1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
151 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
152 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
163 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
170 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
173 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
177 int close_nointr(int fd) {
184 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
187 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
188 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
189 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
190 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
198 int safe_close(int fd) {
201 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
202 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
203 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
205 * fd = safe_close(fd);
211 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
212 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
213 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
214 * the fd was invalid at all... */
216 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
222 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
225 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
227 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
231 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
242 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
245 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
247 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
253 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
254 unsigned long ul = 0;
261 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
267 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
277 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
278 unsigned long ul = 0;
285 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
291 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
294 /* Some libc APIs use (uid_t) -1 as special placeholder */
295 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
298 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
299 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
306 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
314 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
316 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
317 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
319 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
322 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
326 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
334 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
336 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
337 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
339 if ((long) (int) l != l)
346 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
354 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
356 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
357 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
359 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
366 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
368 unsigned long long l;
374 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
376 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
377 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
383 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
391 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
393 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
394 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
400 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
407 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
412 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
413 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
419 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
420 bool escaped = false;
423 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
426 else if (s[n] == '\\')
428 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
431 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
435 /* Split a string into words. */
436 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
442 assert(**state == '\0');
446 current += strspn(current, separator);
452 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
453 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
455 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
456 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
457 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
458 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end*/
462 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
463 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
465 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
466 *state = current + *l;
468 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
469 *state = current + *l;
475 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
477 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
489 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
490 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
494 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
495 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
496 * skip over it manually */
498 p = strrchr(line, ')');
510 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
513 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
518 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
520 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
526 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
527 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
531 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
532 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
533 * skip over it manually */
535 p = strrchr(line, ')');
557 "%*d " /* priority */
559 "%*d " /* num_threads */
560 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
561 "%llu " /* starttime */,
568 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
573 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
579 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
582 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
586 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
590 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
594 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
595 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
599 p = strrchr(line, ')');
605 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
608 return (unsigned char) state;
611 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
618 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
620 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
627 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
628 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
636 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
642 if (max_length == 0) {
643 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
645 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
647 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
652 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
662 r = new(char, max_length);
668 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
690 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
697 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
699 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
707 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
711 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
720 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
732 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
737 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
741 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
744 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
749 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
755 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
757 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
760 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
768 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
770 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
772 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
774 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
781 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
782 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
792 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
797 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
802 if (startswith(l, field)) {
804 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
806 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
808 return parse_uid(l, uid);
815 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
816 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
819 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
820 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
821 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
824 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
832 return strndup(suffix, b);
841 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
844 r = new(char, a+b+1);
849 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
855 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
856 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
859 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
874 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
881 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
892 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
893 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
896 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
897 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
904 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
908 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
916 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
923 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
927 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
934 path_kill_slashes(*r);
939 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
942 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
943 struct sigaction sa = {
944 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
945 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
948 /* These two cannot be caught... */
949 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
952 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
953 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
954 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
955 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
962 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
965 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
968 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
974 char *strstrip(char *s) {
977 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
978 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
980 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
982 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
983 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
991 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
994 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
996 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1008 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1015 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1016 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1019 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1020 return strdup(filename);
1022 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1023 return strdup(filename);
1025 k = strlen(filename);
1026 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1029 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1030 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1035 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1044 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1045 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1051 /* Skip last component */
1052 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1055 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1056 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1062 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1065 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1074 if (errno != ENOENT)
1081 char hexchar(int x) {
1082 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1084 return table[x & 15];
1087 int unhexchar(char c) {
1089 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1092 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1093 return c - 'a' + 10;
1095 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1096 return c - 'A' + 10;
1101 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1105 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1109 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1110 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1111 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1118 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1124 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1128 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1131 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1133 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1137 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1144 char octchar(int x) {
1145 return '0' + (x & 7);
1148 int unoctchar(char c) {
1150 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1156 char decchar(int x) {
1157 return '0' + (x % 10);
1160 int undecchar(char c) {
1162 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1168 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1174 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1176 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1180 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1226 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1227 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1228 * g_strescape() does the same */
1229 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1231 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1232 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1233 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1244 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1251 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1253 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1255 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1260 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1262 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1305 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1310 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1313 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1314 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1316 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1317 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1321 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1336 /* octal encoding */
1339 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1340 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1341 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1343 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1344 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1348 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1356 /* premature end of string.*/
1361 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1373 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1374 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1377 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1380 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1383 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1387 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1388 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1391 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1395 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1397 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1398 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1401 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1402 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1412 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1417 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1418 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1419 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1424 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1428 filename[0] == '.' ||
1429 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1430 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1431 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1432 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1433 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1434 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1435 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1436 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1437 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1438 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1441 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1444 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1447 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1450 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1455 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1460 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1462 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1464 if (nflags == flags)
1467 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1473 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1478 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1483 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1485 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1487 if (nflags == flags)
1490 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1496 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1499 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1501 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1508 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1509 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1513 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1515 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1520 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1521 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1524 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1525 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1527 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1530 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1531 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1538 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1541 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1544 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1545 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1554 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1557 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1558 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1559 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1567 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1570 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1571 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1578 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1579 static const char table[] =
1593 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1597 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1601 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1603 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1609 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1613 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1616 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1619 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1625 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1626 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1627 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1632 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1633 new_termios = old_termios;
1635 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1636 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1637 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1639 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1642 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1643 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1644 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1649 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1651 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1657 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1664 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1665 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1670 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1671 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1675 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1685 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1695 bool need_nl = true;
1698 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1705 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1709 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1712 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1713 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1724 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1729 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1733 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1738 char line[LINE_MAX];
1742 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1749 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1754 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1755 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1757 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1776 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1777 struct termios termios;
1780 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1784 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1785 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1786 * interfere with that. */
1788 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1789 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1791 /* Switch to text mode */
1793 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1795 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1796 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1798 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1803 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1804 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1805 * else will do that for us */
1807 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1808 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1809 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1810 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1811 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1813 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1814 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1815 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1816 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1817 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1818 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1819 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1820 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1821 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1822 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1823 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1824 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1825 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1827 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1828 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1830 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1834 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1835 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1840 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1841 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1843 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1847 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1850 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1855 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1856 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1857 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1858 * retrying a couple of times.
1860 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1863 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1866 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1873 /* Max 1s in total */
1877 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1895 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1896 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1906 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1916 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1922 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1931 int acquire_terminal(
1935 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1938 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1943 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1944 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1945 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1947 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1948 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1949 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1950 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1951 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1952 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1953 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1954 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1956 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
1957 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1959 if (!fail && !force) {
1960 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1966 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1974 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1975 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1976 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1980 r = flush_fd(notify);
1985 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1986 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1987 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1988 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1992 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1993 * if we already own the tty. */
1994 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1996 /* First, try to get the tty */
1997 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2000 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2002 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2003 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2004 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2005 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2008 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2017 assert(notify >= 0);
2020 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2022 struct inotify_event *e;
2024 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2027 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2028 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2033 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2043 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2046 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2053 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2058 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2063 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2064 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2066 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2073 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2074 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2075 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2076 * an endless loop. */
2077 fd = safe_close(fd);
2082 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2084 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2095 int release_terminal(void) {
2096 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2097 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2098 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2101 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2102 struct sigaction sa_old;
2105 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2109 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2110 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2111 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2113 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2116 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2121 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2126 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2127 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2134 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2135 struct sigaction sa = {
2136 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2137 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2142 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2146 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2147 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2154 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2155 struct sigaction sa = {
2156 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2157 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2162 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2166 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2167 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2174 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2178 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2180 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2184 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2185 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2188 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2195 while (nbytes > 0) {
2198 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2199 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2202 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2204 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2205 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2208 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2213 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2223 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2224 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2230 while (nbytes > 0) {
2233 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2234 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2237 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2239 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2240 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2243 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2248 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2258 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2260 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2261 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2262 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2263 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2264 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2265 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2266 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2268 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2269 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2270 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2271 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2276 unsigned long long factor;
2279 static const struct table iec[] = {
2280 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2281 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2282 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2283 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2284 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2290 static const struct table si[] = {
2291 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2292 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2293 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2294 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2295 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2301 const struct table *table;
2303 unsigned long long r = 0;
2304 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2307 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2312 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2315 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2321 unsigned long long l2;
2327 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2340 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2343 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2344 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2346 if (errno == ERANGE)
2349 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2356 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2358 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2359 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2360 unsigned long long tmp;
2361 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2363 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2364 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2368 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2371 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2387 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2392 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2393 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2394 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2399 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2402 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2407 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2410 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2414 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2417 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2419 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2420 * sysfs or in /dev */
2423 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2424 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2427 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2428 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2439 if (!de && errno != 0)
2445 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2450 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2451 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2468 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2469 static int have_syscall = -1;
2473 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2474 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2475 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2476 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2477 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2478 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2480 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2481 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2482 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2483 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2485 have_syscall = true;
2490 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2491 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2492 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2493 have_syscall = false;
2494 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2495 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2496 * remember to use the syscall the
2497 * next time, again, but also read
2498 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2499 * doesn't care about the current
2500 * amount of entropy. */
2501 have_syscall = true;
2505 /* too short read? */
2509 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2511 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2513 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2518 if ((size_t) k != n)
2524 void initialize_srand(void) {
2525 static bool srand_called = false;
2527 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2536 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2537 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in auxv, so
2538 * let's try to make use of that to seed the pseudo-random
2539 * generator. It's better than nothing... */
2541 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2543 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2546 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2547 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2550 srand_called = true;
2553 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2557 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2561 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2562 * get a PRNG instead. */
2566 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2570 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2573 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2574 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2575 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2576 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2577 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2578 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2581 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2583 if (program_invocation_name)
2584 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2586 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2590 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2592 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2596 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2601 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2608 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2609 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2613 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2618 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2621 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2622 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2625 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2631 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2634 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2636 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2637 return strdup(u.nodename);
2639 return strdup(u.sysname);
2642 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2645 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2647 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2650 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2653 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2654 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2656 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2658 return strdup("root");
2660 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2664 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2668 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2669 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2671 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2677 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2681 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2686 return lookup_uid(uid);
2689 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2696 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2699 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2700 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2705 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2711 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2719 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2723 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2727 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2729 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2736 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2738 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2740 unsigned long ttynr;
2744 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2745 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2749 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2759 "%*d " /* session */
2764 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2773 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2774 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2775 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2782 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2786 sprintf(fn, "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2788 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2794 /* This is an ugly hack */
2795 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2796 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2800 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2801 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2802 * vaguely useful. */
2808 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2810 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2828 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2829 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2834 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2835 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2841 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2846 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2853 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2858 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2861 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2863 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2864 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2865 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2870 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2873 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2874 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2876 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2877 keep_around = false;
2883 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2884 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2887 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2888 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2889 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2890 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2895 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2896 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2900 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2901 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2905 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2907 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2908 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2915 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2918 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2919 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2922 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2927 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2932 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2933 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2935 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2936 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2941 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2944 static int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
2949 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
2953 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2954 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2957 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2963 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2964 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2965 * seriously broken system. */
2966 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2967 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2971 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2974 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2978 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2981 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2982 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2987 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2988 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2995 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3000 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3001 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3007 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3010 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3013 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3022 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3023 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3026 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3027 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3030 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3033 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3034 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3035 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3037 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
3038 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3041 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3042 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3048 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3051 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3052 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3053 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3055 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
3056 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3059 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3060 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3066 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3070 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3073 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3076 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3077 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3087 if (errno != EINVAL)
3094 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3095 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3096 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3097 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3098 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3100 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3104 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3105 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3107 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3110 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3123 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3129 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3137 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3138 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3141 if (!isempty(status)) {
3142 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3143 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3144 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3146 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3149 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3151 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3153 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3159 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3165 va_start(ap, format);
3166 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3172 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3179 const char *e, *word = format;
3184 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3195 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
3205 } else if (*e == '$') {
3206 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3223 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3225 k = strappend(r, t);
3239 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3251 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3253 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3255 l = strv_length(argv);
3257 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3261 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3263 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3264 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3269 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3273 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e);
3285 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3295 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3303 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3304 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3316 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3317 struct winsize ws = {};
3319 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3328 unsigned columns(void) {
3332 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3333 return cached_columns;
3336 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3338 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3341 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3350 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3351 struct winsize ws = {};
3353 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3362 unsigned lines(void) {
3366 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3367 return cached_lines;
3370 e = getenv("LINES");
3372 (void) safe_atou(e, &l);
3375 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3381 return cached_lines;
3384 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3385 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3391 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3393 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3394 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3396 return cached_on_tty;
3399 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3402 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3405 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3408 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3409 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3412 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3415 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3422 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3427 assert(percent <= 100);
3428 assert(new_length >= 3);
3430 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3431 return strndup(s, old_length);
3433 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3437 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3439 if (x > new_length - 3)
3447 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3448 new_length - x - 3);
3453 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3457 unsigned k, len, len2;
3460 assert(percent <= 100);
3461 assert(new_length >= 3);
3463 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3464 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3465 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3467 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3468 return strndup(s, old_length);
3470 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3472 if (x > new_length - 3)
3476 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3479 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3482 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3485 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3488 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3491 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3492 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3495 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3499 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3501 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3503 /* make space for ellipsis */
3504 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3507 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3508 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3513 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3514 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3518 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3522 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3527 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3528 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3531 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3532 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3538 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3540 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3545 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3550 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1) {
3551 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3556 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3557 struct timespec ts[2];
3559 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3561 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3563 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3570 int touch(const char *path) {
3571 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, (uid_t) -1, (gid_t) -1, 0);
3574 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3578 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3579 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3580 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3587 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3588 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3593 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3594 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
3598 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3608 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3613 name = strndupa(s, eq - s);
3614 p = strdupa(eq + 1);
3616 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3620 return strjoin(strstrip(name), "=", value, NULL);
3623 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3634 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3648 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3649 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3650 * failed for an unknown reason.
3651 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3654 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3655 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3657 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3664 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3666 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3670 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3671 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3672 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3673 return status.si_status;
3676 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3679 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3680 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3682 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3686 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3690 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3692 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3693 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3701 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3704 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3707 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3713 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3718 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3721 return null_or_empty(&st);
3724 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3729 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3732 return null_or_empty(&st);
3735 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3739 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3741 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3754 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3758 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3760 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3761 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3766 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3767 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3770 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3774 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3775 t = new(char, enc_len);
3779 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3782 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3785 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3788 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3789 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3791 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3792 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3794 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3795 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3797 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3798 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3803 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3806 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3809 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3812 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3815 return streq(tty, "console");
3818 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3823 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3826 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3829 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3832 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3836 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3842 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3845 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3846 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3848 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3851 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3854 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3855 * /dev/console points to */
3856 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3862 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3865 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3866 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3868 tty = *active = tmp;
3875 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3876 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3880 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3883 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3884 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3889 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3892 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3895 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3898 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3901 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3904 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3905 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3906 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3912 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3915 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3916 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3917 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3920 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3923 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3926 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3932 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
3933 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
3935 executor_pid = fork();
3936 if (executor_pid < 0) {
3937 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3940 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
3941 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3942 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
3945 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
3946 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
3949 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3950 reset_signal_mask();
3952 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3955 d = _d = opendir(directory);
3957 if (errno == ENOENT)
3958 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3960 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3961 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3965 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
3968 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3971 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3972 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3975 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3978 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
3981 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3986 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3988 } else if (pid == 0) {
3991 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4001 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4002 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4005 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
4007 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
4010 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4016 /* Abort execution of this process after the
4017 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
4018 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
4020 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
4021 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
4023 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4024 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4027 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4030 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
4033 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid);
4036 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4039 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid);
4042 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4045 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4053 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4059 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4060 if (streq(i, needle))
4066 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4067 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4070 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4079 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4081 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4082 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4083 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4089 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4096 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4103 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4113 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4119 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4123 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4130 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4131 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4142 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4147 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4149 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4152 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4153 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4162 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4163 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4165 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4170 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4177 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4180 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4182 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4190 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4197 return pollfd.revents;
4200 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4209 t = tempfn_xxxxxx(path);
4213 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4219 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4232 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4235 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4241 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4242 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4244 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4248 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4251 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4255 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4256 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4257 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4259 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4262 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4263 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4264 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4266 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4271 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4272 "\033[H" /* move home */
4273 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4280 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4283 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4290 /* Try to deallocate */
4291 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4295 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4304 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4306 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4311 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4312 "\033[H" /* move home */
4313 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4320 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4321 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4326 t = tempfn_random(to);
4330 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4333 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4341 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4342 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4346 t = tempfn_random(path);
4350 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4353 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4361 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4362 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4366 t = tempfn_random(path);
4370 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4373 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4381 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4385 display[0] == ':' &&
4386 display[1] >= '0' &&
4390 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4397 if (!display_is_local(display))
4400 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4402 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4406 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4407 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4416 const char **username,
4417 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4419 const char **shell) {
4427 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4428 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4430 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4448 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4452 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4453 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4454 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4455 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4456 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4458 *username = p->pw_name;
4461 p = getpwnam(*username);
4465 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4477 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4482 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4487 return strdup("root");
4491 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4493 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4499 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4504 return strdup("root");
4508 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4510 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4516 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4522 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4523 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4525 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4526 *groupname = "root";
4534 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4539 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4542 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4546 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4554 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4556 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4558 if (getgid() == gid)
4561 if (getegid() == gid)
4564 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4565 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4567 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4569 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4573 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4580 int in_group(const char *name) {
4584 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4591 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4592 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4598 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4600 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4602 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4605 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4607 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4610 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4611 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4616 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4618 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4620 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4622 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4623 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4625 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4626 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4634 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4640 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4643 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4647 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4648 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4649 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4650 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4651 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4652 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4653 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4659 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4660 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4661 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4662 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4666 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4667 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4679 if (!de && errno != 0)
4684 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4686 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4690 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4691 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4694 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4705 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4711 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4725 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4730 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4754 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4768 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4769 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4771 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4772 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4777 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4784 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4785 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4788 r = access(p, F_OK);
4796 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4797 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4800 r = access(p, F_OK);
4806 /* Get parent dev_t */
4807 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4810 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4816 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4822 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4823 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4826 r = access(p, F_OK);
4830 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4837 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4838 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4839 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4840 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4841 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4844 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4846 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4847 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4848 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4849 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4850 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4851 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4852 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4855 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4857 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4858 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4859 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4860 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4861 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4862 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4863 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4864 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4865 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4866 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4867 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4868 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4869 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4870 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4871 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4872 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4873 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4874 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4875 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4876 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4877 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4880 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4882 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4883 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4884 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4885 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4887 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4888 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4889 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4890 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4893 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4895 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4896 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4897 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4898 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4899 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4903 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4905 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4906 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4907 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4908 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4909 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4910 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4911 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4912 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4913 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4914 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4915 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4916 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4917 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4918 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4919 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4920 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4921 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4924 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4926 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4927 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4928 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4929 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4930 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4933 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4935 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4952 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4963 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4965 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4971 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4973 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4974 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4977 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4981 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4982 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4984 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4989 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4994 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4998 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5002 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5003 signo = (int) u + offset;
5004 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5010 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5011 bool loaded = false;
5014 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5022 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5024 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5033 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5040 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5043 static const struct {
5047 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5048 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5049 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5050 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5051 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5055 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5057 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5060 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5061 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5068 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5076 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5089 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5091 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5093 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5094 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5097 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5100 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5101 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5107 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5109 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5111 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5112 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5115 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5118 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5119 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5124 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5125 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5126 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5127 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5135 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5138 parent_pid = getpid();
5140 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5141 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5142 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5143 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5144 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5147 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5148 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5152 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5153 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5160 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5161 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5162 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5164 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5165 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5166 * SIGTERM or so... */
5167 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5168 reset_signal_mask();
5170 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5171 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5172 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5173 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5175 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5176 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5178 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5179 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5181 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5184 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5185 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5186 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5187 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5188 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5189 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5190 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5191 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5193 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5194 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5198 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5201 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5207 /* Count arguments */
5209 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5214 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5216 /* Fill in arguments */
5218 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5219 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5223 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5226 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5227 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5231 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5237 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5238 * to get as close as we can */
5239 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5241 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5242 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5244 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5250 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5251 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5262 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5264 f = fopen(path, "re");
5272 char line[LINE_MAX];
5275 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5279 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5289 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5290 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5304 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5307 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5310 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5313 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5316 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5319 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5325 bool in_initrd(void) {
5326 static int saved = -1;
5332 /* We make two checks here:
5334 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5335 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5337 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5338 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5339 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5342 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5343 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5344 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5349 void warn_melody(void) {
5350 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5352 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5356 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5358 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5359 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5361 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5362 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5364 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5365 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5367 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5370 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5373 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5375 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5377 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5383 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5390 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5398 /* Take the user specified one */
5399 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5400 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5409 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5412 h = strdup("/root");
5420 /* Check the database... */
5424 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5426 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5429 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5437 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5445 /* Take the user specified one */
5446 e = getenv("SHELL");
5456 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5459 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5467 /* Check the database... */
5471 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5473 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5476 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5484 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5498 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5504 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5510 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5511 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5514 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5522 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5523 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5525 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5530 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5531 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5534 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5544 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5549 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5552 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5555 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5556 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5559 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5565 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5566 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5567 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5576 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5577 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5580 else if (comparison > 0)
5588 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5590 static int cached_answer = -1;
5592 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5595 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5596 cached_answer = true;
5600 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5602 cached_answer = true;
5606 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5607 cached_answer = true;
5611 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5612 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5613 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5615 cached_answer = true;
5619 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5623 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5624 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5628 return (bool) cached_answer;
5631 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5632 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5635 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5636 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5637 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5638 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5639 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5640 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5641 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5642 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5645 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5646 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5647 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5648 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5649 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5650 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5651 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5652 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5657 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5660 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5663 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5669 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5670 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5683 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5689 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5690 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5698 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5710 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5711 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5716 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5718 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5724 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5726 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5728 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5732 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5737 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5739 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5740 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5741 else if (*i == '\t')
5748 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5751 } else if (*i == '[') {
5752 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5757 state = STATE_OTHER;
5764 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5765 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5768 state = STATE_OTHER;
5770 } else if (*i == 'm')
5771 state = STATE_OTHER;
5793 int on_ac_power(void) {
5794 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5795 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5797 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5803 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5809 if (!de && errno != 0)
5815 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5818 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5820 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5826 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5828 if (errno == ENOENT)
5834 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5838 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5842 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5844 if (errno == ENOENT)
5850 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5854 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5857 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5858 found_online = true;
5860 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5861 found_offline = true;
5866 return found_online || !found_offline;
5869 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5876 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5879 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5880 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5884 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5886 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5896 if (errno != ENOENT)
5903 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5904 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5910 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5913 f = fopen(path, mode);
5922 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5926 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
5929 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5930 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5932 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5935 f = fopen(path, mode);
5944 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5948 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
5951 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5958 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5965 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5970 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5979 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5989 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6003 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
6011 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
6015 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
6022 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6029 if (*allocated >= need)
6032 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6033 a = newalloc * size;
6035 /* check for overflows */
6036 if (a < size * need)
6044 *allocated = newalloc;
6048 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6057 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6061 if (*allocated > prev)
6062 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6067 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6073 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6075 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6078 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6079 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6080 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6084 } else if (l == 36) {
6086 /* Formatted UUID */
6088 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6091 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6095 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6096 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6097 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6108 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6123 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6127 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6139 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6140 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6144 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6152 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6156 k = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6162 e = startswith(word, "systemd.restore_state=");
6166 k = parse_boolean(e);
6174 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6177 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
6178 return get_process_cmdline(1, 0, false, ret);
6180 return read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6183 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6184 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6190 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6196 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6199 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6205 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6207 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6210 value = strchr(word, '=');
6214 r = parse_item(word, value);
6222 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6223 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6231 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6232 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6240 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6243 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6253 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6254 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6262 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6263 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6271 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6272 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6280 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6281 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6289 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6290 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6296 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6299 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6302 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6307 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6312 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6315 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6319 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6323 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6327 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6330 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6334 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6337 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6340 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6346 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6347 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6352 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6355 return errno != ESRCH;
6358 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6361 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6366 r = get_process_state(pid);
6367 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6373 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6374 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6381 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6385 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6388 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6389 * to namespacing issues */
6397 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6409 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6413 if (errno != ERANGE)
6420 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6436 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6437 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6438 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6445 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6452 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6459 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6460 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6465 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6466 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6468 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6476 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6479 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6482 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6483 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6485 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6486 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6488 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6489 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6494 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6496 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6497 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6498 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6499 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6500 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6501 * used by libseccomp. */
6503 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6505 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6508 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6511 #elif defined(__i386__)
6513 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6517 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6518 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6519 * as error indicator. */
6520 return 0xffffffffUL;
6523 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6525 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6527 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6533 #elif defined(__i386__)
6542 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6545 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6546 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6548 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6551 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6554 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6556 struct mntent me = {
6557 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6562 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6568 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6571 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6572 const uint8_t *b = p;
6575 assert(s == 0 || b);
6580 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6582 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6587 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6595 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6600 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6614 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6619 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6621 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6622 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6624 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6629 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6633 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6634 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6635 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6638 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6643 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6644 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6648 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6651 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6652 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6653 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6654 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6655 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6656 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6657 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6658 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6659 "- " /* (8) separator */
6660 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6661 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6662 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6663 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6672 p = cunescape(path);
6676 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6679 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6695 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6696 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6697 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6700 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6701 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6702 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6703 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6704 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6705 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6706 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6707 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6708 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6709 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6710 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6711 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6712 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6714 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6718 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6720 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6725 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6726 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6727 bool top_autofs = false;
6730 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6734 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6735 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6739 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6742 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6743 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6744 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6745 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6746 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6747 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6748 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6749 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6750 "- " /* (8) separator */
6751 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6752 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6753 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6754 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6764 p = cunescape(path);
6768 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6769 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6770 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6771 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6772 * already triggered, then we will find
6773 * another entry for this. */
6774 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6775 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6779 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6780 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6782 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6792 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6793 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6795 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6796 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6799 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6800 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6801 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6802 * mount, make it one. */
6803 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6806 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6809 x = strdup(cleaned);
6813 r = set_consume(done, x);
6818 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6820 r = set_consume(done, x);
6826 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6828 /* Deal with mount points that are
6829 * obstructed by a later mount */
6831 if (errno != ENOENT)
6839 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6846 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6851 char *tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p) {
6858 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 6 + 1);
6865 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn), "XXXXXX");
6870 char *tempfn_random(const char *p) {
6879 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 16 + 1);
6886 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn);
6889 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6890 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
6899 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
6900 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
6903 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
6904 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
6906 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
6907 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
6908 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
6909 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
6910 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
6911 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
6912 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
6913 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
6916 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
6918 struct flock flock = {
6920 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
6928 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
6929 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
6930 * our own trivial version of this.
6932 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
6933 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
6934 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
6935 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
6936 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
6939 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
6941 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
6943 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
6947 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
6956 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
6959 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
6962 return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
6965 int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
6970 r = stat(path, &st);
6972 r = lstat(path, &st);
6976 return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
6979 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax) {
6980 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
6981 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
6988 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
6990 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
6998 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
6999 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
7000 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
7001 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
7011 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7021 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7023 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
7025 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7026 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7029 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7044 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7057 } else if (c == '\'')
7060 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7062 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7070 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7077 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7081 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7090 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7092 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7100 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7107 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7111 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7117 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7139 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
7144 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7145 * quotes if necessary. */
7149 /* Count how many words are expected */
7152 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7161 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7162 l = newa0(char*, n);
7163 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7165 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c], false);
7169 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7179 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7182 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7185 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7195 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7200 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7201 * possibly freeing the old one. */
7216 int sethostname_idempotent(const char *s) {
7218 char buf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1] = {};
7222 r = gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf));
7229 r = sethostname(s, strlen(s));