1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
158 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
162 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
165 int close_nointr(int fd) {
172 else if (errno == EINTR)
174 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
175 * thing to do on Linux.
177 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
178 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
179 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
180 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
187 int safe_close(int fd) {
190 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
191 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
192 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
194 * fd = safe_close(fd);
200 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
201 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
202 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
203 * the fd was invalid at all... */
205 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
211 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
214 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
216 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
220 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
231 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
234 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
236 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
242 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
243 unsigned long ul = 0;
250 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
256 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
266 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
267 unsigned long ul = 0;
274 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
280 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
283 /* Some libc APIs use (uid_t) -1 as special placeholder */
284 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
287 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
288 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
295 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
303 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
305 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
306 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
308 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
311 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
315 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
323 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
325 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
326 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
328 if ((long) (int) l != l)
335 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
337 unsigned long long l;
343 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
345 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
346 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
352 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
360 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
362 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
363 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
369 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
376 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
381 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
382 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
388 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
389 bool escaped = false;
392 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
395 else if (s[n] == '\\')
397 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
403 /* Split a string into words. */
404 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted, char **state) {
407 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
409 if (!*current || *c == 0)
412 current += strspn(current, separator);
416 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
417 char quotechar = *(current++);
418 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, (char[]){quotechar, '\0'});
419 *state = current+*l+1;
421 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
424 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
428 return (char*) current;
431 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
433 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
445 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
446 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
450 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
451 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
452 * skip over it manually */
454 p = strrchr(line, ')');
466 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
469 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
474 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
476 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
482 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
483 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
487 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
488 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
489 * skip over it manually */
491 p = strrchr(line, ')');
513 "%*d " /* priority */
515 "%*d " /* num_threads */
516 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
517 "%llu " /* starttime */,
524 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
529 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
535 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
538 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
542 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
546 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
550 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
551 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
555 p = strrchr(line, ')');
561 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
564 return (unsigned char) state;
567 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
574 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
576 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
583 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
584 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
592 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
598 if (max_length == 0) {
599 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
601 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
603 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
608 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
618 r = new(char, max_length);
624 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
646 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
653 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
654 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
655 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
663 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
667 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
676 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
688 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
693 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
697 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
700 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
705 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
711 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
713 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
716 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
724 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
726 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
728 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
730 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
737 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
738 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
748 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
753 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
758 if (startswith(l, field)) {
760 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
762 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
764 return parse_uid(l, uid);
771 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
772 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
775 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
776 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
777 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
780 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
788 return strndup(suffix, b);
797 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
800 r = new(char, a+b+1);
805 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
811 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
812 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
815 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
830 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
837 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
848 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
849 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
852 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
853 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
860 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
864 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
872 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
879 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
883 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
890 path_kill_slashes(*r);
895 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
898 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
899 struct sigaction sa = {
900 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
901 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
904 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
907 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
908 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
909 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
917 char *strstrip(char *s) {
920 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
921 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
923 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
925 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
926 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
934 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
937 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
939 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
951 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
958 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
959 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
962 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
963 return strdup(filename);
965 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
966 return strdup(filename);
968 k = strlen(filename);
969 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
972 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
973 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
978 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
987 /* Skip trailing slashes */
988 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
994 /* Skip last component */
995 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
998 /* Skip trailing slashes */
999 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1005 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1008 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1017 if (errno != ENOENT)
1024 char hexchar(int x) {
1025 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1027 return table[x & 15];
1030 int unhexchar(char c) {
1032 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1035 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1036 return c - 'a' + 10;
1038 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1039 return c - 'A' + 10;
1044 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1048 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1052 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1053 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1054 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1061 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1067 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1071 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1074 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1076 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1080 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1087 char octchar(int x) {
1088 return '0' + (x & 7);
1091 int unoctchar(char c) {
1093 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1099 char decchar(int x) {
1100 return '0' + (x % 10);
1103 int undecchar(char c) {
1105 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1111 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1117 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1119 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1123 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1169 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1170 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1171 * g_strescape() does the same */
1172 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1174 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1175 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1176 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1187 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1194 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1196 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1198 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1203 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1205 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1248 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1253 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1256 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1257 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1259 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1260 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1264 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1279 /* octal encoding */
1282 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1283 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1284 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1286 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1287 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1291 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1299 /* premature end of string.*/
1304 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1316 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1317 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1320 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1323 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1326 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1330 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1331 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1334 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1338 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1340 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1341 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1344 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1345 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1355 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1360 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1361 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1362 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1367 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1371 filename[0] == '.' ||
1372 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1373 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1374 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1375 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1376 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1377 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1378 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1379 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1380 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1383 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1386 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1389 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1392 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1397 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1402 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1404 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1406 if (nflags == flags)
1409 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1415 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1420 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1425 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1427 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1429 if (nflags == flags)
1432 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1438 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1441 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1443 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1450 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1451 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1455 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1457 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1462 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1463 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1466 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1467 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1469 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1472 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1473 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1480 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1483 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1486 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1487 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1496 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1499 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1500 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1501 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1509 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1512 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1513 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1520 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1521 static const char table[] =
1535 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1539 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1543 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1545 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1551 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1555 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1558 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1561 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1567 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1568 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1569 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1574 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1575 new_termios = old_termios;
1577 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1578 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1579 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1581 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1584 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1585 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1586 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1591 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1593 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1599 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1606 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1607 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1612 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1613 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1617 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1627 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1637 bool need_nl = true;
1640 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1647 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1651 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1654 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1655 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1666 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1671 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1675 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1680 char line[LINE_MAX];
1684 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1691 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1696 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1697 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1699 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1718 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1719 struct termios termios;
1722 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1726 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1727 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1728 * interfere with that. */
1730 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1731 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1733 /* Switch to text mode */
1735 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1737 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1738 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1740 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1745 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1746 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1747 * else will do that for us */
1749 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1750 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1751 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1752 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1753 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1755 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1756 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1757 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1758 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1759 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1760 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1761 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1762 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1763 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1764 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1765 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1766 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1767 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1769 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1770 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1772 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1776 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1777 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1782 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1783 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1785 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1789 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1792 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1797 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1798 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1799 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1800 * retrying a couple of times.
1802 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1805 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1808 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1815 /* Max 1s in total */
1819 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1840 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1841 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1851 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1861 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1867 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1876 int acquire_terminal(
1880 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1883 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1888 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1889 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1890 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1892 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1893 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1894 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1895 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1896 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1897 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1898 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1899 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1901 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1902 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1904 if (!fail && !force) {
1905 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1911 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1919 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1920 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1921 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1925 r = flush_fd(notify);
1930 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1931 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1932 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1933 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1937 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1938 * if we already own the tty. */
1939 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1941 /* First, try to get the tty */
1942 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1945 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1947 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1948 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1949 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1950 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1953 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1962 assert(notify >= 0);
1965 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1967 struct inotify_event *e;
1969 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1972 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1973 if (ts + timeout < n) {
1978 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
1988 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
1991 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
1998 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2003 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2008 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2009 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2011 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2018 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2019 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2020 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2021 * an endless loop. */
2027 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2029 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2040 int release_terminal(void) {
2042 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2043 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2044 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2046 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2048 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2052 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2053 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2054 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2056 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2059 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2064 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2069 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2070 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2077 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2078 struct sigaction sa = {
2079 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2080 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2085 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2089 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2090 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2097 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2098 struct sigaction sa = {
2099 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2100 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2105 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2109 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2110 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2117 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2121 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2123 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2127 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2128 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2131 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2138 while (nbytes > 0) {
2141 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2142 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2145 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2147 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2148 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2151 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, (usec_t) -1);
2156 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2166 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2167 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2173 while (nbytes > 0) {
2176 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2177 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2180 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2182 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2183 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2186 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, (usec_t) -1);
2191 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2201 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2203 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2204 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2205 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2206 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2207 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2208 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2209 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2211 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2212 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2213 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2214 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2219 unsigned long long factor;
2222 static const struct table iec[] = {
2223 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2224 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2225 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2226 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2227 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2233 static const struct table si[] = {
2234 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2235 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2236 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2237 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2238 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2244 const struct table *table;
2246 unsigned long long r = 0;
2247 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2250 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2255 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2258 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2264 unsigned long long l2;
2270 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2283 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2286 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2287 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2289 if (errno == ERANGE)
2292 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2299 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2301 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2302 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2303 unsigned long long tmp;
2304 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2306 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2307 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2311 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2314 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2330 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2335 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2336 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2337 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2342 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2345 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2350 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2353 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2357 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2360 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2362 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2363 * sysfs or in /dev */
2366 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2367 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2370 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2371 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2382 if (!de && errno != 0)
2388 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2393 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2394 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2411 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2412 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2415 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2417 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2419 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2422 if ((size_t) k != n)
2428 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2429 static bool srand_called = false;
2433 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2437 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2438 * get a PRNG instead. */
2440 if (!srand_called) {
2443 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2444 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in
2445 * auxv, so let's try to make use of that to seed the
2446 * pseudo-random generator. It's better than
2451 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2453 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2456 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2457 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2460 srand_called = true;
2463 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2467 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2470 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2471 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2472 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2473 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2474 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2475 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2478 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2480 if (program_invocation_name)
2481 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2483 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2487 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2489 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2493 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2498 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2505 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2506 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2510 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2515 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2518 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2519 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2522 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2528 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2531 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2533 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2534 return strdup(u.nodename);
2536 return strdup(u.sysname);
2539 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2542 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2544 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2547 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2550 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2551 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2553 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2555 return strdup("root");
2557 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2561 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2565 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2566 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2568 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2574 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2578 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2583 return lookup_uid(uid);
2586 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2593 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2596 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2597 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2602 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2608 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2616 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2620 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2624 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2626 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2633 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2635 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2637 unsigned long ttynr;
2641 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2642 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2646 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2656 "%*d " /* session */
2661 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2670 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2671 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2672 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2679 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2683 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2685 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2691 /* This is an ugly hack */
2692 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2693 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2697 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2698 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2699 * vaguely useful. */
2705 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2707 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2725 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2726 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2731 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2732 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2738 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2743 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2750 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2755 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2758 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2760 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2761 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2762 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2767 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2770 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2771 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2773 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2774 keep_around = false;
2780 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2781 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2784 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2785 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2786 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2787 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2792 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2793 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2797 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2798 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2802 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2804 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2805 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2812 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2815 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2816 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2819 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2824 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2829 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2830 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2832 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2833 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2838 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2841 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2847 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2848 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2849 * seriously broken system. */
2850 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2851 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2855 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2858 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2862 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2865 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2866 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2871 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2872 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2879 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2884 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2885 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2891 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2894 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2897 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2906 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2907 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2910 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2911 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2914 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2917 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2918 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2919 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2921 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2922 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2925 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2926 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2932 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2935 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2936 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2937 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2939 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2940 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2943 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2944 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2950 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2954 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2957 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2960 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2961 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2971 if (errno != EINVAL)
2978 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2979 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2980 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2981 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2982 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2984 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2988 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2989 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2991 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2994 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3007 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3013 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3021 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3022 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3025 if (!isempty(status)) {
3026 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3027 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3028 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3030 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3033 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3035 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3037 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3043 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3049 va_start(ap, format);
3050 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3056 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3063 const char *e, *word = format;
3068 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3079 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3088 } else if (*e == '$') {
3089 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3105 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3107 k = strappend(r, t);
3121 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3132 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3134 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3136 l = strv_length(argv);
3138 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3141 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3143 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3144 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3149 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3152 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3163 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3172 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3180 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3181 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3191 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3192 struct winsize ws = {};
3194 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3203 unsigned columns(void) {
3207 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3208 return cached_columns;
3211 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3216 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3225 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3226 struct winsize ws = {};
3228 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3237 unsigned lines(void) {
3241 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3242 return cached_lines;
3245 e = getenv("LINES");
3250 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3256 return cached_lines;
3259 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3260 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3266 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3268 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3269 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3271 return cached_on_tty;
3274 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3277 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3280 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3283 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3284 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3287 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3290 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3297 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3302 assert(percent <= 100);
3303 assert(new_length >= 3);
3305 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3306 return strndup(s, old_length);
3308 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3312 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3314 if (x > new_length - 3)
3322 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3323 new_length - x - 3);
3328 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3332 unsigned k, len, len2;
3335 assert(percent <= 100);
3336 assert(new_length >= 3);
3338 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3339 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3340 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3342 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3343 return strndup(s, old_length);
3345 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3347 if (x > new_length - 3)
3351 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3354 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3357 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3360 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3363 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3366 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3367 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3370 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3374 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3376 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3378 /* make space for ellipsis */
3379 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3382 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3383 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3388 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3389 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3393 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3397 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3402 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3403 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3406 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3407 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3413 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3415 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3420 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3425 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1) {
3426 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3431 if (stamp != (usec_t) -1) {
3432 struct timespec ts[2];
3434 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3436 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3438 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3445 int touch(const char *path) {
3446 return touch_file(path, false, (usec_t) -1, (uid_t) -1, (gid_t) -1, 0);
3449 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3453 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3454 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3455 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3462 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3463 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3468 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3469 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3472 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3484 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3488 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3496 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3500 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3506 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3517 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3531 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3532 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3533 * failed for an unknown reason.
3534 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3537 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3538 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3540 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3547 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3549 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3553 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3554 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3555 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3556 return status.si_status;
3559 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3562 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3563 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3565 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3569 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3573 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3575 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3576 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3584 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3587 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3590 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3596 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3601 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3604 return null_or_empty(&st);
3607 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3611 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3613 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3626 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3630 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3632 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3633 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3638 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3639 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3642 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3646 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3647 t = new(char, enc_len);
3651 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3654 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3657 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3660 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3661 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3663 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3664 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3666 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3667 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3669 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3670 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3675 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3678 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3681 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3684 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3687 return streq(tty, "console");
3690 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3695 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3698 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3701 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3704 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3708 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3714 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3717 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3718 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3720 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3723 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3726 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3727 * /dev/console points to */
3728 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3734 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3737 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3738 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3740 tty = *active = tmp;
3747 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3748 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3752 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3755 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3756 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3761 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3764 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3767 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3770 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3773 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3776 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3777 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3778 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3784 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3787 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3788 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3789 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3792 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3795 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3798 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3804 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
3805 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
3807 executor_pid = fork();
3808 if (executor_pid < 0) {
3809 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3812 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
3813 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3814 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
3818 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
3819 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
3822 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3824 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
3825 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) == 0);
3827 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3830 d = _d = opendir(directory);
3832 if (errno == ENOENT)
3833 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3835 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3836 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3840 pids = hashmap_new(NULL, NULL);
3843 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3846 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3847 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3850 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3853 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
3856 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3861 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3863 } else if (pid == 0) {
3866 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3876 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3877 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3881 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
3883 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
3886 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3892 /* Abort execution of this process after the
3893 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
3894 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
3896 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
3897 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
3899 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3900 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3903 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3906 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
3909 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid);
3912 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3915 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid);
3918 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3921 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3929 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3935 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3936 if (streq(i, needle))
3942 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3943 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3946 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3955 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3957 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3958 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3959 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3965 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3972 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3979 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3989 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3995 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3999 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4006 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4007 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4018 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4023 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4025 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4028 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4029 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4038 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4039 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4041 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4046 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4053 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4056 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4058 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4066 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4073 return pollfd.revents;
4076 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4085 t = tempfn_xxxxxx(path);
4089 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4095 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4108 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4111 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4117 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4118 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4120 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4124 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4127 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4131 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4132 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4133 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4135 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4138 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4139 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4140 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4142 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4147 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4148 "\033[H" /* move home */
4149 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4156 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4159 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4166 /* Try to deallocate */
4167 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4171 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4180 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4182 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4187 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4188 "\033[H" /* move home */
4189 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4196 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4197 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4202 t = tempfn_random(to);
4206 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4209 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4217 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4218 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4222 t = tempfn_random(path);
4226 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4229 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4237 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4238 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4242 t = tempfn_random(path);
4246 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4249 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4257 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4261 display[0] == ':' &&
4262 display[1] >= '0' &&
4266 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4273 if (!display_is_local(display))
4276 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4278 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4282 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4283 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4292 const char **username,
4293 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4295 const char **shell) {
4303 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4304 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4306 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4324 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4328 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4329 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4330 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4331 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4332 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4334 *username = p->pw_name;
4337 p = getpwnam(*username);
4341 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4353 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4358 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4363 return strdup("root");
4367 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4369 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4375 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4380 return strdup("root");
4384 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4386 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4392 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4398 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4399 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4401 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4402 *groupname = "root";
4410 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4415 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4418 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4422 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4430 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4432 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4434 if (getgid() == gid)
4437 if (getegid() == gid)
4440 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4441 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4443 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4445 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4449 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4456 int in_group(const char *name) {
4460 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4467 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4468 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4474 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4476 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4478 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4481 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4483 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4486 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4487 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4492 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4494 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4496 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4498 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4499 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4501 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4502 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4510 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4516 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4519 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4523 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4524 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4525 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4526 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4527 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4528 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4529 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4535 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4536 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4537 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4538 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4542 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4543 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4555 if (!de && errno != 0)
4560 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4562 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4566 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4567 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4570 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4581 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4587 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4601 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4606 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4630 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4644 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4645 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4647 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4648 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4653 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4660 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4661 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4664 r = access(p, F_OK);
4672 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4673 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4676 r = access(p, F_OK);
4682 /* Get parent dev_t */
4683 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4686 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4692 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4698 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4699 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4702 r = access(p, F_OK);
4706 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4713 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4718 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4722 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4723 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4726 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4727 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4728 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4729 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4730 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4733 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4735 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4736 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4737 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4738 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4739 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4740 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4741 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4744 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4746 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4747 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4748 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4749 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4750 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4751 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4752 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4753 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4754 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4755 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4756 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4757 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4758 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4759 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4760 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4761 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4762 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4763 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4764 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4765 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4766 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4769 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4771 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4772 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4773 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4774 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4776 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4777 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4778 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4779 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4782 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4784 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4785 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4786 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4787 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4788 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4792 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4794 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4795 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4796 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4797 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4798 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4799 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4800 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4801 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4802 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4803 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4804 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4805 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4806 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4807 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4808 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4809 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4810 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4813 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4815 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4816 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4817 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4818 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4819 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4822 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4824 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4841 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4852 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4854 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4860 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4862 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4863 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4866 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4870 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4871 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4873 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4878 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4883 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4887 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4891 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4892 signo = (int) u + offset;
4893 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4899 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4900 bool loaded = false;
4903 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4911 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4929 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4931 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4940 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4947 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4950 static const struct {
4954 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4955 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4956 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4957 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4958 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4962 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4964 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4967 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4968 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4975 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4983 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4996 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4998 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5000 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5001 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5004 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5007 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5008 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5014 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5016 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5018 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5019 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5022 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5025 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5026 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5031 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5032 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5034 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5042 parent_pid = getpid();
5044 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5051 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5058 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5059 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5060 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5062 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5063 * to set the death signal */
5064 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5065 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5067 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5068 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5070 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5071 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5073 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5074 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5075 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5076 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5077 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5078 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5079 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5080 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5081 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5083 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5084 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5088 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5091 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5097 /* Count arguments */
5099 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5104 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5106 /* Fill in arguments */
5108 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5109 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5113 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5116 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5117 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5121 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5127 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5128 * to get as close as we can */
5129 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5131 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5132 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5134 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5140 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5141 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5152 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5154 f = fopen(path, "re");
5162 char line[LINE_MAX];
5165 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5169 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5179 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5180 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5194 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5197 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5200 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5203 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5206 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5209 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5215 bool in_initrd(void) {
5216 static int saved = -1;
5222 /* We make two checks here:
5224 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5225 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5227 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5228 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5229 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5232 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5233 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5234 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5239 void warn_melody(void) {
5240 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5242 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5246 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5248 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5249 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5251 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5252 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5254 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5255 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5257 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5260 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5263 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5265 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5267 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5273 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5280 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5288 /* Take the user specified one */
5289 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5290 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5299 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5302 h = strdup("/root");
5310 /* Check the database... */
5314 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5316 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5319 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5327 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5335 /* Take the user specified one */
5336 e = getenv("SHELL");
5346 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5349 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5357 /* Check the database... */
5361 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5363 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5366 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5374 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5388 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5394 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5400 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5401 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5404 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5412 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5413 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5415 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5420 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5421 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5424 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5434 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5439 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5442 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5445 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5446 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5449 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5455 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5456 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5457 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5466 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5467 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5470 else if (comparison > 0)
5478 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5480 static int cached_answer = -1;
5482 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5485 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5486 cached_answer = true;
5490 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5492 cached_answer = true;
5496 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5497 cached_answer = true;
5501 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5502 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5503 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5505 cached_answer = true;
5509 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5513 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5514 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5518 return (bool) cached_answer;
5521 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5522 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5525 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5526 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5527 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5528 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5529 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5530 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5531 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5532 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5535 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5536 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5537 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5538 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5539 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5540 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5541 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5542 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5547 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5550 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5553 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5559 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5560 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5573 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5579 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5580 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5588 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5600 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5601 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5606 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5608 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5614 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5616 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5618 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5622 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5627 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5629 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5630 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5631 else if (*i == '\t')
5638 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5641 } else if (*i == '[') {
5642 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5647 state = STATE_OTHER;
5654 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5655 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5658 state = STATE_OTHER;
5660 } else if (*i == 'm')
5661 state = STATE_OTHER;
5683 int on_ac_power(void) {
5684 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5685 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5687 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5693 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5699 if (!de && errno != 0)
5705 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5708 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5710 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5716 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5718 if (errno == ENOENT)
5724 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5728 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5732 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5734 if (errno == ENOENT)
5740 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5744 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5747 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5748 found_online = true;
5750 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5751 found_offline = true;
5756 return found_online || !found_offline;
5759 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5766 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5769 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5770 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5774 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5776 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5786 if (errno != ENOENT)
5793 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5794 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5800 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5803 f = fopen(path, mode);
5812 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5816 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
5819 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5820 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5822 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5825 f = fopen(path, mode);
5834 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5838 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
5841 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5848 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5855 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5860 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5869 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5879 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5893 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5901 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5905 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5912 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
5919 if (*allocated >= need)
5922 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
5923 a = newalloc * size;
5925 /* check for overflows */
5926 if (a < size * need)
5934 *allocated = newalloc;
5938 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
5947 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
5951 if (*allocated > prev)
5952 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
5957 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5963 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5965 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5968 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5969 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5970 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5974 } else if (l == 36) {
5976 /* Formatted UUID */
5978 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5981 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5985 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5986 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5987 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5998 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6013 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6017 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6029 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6030 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6035 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6038 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
6043 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
6051 e = startswith(n, "systemd.restore_state=");
6055 k = parse_boolean(e);
6063 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6066 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
6067 char *buf = NULL, *p;
6070 r = read_full_file("/proc/1/cmdline", &buf, &sz);
6074 for (p = buf; p + 1 < buf + sz; p++)
6083 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6090 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6091 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6098 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6100 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
6104 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
6105 char word[l+1], *value;
6110 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6112 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6115 value = strchr(word, '=');
6119 r = parse_item(word, value);
6127 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6128 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6136 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6137 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6145 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6148 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6158 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6159 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6167 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6168 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6176 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6177 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6185 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6186 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6194 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6195 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6201 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6204 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6207 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6212 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6217 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6220 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6224 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6228 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6232 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6235 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6239 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6242 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6245 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6251 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6252 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6257 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6260 return errno != ESRCH;
6263 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6266 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6271 r = get_process_state(pid);
6272 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6278 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6279 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6286 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6290 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6293 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6294 * to namespacing issues */
6302 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6314 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6318 if (errno != ERANGE)
6325 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6341 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6342 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6343 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6350 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6357 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6364 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6365 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6370 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6371 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6373 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6381 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6384 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6387 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6388 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6390 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6391 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6393 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6394 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6399 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6401 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6402 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6403 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6404 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6405 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6406 * used by libseccomp. */
6408 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6410 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6413 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6416 #elif defined(__i386__)
6418 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6422 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6423 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6424 * as error indicator. */
6425 return 0xffffffffUL;
6428 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6430 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6432 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6438 #elif defined(__i386__)
6447 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6450 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6451 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6453 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6456 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6459 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6461 struct mntent me = {
6462 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6467 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6473 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6476 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6477 const uint8_t *b = p;
6480 assert(s == 0 || b);
6485 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6487 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6492 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6500 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6505 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6519 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6524 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6526 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6527 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6529 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6534 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6538 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6539 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6540 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6543 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6548 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6549 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6553 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6556 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6557 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6558 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6559 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6560 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6561 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6562 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6563 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6564 "- " /* (8) separator */
6565 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6566 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6567 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6568 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6577 p = cunescape(path);
6581 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6584 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6600 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6601 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6602 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6605 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6606 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6607 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6608 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6609 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6610 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6611 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6612 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6613 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6614 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6615 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6616 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6617 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6619 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6623 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6625 done = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
6630 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6631 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6632 bool top_autofs = false;
6635 todo = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
6639 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6640 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6644 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6647 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6648 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6649 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6650 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6651 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6652 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6653 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6654 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6655 "- " /* (8) separator */
6656 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6657 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6658 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6659 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6669 p = cunescape(path);
6673 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6674 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6675 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6676 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6677 * already triggered, then we will find
6678 * another entry for this. */
6679 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6680 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6684 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6685 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6687 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6697 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6698 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6700 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6701 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6704 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6705 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6706 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6707 * mount, make it one. */
6708 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6711 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6714 x = strdup(cleaned);
6718 r = set_consume(done, x);
6723 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6725 r = set_consume(done, x);
6731 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6733 /* Deal with mount points that are
6734 * obstructed by a later mount */
6736 if (errno != ENOENT)
6744 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6751 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6756 char *tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p) {
6763 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 6 + 1);
6770 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn), "XXXXXX");
6775 char *tempfn_random(const char *p) {
6784 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 16 + 1);
6791 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn);
6794 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6795 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
6804 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
6805 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
6808 /* This tries to identify local hostnames described in RFC6761
6809 * plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
6811 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
6812 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
6813 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
6814 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
6815 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
6816 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
6819 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
6821 struct flock flock = {
6823 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
6831 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
6832 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
6833 * our own trivial version of this.
6835 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
6836 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
6837 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
6838 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
6839 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
6842 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
6844 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
6846 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
6850 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);