1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <linux/magic.h>
61 #include <sys/personality.h>
65 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
76 #include "path-util.h"
77 #include "exit-status.h"
81 #include "device-nodes.h"
88 char **saved_argv = NULL;
90 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
91 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
93 size_t page_size(void) {
94 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
97 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
100 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
107 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
109 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
120 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
127 pl = strlen(postfix);
130 return (char*) s + sl;
135 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
138 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
141 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
156 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
160 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
163 int close_nointr(int fd) {
170 else if (errno == EINTR)
172 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
173 * thing to do on Linux.
175 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
176 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
177 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
178 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
185 int safe_close(int fd) {
188 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
189 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
190 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
192 * fd = safe_close(fd);
198 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
199 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
200 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
201 * the fd was invalid at all... */
203 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
209 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
212 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
214 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
218 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
229 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
232 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
234 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
240 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
241 unsigned long ul = 0;
248 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
254 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
264 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
265 unsigned long ul = 0;
272 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
278 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
285 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
293 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
295 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
296 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
298 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
301 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
305 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
313 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
315 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
316 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
318 if ((long) (int) l != l)
325 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
327 unsigned long long l;
333 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
335 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
336 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
342 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
350 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
352 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
353 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
359 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
366 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
371 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
372 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
378 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
379 bool escaped = false;
382 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
385 else if (s[n] == '\\')
387 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
393 /* Split a string into words. */
394 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted, char **state) {
397 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
399 if (!*current || *c == 0)
402 current += strspn(current, separator);
406 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
407 char quotechar = *(current++);
408 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, (char[]){quotechar, '\0'});
409 *state = current+*l+1;
411 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
414 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
418 return (char*) current;
421 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
423 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
435 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
436 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
440 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
441 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
442 * skip over it manually */
444 p = strrchr(line, ')');
456 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
459 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
464 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
466 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
472 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
473 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
477 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
478 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
479 * skip over it manually */
481 p = strrchr(line, ')');
503 "%*d " /* priority */
505 "%*d " /* num_threads */
506 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
507 "%llu " /* starttime */,
514 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
519 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
525 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
528 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
532 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
536 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
540 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
541 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
545 p = strrchr(line, ')');
551 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
554 return (unsigned char) state;
557 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
564 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
566 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
573 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
574 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
582 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
588 if (max_length == 0) {
589 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
591 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
593 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
598 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
608 r = new(char, max_length);
614 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
636 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
643 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
644 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
645 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
653 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
657 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
666 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
678 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
683 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
687 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
690 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
695 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
701 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
703 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
706 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
714 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
716 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
718 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
720 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
727 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
728 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
738 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
743 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
748 if (startswith(l, field)) {
750 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
752 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
754 return parse_uid(l, uid);
761 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
762 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
765 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
766 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
767 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
770 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
778 return strndup(suffix, b);
787 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
790 r = new(char, a+b+1);
795 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
801 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
802 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
805 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
820 n = readlink(p, c, l-1);
827 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
838 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
839 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
846 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
850 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
858 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
865 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
869 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
876 path_kill_slashes(*r);
881 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
884 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
885 struct sigaction sa = {
886 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
887 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
890 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
893 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
894 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
895 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
903 char *strstrip(char *s) {
906 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
907 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
909 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
911 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
912 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
920 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
923 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
925 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
937 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
944 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
945 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
948 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
949 return strdup(filename);
951 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
952 return strdup(filename);
954 k = strlen(filename);
955 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
958 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
959 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
964 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
973 /* Skip trailing slashes */
974 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
980 /* Skip last component */
981 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
984 /* Skip trailing slashes */
985 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
991 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
994 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1003 if (errno != ENOENT)
1010 char hexchar(int x) {
1011 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1013 return table[x & 15];
1016 int unhexchar(char c) {
1018 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1021 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1022 return c - 'a' + 10;
1024 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1025 return c - 'A' + 10;
1030 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1034 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1038 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1039 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1040 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1047 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1053 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1057 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1060 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1062 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1066 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1073 char octchar(int x) {
1074 return '0' + (x & 7);
1077 int unoctchar(char c) {
1079 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1085 char decchar(int x) {
1086 return '0' + (x % 10);
1089 int undecchar(char c) {
1091 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1097 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1103 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1105 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1109 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1155 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1156 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1157 * g_strescape() does the same */
1158 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1160 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1161 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1162 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1173 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1180 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1182 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1184 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1189 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1191 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1234 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1239 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1242 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1243 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1245 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1246 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1250 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1265 /* octal encoding */
1268 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1269 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1270 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1272 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1273 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1277 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1285 /* premature end of string.*/
1290 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1302 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1303 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1306 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1309 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1312 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1316 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1317 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1320 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1324 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1326 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1327 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1330 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1331 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1341 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1346 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1347 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1348 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1353 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1357 filename[0] == '.' ||
1358 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1359 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1360 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1361 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1362 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1363 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1364 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1365 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1366 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1369 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1372 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1375 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1378 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1383 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1387 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1389 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1391 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1397 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1402 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1406 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1408 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1410 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1416 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1419 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1421 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1428 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1433 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1435 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1440 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1441 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1444 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1445 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1447 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1450 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1451 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1458 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1461 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1464 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1465 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1474 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1477 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1478 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1479 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1488 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1491 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1492 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1499 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1500 static const char table[] =
1513 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1517 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1521 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1523 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1529 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1533 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1536 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1539 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1545 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1546 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1548 char line[LINE_MAX];
1553 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1554 new_termios = old_termios;
1556 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1557 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1558 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1560 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1563 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1564 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1565 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1570 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1572 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1578 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1585 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1586 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1589 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1594 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1604 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1614 bool need_nl = true;
1617 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1624 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1628 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1631 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1632 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1643 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1648 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1652 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1653 struct termios termios;
1656 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1660 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1661 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1662 * interfere with that. */
1664 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1665 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1667 /* Switch to text mode */
1669 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1671 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1672 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1674 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1679 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1680 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1681 * else will do that for us */
1683 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1684 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1685 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1686 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1687 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1689 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1690 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1691 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1692 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1693 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1694 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1695 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1696 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1697 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1698 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1699 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1700 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1701 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1703 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1704 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1706 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1710 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1711 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1716 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1717 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1719 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1723 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1726 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1731 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1732 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1733 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1734 * retrying a couple of times.
1736 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1739 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1742 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1749 /* Max 1s in total */
1753 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1774 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1775 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1785 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1795 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1801 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1810 int acquire_terminal(
1814 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1817 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1822 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1823 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1824 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1826 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1827 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1828 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1829 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1830 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1831 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1832 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1833 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1835 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1836 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1838 if (!fail && !force) {
1839 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1845 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1853 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1854 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1855 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1859 r = flush_fd(notify);
1864 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1865 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1866 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1867 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1871 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1872 * if we already own the tty. */
1873 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1875 /* First, try to get the tty */
1876 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1879 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1881 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1882 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1883 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1884 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1887 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1896 assert(notify >= 0);
1899 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1901 struct inotify_event *e;
1903 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1906 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1907 if (ts + timeout < n) {
1912 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
1922 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
1925 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
1932 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
1937 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
1942 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
1943 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
1945 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
1952 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
1953 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
1954 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
1955 * an endless loop. */
1961 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1963 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
1974 int release_terminal(void) {
1976 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1977 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1978 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1980 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1982 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
1986 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1987 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
1988 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1990 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
1993 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1998 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2003 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2004 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2011 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2012 struct sigaction sa = {
2013 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2014 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2020 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2024 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2025 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2032 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2033 struct sigaction sa = {
2034 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2035 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2040 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2044 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2045 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2052 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2056 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2058 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2062 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2063 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2066 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2073 while (nbytes > 0) {
2076 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2077 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2080 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2082 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2083 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2086 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, (usec_t) -1);
2091 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2101 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2102 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2108 while (nbytes > 0) {
2111 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2112 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2115 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2117 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2118 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2121 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, (usec_t) -1);
2126 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2136 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2138 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2139 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2140 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2141 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2142 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2143 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2144 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2146 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2147 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2148 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2149 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2154 unsigned long long factor;
2157 static const struct table iec[] = {
2158 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2159 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2160 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2161 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2162 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2168 static const struct table si[] = {
2169 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2170 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2171 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2172 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2173 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2179 const struct table *table;
2181 unsigned long long r = 0;
2182 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2185 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2190 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2193 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2199 unsigned long long l2;
2205 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2218 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2221 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2222 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2224 if (errno == ERANGE)
2227 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2234 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2236 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2237 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2238 unsigned long long tmp;
2239 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2241 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2242 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2246 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2249 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2265 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2270 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2271 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2272 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2277 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2280 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2285 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2288 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2292 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2295 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2297 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2298 * sysfs or in /dev */
2301 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2302 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2305 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2306 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2317 if (!de && errno != 0)
2323 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2328 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2329 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2346 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2347 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2350 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2352 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2354 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2357 if ((size_t) k != n)
2363 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2364 static bool srand_called = false;
2368 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2372 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2373 * get a PRNG instead. */
2375 if (!srand_called) {
2378 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2379 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in
2380 * auxv, so let's try to make use of that to seed the
2381 * pseudo-random generator. It's better than
2386 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2388 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2391 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2392 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2395 srand_called = true;
2398 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2402 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2405 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2406 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2407 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2408 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2409 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2410 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2413 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2415 if (program_invocation_name)
2416 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2418 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2422 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2424 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2428 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2433 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2440 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2441 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2445 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2448 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2450 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2451 return strdup(u.nodename);
2453 return strdup(u.sysname);
2456 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2459 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2461 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2464 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2467 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2468 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2470 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2472 return strdup("root");
2474 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2478 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2482 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2483 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2485 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2491 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2495 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2500 return lookup_uid(uid);
2503 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2510 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2513 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2514 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2519 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2525 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2533 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2537 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2541 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2543 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2550 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2552 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2554 unsigned long ttynr;
2558 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2559 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2563 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2573 "%*d " /* session */
2578 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2587 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2588 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2589 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2596 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2600 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2602 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2608 /* This is an ugly hack */
2609 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2610 asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr));
2614 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2615 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2616 * vaguely useful. */
2622 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2624 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2642 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2648 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2649 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2655 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2660 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2666 if (!de && errno != 0) {
2675 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2678 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2680 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2681 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2682 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2687 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2690 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2691 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2693 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2694 keep_around = false;
2700 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2701 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2704 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2705 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2706 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2707 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2712 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2713 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2717 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2718 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2722 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2724 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2725 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2736 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2739 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2740 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2743 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2748 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2753 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2754 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2756 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2757 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2762 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2765 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2771 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2772 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2773 * seriously broken system. */
2774 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2775 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2779 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2782 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2786 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2789 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2790 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2795 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2796 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2803 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2808 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2809 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2815 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2818 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2821 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2830 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2831 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2834 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2835 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2838 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2841 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2842 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2843 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2845 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2846 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2849 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2850 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2856 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2859 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2860 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2861 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2863 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2864 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2867 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2868 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2874 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2878 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2881 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2884 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2885 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2895 if (errno != EINVAL)
2902 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2903 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2904 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2905 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2906 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2908 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2912 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2913 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2915 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2918 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2931 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2937 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
2945 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
2946 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
2949 if (!isempty(status)) {
2950 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
2951 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
2952 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
2954 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
2957 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
2959 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
2961 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
2967 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
2973 va_start(ap, format);
2974 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
2980 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
2987 const char *e, *word = format;
2992 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3003 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3012 } else if (*e == '$') {
3013 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3029 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3031 k = strappend(r, t);
3045 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3056 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3058 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3060 l = strv_length(argv);
3062 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3065 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3067 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3068 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3073 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3076 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3087 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3096 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3104 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3105 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3115 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3116 struct winsize ws = {};
3118 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3127 unsigned columns(void) {
3131 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3132 return cached_columns;
3135 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3140 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3149 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3150 struct winsize ws = {};
3152 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3161 unsigned lines(void) {
3165 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3166 return cached_lines;
3169 e = getenv("LINES");
3174 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3180 return cached_lines;
3183 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3184 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3190 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3192 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3193 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3195 return cached_on_tty;
3198 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3201 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3204 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3207 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3208 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3211 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3214 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3221 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3226 assert(percent <= 100);
3227 assert(new_length >= 3);
3229 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3230 return strndup(s, old_length);
3232 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3236 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3238 if (x > new_length - 3)
3246 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3247 new_length - x - 3);
3252 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3256 unsigned k, len, len2;
3259 assert(percent <= 100);
3260 assert(new_length >= 3);
3262 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3263 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3264 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3266 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3267 return strndup(s, old_length);
3269 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3271 if (x > new_length - 3)
3275 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3278 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3281 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3284 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3287 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3290 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3291 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3294 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3298 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3300 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3302 /* make space for ellipsis */
3303 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3306 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3307 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3312 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3313 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3317 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3321 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3326 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3327 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3330 int touch(const char *path) {
3331 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3335 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3336 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3339 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3346 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3350 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3351 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3352 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3359 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3360 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3365 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3366 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3369 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3381 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3385 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3393 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3397 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3403 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3414 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3426 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3433 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3435 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3439 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3440 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3441 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3442 return status.si_status;
3445 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3448 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3449 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3451 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3455 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3459 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3461 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3462 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3470 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3473 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3476 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3482 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3487 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3490 return null_or_empty(&st);
3493 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3497 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3499 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3512 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3516 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3518 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3519 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3524 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3525 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3528 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3532 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3533 t = new(char, enc_len);
3537 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3540 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3543 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3546 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3547 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3549 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3550 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3552 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3553 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3555 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3556 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3561 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3564 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3567 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3570 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3573 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3576 return streq(tty, "console");
3579 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3584 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3587 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3590 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3593 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3597 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3603 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3606 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3607 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3609 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3612 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3615 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3616 * /dev/console points to */
3617 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3623 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3626 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3627 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3629 tty = *active = tmp;
3636 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3637 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3641 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3644 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3645 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3650 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3653 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3656 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3659 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3662 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3665 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3666 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3667 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3673 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3676 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3677 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3678 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3681 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3684 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3687 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3693 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
3694 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
3696 executor_pid = fork();
3697 if (executor_pid < 0) {
3698 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3701 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
3702 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3703 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
3707 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
3708 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
3711 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3713 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
3714 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) == 0);
3716 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3719 d = _d = opendir(directory);
3721 if (errno == ENOENT)
3722 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3724 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3725 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3729 pids = hashmap_new(NULL, NULL);
3732 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3735 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3736 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3739 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3742 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3744 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3749 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3751 } else if (pid == 0) {
3754 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3764 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3765 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3769 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
3771 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
3774 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3780 /* Abort execution of this process after the
3781 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
3782 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
3784 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
3785 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
3787 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3788 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3791 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3794 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
3797 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid);
3800 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3803 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid);
3806 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3809 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3817 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3823 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3824 if (streq(i, needle))
3830 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3831 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3834 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3843 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3845 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3846 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3847 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3853 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3860 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3867 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3877 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3883 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3887 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3894 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3895 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3906 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3911 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3912 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3914 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3919 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3926 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3929 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3931 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3939 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
3946 return pollfd.revents;
3949 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
3960 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
3964 fn = basename(path);
3968 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
3970 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
3976 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
3989 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
3992 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
3998 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
3999 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4001 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4005 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4008 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4012 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4013 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4014 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4016 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4019 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4020 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4021 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4023 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4028 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4029 "\033[H" /* move home */
4030 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4037 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4040 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4047 /* Try to deallocate */
4048 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4052 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4061 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4063 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4068 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4069 "\033[H" /* move home */
4070 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4077 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int flags) {
4078 _cleanup_close_ int fdf = -1;
4084 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4088 fdt = open(to, flags|O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4096 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4110 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4112 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4121 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4131 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4133 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4143 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4151 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4154 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4155 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
4161 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4164 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4173 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4177 display[0] == ':' &&
4178 display[1] >= '0' &&
4182 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4189 if (!display_is_local(display))
4192 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4194 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4198 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4199 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4208 const char **username,
4209 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4211 const char **shell) {
4219 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4220 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4222 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4240 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4244 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4245 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4246 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4247 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4248 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4250 *username = p->pw_name;
4253 p = getpwnam(*username);
4257 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4269 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4274 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4279 return strdup("root");
4283 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4285 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4291 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4296 return strdup("root");
4300 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4302 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4308 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4314 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4315 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4317 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4318 *groupname = "root";
4326 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4331 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4334 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4338 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4346 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4348 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4350 if (getgid() == gid)
4353 if (getegid() == gid)
4356 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4357 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4359 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4361 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4365 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4372 int in_group(const char *name) {
4376 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4383 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4384 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4390 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4392 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4394 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4397 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4399 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4402 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4403 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4408 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4410 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4412 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4414 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4415 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4417 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4418 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4426 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4432 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4435 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4439 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4440 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4441 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4442 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4443 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4444 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4445 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4451 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4453 _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
4456 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4460 STRV_FOREACH(i, search)
4461 if (path_equal(parent, *i))
4467 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4468 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4469 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4470 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4474 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4475 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4487 if (!de && errno != 0)
4492 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4494 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4498 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4499 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4502 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4513 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4519 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4533 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4538 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4562 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4576 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4577 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4579 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4580 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4585 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4592 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4593 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4596 r = access(p, F_OK);
4604 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4605 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4608 r = access(p, F_OK);
4614 /* Get parent dev_t */
4615 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4618 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4624 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4630 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4631 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4634 r = access(p, F_OK);
4638 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4645 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4650 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4654 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4655 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4658 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4659 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4660 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4661 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4662 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4665 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4667 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4668 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4669 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4670 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4671 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4672 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4673 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4676 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4678 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4679 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4680 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4681 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4682 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4683 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4684 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4685 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4686 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4687 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4688 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4689 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4690 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4691 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4692 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4693 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4694 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4695 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4696 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4697 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4698 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4701 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4703 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4704 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4705 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4706 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4708 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4709 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4710 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4711 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4714 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4716 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4717 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4718 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4719 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4720 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4724 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4726 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4727 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4728 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4729 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4730 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4731 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4732 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4733 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4734 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4735 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4736 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4737 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4738 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4739 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4740 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4741 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4742 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4745 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4747 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4748 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4749 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4750 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4751 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4754 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4756 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4773 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4784 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4786 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4792 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4794 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4795 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4798 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4802 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4803 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4805 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4810 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4815 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4819 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4823 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4824 signo = (int) u + offset;
4825 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4831 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4832 bool loaded = false;
4835 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4843 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4861 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4863 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4872 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4879 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4882 static const struct {
4886 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4887 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4888 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4889 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4890 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4894 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4896 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4899 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4900 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4907 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4915 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4928 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4930 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4932 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4933 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
4936 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
4939 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4940 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4946 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4948 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4950 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
4951 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
4954 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
4957 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4958 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4963 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
4964 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
4966 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
4974 parent_pid = getpid();
4976 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
4983 if (agent_pid != 0) {
4990 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
4991 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
4992 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4994 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
4995 * to set the death signal */
4996 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
4997 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4999 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5000 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5002 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5003 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5005 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5006 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5007 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5008 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5009 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5010 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5011 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5012 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5013 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5015 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5016 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5020 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5023 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5029 /* Count arguments */
5031 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5036 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5038 /* Fill in arguments */
5040 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5041 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5045 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5048 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5049 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5053 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5059 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5060 * to get as close as we can */
5061 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5063 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5064 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5066 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5072 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5073 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5084 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5086 f = fopen(path, "re");
5094 char line[LINE_MAX];
5097 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5101 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5111 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5112 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5126 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5129 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5132 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5135 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5138 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5141 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5147 bool in_initrd(void) {
5148 static int saved = -1;
5154 /* We make two checks here:
5156 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5157 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5159 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5160 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5161 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5164 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5165 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5166 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5171 void warn_melody(void) {
5172 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5174 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5178 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5180 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5181 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5183 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5184 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5186 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5187 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5189 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5192 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5195 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5197 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5199 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5205 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5212 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5220 /* Take the user specified one */
5231 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5234 h = strdup("/root");
5242 /* Check the database... */
5246 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5248 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5251 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5259 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5267 /* Take the user specified one */
5268 e = getenv("SHELL");
5278 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5281 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5289 /* Check the database... */
5293 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5295 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5298 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5306 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5320 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5326 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5331 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5332 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5335 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5343 * Check if a string contains control characters.
5344 * Spaces and tabs are not considered control characters.
5346 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5351 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5352 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ' && *t != '\t')
5358 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5363 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5366 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5369 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5370 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5373 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5379 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5380 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5381 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5390 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5391 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5394 else if (comparison > 0)
5402 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5404 static int cached_answer = -1;
5406 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5409 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5410 cached_answer = true;
5414 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5416 cached_answer = true;
5420 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5421 cached_answer = true;
5425 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5426 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5427 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5429 cached_answer = true;
5433 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5437 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5438 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5442 return (bool) cached_answer;
5445 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5446 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5449 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5450 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5451 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5452 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5453 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5454 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5455 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5458 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5459 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5460 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5461 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5462 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5463 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5464 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5465 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5469 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5472 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5475 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5481 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5482 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5495 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5501 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5502 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5510 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5522 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5523 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5528 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5530 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5536 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5538 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5540 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5544 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5549 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5551 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5552 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5553 else if (*i == '\t')
5560 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5563 } else if (*i == '[') {
5564 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5569 state = STATE_OTHER;
5576 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5577 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5580 state = STATE_OTHER;
5582 } else if (*i == 'm')
5583 state = STATE_OTHER;
5605 int on_ac_power(void) {
5606 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5607 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5609 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5615 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5621 if (!de && errno != 0)
5627 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5630 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5632 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5638 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5640 if (errno == ENOENT)
5646 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5650 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5654 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5656 if (errno == ENOENT)
5662 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5666 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5669 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5670 found_online = true;
5672 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5673 found_offline = true;
5678 return found_online || !found_offline;
5681 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5688 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_absolute_uniq(search, root))
5691 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5692 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5695 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5705 if (errno != ENOENT)
5712 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5713 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5719 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5722 f = fopen(path, mode);
5731 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5735 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
5738 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5739 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5741 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5744 f = fopen(path, mode);
5753 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5757 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
5760 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5767 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5774 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5779 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5788 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5798 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5812 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5820 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5824 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5831 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
5838 if (*allocated >= need)
5841 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
5842 a = newalloc * size;
5844 /* check for overflows */
5845 if (a < size * need)
5853 *allocated = newalloc;
5857 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
5866 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
5870 if (*allocated > prev)
5871 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
5876 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5882 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5884 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5887 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5888 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5889 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5893 } else if (l == 36) {
5895 /* Formatted UUID */
5897 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5900 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5904 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5905 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5906 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5917 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
5932 a = strndup(s, x - s);
5936 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
5948 int shall_restore_state(void) {
5949 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
5954 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
5957 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
5962 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
5970 e = startswith(n, "systemd.restore_state=");
5974 k = parse_boolean(e);
5982 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
5985 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
5986 char *buf = NULL, *p;
5989 r = read_full_file("/proc/1/cmdline", &buf, &sz);
5993 for (p = buf; p + 1 < buf + sz; p++)
6002 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6009 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6010 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6017 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6019 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
6023 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
6024 char word[l+1], *value;
6029 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6031 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6034 value = strchr(word, '=');
6038 r = parse_item(word, value);
6046 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6047 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6055 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6056 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6064 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6067 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6077 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6078 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1;
6079 const char *pidns, *mntns, *root;
6087 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6088 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6092 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6093 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6097 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6098 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6102 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6103 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6111 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int root_fd) {
6112 assert(pidns_fd >= 0);
6113 assert(mntns_fd >= 0);
6114 assert(root_fd >= 0);
6116 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6119 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6122 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6125 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6128 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6131 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6137 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6138 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6143 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6146 return errno != ESRCH;
6149 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6152 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6157 r = get_process_state(pid);
6158 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6164 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6165 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6172 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6176 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6179 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6180 * to namespacing issues */
6188 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6200 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6204 if (errno != ERANGE)
6211 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6227 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6228 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6229 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6236 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6243 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6250 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6251 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6256 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6257 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6259 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6267 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6270 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6273 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6274 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6276 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6277 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6279 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6280 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6285 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6287 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6288 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6289 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6290 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6291 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6292 * used by libseccomp. */
6294 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6296 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6299 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6302 #elif defined(__i386__)
6304 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6308 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6309 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6310 * as error indicator. */
6311 return 0xffffffffUL;
6314 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6316 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6318 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6324 #elif defined(__i386__)
6333 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6336 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6337 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6339 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6342 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6345 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6347 struct mntent me = {
6348 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6353 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6359 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6362 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6363 const uint8_t *b = p;
6366 assert(s == 0 || b);
6371 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6373 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6378 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6386 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6391 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6405 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param)
6411 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6413 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6414 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6416 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);