1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
151 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
152 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
163 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
170 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
173 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
177 int close_nointr(int fd) {
184 else if (errno == EINTR)
186 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
187 * thing to do on Linux.
189 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
190 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
191 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
192 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
199 int safe_close(int fd) {
202 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
203 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
204 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
206 * fd = safe_close(fd);
212 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
213 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
214 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
215 * the fd was invalid at all... */
217 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
223 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
226 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
228 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
232 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
243 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
246 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
248 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
254 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
255 unsigned long ul = 0;
262 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
268 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
278 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
279 unsigned long ul = 0;
286 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
292 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
295 /* Some libc APIs use (uid_t) -1 as special placeholder */
296 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
299 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
300 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
307 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
315 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
317 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
318 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
320 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
323 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
327 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
335 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
337 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
338 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
340 if ((long) (int) l != l)
347 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
355 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
357 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
358 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
360 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
367 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
369 unsigned long long l;
375 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
377 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
378 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
384 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
392 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
394 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
395 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
401 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
408 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
413 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
414 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
420 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
421 bool escaped = false;
424 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
427 else if (s[n] == '\\')
429 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
432 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
436 /* Split a string into words. */
437 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
443 assert(**state == '\0');
447 current += strspn(current, separator);
453 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
454 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
456 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
457 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
458 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
459 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end*/
463 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
464 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
466 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
467 *state = current + *l;
469 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
470 *state = current + *l;
476 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
478 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
490 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
491 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
495 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
496 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
497 * skip over it manually */
499 p = strrchr(line, ')');
511 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
514 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
519 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
521 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
527 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
528 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
532 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
533 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
534 * skip over it manually */
536 p = strrchr(line, ')');
558 "%*d " /* priority */
560 "%*d " /* num_threads */
561 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
562 "%llu " /* starttime */,
569 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
574 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
580 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
583 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
587 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
591 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
595 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
596 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
600 p = strrchr(line, ')');
606 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
609 return (unsigned char) state;
612 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
619 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
621 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
628 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
629 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
637 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
643 if (max_length == 0) {
644 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
646 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
648 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
653 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
663 r = new(char, max_length);
669 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
691 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
698 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
699 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
700 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
708 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
712 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
721 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
733 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
738 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
742 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
745 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
750 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
756 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
758 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
761 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
769 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
771 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
773 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
775 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
782 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
783 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
793 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
798 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
803 if (startswith(l, field)) {
805 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
807 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
809 return parse_uid(l, uid);
816 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
817 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
820 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
821 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
822 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
825 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
833 return strndup(suffix, b);
842 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
845 r = new(char, a+b+1);
850 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
856 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
857 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
860 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
875 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
882 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
893 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
894 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
897 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
898 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
905 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
909 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
917 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
924 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
928 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
935 path_kill_slashes(*r);
940 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
943 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
944 struct sigaction sa = {
945 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
946 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
949 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
952 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
953 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
954 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
962 char *strstrip(char *s) {
965 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
966 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
968 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
970 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
971 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
979 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
982 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
984 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
996 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1003 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1004 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1007 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1008 return strdup(filename);
1010 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1011 return strdup(filename);
1013 k = strlen(filename);
1014 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1017 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1018 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1023 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1032 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1033 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1039 /* Skip last component */
1040 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1043 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1044 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1050 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1053 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1062 if (errno != ENOENT)
1069 char hexchar(int x) {
1070 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1072 return table[x & 15];
1075 int unhexchar(char c) {
1077 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1080 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1081 return c - 'a' + 10;
1083 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1084 return c - 'A' + 10;
1089 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1093 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1097 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1098 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1099 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1106 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1112 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1116 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1119 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1121 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1125 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1132 char octchar(int x) {
1133 return '0' + (x & 7);
1136 int unoctchar(char c) {
1138 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1144 char decchar(int x) {
1145 return '0' + (x % 10);
1148 int undecchar(char c) {
1150 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1156 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1162 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1164 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1168 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1214 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1215 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1216 * g_strescape() does the same */
1217 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1219 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1220 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1221 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1232 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1239 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1241 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1243 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1248 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1250 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1293 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1298 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1301 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1302 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1304 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1305 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1309 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1324 /* octal encoding */
1327 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1328 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1329 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1331 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1332 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1336 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1344 /* premature end of string.*/
1349 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1361 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1362 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1365 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1368 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1371 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1375 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1376 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1379 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1383 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1385 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1386 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1389 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1390 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1400 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1405 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1406 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1407 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1412 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1416 filename[0] == '.' ||
1417 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1418 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1419 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1420 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1421 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1422 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1423 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1424 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1425 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1426 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1429 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1432 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1435 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1438 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1443 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1448 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1450 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1452 if (nflags == flags)
1455 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1461 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1466 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1471 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1473 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1475 if (nflags == flags)
1478 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1484 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1487 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1489 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1496 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1497 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1501 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1503 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1508 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1509 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1512 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1513 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1515 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1518 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1519 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1526 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1529 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1532 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1533 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1542 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1545 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1546 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1547 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1555 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1558 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1559 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1566 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1567 static const char table[] =
1581 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1585 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1589 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1591 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1597 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1601 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1604 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1607 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1613 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1614 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1615 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1620 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1621 new_termios = old_termios;
1623 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1624 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1625 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1627 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1630 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1631 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1632 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1637 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1639 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1645 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1652 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1653 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1658 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1659 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1663 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1673 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1683 bool need_nl = true;
1686 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1693 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1697 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1700 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1701 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1712 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1717 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1721 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1726 char line[LINE_MAX];
1730 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1737 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1742 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1743 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1745 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1764 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1765 struct termios termios;
1768 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1772 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1773 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1774 * interfere with that. */
1776 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1777 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1779 /* Switch to text mode */
1781 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1783 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1784 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1786 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1791 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1792 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1793 * else will do that for us */
1795 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1796 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1797 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1798 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1799 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1801 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1802 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1803 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1804 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1805 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1806 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1807 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1808 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1809 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1810 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1811 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1812 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1813 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1815 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1816 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1818 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1822 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1823 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1828 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1829 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1831 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1835 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1838 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1843 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1844 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1845 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1846 * retrying a couple of times.
1848 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1851 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1854 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1861 /* Max 1s in total */
1865 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1886 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1887 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1897 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1907 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1913 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1922 int acquire_terminal(
1926 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1929 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1934 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1935 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1936 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1938 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1939 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1940 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1941 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1942 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1943 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1944 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1945 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1947 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
1948 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1950 if (!fail && !force) {
1951 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1957 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1965 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1966 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1967 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1971 r = flush_fd(notify);
1976 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1977 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1978 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1979 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1983 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1984 * if we already own the tty. */
1985 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1987 /* First, try to get the tty */
1988 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1991 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1993 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1994 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1995 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1996 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1999 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2008 assert(notify >= 0);
2011 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2013 struct inotify_event *e;
2015 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2018 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2019 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2024 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2034 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2037 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2044 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2049 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2054 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2055 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2057 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2064 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2065 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2066 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2067 * an endless loop. */
2073 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2075 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2086 int release_terminal(void) {
2087 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2088 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2089 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2092 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2093 struct sigaction sa_old;
2096 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2100 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2101 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2102 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2104 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2107 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2112 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2117 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2118 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2125 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2126 struct sigaction sa = {
2127 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2128 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2133 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2137 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2138 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2145 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2146 struct sigaction sa = {
2147 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2148 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2153 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2157 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2158 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2165 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2169 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2171 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2175 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2176 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2179 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2186 while (nbytes > 0) {
2189 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2190 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2193 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2195 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2196 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2199 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2204 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2214 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2215 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2221 while (nbytes > 0) {
2224 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2225 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2228 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2230 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2231 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2234 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2239 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2249 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2251 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2252 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2253 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2254 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2255 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2256 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2257 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2259 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2260 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2261 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2262 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2267 unsigned long long factor;
2270 static const struct table iec[] = {
2271 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2272 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2273 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2274 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2275 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2281 static const struct table si[] = {
2282 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2283 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2284 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2285 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2286 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2292 const struct table *table;
2294 unsigned long long r = 0;
2295 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2298 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2303 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2306 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2312 unsigned long long l2;
2318 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2331 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2334 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2335 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2337 if (errno == ERANGE)
2340 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2347 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2349 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2350 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2351 unsigned long long tmp;
2352 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2354 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2355 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2359 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2362 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2378 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2383 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2384 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2385 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2390 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2393 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2398 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2401 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2405 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2408 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2410 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2411 * sysfs or in /dev */
2414 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2415 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2418 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2419 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2430 if (!de && errno != 0)
2436 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2441 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2442 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2459 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2460 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2463 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2465 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2467 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2470 if ((size_t) k != n)
2476 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2477 static bool srand_called = false;
2481 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2485 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2486 * get a PRNG instead. */
2488 if (!srand_called) {
2491 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2492 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in
2493 * auxv, so let's try to make use of that to seed the
2494 * pseudo-random generator. It's better than
2499 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2501 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2504 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2505 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2508 srand_called = true;
2511 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2515 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2518 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2519 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2520 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2521 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2522 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2523 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2526 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2528 if (program_invocation_name)
2529 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2531 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2535 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2537 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2541 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2546 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2553 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2554 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2558 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2563 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2566 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2567 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2570 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2576 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2579 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2581 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2582 return strdup(u.nodename);
2584 return strdup(u.sysname);
2587 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2590 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2592 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2595 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2598 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2599 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2601 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2603 return strdup("root");
2605 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2609 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2613 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2614 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2616 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2622 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2626 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2631 return lookup_uid(uid);
2634 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2641 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2644 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2645 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2650 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2656 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2664 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2668 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2672 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2674 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2681 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2683 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2685 unsigned long ttynr;
2689 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2690 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2694 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2704 "%*d " /* session */
2709 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2718 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2719 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2720 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2727 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2731 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2733 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2739 /* This is an ugly hack */
2740 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2741 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2745 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2746 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2747 * vaguely useful. */
2753 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2755 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2773 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2774 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2779 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2780 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2786 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2791 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2798 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2803 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2806 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2808 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2809 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2810 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2815 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2818 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2819 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2821 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2822 keep_around = false;
2828 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2829 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2832 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2833 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2834 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2835 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2840 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2841 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2845 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2846 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2850 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2852 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2853 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2860 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2863 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2864 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2867 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2872 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2877 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2878 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2880 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2881 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2886 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2889 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2895 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2896 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2897 * seriously broken system. */
2898 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2899 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2903 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2906 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2910 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2913 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2914 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2919 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2920 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2927 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2932 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2933 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2939 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2942 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2945 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2954 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2955 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2958 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2959 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2962 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2965 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2966 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2967 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2969 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2970 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2973 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2974 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2980 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2983 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2984 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2985 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2987 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2988 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2991 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2992 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2998 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3002 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3005 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3008 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3009 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3019 if (errno != EINVAL)
3026 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3027 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3028 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3029 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3030 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3032 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3036 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3037 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3039 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3042 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3055 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3061 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3069 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3070 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3073 if (!isempty(status)) {
3074 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3075 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3076 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3078 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3081 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3083 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3085 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3091 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3097 va_start(ap, format);
3098 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3104 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3111 const char *e, *word = format;
3116 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3127 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3136 } else if (*e == '$') {
3137 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3153 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3155 k = strappend(r, t);
3169 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3180 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3182 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3184 l = strv_length(argv);
3186 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3190 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3192 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3193 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3198 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3202 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e);
3214 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3224 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3232 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3233 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3245 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3246 struct winsize ws = {};
3248 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3257 unsigned columns(void) {
3261 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3262 return cached_columns;
3265 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3270 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3279 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3280 struct winsize ws = {};
3282 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3291 unsigned lines(void) {
3295 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3296 return cached_lines;
3299 e = getenv("LINES");
3304 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3310 return cached_lines;
3313 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3314 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3320 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3322 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3323 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3325 return cached_on_tty;
3328 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3331 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3334 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3337 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3338 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3341 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3344 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3351 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3356 assert(percent <= 100);
3357 assert(new_length >= 3);
3359 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3360 return strndup(s, old_length);
3362 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3366 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3368 if (x > new_length - 3)
3376 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3377 new_length - x - 3);
3382 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3386 unsigned k, len, len2;
3389 assert(percent <= 100);
3390 assert(new_length >= 3);
3392 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3393 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3394 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3396 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3397 return strndup(s, old_length);
3399 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3401 if (x > new_length - 3)
3405 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3408 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3411 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3414 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3417 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3420 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3421 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3424 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3428 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3430 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3432 /* make space for ellipsis */
3433 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3436 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3437 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3442 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3443 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3447 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3451 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3456 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3457 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3460 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3461 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3467 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3469 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3474 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3479 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1) {
3480 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3485 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3486 struct timespec ts[2];
3488 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3490 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3492 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3499 int touch(const char *path) {
3500 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, (uid_t) -1, (gid_t) -1, 0);
3503 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3507 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3508 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3509 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3516 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3517 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3522 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3523 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3526 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3538 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3542 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3550 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3554 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3560 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3571 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3585 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3586 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3587 * failed for an unknown reason.
3588 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3591 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3592 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3594 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3601 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3603 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3607 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3608 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3609 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3610 return status.si_status;
3613 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3616 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3617 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3619 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3623 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3627 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3629 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3630 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3638 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3641 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3644 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3650 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3655 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3658 return null_or_empty(&st);
3661 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3666 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3669 return null_or_empty(&st);
3672 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3676 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3678 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3691 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3695 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3697 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3698 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3703 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3704 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3707 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3711 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3712 t = new(char, enc_len);
3716 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3719 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3722 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3725 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3726 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3728 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3729 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3731 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3732 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3734 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3735 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3740 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3743 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3746 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3749 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3752 return streq(tty, "console");
3755 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3760 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3763 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3766 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3769 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3773 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3779 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3782 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3783 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3785 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3788 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3791 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3792 * /dev/console points to */
3793 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3799 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3802 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3803 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3805 tty = *active = tmp;
3812 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3813 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3817 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3820 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3821 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3826 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3829 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3832 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3835 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3838 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3841 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3842 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3843 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3849 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3852 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3853 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3854 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3857 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3860 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3863 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3869 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
3870 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
3872 executor_pid = fork();
3873 if (executor_pid < 0) {
3874 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3877 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
3878 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3879 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
3883 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
3884 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
3887 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3889 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
3890 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) == 0);
3892 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3895 d = _d = opendir(directory);
3897 if (errno == ENOENT)
3898 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3900 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3901 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3905 pids = hashmap_new(NULL, NULL);
3908 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3911 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3912 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3915 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3918 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
3921 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3926 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3928 } else if (pid == 0) {
3931 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3941 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3942 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3946 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
3948 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
3951 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3957 /* Abort execution of this process after the
3958 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
3959 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
3961 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
3962 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
3964 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3965 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3968 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3971 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
3974 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid);
3977 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3980 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid);
3983 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3986 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3994 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4000 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4001 if (streq(i, needle))
4007 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4008 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4011 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4020 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4022 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4023 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4024 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4030 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4037 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4044 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4054 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4060 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4064 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4071 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4072 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4083 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4088 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4090 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4093 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4094 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4103 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4104 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4106 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4111 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4118 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4121 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4123 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4131 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4138 return pollfd.revents;
4141 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4150 t = tempfn_xxxxxx(path);
4154 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4160 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4173 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4176 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4182 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4183 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4185 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4189 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4192 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4196 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4197 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4198 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4200 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4203 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4204 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4205 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4207 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4212 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4213 "\033[H" /* move home */
4214 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4221 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4224 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4231 /* Try to deallocate */
4232 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4236 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4245 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4247 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4252 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4253 "\033[H" /* move home */
4254 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4261 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4262 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4267 t = tempfn_random(to);
4271 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4274 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4282 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4283 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4287 t = tempfn_random(path);
4291 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4294 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4302 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4303 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4307 t = tempfn_random(path);
4311 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4314 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4322 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4326 display[0] == ':' &&
4327 display[1] >= '0' &&
4331 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4338 if (!display_is_local(display))
4341 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4343 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4347 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4348 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4357 const char **username,
4358 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4360 const char **shell) {
4368 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4369 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4371 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4389 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4393 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4394 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4395 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4396 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4397 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4399 *username = p->pw_name;
4402 p = getpwnam(*username);
4406 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4418 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4423 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4428 return strdup("root");
4432 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4434 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4440 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4445 return strdup("root");
4449 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4451 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4457 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4463 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4464 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4466 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4467 *groupname = "root";
4475 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4480 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4483 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4487 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4495 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4497 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4499 if (getgid() == gid)
4502 if (getegid() == gid)
4505 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4506 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4508 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4510 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4514 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4521 int in_group(const char *name) {
4525 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4532 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4533 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4539 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4541 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4543 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4546 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4548 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4551 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4552 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4557 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4559 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4561 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4563 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4564 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4566 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4567 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4575 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4581 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4584 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4588 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4589 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4590 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4591 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4592 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4593 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4594 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4600 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4601 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4602 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4603 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4607 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4608 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4620 if (!de && errno != 0)
4625 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4627 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4631 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4632 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4635 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4646 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4652 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4666 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4671 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4695 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4709 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4710 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4712 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4713 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4718 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4725 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4726 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4729 r = access(p, F_OK);
4737 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4738 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4741 r = access(p, F_OK);
4747 /* Get parent dev_t */
4748 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4751 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4757 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4763 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4764 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4767 r = access(p, F_OK);
4771 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4778 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4783 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4787 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4788 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4791 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4792 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4793 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4794 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4795 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4798 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4800 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4801 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4802 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4803 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4804 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4805 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4806 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4809 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4811 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4812 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4813 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4814 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4815 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4816 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4817 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4818 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4819 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4820 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4821 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4822 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4823 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4824 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4825 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4826 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4827 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4828 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4829 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4830 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4831 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4834 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4836 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4837 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4838 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4839 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4841 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4842 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4843 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4844 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4847 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4849 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4850 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4851 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4852 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4853 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4857 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4859 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4860 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4861 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4862 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4863 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4864 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4865 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4866 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4867 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4868 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4869 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4870 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4871 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4872 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4873 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4874 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4875 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4878 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4880 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4881 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4882 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4883 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4884 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4887 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4889 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4906 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4917 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4919 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4925 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4927 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4928 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4931 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4935 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4936 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4938 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4943 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4948 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4952 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4956 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4957 signo = (int) u + offset;
4958 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4964 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4965 bool loaded = false;
4968 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4976 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4994 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4996 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5005 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5012 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5015 static const struct {
5019 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5020 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5021 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5022 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5023 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5027 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5029 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5032 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5033 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5040 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5048 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5061 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5063 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5065 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5066 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5069 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5072 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5073 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5079 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5081 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5083 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5084 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5087 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5090 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5091 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5096 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5097 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5099 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5107 parent_pid = getpid();
5109 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5116 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5123 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5124 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5125 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5127 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5128 * to set the death signal */
5129 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5130 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5132 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5133 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5135 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5136 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5138 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5139 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5140 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5141 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5142 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5143 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5144 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5145 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5146 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5148 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5149 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5153 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5156 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5162 /* Count arguments */
5164 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5169 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5171 /* Fill in arguments */
5173 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5174 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5178 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5181 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5182 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5186 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5192 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5193 * to get as close as we can */
5194 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5196 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5197 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5199 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5205 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5206 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5217 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5219 f = fopen(path, "re");
5227 char line[LINE_MAX];
5230 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5234 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5244 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5245 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5259 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5262 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5265 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5268 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5271 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5274 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5280 bool in_initrd(void) {
5281 static int saved = -1;
5287 /* We make two checks here:
5289 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5290 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5292 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5293 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5294 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5297 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5298 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5299 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5304 void warn_melody(void) {
5305 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5307 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5311 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5313 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5314 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5316 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5317 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5319 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5320 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5322 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5325 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5328 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5330 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5332 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5338 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5345 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5353 /* Take the user specified one */
5354 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5355 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5364 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5367 h = strdup("/root");
5375 /* Check the database... */
5379 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5381 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5384 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5392 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5400 /* Take the user specified one */
5401 e = getenv("SHELL");
5411 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5414 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5422 /* Check the database... */
5426 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5428 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5431 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5439 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5453 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5459 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5465 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5466 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5469 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5477 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5478 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5480 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5485 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5486 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5489 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5499 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5504 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5507 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5510 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5511 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5514 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5520 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5521 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5522 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5531 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5532 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5535 else if (comparison > 0)
5543 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5545 static int cached_answer = -1;
5547 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5550 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5551 cached_answer = true;
5555 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5557 cached_answer = true;
5561 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5562 cached_answer = true;
5566 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5567 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5568 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5570 cached_answer = true;
5574 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5578 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5579 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5583 return (bool) cached_answer;
5586 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5587 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5590 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5591 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5592 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5593 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5594 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5595 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5596 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5597 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5600 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5601 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5602 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5603 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5604 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5605 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5606 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5607 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5612 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5615 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5618 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5624 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5625 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5638 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5644 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5645 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5653 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5665 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5666 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5671 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5673 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5679 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5681 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5683 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5687 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5692 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5694 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5695 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5696 else if (*i == '\t')
5703 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5706 } else if (*i == '[') {
5707 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5712 state = STATE_OTHER;
5719 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5720 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5723 state = STATE_OTHER;
5725 } else if (*i == 'm')
5726 state = STATE_OTHER;
5748 int on_ac_power(void) {
5749 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5750 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5752 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5758 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5764 if (!de && errno != 0)
5770 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5773 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5775 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5781 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5783 if (errno == ENOENT)
5789 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5793 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5797 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5799 if (errno == ENOENT)
5805 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5809 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5812 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5813 found_online = true;
5815 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5816 found_offline = true;
5821 return found_online || !found_offline;
5824 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5831 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5834 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5835 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5839 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5841 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5851 if (errno != ENOENT)
5858 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5859 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5865 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5868 f = fopen(path, mode);
5877 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5881 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
5884 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5885 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5887 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5890 f = fopen(path, mode);
5899 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5903 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
5906 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5913 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5920 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5925 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5934 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5944 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5958 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5966 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5970 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5977 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
5984 if (*allocated >= need)
5987 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
5988 a = newalloc * size;
5990 /* check for overflows */
5991 if (a < size * need)
5999 *allocated = newalloc;
6003 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6012 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6016 if (*allocated > prev)
6017 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6022 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6028 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6030 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6033 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6034 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6035 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6039 } else if (l == 36) {
6041 /* Formatted UUID */
6043 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6046 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6050 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6051 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6052 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6063 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6078 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6082 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6094 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6095 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6096 const char *word, *state;
6100 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6103 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
6108 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(word, l, line, state) {
6116 e = startswith(n, "systemd.restore_state=");
6120 k = parse_boolean(e);
6128 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6131 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
6132 char *buf = NULL, *p;
6135 r = read_full_file("/proc/1/cmdline", &buf, &sz);
6139 for (p = buf; p + 1 < buf + sz; p++)
6148 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6155 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6156 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6157 const char *w, *state;
6163 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6165 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
6169 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
6170 char word[l+1], *value;
6175 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6177 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6180 value = strchr(word, '=');
6184 r = parse_item(word, value);
6192 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6193 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6201 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6202 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6210 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6213 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6223 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6224 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6232 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6233 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6241 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6242 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6250 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6251 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6259 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6260 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6266 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6269 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6272 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6277 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6282 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6285 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6289 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6293 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6297 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6300 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6304 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6307 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6310 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6316 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6317 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6322 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6325 return errno != ESRCH;
6328 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6331 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6336 r = get_process_state(pid);
6337 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6343 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6344 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6351 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6355 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6358 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6359 * to namespacing issues */
6367 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6379 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6383 if (errno != ERANGE)
6390 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6406 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6407 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6408 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6415 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6422 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6429 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6430 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6435 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6436 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6438 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6446 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6449 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6452 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6453 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6455 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6456 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6458 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6459 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6464 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6466 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6467 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6468 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6469 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6470 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6471 * used by libseccomp. */
6473 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6475 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6478 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6481 #elif defined(__i386__)
6483 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6487 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6488 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6489 * as error indicator. */
6490 return 0xffffffffUL;
6493 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6495 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6497 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6503 #elif defined(__i386__)
6512 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6515 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6516 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6518 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6521 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6524 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6526 struct mntent me = {
6527 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6532 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6538 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6541 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6542 const uint8_t *b = p;
6545 assert(s == 0 || b);
6550 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6552 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6557 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6565 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6570 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6584 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6589 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6591 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6592 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6594 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6599 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6603 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6604 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6605 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6608 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6613 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6614 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6618 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6621 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6622 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6623 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6624 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6625 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6626 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6627 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6628 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6629 "- " /* (8) separator */
6630 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6631 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6632 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6633 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6642 p = cunescape(path);
6646 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6649 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6665 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6666 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6667 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6670 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6671 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6672 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6673 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6674 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6675 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6676 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6677 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6678 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6679 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6680 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6681 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6682 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6684 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6688 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6690 done = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
6695 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6696 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6697 bool top_autofs = false;
6700 todo = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
6704 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6705 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6709 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6712 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6713 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6714 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6715 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6716 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6717 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6718 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6719 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6720 "- " /* (8) separator */
6721 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6722 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6723 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6724 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6734 p = cunescape(path);
6738 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6739 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6740 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6741 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6742 * already triggered, then we will find
6743 * another entry for this. */
6744 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6745 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6749 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6750 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6752 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6762 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6763 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6765 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6766 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6769 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6770 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6771 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6772 * mount, make it one. */
6773 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6776 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6779 x = strdup(cleaned);
6783 r = set_consume(done, x);
6788 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6790 r = set_consume(done, x);
6796 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6798 /* Deal with mount points that are
6799 * obstructed by a later mount */
6801 if (errno != ENOENT)
6809 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6816 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6821 char *tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p) {
6828 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 6 + 1);
6835 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn), "XXXXXX");
6840 char *tempfn_random(const char *p) {
6849 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 16 + 1);
6856 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn);
6859 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6860 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
6869 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
6870 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
6873 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
6874 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
6876 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
6877 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
6878 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
6879 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
6880 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
6881 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
6882 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
6883 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
6886 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
6888 struct flock flock = {
6890 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
6898 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
6899 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
6900 * our own trivial version of this.
6902 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
6903 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
6904 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
6905 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
6906 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
6909 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
6911 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
6913 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
6917 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
6926 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
6929 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
6932 if (S_ISLNK(info.st_mode))