/%s", t);
4103 if (startswith(p, "UUID=")) {
4105 if (!(u = unquote(p+5, "\"\'")))
4108 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
4114 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-uuid/%s", t);
4126 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
4129 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4132 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
4135 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
4138 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4141 return streq(tty, "console");
4144 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
4149 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4152 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
4155 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
4158 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
4162 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
4168 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
4169 char *active = NULL;
4174 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4177 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is
4178 * actually ours (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign
4179 * for container setups) */
4180 if (streq(tty, "console") && path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") <= 0)
4181 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active) >= 0) {
4182 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the
4183 * last one is what /dev/console points to */
4184 tty = strrchr(active, ' ');
4197 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4200 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
4203 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
4206 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
4209 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4210 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4211 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4217 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4220 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4223 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4226 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
4229 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4233 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4234 * until all they all finished. */
4237 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
4239 if (errno == ENOENT)
4242 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4249 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
4250 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
4254 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
4259 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4262 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
4263 log_error("Out of memory");
4267 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
4268 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4286 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4287 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4290 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
4292 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
4293 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
4298 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4299 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4304 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
4309 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
4313 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
4314 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status)) {
4315 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
4316 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
4318 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
4320 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
4331 hashmap_free_free(pids);
4334 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4337 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4345 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4351 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4352 if (streq(i, needle))
4358 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4359 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4362 void parse_syslog_priority(char **p, int *priority) {
4363 int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
4373 if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
4376 if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
4377 c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4379 } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
4380 b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4381 c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
4383 } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
4384 a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4385 b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
4386 c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
4391 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0)
4394 *priority = a*100+b*10+c;
4398 void skip_syslog_pid(char **buf) {
4410 p += strspn(p, "0123456789");
4420 void skip_syslog_date(char **buf) {
4428 LETTER, LETTER, LETTER,
4430 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4432 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4434 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4436 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4448 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(sequence); i++, p++) {
4453 switch (sequence[i]) {
4460 case SPACE_OR_NUMBER:
4467 if (*p < '0' || *p > '9')
4473 if (!(*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') &&
4474 !(*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z'))
4490 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4499 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4501 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4502 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4503 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4509 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4515 for (p = s; *p; p++)
4516 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4519 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4525 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s) {
4528 for (p = s, d = s; *p; p++)
4529 if ((*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
4530 (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') ||
4531 (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
4539 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4543 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4544 struct pollfd pollfd;
4549 pollfd.events = POLLIN|POLLHUP;
4551 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4558 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4561 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4562 struct pollfd pollfd;
4567 pollfd.events = event;
4569 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
4576 return pollfd.revents;
4579 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4590 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4594 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
4598 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
4600 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4606 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4619 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4622 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4628 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4631 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4635 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4636 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4641 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4645 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4646 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4647 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4649 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4652 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4653 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4654 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4656 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4661 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4662 "\033[H" /* move home */
4663 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4665 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4670 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4673 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4680 /* Try to deallocate */
4681 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4685 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4686 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4694 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4696 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4701 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4702 "\033[H" /* move home */
4703 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4705 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4710 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
4716 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4720 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4722 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4730 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4734 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4745 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4747 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4749 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4757 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4758 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4768 int symlink_or_copy(const char *from, const char *to) {
4769 char *pf = NULL, *pt = NULL;
4776 if (path_get_parent(from, &pf) < 0 ||
4777 path_get_parent(to, &pt) < 0) {
4782 if (stat(pf, &a) < 0 ||
4788 if (a.st_dev != b.st_dev) {
4792 return copy_file(from, to);
4795 if (symlink(from, to) < 0) {
4809 int symlink_or_copy_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4813 unsigned long long ull;
4820 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4824 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4828 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4831 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4832 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4838 r = symlink_or_copy(from, t);
4845 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4856 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4860 display[0] == ':' &&
4861 display[1] >= '0' &&
4865 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4872 if (!display_is_local(display))
4875 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4877 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4881 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4882 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4890 int get_user_creds(const char **username, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, const char **home) {
4897 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4898 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4900 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4914 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4918 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4919 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4920 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4921 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4922 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4924 *username = p->pw_name;
4927 p = getpwnam(*username);
4931 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4945 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4951 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4952 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4954 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4955 *groupname = "root";
4963 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4968 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4971 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4975 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4983 int in_group(const char *name) {
4985 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4987 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4991 if (getgid() == gid)
4994 if (getegid() == gid)
4997 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4998 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
5000 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
5002 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
5006 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
5013 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
5021 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
5023 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
5025 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
5028 r = !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
5030 r = errno ? -errno : -EIO;
5037 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
5043 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
5046 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
5050 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
5051 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
5052 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
5053 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
5054 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
5055 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
5056 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
5062 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
5066 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
5072 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5073 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
5084 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
5092 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
5093 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
5101 struct dirent buffer, *de;
5104 k = readdir_r(d, &buffer, &de);
5113 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
5115 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
5119 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
5123 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
5132 assert((unsigned) r < n);
5134 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
5158 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
5171 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5194 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5208 bool is_main_thread(void) {
5209 static __thread int cached = 0;
5211 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
5212 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
5217 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
5224 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
5225 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5228 r = access(p, F_OK);
5236 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
5237 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5240 r = access(p, F_OK);
5246 /* Get parent dev_t */
5247 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5250 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
5256 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
5262 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
5263 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
5266 r = access(p, F_OK);
5270 *ret = makedev(m, n);
5277 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
5282 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
5286 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
5287 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
5290 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
5291 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
5292 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
5293 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
5294 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
5297 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class, int);
5299 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
5300 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
5301 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
5302 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
5303 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
5304 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
5305 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
5308 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
5310 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
5311 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
5312 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
5313 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
5314 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
5315 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
5316 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
5317 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
5318 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
5319 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
5320 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
5321 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
5322 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5323 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5324 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5325 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5326 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5327 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5328 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5329 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5330 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5333 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility_unshifted, int);
5335 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5336 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5337 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5338 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5340 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5341 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5342 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5343 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5346 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level, int);
5348 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5349 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5350 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5351 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5352 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5356 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy, int);
5358 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
5359 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5360 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5361 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5362 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5363 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5364 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5365 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5366 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5367 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5368 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5369 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5370 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5371 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5372 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5373 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5374 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5377 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5379 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5380 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5381 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5382 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5383 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5386 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ip_tos, int);
5388 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5405 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5416 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5418 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5424 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5426 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5427 static __thread char buf[12];
5430 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5434 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5435 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5437 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "%d", signo);
5442 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5447 signo =__signal_from_string(s);
5451 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5455 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5456 signo = (int) u + offset;
5457 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5463 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5464 bool loaded = false;
5467 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5475 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
5493 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5495 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5504 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5511 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5514 static const struct {
5518 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5519 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5520 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5521 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5522 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5526 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5528 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5531 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5532 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5539 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5547 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5560 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5562 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5564 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5566 l == sizeof(value) &&
5567 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5571 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5578 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5580 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5582 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5584 l == sizeof(value) &&
5585 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5589 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5596 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5597 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5599 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5607 parent_pid = getpid();
5609 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5616 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5623 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5624 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5625 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5627 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5628 * to set the death signal */
5629 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5630 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5632 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5633 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5635 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5636 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5638 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5639 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5640 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5641 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5642 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5643 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5644 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5645 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5646 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5648 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5649 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5653 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5656 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5662 /* Count arguments */
5664 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5669 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5671 /* Fill in arguments */
5673 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5674 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5678 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5681 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5682 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5686 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5692 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5693 * to get as close as we can */
5694 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5696 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5697 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5699 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5705 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5706 char path[sizeof("/proc/")-1+10+sizeof("/environ")], *value = NULL;
5718 snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%lu/environ", (unsigned long) pid);
5721 f = fopen(path, "re");
5729 char line[LINE_MAX];
5732 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5736 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5746 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5747 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5767 int can_sleep(const char *type) {
5768 char *p, *w, *state;
5775 r = read_one_line_file("/sys/power/state", &p);
5777 return r == -ENOENT ? 0 : r;
5781 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(w, l, p, WHITESPACE, state) {
5782 if (l == k && strncmp(w, type, l) == 0) {
5792 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5795 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5798 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5801 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5804 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5807 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5813 bool in_initrd(void) {
5814 static int saved = -1;
5820 /* We make two checks here:
5822 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5823 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5825 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5826 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5827 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5830 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5831 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5832 (s.f_type == TMPFS_MAGIC || s.f_type == RAMFS_MAGIC);
5837 void warn_melody(void) {
5840 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5844 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. Bute well... */
5846 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5847 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5849 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5850 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5852 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5853 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5855 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5856 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5859 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5862 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5864 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5866 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5872 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));