1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
151 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
152 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
163 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
170 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
173 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
177 int close_nointr(int fd) {
184 else if (errno == EINTR)
186 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
187 * thing to do on Linux.
189 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
190 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
191 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
192 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
199 int safe_close(int fd) {
202 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
203 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
204 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
206 * fd = safe_close(fd);
212 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
213 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
214 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
215 * the fd was invalid at all... */
217 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
223 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
226 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
228 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
232 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
243 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
246 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
248 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
254 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
255 unsigned long ul = 0;
262 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
268 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
278 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
279 unsigned long ul = 0;
286 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
292 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
295 /* Some libc APIs use (uid_t) -1 as special placeholder */
296 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
299 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
300 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
307 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
315 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
317 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
318 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
320 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
323 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
327 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
335 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
337 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
338 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
340 if ((long) (int) l != l)
347 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
355 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
357 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
358 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
360 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
367 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
369 unsigned long long l;
375 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
377 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
378 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
384 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
392 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
394 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
395 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
401 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
408 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
413 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
414 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
420 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
421 bool escaped = false;
424 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
427 else if (s[n] == '\\')
429 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
432 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
436 /* Split a string into words. */
437 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
443 assert(**state == '\0');
447 current += strspn(current, separator);
453 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
454 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
456 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
457 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
458 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
459 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end*/
463 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
464 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
466 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
467 *state = current + *l;
469 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
470 *state = current + *l;
476 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
478 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
490 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
491 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
495 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
496 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
497 * skip over it manually */
499 p = strrchr(line, ')');
511 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
514 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
519 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
521 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
527 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
528 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
532 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
533 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
534 * skip over it manually */
536 p = strrchr(line, ')');
558 "%*d " /* priority */
560 "%*d " /* num_threads */
561 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
562 "%llu " /* starttime */,
569 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
574 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
580 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
583 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
587 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
591 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
595 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
596 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
600 p = strrchr(line, ')');
606 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
609 return (unsigned char) state;
612 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
619 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
621 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
628 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
629 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
637 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
643 if (max_length == 0) {
644 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
646 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
648 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
653 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
663 r = new(char, max_length);
669 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
691 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
698 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
699 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
700 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
708 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
712 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
721 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
733 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
738 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
742 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
745 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
750 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
756 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
758 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
761 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
769 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
771 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
773 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
775 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
782 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
783 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
793 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
798 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
803 if (startswith(l, field)) {
805 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
807 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
809 return parse_uid(l, uid);
816 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
817 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
820 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
821 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
822 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
825 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
833 return strndup(suffix, b);
842 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
845 r = new(char, a+b+1);
850 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
856 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
857 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
860 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
875 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
882 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
893 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
894 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
897 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
898 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
905 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
909 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
917 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
924 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
928 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
935 path_kill_slashes(*r);
940 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
943 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
944 struct sigaction sa = {
945 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
946 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
949 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
952 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
953 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
954 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
962 char *strstrip(char *s) {
965 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
966 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
968 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
970 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
971 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
979 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
982 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
984 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
996 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1003 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1004 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1007 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1008 return strdup(filename);
1010 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1011 return strdup(filename);
1013 k = strlen(filename);
1014 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1017 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1018 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1023 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1032 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1033 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1039 /* Skip last component */
1040 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1043 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1044 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1050 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1053 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1062 if (errno != ENOENT)
1069 char hexchar(int x) {
1070 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1072 return table[x & 15];
1075 int unhexchar(char c) {
1077 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1080 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1081 return c - 'a' + 10;
1083 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1084 return c - 'A' + 10;
1089 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1093 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1097 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1098 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1099 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1106 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1112 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1116 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1119 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1121 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1125 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1132 char octchar(int x) {
1133 return '0' + (x & 7);
1136 int unoctchar(char c) {
1138 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1144 char decchar(int x) {
1145 return '0' + (x % 10);
1148 int undecchar(char c) {
1150 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1156 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1162 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1164 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1168 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1214 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1215 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1216 * g_strescape() does the same */
1217 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1219 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1220 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1221 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1232 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1239 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1241 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1243 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1248 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1250 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1293 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1298 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1301 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1302 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1304 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1305 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1309 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1324 /* octal encoding */
1327 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1328 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1329 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1331 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1332 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1336 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1344 /* premature end of string.*/
1349 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1361 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1362 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1365 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1368 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1371 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1375 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1376 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1379 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1383 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1385 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1386 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1389 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1390 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1400 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1405 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1406 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1407 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1412 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1416 filename[0] == '.' ||
1417 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1418 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1419 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1420 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1421 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1422 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1423 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1424 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1425 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1426 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1429 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1432 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1435 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1438 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1443 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1448 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1450 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1452 if (nflags == flags)
1455 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1461 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1466 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1471 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1473 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1475 if (nflags == flags)
1478 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1484 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1487 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1489 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1496 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1497 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1501 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1503 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1508 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1509 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1512 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1513 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1515 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1518 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1519 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1526 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1529 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1532 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1533 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1542 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1545 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1546 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1547 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1555 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1558 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1559 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1566 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1567 static const char table[] =
1581 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1585 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1589 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1591 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1597 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1601 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1604 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1607 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1613 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1614 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1615 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1620 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1621 new_termios = old_termios;
1623 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1624 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1625 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1627 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1630 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1631 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1632 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1637 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1639 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1645 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1652 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1653 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1658 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1659 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1663 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1673 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1683 bool need_nl = true;
1686 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1693 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1697 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1700 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1701 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1712 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1717 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1721 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1726 char line[LINE_MAX];
1730 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1737 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1742 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1743 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1745 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1764 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1765 struct termios termios;
1768 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1772 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1773 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1774 * interfere with that. */
1776 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1777 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1779 /* Switch to text mode */
1781 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1783 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1784 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1786 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1791 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1792 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1793 * else will do that for us */
1795 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1796 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1797 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1798 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1799 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1801 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1802 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1803 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1804 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1805 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1806 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1807 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1808 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1809 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1810 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1811 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1812 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1813 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1815 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1816 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1818 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1822 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1823 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1828 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1829 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1831 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1835 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1838 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1843 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1844 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1845 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1846 * retrying a couple of times.
1848 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1851 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1854 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1861 /* Max 1s in total */
1865 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1886 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1887 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1897 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1907 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1913 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1922 int acquire_terminal(
1926 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1929 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1934 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1935 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1936 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1938 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1939 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1940 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1941 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1942 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1943 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1944 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1945 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1947 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
1948 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1950 if (!fail && !force) {
1951 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1957 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1965 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1966 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1967 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1971 r = flush_fd(notify);
1976 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1977 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1978 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1979 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1983 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1984 * if we already own the tty. */
1985 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1987 /* First, try to get the tty */
1988 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1991 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1993 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1994 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1995 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1996 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1999 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2008 assert(notify >= 0);
2011 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2013 struct inotify_event *e;
2015 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2018 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2019 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2024 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2034 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2037 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2044 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2049 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2054 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2055 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2057 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2064 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2065 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2066 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2067 * an endless loop. */
2073 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2075 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2086 int release_terminal(void) {
2088 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2089 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2090 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2092 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2094 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2098 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2099 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2100 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2102 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2105 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2110 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2115 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2116 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2123 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2124 struct sigaction sa = {
2125 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2126 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2131 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2135 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2136 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2143 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2144 struct sigaction sa = {
2145 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2146 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2151 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2155 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2156 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2163 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2167 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2169 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2173 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2174 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2177 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2184 while (nbytes > 0) {
2187 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2188 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2191 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2193 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2194 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2197 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2202 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2212 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2213 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2219 while (nbytes > 0) {
2222 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2223 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2226 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2228 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2229 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2232 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2237 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2247 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2249 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2250 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2251 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2252 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2253 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2254 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2255 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2257 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2258 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2259 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2260 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2265 unsigned long long factor;
2268 static const struct table iec[] = {
2269 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2270 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2271 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2272 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2273 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2279 static const struct table si[] = {
2280 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2281 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2282 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2283 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2284 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2290 const struct table *table;
2292 unsigned long long r = 0;
2293 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2296 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2301 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2304 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2310 unsigned long long l2;
2316 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2329 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2332 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2333 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2335 if (errno == ERANGE)
2338 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2345 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2347 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2348 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2349 unsigned long long tmp;
2350 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2352 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2353 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2357 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2360 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2376 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2381 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2382 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2383 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2388 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2391 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2396 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2399 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2403 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2406 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2408 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2409 * sysfs or in /dev */
2412 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2413 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2416 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2417 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2428 if (!de && errno != 0)
2434 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2439 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2440 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2457 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2458 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2461 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2463 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2465 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2468 if ((size_t) k != n)
2474 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2475 static bool srand_called = false;
2479 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2483 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2484 * get a PRNG instead. */
2486 if (!srand_called) {
2489 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2490 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in
2491 * auxv, so let's try to make use of that to seed the
2492 * pseudo-random generator. It's better than
2497 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2499 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2502 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2503 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2506 srand_called = true;
2509 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2513 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2516 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2517 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2518 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2519 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2520 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2521 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2524 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2526 if (program_invocation_name)
2527 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2529 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2533 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2535 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2539 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2544 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2551 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2552 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2556 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2561 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2564 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2565 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2568 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2574 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2577 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2579 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2580 return strdup(u.nodename);
2582 return strdup(u.sysname);
2585 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2588 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2590 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2593 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2596 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2597 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2599 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2601 return strdup("root");
2603 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2607 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2611 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2612 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2614 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2620 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2624 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2629 return lookup_uid(uid);
2632 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2639 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2642 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2643 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2648 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2654 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2662 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2666 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2670 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2672 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2679 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2681 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2683 unsigned long ttynr;
2687 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2688 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2692 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2702 "%*d " /* session */
2707 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2716 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2717 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2718 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2725 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2729 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2731 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2737 /* This is an ugly hack */
2738 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2739 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2743 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2744 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2745 * vaguely useful. */
2751 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2753 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2771 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2772 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2777 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2778 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2784 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2789 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2796 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2801 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2804 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2806 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2807 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2808 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2813 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2816 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2817 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2819 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2820 keep_around = false;
2826 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2827 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2830 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2831 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2832 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2833 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2838 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2839 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2843 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2844 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2848 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2850 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2851 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2858 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2861 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2862 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2865 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2870 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2875 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2876 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2878 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2879 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2884 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2887 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2893 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2894 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2895 * seriously broken system. */
2896 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2897 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2901 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2904 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2908 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2911 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2912 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2917 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2918 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2925 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2930 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2931 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2937 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2940 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2943 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2952 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2953 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2956 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2957 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2960 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2963 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2964 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2965 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2967 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2968 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2971 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2972 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2978 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2981 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2982 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2983 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2985 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2986 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2989 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2990 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2996 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3000 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3003 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3006 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3007 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3017 if (errno != EINVAL)
3024 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3025 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3026 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3027 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3028 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3030 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3034 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3035 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3037 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3040 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3053 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3059 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3067 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3068 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3071 if (!isempty(status)) {
3072 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3073 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3074 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3076 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3079 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3081 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3083 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3089 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3095 va_start(ap, format);
3096 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3102 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3109 const char *e, *word = format;
3114 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3125 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3134 } else if (*e == '$') {
3135 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3151 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3153 k = strappend(r, t);
3167 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3178 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3180 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3182 l = strv_length(argv);
3184 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3188 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3190 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3191 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3196 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3200 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e);
3212 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3222 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3230 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3231 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3243 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3244 struct winsize ws = {};
3246 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3255 unsigned columns(void) {
3259 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3260 return cached_columns;
3263 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3268 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3277 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3278 struct winsize ws = {};
3280 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3289 unsigned lines(void) {
3293 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3294 return cached_lines;
3297 e = getenv("LINES");
3302 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3308 return cached_lines;
3311 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3312 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3318 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3320 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3321 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3323 return cached_on_tty;
3326 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3329 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3332 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3335 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3336 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3339 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3342 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3349 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3354 assert(percent <= 100);
3355 assert(new_length >= 3);
3357 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3358 return strndup(s, old_length);
3360 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3364 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3366 if (x > new_length - 3)
3374 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3375 new_length - x - 3);
3380 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3384 unsigned k, len, len2;
3387 assert(percent <= 100);
3388 assert(new_length >= 3);
3390 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3391 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3392 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3394 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3395 return strndup(s, old_length);
3397 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3399 if (x > new_length - 3)
3403 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3406 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3409 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3412 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3415 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3418 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3419 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3422 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3426 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3428 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3430 /* make space for ellipsis */
3431 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3434 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3435 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3440 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3441 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3445 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3449 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3454 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3455 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3458 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3459 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3465 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3467 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3472 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3477 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1) {
3478 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3483 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3484 struct timespec ts[2];
3486 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3488 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3490 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3497 int touch(const char *path) {
3498 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, (uid_t) -1, (gid_t) -1, 0);
3501 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3505 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3506 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3507 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3514 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3515 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3520 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3521 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3524 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3536 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3540 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3548 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3552 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3558 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3569 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3583 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3584 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3585 * failed for an unknown reason.
3586 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3589 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3590 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3592 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3599 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3601 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3605 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3606 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3607 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3608 return status.si_status;
3611 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3614 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3615 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3617 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3621 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3625 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3627 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3628 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3636 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3639 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3642 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3648 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3653 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3656 return null_or_empty(&st);
3659 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3664 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3667 return null_or_empty(&st);
3670 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3674 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3676 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3689 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3693 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3695 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3696 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3701 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3702 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3705 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3709 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3710 t = new(char, enc_len);
3714 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3717 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3720 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3723 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3724 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3726 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3727 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3729 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3730 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3732 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3733 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3738 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3741 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3744 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3747 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3750 return streq(tty, "console");
3753 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3758 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3761 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3764 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3767 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3771 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3777 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3780 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3781 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3783 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3786 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3789 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3790 * /dev/console points to */
3791 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3797 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3800 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3801 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3803 tty = *active = tmp;
3810 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3811 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3815 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3818 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3819 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3824 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3827 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3830 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3833 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3836 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3839 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3840 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3841 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3847 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3850 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3851 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3852 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3855 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3858 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3861 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3867 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
3868 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
3870 executor_pid = fork();
3871 if (executor_pid < 0) {
3872 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3875 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
3876 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3877 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
3881 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
3882 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
3885 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3887 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
3888 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) == 0);
3890 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3893 d = _d = opendir(directory);
3895 if (errno == ENOENT)
3896 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3898 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3899 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3903 pids = hashmap_new(NULL, NULL);
3906 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3909 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3910 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3913 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3916 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
3919 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3924 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3926 } else if (pid == 0) {
3929 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3939 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3940 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3944 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
3946 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
3949 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3955 /* Abort execution of this process after the
3956 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
3957 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
3959 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
3960 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
3962 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3963 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3966 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3969 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
3972 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid);
3975 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3978 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid);
3981 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3984 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3992 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3998 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3999 if (streq(i, needle))
4005 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4006 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4009 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4018 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4020 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4021 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4022 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4028 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4035 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4042 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4052 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4058 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4062 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4069 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4070 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4081 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4086 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4088 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4091 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4092 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4101 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4102 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4104 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4109 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4116 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4119 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4121 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4129 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4136 return pollfd.revents;
4139 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4148 t = tempfn_xxxxxx(path);
4152 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4158 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4171 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4174 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4180 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4181 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4183 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4187 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4190 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4194 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4195 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4196 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4198 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4201 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4202 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4203 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4205 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4210 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4211 "\033[H" /* move home */
4212 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4219 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4222 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4229 /* Try to deallocate */
4230 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4234 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4243 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4245 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4250 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4251 "\033[H" /* move home */
4252 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4259 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4260 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4265 t = tempfn_random(to);
4269 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4272 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4280 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4281 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4285 t = tempfn_random(path);
4289 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4292 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4300 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4301 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4305 t = tempfn_random(path);
4309 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4312 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4320 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4324 display[0] == ':' &&
4325 display[1] >= '0' &&
4329 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4336 if (!display_is_local(display))
4339 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4341 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4345 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4346 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4355 const char **username,
4356 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4358 const char **shell) {
4366 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4367 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4369 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4387 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4391 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4392 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4393 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4394 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4395 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4397 *username = p->pw_name;
4400 p = getpwnam(*username);
4404 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4416 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4421 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4426 return strdup("root");
4430 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4432 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4438 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4443 return strdup("root");
4447 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4449 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4455 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4461 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4462 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4464 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4465 *groupname = "root";
4473 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4478 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4481 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4485 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4493 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4495 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4497 if (getgid() == gid)
4500 if (getegid() == gid)
4503 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4504 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4506 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4508 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4512 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4519 int in_group(const char *name) {
4523 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4530 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4531 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4537 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4539 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4541 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4544 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4546 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4549 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4550 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4555 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4557 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4559 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4561 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4562 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4564 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4565 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4573 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4579 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4582 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4586 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4587 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4588 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4589 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4590 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4591 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4592 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4598 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4599 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4600 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4601 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4605 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4606 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4618 if (!de && errno != 0)
4623 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4625 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4629 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4630 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4633 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4644 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4650 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4664 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4669 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4693 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4707 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4708 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4710 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4711 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4716 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4723 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4724 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4727 r = access(p, F_OK);
4735 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4736 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4739 r = access(p, F_OK);
4745 /* Get parent dev_t */
4746 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4749 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4755 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4761 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4762 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4765 r = access(p, F_OK);
4769 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4776 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4781 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4785 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4786 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4789 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4790 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4791 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4792 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4793 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4796 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4798 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4799 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4800 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4801 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4802 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4803 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4804 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4807 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4809 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4810 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4811 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4812 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4813 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4814 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4815 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4816 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4817 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4818 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4819 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4820 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4821 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4822 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4823 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4824 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4825 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4826 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4827 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4828 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4829 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4832 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4834 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4835 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4836 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4837 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4839 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4840 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4841 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4842 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4845 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4847 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4848 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4849 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4850 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4851 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4855 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4857 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4858 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4859 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4860 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4861 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4862 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4863 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4864 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4865 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4866 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4867 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4868 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4869 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4870 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4871 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4872 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4873 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4876 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4878 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4879 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4880 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4881 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4882 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4885 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4887 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4904 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4915 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4917 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4923 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4925 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4926 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4929 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4933 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4934 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4936 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4941 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4946 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4950 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4954 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4955 signo = (int) u + offset;
4956 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4962 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4963 bool loaded = false;
4966 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4974 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4992 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4994 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5003 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5010 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5013 static const struct {
5017 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5018 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5019 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5020 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5021 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5025 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5027 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5030 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5031 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5038 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5046 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5059 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5061 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5063 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5064 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5067 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5070 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5071 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5077 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5079 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5081 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5082 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5085 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5088 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5089 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5094 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5095 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5097 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5105 parent_pid = getpid();
5107 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5114 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5121 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5122 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5123 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5125 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5126 * to set the death signal */
5127 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5128 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5130 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5131 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5133 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5134 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5136 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5137 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5138 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5139 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5140 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5141 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5142 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5143 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5144 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5146 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5147 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5151 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5154 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5160 /* Count arguments */
5162 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5167 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5169 /* Fill in arguments */
5171 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5172 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5176 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5179 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5180 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5184 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5190 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5191 * to get as close as we can */
5192 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5194 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5195 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5197 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5203 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5204 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5215 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5217 f = fopen(path, "re");
5225 char line[LINE_MAX];
5228 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5232 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5242 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5243 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5257 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5260 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5263 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5266 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5269 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5272 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5278 bool in_initrd(void) {
5279 static int saved = -1;
5285 /* We make two checks here:
5287 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5288 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5290 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5291 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5292 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5295 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5296 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5297 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5302 void warn_melody(void) {
5303 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5305 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5309 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5311 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5312 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5314 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5315 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5317 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5318 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5320 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5323 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5326 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5328 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5330 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5336 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5343 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5351 /* Take the user specified one */
5352 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5353 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5362 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5365 h = strdup("/root");
5373 /* Check the database... */
5377 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5379 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5382 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5390 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5398 /* Take the user specified one */
5399 e = getenv("SHELL");
5409 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5412 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5420 /* Check the database... */
5424 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5426 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5429 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5437 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5451 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5457 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5463 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5464 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5467 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5475 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5476 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5478 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5483 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5484 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5487 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5497 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5502 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5505 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5508 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5509 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5512 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5518 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5519 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5520 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5529 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5530 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5533 else if (comparison > 0)
5541 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5543 static int cached_answer = -1;
5545 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5548 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5549 cached_answer = true;
5553 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5555 cached_answer = true;
5559 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5560 cached_answer = true;
5564 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5565 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5566 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5568 cached_answer = true;
5572 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5576 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5577 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5581 return (bool) cached_answer;
5584 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5585 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5588 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5589 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5590 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5591 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5592 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5593 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5594 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5595 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5598 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5599 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5600 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5601 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5602 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5603 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5604 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5605 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5610 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5613 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5616 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5622 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5623 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5636 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5642 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5643 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5651 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5663 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5664 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5669 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5671 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5677 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5679 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5681 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5685 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5690 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5692 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5693 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5694 else if (*i == '\t')
5701 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5704 } else if (*i == '[') {
5705 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5710 state = STATE_OTHER;
5717 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5718 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5721 state = STATE_OTHER;
5723 } else if (*i == 'm')
5724 state = STATE_OTHER;
5746 int on_ac_power(void) {
5747 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5748 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5750 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5756 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5762 if (!de && errno != 0)
5768 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5771 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5773 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5779 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5781 if (errno == ENOENT)
5787 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5791 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5795 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5797 if (errno == ENOENT)
5803 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5807 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5810 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5811 found_online = true;
5813 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5814 found_offline = true;
5819 return found_online || !found_offline;
5822 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5829 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5832 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5833 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5837 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5839 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5849 if (errno != ENOENT)
5856 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5857 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5863 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5866 f = fopen(path, mode);
5875 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5879 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
5882 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5883 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5885 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5888 f = fopen(path, mode);
5897 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5901 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
5904 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5911 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5918 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5923 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5932 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5942 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5956 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5964 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5968 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5975 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
5982 if (*allocated >= need)
5985 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
5986 a = newalloc * size;
5988 /* check for overflows */
5989 if (a < size * need)
5997 *allocated = newalloc;
6001 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6010 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6014 if (*allocated > prev)
6015 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6020 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6026 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6028 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6031 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6032 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6033 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6037 } else if (l == 36) {
6039 /* Formatted UUID */
6041 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6044 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6048 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6049 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6050 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6061 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6076 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6080 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6092 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6093 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6094 const char *word, *state;
6098 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6101 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
6106 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(word, l, line, state) {
6114 e = startswith(n, "systemd.restore_state=");
6118 k = parse_boolean(e);
6126 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6129 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
6130 char *buf = NULL, *p;
6133 r = read_full_file("/proc/1/cmdline", &buf, &sz);
6137 for (p = buf; p + 1 < buf + sz; p++)
6146 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6153 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6154 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6155 const char *w, *state;
6161 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6163 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
6167 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
6168 char word[l+1], *value;
6173 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6175 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6178 value = strchr(word, '=');
6182 r = parse_item(word, value);
6190 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6191 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6199 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6200 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6208 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6211 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6221 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6222 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6230 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6231 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6239 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6240 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6248 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6249 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6257 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6258 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6264 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6267 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6270 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6275 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6280 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6283 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6287 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6291 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6295 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6298 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6302 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6305 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6308 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6314 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6315 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6320 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6323 return errno != ESRCH;
6326 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6329 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6334 r = get_process_state(pid);
6335 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6341 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6342 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6349 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6353 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6356 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6357 * to namespacing issues */
6365 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6377 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6381 if (errno != ERANGE)
6388 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6404 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6405 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6406 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6413 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6420 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6427 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6428 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6433 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6434 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6436 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6444 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6447 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6450 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6451 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6453 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6454 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6456 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6457 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6462 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6464 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6465 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6466 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6467 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6468 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6469 * used by libseccomp. */
6471 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6473 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6476 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6479 #elif defined(__i386__)
6481 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6485 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6486 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6487 * as error indicator. */
6488 return 0xffffffffUL;
6491 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6493 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6495 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6501 #elif defined(__i386__)
6510 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6513 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6514 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6516 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6519 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6522 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6524 struct mntent me = {
6525 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6530 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6536 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6539 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6540 const uint8_t *b = p;
6543 assert(s == 0 || b);
6548 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6550 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6555 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6563 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6568 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6582 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6587 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6589 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6590 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6592 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6597 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6601 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6602 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6603 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6606 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6611 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6612 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6616 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6619 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6620 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6621 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6622 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6623 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6624 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6625 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6626 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6627 "- " /* (8) separator */
6628 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6629 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6630 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6631 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6640 p = cunescape(path);
6644 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6647 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6663 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6664 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6665 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6668 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6669 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6670 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6671 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6672 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6673 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6674 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6675 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6676 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6677 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6678 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6679 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6680 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6682 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6686 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6688 done = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
6693 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6694 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6695 bool top_autofs = false;
6698 todo = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
6702 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6703 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6707 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6710 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6711 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6712 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6713 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6714 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6715 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6716 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6717 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6718 "- " /* (8) separator */
6719 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6720 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6721 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6722 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6732 p = cunescape(path);
6736 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6737 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6738 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6739 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6740 * already triggered, then we will find
6741 * another entry for this. */
6742 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6743 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6747 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6748 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6750 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6760 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6761 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6763 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6764 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6767 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6768 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6769 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6770 * mount, make it one. */
6771 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6774 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6777 x = strdup(cleaned);
6781 r = set_consume(done, x);
6786 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6788 r = set_consume(done, x);
6794 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6796 /* Deal with mount points that are
6797 * obstructed by a later mount */
6799 if (errno != ENOENT)
6807 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6814 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6819 char *tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p) {
6826 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 6 + 1);
6833 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn), "XXXXXX");
6838 char *tempfn_random(const char *p) {
6847 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 16 + 1);
6854 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn);
6857 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6858 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
6867 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
6868 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
6871 /* This tries to identify local hostnames described in RFC6761
6872 * plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
6874 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
6875 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
6876 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
6877 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
6878 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
6879 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
6882 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
6884 struct flock flock = {
6886 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
6894 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
6895 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
6896 * our own trivial version of this.
6898 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
6899 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
6900 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
6901 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
6902 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
6905 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
6907 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
6909 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
6913 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
6922 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
6925 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
6928 if (S_ISLNK(info.st_mode))