1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
158 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
162 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
165 int close_nointr(int fd) {
172 else if (errno == EINTR)
174 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
175 * thing to do on Linux.
177 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
178 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
179 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
180 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
187 int safe_close(int fd) {
190 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
191 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
192 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
194 * fd = safe_close(fd);
200 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
201 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
202 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
203 * the fd was invalid at all... */
205 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
211 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
214 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
216 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
220 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
231 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
234 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
236 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
242 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
243 unsigned long ul = 0;
250 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
256 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
266 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
267 unsigned long ul = 0;
274 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
280 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
283 /* Some libc APIs use (uid_t) -1 as special placeholder */
284 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
287 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 32bit -1 too */
288 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
295 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
303 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
305 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
306 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
308 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
311 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
315 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
323 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
325 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
326 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
328 if ((long) (int) l != l)
335 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
337 unsigned long long l;
343 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
345 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
346 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
352 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
360 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
362 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
363 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
369 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
376 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
381 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
382 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
388 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
389 bool escaped = false;
392 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
395 else if (s[n] == '\\')
397 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
403 /* Split a string into words. */
404 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted, char **state) {
407 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
409 if (!*current || *c == 0)
412 current += strspn(current, separator);
416 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
417 char quotechar = *(current++);
418 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, (char[]){quotechar, '\0'});
419 *state = current+*l+1;
421 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
424 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
428 return (char*) current;
431 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
433 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
445 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
446 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
450 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
451 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
452 * skip over it manually */
454 p = strrchr(line, ')');
466 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
469 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
474 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
476 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
482 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
483 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
487 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
488 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
489 * skip over it manually */
491 p = strrchr(line, ')');
513 "%*d " /* priority */
515 "%*d " /* num_threads */
516 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
517 "%llu " /* starttime */,
524 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
529 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
535 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
538 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
542 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
546 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
550 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
551 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
555 p = strrchr(line, ')');
561 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
564 return (unsigned char) state;
567 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
574 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
576 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
583 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
584 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
592 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
598 if (max_length == 0) {
599 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
601 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
603 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
608 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
618 r = new(char, max_length);
624 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
646 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
653 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
654 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
655 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
663 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
667 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
676 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
688 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
693 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
697 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
700 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
705 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
711 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
713 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
716 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
724 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
726 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
728 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
730 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
737 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
738 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
748 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
753 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
758 if (startswith(l, field)) {
760 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
762 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
764 return parse_uid(l, uid);
771 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
772 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
775 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
776 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
777 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
780 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
788 return strndup(suffix, b);
797 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
800 r = new(char, a+b+1);
805 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
811 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
812 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
815 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
830 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
837 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
848 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
849 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
852 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
853 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
860 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
864 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
872 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
879 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
883 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
890 path_kill_slashes(*r);
895 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
898 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
899 struct sigaction sa = {
900 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
901 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
904 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
907 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
908 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
909 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
917 char *strstrip(char *s) {
920 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
921 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
923 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
925 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
926 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
934 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
937 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
939 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
951 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
958 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
959 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
962 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
963 return strdup(filename);
965 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
966 return strdup(filename);
968 k = strlen(filename);
969 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
972 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
973 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
978 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
987 /* Skip trailing slashes */
988 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
994 /* Skip last component */
995 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
998 /* Skip trailing slashes */
999 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1005 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1008 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1017 if (errno != ENOENT)
1024 char hexchar(int x) {
1025 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1027 return table[x & 15];
1030 int unhexchar(char c) {
1032 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1035 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1036 return c - 'a' + 10;
1038 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1039 return c - 'A' + 10;
1044 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1048 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1052 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1053 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1054 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1061 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1067 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1071 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1074 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1076 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1080 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1087 char octchar(int x) {
1088 return '0' + (x & 7);
1091 int unoctchar(char c) {
1093 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1099 char decchar(int x) {
1100 return '0' + (x % 10);
1103 int undecchar(char c) {
1105 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1111 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1117 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1119 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1123 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1169 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1170 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1171 * g_strescape() does the same */
1172 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1174 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1175 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1176 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1187 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1194 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1196 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1198 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1203 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1205 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1248 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1253 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1256 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1257 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1259 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1260 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1264 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1279 /* octal encoding */
1282 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1283 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1284 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1286 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1287 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1291 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1299 /* premature end of string.*/
1304 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1316 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1317 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1320 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1323 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1326 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1330 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1331 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1334 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1338 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1340 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1341 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1344 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1345 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1355 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1360 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1361 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1362 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1367 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1371 filename[0] == '.' ||
1372 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1373 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1374 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1375 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1376 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1377 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1378 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1379 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1380 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1383 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1386 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1389 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1392 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1397 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1402 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1404 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1406 if (nflags == flags)
1409 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1415 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1420 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1425 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1427 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1429 if (nflags == flags)
1432 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1438 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1441 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1443 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1450 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1451 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1455 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1457 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1462 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1463 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1466 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1467 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1469 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1472 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1473 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1480 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1483 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1486 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1487 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1496 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1499 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1500 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1501 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1509 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1512 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1513 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1520 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1521 static const char table[] =
1535 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1539 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1543 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1545 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1551 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1555 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1558 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1561 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1567 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1568 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1570 char line[LINE_MAX];
1575 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1576 new_termios = old_termios;
1578 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1579 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1580 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1582 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1585 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1586 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1587 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1592 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1594 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1600 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1607 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1608 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1611 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1616 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1626 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1636 bool need_nl = true;
1639 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1646 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1650 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1653 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1654 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1665 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1670 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1674 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1675 struct termios termios;
1678 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1682 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1683 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1684 * interfere with that. */
1686 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1687 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1689 /* Switch to text mode */
1691 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1693 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1694 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1696 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1701 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1702 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1703 * else will do that for us */
1705 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1706 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1707 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1708 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1709 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1711 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1712 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1713 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1714 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1715 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1716 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1717 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1718 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1719 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1720 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1721 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1722 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1723 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1725 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1726 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1728 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1732 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1733 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1738 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1739 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1741 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1745 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1748 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1753 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1754 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1755 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1756 * retrying a couple of times.
1758 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1761 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1764 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1771 /* Max 1s in total */
1775 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1796 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1797 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1807 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1817 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1823 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1832 int acquire_terminal(
1836 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1839 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1844 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1845 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1846 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1848 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1849 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1850 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1851 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1852 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1853 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1854 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1855 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1857 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1858 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1860 if (!fail && !force) {
1861 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1867 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1875 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1876 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1877 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1881 r = flush_fd(notify);
1886 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1887 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1888 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1889 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1893 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1894 * if we already own the tty. */
1895 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1897 /* First, try to get the tty */
1898 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1901 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1903 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1904 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1905 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1906 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1909 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1918 assert(notify >= 0);
1921 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1923 struct inotify_event *e;
1925 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1928 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1929 if (ts + timeout < n) {
1934 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
1944 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
1947 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
1954 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
1959 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
1964 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
1965 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
1967 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
1974 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
1975 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
1976 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
1977 * an endless loop. */
1983 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1985 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
1996 int release_terminal(void) {
1998 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1999 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2000 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2002 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2004 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2008 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2009 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2010 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2012 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2015 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2020 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2025 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2026 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2033 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2034 struct sigaction sa = {
2035 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2036 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2041 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2045 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2046 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2053 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2054 struct sigaction sa = {
2055 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2056 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2061 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2065 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2066 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2073 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2077 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2079 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2083 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2084 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2087 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2094 while (nbytes > 0) {
2097 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2098 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2101 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2103 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2104 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2107 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, (usec_t) -1);
2112 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2122 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2123 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2129 while (nbytes > 0) {
2132 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2133 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2136 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2138 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2139 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2142 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, (usec_t) -1);
2147 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2157 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2159 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2160 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2161 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2162 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2163 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2164 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2165 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2167 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2168 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2169 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2170 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2175 unsigned long long factor;
2178 static const struct table iec[] = {
2179 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2180 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2181 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2182 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2183 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2189 static const struct table si[] = {
2190 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2191 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2192 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2193 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2194 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2200 const struct table *table;
2202 unsigned long long r = 0;
2203 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2206 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2211 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2214 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2220 unsigned long long l2;
2226 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2239 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2242 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2243 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2245 if (errno == ERANGE)
2248 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2255 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2257 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2258 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2259 unsigned long long tmp;
2260 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2262 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2263 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2267 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2270 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2286 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2291 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2292 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2293 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2298 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2301 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2306 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2309 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2313 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2316 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2318 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2319 * sysfs or in /dev */
2322 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2323 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2326 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2327 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2338 if (!de && errno != 0)
2344 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2349 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2350 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2367 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2368 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2371 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2373 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2375 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2378 if ((size_t) k != n)
2384 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2385 static bool srand_called = false;
2389 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2393 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2394 * get a PRNG instead. */
2396 if (!srand_called) {
2399 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2400 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in
2401 * auxv, so let's try to make use of that to seed the
2402 * pseudo-random generator. It's better than
2407 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2409 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2412 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2413 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2416 srand_called = true;
2419 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2423 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2426 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2427 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2428 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2429 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2430 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2431 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2434 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2436 if (program_invocation_name)
2437 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2439 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2443 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2445 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2449 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2454 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2461 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2462 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2466 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2471 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2474 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2475 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2478 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2484 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2487 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2489 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2490 return strdup(u.nodename);
2492 return strdup(u.sysname);
2495 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2498 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2500 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2503 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2506 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2507 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2509 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2511 return strdup("root");
2513 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2517 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2521 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2522 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2524 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2530 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2534 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2539 return lookup_uid(uid);
2542 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2549 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2552 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2553 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2558 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2564 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2572 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2576 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2580 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2582 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2589 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2591 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2593 unsigned long ttynr;
2597 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2598 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2602 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2612 "%*d " /* session */
2617 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2626 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2627 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2628 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2635 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2639 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2641 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2647 /* This is an ugly hack */
2648 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2649 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2653 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2654 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2655 * vaguely useful. */
2661 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2663 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2681 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2682 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2687 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2688 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2694 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2699 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2706 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2711 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2714 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2716 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2717 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2718 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2723 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2726 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2727 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2729 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2730 keep_around = false;
2736 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2737 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2740 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2741 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2742 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2743 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2748 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2749 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2753 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2754 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2758 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2760 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2761 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2768 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2771 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2772 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2775 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2780 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2785 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2786 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2788 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2789 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2794 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2797 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2803 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2804 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2805 * seriously broken system. */
2806 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2807 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2811 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2814 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2818 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2821 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2822 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2827 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2828 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2835 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2840 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2841 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2847 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2850 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2853 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2862 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2863 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2866 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2867 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2870 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2873 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2874 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2875 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2877 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2878 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2881 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2882 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2888 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2891 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2892 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2893 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2895 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2896 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2899 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2900 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2906 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2910 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2913 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2916 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2917 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2927 if (errno != EINVAL)
2934 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2935 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2936 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2937 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2938 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2940 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2944 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2945 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2947 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2950 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2963 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2969 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
2977 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
2978 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
2981 if (!isempty(status)) {
2982 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
2983 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
2984 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
2986 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
2989 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
2991 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
2993 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
2999 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3005 va_start(ap, format);
3006 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3012 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3019 const char *e, *word = format;
3024 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3035 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3044 } else if (*e == '$') {
3045 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3061 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3063 k = strappend(r, t);
3077 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3088 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3090 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3092 l = strv_length(argv);
3094 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3097 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3099 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3100 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3105 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3108 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3119 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3128 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3136 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3137 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3147 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3148 struct winsize ws = {};
3150 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3159 unsigned columns(void) {
3163 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3164 return cached_columns;
3167 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3172 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3181 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3182 struct winsize ws = {};
3184 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3193 unsigned lines(void) {
3197 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3198 return cached_lines;
3201 e = getenv("LINES");
3206 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3212 return cached_lines;
3215 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3216 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3222 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3224 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3225 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3227 return cached_on_tty;
3230 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3233 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3236 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3239 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3240 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3243 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3246 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3253 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3258 assert(percent <= 100);
3259 assert(new_length >= 3);
3261 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3262 return strndup(s, old_length);
3264 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3268 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3270 if (x > new_length - 3)
3278 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3279 new_length - x - 3);
3284 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3288 unsigned k, len, len2;
3291 assert(percent <= 100);
3292 assert(new_length >= 3);
3294 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3295 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3296 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3298 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3299 return strndup(s, old_length);
3301 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3303 if (x > new_length - 3)
3307 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3310 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3313 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3316 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3319 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3322 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3323 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3326 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3330 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3332 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3334 /* make space for ellipsis */
3335 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3338 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3339 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3344 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3345 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3349 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3353 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3358 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3359 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3362 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3363 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3369 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3371 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3376 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3381 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1) {
3382 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3387 if (stamp != (usec_t) -1) {
3388 struct timespec ts[2];
3390 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3392 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3394 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3401 int touch(const char *path) {
3402 return touch_file(path, false, (usec_t) -1, (uid_t) -1, (gid_t) -1, 0);
3405 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3409 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3410 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3411 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3418 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3419 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3424 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3425 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3428 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3440 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3444 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3452 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3456 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3462 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3473 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3485 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3492 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3494 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3498 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3499 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3500 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3501 return status.si_status;
3504 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3507 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3508 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3510 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3514 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3518 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3520 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3521 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3529 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3532 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3535 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3541 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3546 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3549 return null_or_empty(&st);
3552 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3556 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3558 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3571 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3575 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3577 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3578 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3583 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3584 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3587 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3591 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3592 t = new(char, enc_len);
3596 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3599 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3602 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3605 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3606 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3608 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3609 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3611 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3612 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3614 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3615 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3620 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3623 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3626 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3629 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3632 return streq(tty, "console");
3635 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3640 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3643 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3646 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3649 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3653 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3659 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3662 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3663 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3665 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3668 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3671 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3672 * /dev/console points to */
3673 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3679 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3682 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3683 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3685 tty = *active = tmp;
3692 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3693 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3697 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3700 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3701 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3706 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3709 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3712 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3715 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3718 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3721 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3722 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3723 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3729 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3732 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3733 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3734 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3737 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3740 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3743 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3749 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
3750 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
3752 executor_pid = fork();
3753 if (executor_pid < 0) {
3754 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3757 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
3758 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3759 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
3763 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
3764 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
3767 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3769 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
3770 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) == 0);
3772 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3775 d = _d = opendir(directory);
3777 if (errno == ENOENT)
3778 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3780 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3781 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3785 pids = hashmap_new(NULL, NULL);
3788 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3791 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3792 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3795 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3798 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3800 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3805 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3807 } else if (pid == 0) {
3810 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3820 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3821 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3825 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
3827 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
3830 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3836 /* Abort execution of this process after the
3837 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
3838 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
3840 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
3841 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
3843 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3844 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3847 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3850 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
3853 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid);
3856 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3859 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid);
3862 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3865 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3873 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3879 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3880 if (streq(i, needle))
3886 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3887 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3890 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3899 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3901 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3902 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3903 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3909 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3916 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3923 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3933 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3939 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3943 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3950 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3951 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3962 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3967 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3968 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3970 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3975 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3982 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3985 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3987 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3995 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4002 return pollfd.revents;
4005 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4014 t = tempfn_xxxxxx(path);
4018 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4024 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4037 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4040 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4046 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4047 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4049 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4053 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4056 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4060 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4061 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4062 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4064 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4067 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4068 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4069 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4071 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4076 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4077 "\033[H" /* move home */
4078 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4085 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4088 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4095 /* Try to deallocate */
4096 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4100 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4109 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4111 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4116 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4117 "\033[H" /* move home */
4118 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4125 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4126 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4131 t = tempfn_random(to);
4135 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4138 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4146 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4147 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4151 t = tempfn_random(path);
4155 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4158 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4166 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4167 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4171 t = tempfn_random(path);
4175 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4178 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4186 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4190 display[0] == ':' &&
4191 display[1] >= '0' &&
4195 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4202 if (!display_is_local(display))
4205 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4207 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4211 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4212 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4221 const char **username,
4222 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4224 const char **shell) {
4232 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4233 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4235 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4253 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4257 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4258 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4259 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4260 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4261 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4263 *username = p->pw_name;
4266 p = getpwnam(*username);
4270 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4282 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4287 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4292 return strdup("root");
4296 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4298 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4304 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4309 return strdup("root");
4313 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4315 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4321 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4327 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4328 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4330 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4331 *groupname = "root";
4339 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4344 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4347 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4351 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4359 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4361 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4363 if (getgid() == gid)
4366 if (getegid() == gid)
4369 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4370 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4372 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4374 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4378 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4385 int in_group(const char *name) {
4389 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4396 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4397 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4403 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4405 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4407 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4410 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4412 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4415 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4416 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4421 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4423 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4425 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4427 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4428 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4430 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4431 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4439 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4445 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4448 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4452 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4453 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4454 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4455 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4456 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4457 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4458 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4464 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4465 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4466 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4467 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4471 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4472 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4484 if (!de && errno != 0)
4489 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4491 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4495 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4496 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4499 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4510 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4516 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4530 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4535 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4559 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4573 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4574 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4576 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4577 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4582 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4589 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4590 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4593 r = access(p, F_OK);
4601 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4602 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4605 r = access(p, F_OK);
4611 /* Get parent dev_t */
4612 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4615 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4621 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4627 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4628 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4631 r = access(p, F_OK);
4635 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4642 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4647 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4651 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4652 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4655 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4656 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4657 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4658 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4659 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4662 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4664 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4665 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4666 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4667 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4668 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4669 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4670 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4673 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4675 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4676 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4677 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4678 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4679 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4680 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4681 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4682 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4683 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4684 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4685 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4686 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4687 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4688 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4689 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4690 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4691 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4692 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4693 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4694 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4695 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4698 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4700 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4701 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4702 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4703 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4705 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4706 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4707 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4708 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4711 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4713 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4714 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4715 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4716 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4717 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4721 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4723 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4724 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4725 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4726 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4727 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4728 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4729 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4730 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4731 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4732 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4733 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4734 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4735 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4736 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4737 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4738 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4739 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4742 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4744 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4745 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4746 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4747 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4748 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4751 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4753 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4770 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4781 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4783 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4789 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4791 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4792 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4795 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4799 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4800 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4802 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4807 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4812 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4816 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4820 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4821 signo = (int) u + offset;
4822 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4828 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4829 bool loaded = false;
4832 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4840 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4858 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4860 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4869 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4876 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4879 static const struct {
4883 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4884 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4885 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4886 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4887 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4891 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4893 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4896 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4897 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4904 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4912 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4925 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4927 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4929 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4930 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
4933 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
4936 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4937 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4943 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4945 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4947 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
4948 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
4951 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
4954 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4955 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4960 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
4961 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
4963 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
4971 parent_pid = getpid();
4973 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
4980 if (agent_pid != 0) {
4987 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
4988 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
4989 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4991 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
4992 * to set the death signal */
4993 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
4994 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4996 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
4997 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
4999 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5000 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5002 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5003 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5004 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5005 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5006 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5007 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5008 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5009 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5010 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5012 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5013 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5017 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5020 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5026 /* Count arguments */
5028 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5033 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5035 /* Fill in arguments */
5037 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5038 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5042 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5045 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5046 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5050 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5056 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5057 * to get as close as we can */
5058 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5060 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5061 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5063 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5069 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5070 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5081 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5083 f = fopen(path, "re");
5091 char line[LINE_MAX];
5094 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5098 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5108 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5109 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5123 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5126 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5129 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5132 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5135 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5138 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5144 bool in_initrd(void) {
5145 static int saved = -1;
5151 /* We make two checks here:
5153 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5154 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5156 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5157 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5158 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5161 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5162 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5163 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5168 void warn_melody(void) {
5169 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5171 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5175 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5177 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5178 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5180 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5181 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5183 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5184 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5186 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5189 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5192 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5194 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5196 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5202 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5209 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5217 /* Take the user specified one */
5228 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5231 h = strdup("/root");
5239 /* Check the database... */
5243 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5245 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5248 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5256 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5264 /* Take the user specified one */
5265 e = getenv("SHELL");
5275 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5278 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5286 /* Check the database... */
5290 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5292 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5295 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5303 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5317 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5323 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5328 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5329 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5332 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5340 * Check if a string contains control characters.
5341 * Spaces and tabs are not considered control characters.
5343 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5348 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5349 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ' && *t != '\t')
5355 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5360 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5363 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5366 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5367 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5370 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5376 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5377 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5378 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5387 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5388 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5391 else if (comparison > 0)
5399 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5401 static int cached_answer = -1;
5403 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5406 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5407 cached_answer = true;
5411 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5413 cached_answer = true;
5417 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5418 cached_answer = true;
5422 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5423 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5424 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5426 cached_answer = true;
5430 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5434 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5435 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5439 return (bool) cached_answer;
5442 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5443 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5446 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5447 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5448 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5449 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5450 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5451 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5452 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5453 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5456 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5457 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5458 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5459 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5460 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5461 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5462 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5463 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5468 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5471 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5474 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5480 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5481 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5494 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5500 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5501 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5509 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5521 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5522 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5527 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5529 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5535 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5537 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5539 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5543 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5548 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5550 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5551 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5552 else if (*i == '\t')
5559 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5562 } else if (*i == '[') {
5563 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5568 state = STATE_OTHER;
5575 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5576 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5579 state = STATE_OTHER;
5581 } else if (*i == 'm')
5582 state = STATE_OTHER;
5604 int on_ac_power(void) {
5605 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5606 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5608 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5614 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5620 if (!de && errno != 0)
5626 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5629 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5631 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5637 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5639 if (errno == ENOENT)
5645 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5649 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5653 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5655 if (errno == ENOENT)
5661 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5665 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5668 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5669 found_online = true;
5671 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5672 found_offline = true;
5677 return found_online || !found_offline;
5680 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5687 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5690 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5691 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5695 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5697 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5707 if (errno != ENOENT)
5714 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5715 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5721 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5724 f = fopen(path, mode);
5733 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5737 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
5740 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5741 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5743 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5746 f = fopen(path, mode);
5755 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5759 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
5762 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5769 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5776 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5781 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5790 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5800 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5814 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5822 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5826 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5833 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
5840 if (*allocated >= need)
5843 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
5844 a = newalloc * size;
5846 /* check for overflows */
5847 if (a < size * need)
5855 *allocated = newalloc;
5859 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
5868 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
5872 if (*allocated > prev)
5873 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
5878 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5884 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5886 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5889 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5890 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5891 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5895 } else if (l == 36) {
5897 /* Formatted UUID */
5899 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5902 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5906 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5907 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5908 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5919 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
5934 a = strndup(s, x - s);
5938 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
5950 int shall_restore_state(void) {
5951 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
5956 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
5959 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
5964 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
5972 e = startswith(n, "systemd.restore_state=");
5976 k = parse_boolean(e);
5984 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
5987 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
5988 char *buf = NULL, *p;
5991 r = read_full_file("/proc/1/cmdline", &buf, &sz);
5995 for (p = buf; p + 1 < buf + sz; p++)
6004 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6011 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6012 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6019 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6021 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
6025 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
6026 char word[l+1], *value;
6031 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6033 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6036 value = strchr(word, '=');
6040 r = parse_item(word, value);
6048 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6049 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6057 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6058 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6066 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6069 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6079 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6080 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6088 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6089 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6097 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6098 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6106 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6107 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6115 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6116 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6122 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6125 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6128 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6133 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6138 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6141 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6145 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6149 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6153 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6156 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6160 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6163 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6166 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6172 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6173 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6178 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6181 return errno != ESRCH;
6184 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6187 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6192 r = get_process_state(pid);
6193 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6199 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6200 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6207 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6211 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6214 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6215 * to namespacing issues */
6223 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6235 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6239 if (errno != ERANGE)
6246 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6262 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6263 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6264 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6271 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6278 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6285 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6286 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6291 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6292 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6294 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6302 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6305 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6308 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6309 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6311 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6312 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6314 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6315 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6320 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6322 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6323 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6324 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6325 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6326 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6327 * used by libseccomp. */
6329 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6331 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6334 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6337 #elif defined(__i386__)
6339 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6343 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6344 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6345 * as error indicator. */
6346 return 0xffffffffUL;
6349 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6351 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6353 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6359 #elif defined(__i386__)
6368 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6371 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6372 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6374 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6377 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6380 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6382 struct mntent me = {
6383 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6388 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6394 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6397 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6398 const uint8_t *b = p;
6401 assert(s == 0 || b);
6406 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6408 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6413 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6421 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6426 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6440 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6445 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6447 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6448 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6450 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6455 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6459 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6460 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6461 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6464 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6469 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6470 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6474 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6477 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6478 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6479 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6480 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6481 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6482 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6483 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6484 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6485 "- " /* (8) separator */
6486 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6487 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6488 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6489 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6498 p = cunescape(path);
6502 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6505 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6521 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6522 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6523 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6526 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6527 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6528 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6529 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6530 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6531 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6532 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6533 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6534 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6535 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6536 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6537 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6538 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6540 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6544 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6546 done = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
6551 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6552 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6553 bool top_autofs = false;
6556 todo = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
6560 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6561 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6565 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6568 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6569 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6570 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6571 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6572 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6573 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6574 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6575 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6576 "- " /* (8) separator */
6577 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6578 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6579 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6580 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6590 p = cunescape(path);
6594 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6595 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6596 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6597 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6598 * already triggered, then we will find
6599 * another entry for this. */
6600 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6601 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6605 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6606 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6608 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6618 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6619 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6621 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6622 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6625 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6626 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6627 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6628 * mount, make it one. */
6629 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6632 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6635 x = strdup(cleaned);
6639 r = set_consume(done, x);
6644 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6646 r = set_consume(done, x);
6652 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6654 /* Deal with mount points that are
6655 * obstructed by a later mount */
6657 if (errno != ENOENT)
6665 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6672 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6677 char *tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p) {
6684 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 6 + 1);
6691 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn), "XXXXXX");
6696 char *tempfn_random(const char *p) {
6705 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 16 + 1);
6712 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn);
6715 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6716 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);