1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
25 #include <sys/types.h>
26 #include <sys/syscall.h>
27 #include <sys/mount.h>
33 #include <sys/prctl.h>
34 #include <sys/capability.h>
37 #include <sys/signalfd.h>
41 #include <sys/socket.h>
42 #include <linux/netlink.h>
43 #include <sys/eventfd.h>
45 #include <linux/veth.h>
46 #include <sys/personality.h>
47 #include <linux/loop.h>
50 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
58 #include <blkid/blkid.h>
61 #include "sd-daemon.h"
71 #include "cgroup-util.h"
73 #include "path-util.h"
74 #include "loopback-setup.h"
75 #include "dev-setup.h"
80 #include "bus-error.h"
82 #include "bus-kernel.h"
85 #include "rtnl-util.h"
86 #include "udev-util.h"
87 #include "eventfd-util.h"
88 #include "blkid-util.h"
90 #include "siphash24.h"
92 #include "base-filesystem.h"
95 #include "seccomp-util.h"
98 typedef enum ContainerStatus {
103 typedef enum LinkJournal {
110 typedef enum Volatile {
116 static char *arg_directory = NULL;
117 static char *arg_user = NULL;
118 static sd_id128_t arg_uuid = {};
119 static char *arg_machine = NULL;
120 static const char *arg_selinux_context = NULL;
121 static const char *arg_selinux_apifs_context = NULL;
122 static const char *arg_slice = NULL;
123 static bool arg_private_network = false;
124 static bool arg_read_only = false;
125 static bool arg_boot = false;
126 static LinkJournal arg_link_journal = LINK_AUTO;
127 static uint64_t arg_retain =
128 (1ULL << CAP_CHOWN) |
129 (1ULL << CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE) |
130 (1ULL << CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH) |
131 (1ULL << CAP_FOWNER) |
132 (1ULL << CAP_FSETID) |
133 (1ULL << CAP_IPC_OWNER) |
135 (1ULL << CAP_LEASE) |
136 (1ULL << CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE) |
137 (1ULL << CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE) |
138 (1ULL << CAP_NET_BROADCAST) |
139 (1ULL << CAP_NET_RAW) |
140 (1ULL << CAP_SETGID) |
141 (1ULL << CAP_SETFCAP) |
142 (1ULL << CAP_SETPCAP) |
143 (1ULL << CAP_SETUID) |
144 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_ADMIN) |
145 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_CHROOT) |
146 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_NICE) |
147 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_PTRACE) |
148 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG) |
149 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_RESOURCE) |
150 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_BOOT) |
151 (1ULL << CAP_AUDIT_WRITE) |
152 (1ULL << CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL) |
154 static char **arg_bind = NULL;
155 static char **arg_bind_ro = NULL;
156 static char **arg_tmpfs = NULL;
157 static char **arg_setenv = NULL;
158 static bool arg_quiet = false;
159 static bool arg_share_system = false;
160 static bool arg_register = true;
161 static bool arg_keep_unit = false;
162 static char **arg_network_interfaces = NULL;
163 static char **arg_network_macvlan = NULL;
164 static bool arg_network_veth = false;
165 static const char *arg_network_bridge = NULL;
166 static unsigned long arg_personality = 0xffffffffLU;
167 static const char *arg_image = NULL;
168 static Volatile arg_volatile = VOLATILE_NO;
170 static int help(void) {
172 printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [PATH] [ARGUMENTS...]\n\n"
173 "Spawn a minimal namespace container for debugging, testing and building.\n\n"
174 " -h --help Show this help\n"
175 " --version Print version string\n"
176 " -q --quiet Do not show status information\n"
177 " -D --directory=PATH Root directory for the container\n"
178 " -i --image=PATH File system device or image for the container\n"
179 " -b --boot Boot up full system (i.e. invoke init)\n"
180 " -u --user=USER Run the command under specified user or uid\n"
181 " -M --machine=NAME Set the machine name for the container\n"
182 " --uuid=UUID Set a specific machine UUID for the container\n"
183 " -S --slice=SLICE Place the container in the specified slice\n"
184 " --private-network Disable network in container\n"
185 " --network-interface=INTERFACE\n"
186 " Assign an existing network interface to the\n"
188 " --network-macvlan=INTERFACE\n"
189 " Create a macvlan network interface based on an\n"
190 " existing network interface to the container\n"
191 " --network-veth Add a virtual ethernet connection between host\n"
193 " --network-bridge=INTERFACE\n"
194 " Add a virtual ethernet connection between host\n"
195 " and container and add it to an existing bridge on\n"
197 " -Z --selinux-context=SECLABEL\n"
198 " Set the SELinux security context to be used by\n"
199 " processes in the container\n"
200 " -L --selinux-apifs-context=SECLABEL\n"
201 " Set the SELinux security context to be used by\n"
202 " API/tmpfs file systems in the container\n"
203 " --capability=CAP In addition to the default, retain specified\n"
205 " --drop-capability=CAP Drop the specified capability from the default set\n"
206 " --link-journal=MODE Link up guest journal, one of no, auto, guest, host\n"
207 " -j Equivalent to --link-journal=host\n"
208 " --read-only Mount the root directory read-only\n"
209 " --bind=PATH[:PATH] Bind mount a file or directory from the host into\n"
211 " --bind-ro=PATH[:PATH] Similar, but creates a read-only bind mount\n"
212 " --tmpfs=PATH:[OPTIONS] Mount an empty tmpfs to the specified directory\n"
213 " --setenv=NAME=VALUE Pass an environment variable to PID 1\n"
214 " --share-system Share system namespaces with host\n"
215 " --register=BOOLEAN Register container as machine\n"
216 " --keep-unit Do not register a scope for the machine, reuse\n"
217 " the service unit nspawn is running in\n"
218 " --volatile[=MODE] Run the system in volatile mode\n",
219 program_invocation_short_name);
224 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
241 ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE,
249 static const struct option options[] = {
250 { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
251 { "version", no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERSION },
252 { "directory", required_argument, NULL, 'D' },
253 { "user", required_argument, NULL, 'u' },
254 { "private-network", no_argument, NULL, ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK },
255 { "boot", no_argument, NULL, 'b' },
256 { "uuid", required_argument, NULL, ARG_UUID },
257 { "read-only", no_argument, NULL, ARG_READ_ONLY },
258 { "capability", required_argument, NULL, ARG_CAPABILITY },
259 { "drop-capability", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY },
260 { "link-journal", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LINK_JOURNAL },
261 { "bind", required_argument, NULL, ARG_BIND },
262 { "bind-ro", required_argument, NULL, ARG_BIND_RO },
263 { "tmpfs", required_argument, NULL, ARG_TMPFS },
264 { "machine", required_argument, NULL, 'M' },
265 { "slice", required_argument, NULL, 'S' },
266 { "setenv", required_argument, NULL, ARG_SETENV },
267 { "selinux-context", required_argument, NULL, 'Z' },
268 { "selinux-apifs-context", required_argument, NULL, 'L' },
269 { "quiet", no_argument, NULL, 'q' },
270 { "share-system", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM },
271 { "register", required_argument, NULL, ARG_REGISTER },
272 { "keep-unit", no_argument, NULL, ARG_KEEP_UNIT },
273 { "network-interface", required_argument, NULL, ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE },
274 { "network-macvlan", required_argument, NULL, ARG_NETWORK_MACVLAN },
275 { "network-veth", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NETWORK_VETH },
276 { "network-bridge", required_argument, NULL, ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE },
277 { "personality", required_argument, NULL, ARG_PERSONALITY },
278 { "image", required_argument, NULL, 'i' },
279 { "volatile", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_VOLATILE },
284 uint64_t plus = 0, minus = 0;
289 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+hD:u:bL:M:jS:Z:qi:", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
297 puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
298 puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
303 arg_directory = canonicalize_file_name(optarg);
304 if (!arg_directory) {
305 log_error("Invalid root directory: %m");
317 arg_user = strdup(optarg);
323 case ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE:
324 arg_network_bridge = optarg;
328 case ARG_NETWORK_VETH:
329 arg_network_veth = true;
330 arg_private_network = true;
333 case ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE:
334 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_interfaces, optarg) < 0)
337 arg_private_network = true;
340 case ARG_NETWORK_MACVLAN:
341 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_macvlan, optarg) < 0)
346 case ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK:
347 arg_private_network = true;
355 r = sd_id128_from_string(optarg, &arg_uuid);
357 log_error("Invalid UUID: %s", optarg);
367 if (isempty(optarg)) {
372 if (!hostname_is_valid(optarg)) {
373 log_error("Invalid machine name: %s", optarg);
378 arg_machine = strdup(optarg);
386 arg_selinux_context = optarg;
390 arg_selinux_apifs_context = optarg;
394 arg_read_only = true;
398 case ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY: {
402 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(word, length, optarg, ",", state) {
403 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
406 t = strndup(word, length);
410 if (streq(t, "all")) {
411 if (c == ARG_CAPABILITY)
412 plus = (uint64_t) -1;
414 minus = (uint64_t) -1;
416 if (cap_from_name(t, &cap) < 0) {
417 log_error("Failed to parse capability %s.", t);
421 if (c == ARG_CAPABILITY)
422 plus |= 1ULL << (uint64_t) cap;
424 minus |= 1ULL << (uint64_t) cap;
432 arg_link_journal = LINK_GUEST;
435 case ARG_LINK_JOURNAL:
436 if (streq(optarg, "auto"))
437 arg_link_journal = LINK_AUTO;
438 else if (streq(optarg, "no"))
439 arg_link_journal = LINK_NO;
440 else if (streq(optarg, "guest"))
441 arg_link_journal = LINK_GUEST;
442 else if (streq(optarg, "host"))
443 arg_link_journal = LINK_HOST;
445 log_error("Failed to parse link journal mode %s", optarg);
453 _cleanup_free_ char *a = NULL, *b = NULL;
457 x = c == ARG_BIND ? &arg_bind : &arg_bind_ro;
459 e = strchr(optarg, ':');
461 a = strndup(optarg, e - optarg);
471 if (!path_is_absolute(a) || !path_is_absolute(b)) {
472 log_error("Invalid bind mount specification: %s", optarg);
476 r = strv_extend(x, a);
480 r = strv_extend(x, b);
488 _cleanup_free_ char *a = NULL, *b = NULL;
491 e = strchr(optarg, ':');
493 a = strndup(optarg, e - optarg);
497 b = strdup("mode=0755");
503 if (!path_is_absolute(a)) {
504 log_error("Invalid tmpfs specification: %s", optarg);
508 r = strv_push(&arg_tmpfs, a);
514 r = strv_push(&arg_tmpfs, b);
526 if (!env_assignment_is_valid(optarg)) {
527 log_error("Environment variable assignment '%s' is not valid.", optarg);
531 n = strv_env_set(arg_setenv, optarg);
535 strv_free(arg_setenv);
544 case ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM:
545 arg_share_system = true;
549 r = parse_boolean(optarg);
551 log_error("Failed to parse --register= argument: %s", optarg);
559 arg_keep_unit = true;
562 case ARG_PERSONALITY:
564 arg_personality = personality_from_string(optarg);
565 if (arg_personality == 0xffffffffLU) {
566 log_error("Unknown or unsupported personality '%s'.", optarg);
575 arg_volatile = VOLATILE_YES;
577 r = parse_boolean(optarg);
579 if (streq(optarg, "state"))
580 arg_volatile = VOLATILE_STATE;
582 log_error("Failed to parse --volatile= argument: %s", optarg);
586 arg_volatile = r ? VOLATILE_YES : VOLATILE_NO;
595 assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
599 if (arg_share_system)
600 arg_register = false;
602 if (arg_boot && arg_share_system) {
603 log_error("--boot and --share-system may not be combined.");
607 if (arg_keep_unit && cg_pid_get_owner_uid(0, NULL) >= 0) {
608 log_error("--keep-unit may not be used when invoked from a user session.");
612 if (arg_directory && arg_image) {
613 log_error("--directory= and --image= may not be combined.");
617 if (arg_volatile != VOLATILE_NO && arg_read_only) {
618 log_error("Cannot combine --read-only with --volatile. Note that --volatile already implies a read-only base hierarchy.");
622 arg_retain = (arg_retain | plus | (arg_private_network ? 1ULL << CAP_NET_ADMIN : 0)) & ~minus;
627 static int mount_all(const char *dest) {
629 typedef struct MountPoint {
638 static const MountPoint mount_table[] = {
639 { "proc", "/proc", "proc", NULL, MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV, true },
640 { "/proc/sys", "/proc/sys", NULL, NULL, MS_BIND, true }, /* Bind mount first */
641 { NULL, "/proc/sys", NULL, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY|MS_REMOUNT, true }, /* Then, make it r/o */
642 { "sysfs", "/sys", "sysfs", NULL, MS_RDONLY|MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV, true },
643 { "tmpfs", "/dev", "tmpfs", "mode=755", MS_NOSUID|MS_STRICTATIME, true },
644 { "devpts", "/dev/pts", "devpts","newinstance,ptmxmode=0666,mode=620,gid=" STRINGIFY(TTY_GID), MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC, true },
645 { "tmpfs", "/dev/shm", "tmpfs", "mode=1777", MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME, true },
646 { "tmpfs", "/run", "tmpfs", "mode=755", MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME, true },
648 { "/sys/fs/selinux", "/sys/fs/selinux", NULL, NULL, MS_BIND, false }, /* Bind mount first */
649 { NULL, "/sys/fs/selinux", NULL, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY|MS_REMOUNT, false }, /* Then, make it r/o */
656 for (k = 0; k < ELEMENTSOF(mount_table); k++) {
657 _cleanup_free_ char *where = NULL;
659 _cleanup_free_ char *options = NULL;
664 where = strjoin(dest, "/", mount_table[k].where, NULL);
668 t = path_is_mount_point(where, true);
670 log_error("Failed to detect whether %s is a mount point: %s", where, strerror(-t));
678 /* Skip this entry if it is not a remount. */
679 if (mount_table[k].what && t > 0)
682 mkdir_p(where, 0755);
685 if (arg_selinux_apifs_context &&
686 (streq_ptr(mount_table[k].what, "tmpfs") || streq_ptr(mount_table[k].what, "devpts"))) {
687 options = strjoin(mount_table[k].options, ",context=\"", arg_selinux_apifs_context, "\"", NULL);
694 o = mount_table[k].options;
697 if (mount(mount_table[k].what,
700 mount_table[k].flags,
702 mount_table[k].fatal) {
704 log_error("mount(%s) failed: %m", where);
714 static int mount_binds(const char *dest, char **l, bool ro) {
717 STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(x, y, l) {
718 _cleanup_free_ char *where = NULL;
719 struct stat source_st, dest_st;
722 if (stat(*x, &source_st) < 0) {
723 log_error("Failed to stat %s: %m", *x);
727 where = strappend(dest, *y);
731 r = stat(where, &dest_st);
733 if ((source_st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != (dest_st.st_mode & S_IFMT)) {
734 log_error("The file types of %s and %s do not match. Refusing bind mount", *x, where);
737 } else if (errno == ENOENT) {
738 r = mkdir_parents_label(where, 0755);
740 log_error("Failed to bind mount %s: %s", *x, strerror(-r));
744 log_error("Failed to bind mount %s: %m", *x);
748 /* Create the mount point, but be conservative -- refuse to create block
749 * and char devices. */
750 if (S_ISDIR(source_st.st_mode))
751 mkdir_label(where, 0755);
752 else if (S_ISFIFO(source_st.st_mode))
754 else if (S_ISSOCK(source_st.st_mode))
755 mknod(where, 0644 | S_IFSOCK, 0);
756 else if (S_ISREG(source_st.st_mode))
759 log_error("Refusing to create mountpoint for file: %s", *x);
763 if (mount(*x, where, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
764 log_error("mount(%s) failed: %m", where);
769 r = bind_remount_recursive(where, true);
771 log_error("Read-Only bind mount failed: %s", strerror(-r));
780 static int mount_tmpfs(const char *dest) {
783 STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(i, o, arg_tmpfs) {
784 _cleanup_free_ char *where = NULL;
786 where = strappend(dest, *i);
790 mkdir_label(where, 0755);
792 if (mount("tmpfs", where, "tmpfs", MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME, *o) < 0) {
793 log_error("tmpfs mount to %s failed: %m", where);
801 static int setup_timezone(const char *dest) {
802 _cleanup_free_ char *where = NULL, *p = NULL, *q = NULL, *check = NULL, *what = NULL;
808 /* Fix the timezone, if possible */
809 r = readlink_malloc("/etc/localtime", &p);
811 log_warning("/etc/localtime is not a symlink, not updating container timezone.");
815 z = path_startswith(p, "../usr/share/zoneinfo/");
817 z = path_startswith(p, "/usr/share/zoneinfo/");
819 log_warning("/etc/localtime does not point into /usr/share/zoneinfo/, not updating container timezone.");
823 where = strappend(dest, "/etc/localtime");
827 r = readlink_malloc(where, &q);
829 y = path_startswith(q, "../usr/share/zoneinfo/");
831 y = path_startswith(q, "/usr/share/zoneinfo/");
833 /* Already pointing to the right place? Then do nothing .. */
834 if (y && streq(y, z))
838 check = strjoin(dest, "/usr/share/zoneinfo/", z, NULL);
842 if (access(check, F_OK) < 0) {
843 log_warning("Timezone %s does not exist in container, not updating container timezone.", z);
847 what = strappend("../usr/share/zoneinfo/", z);
851 mkdir_parents(where, 0755);
854 if (symlink(what, where) < 0) {
855 log_error("Failed to correct timezone of container: %m");
862 static int setup_resolv_conf(const char *dest) {
863 _cleanup_free_ char *where = NULL;
867 if (arg_private_network)
870 /* Fix resolv.conf, if possible */
871 where = strappend(dest, "/etc/resolv.conf");
875 /* We don't really care for the results of this really. If it
876 * fails, it fails, but meh... */
877 mkdir_parents(where, 0755);
878 copy_file("/etc/resolv.conf", where, O_TRUNC|O_NOFOLLOW, 0644);
883 static int setup_volatile_state(const char *directory) {
889 if (arg_volatile != VOLATILE_STATE)
892 /* --volatile=state means we simply overmount /var
893 with a tmpfs, and the rest read-only. */
895 r = bind_remount_recursive(directory, true);
897 log_error("Failed to remount %s read-only: %s", directory, strerror(-r));
901 p = strappenda(directory, "/var");
904 if (mount("tmpfs", p, "tmpfs", MS_STRICTATIME, "mode=755") < 0) {
905 log_error("Failed to mount tmpfs to /var: %m");
912 static int setup_volatile(const char *directory) {
913 bool tmpfs_mounted = false, bind_mounted = false;
914 char template[] = "/tmp/nspawn-volatile-XXXXXX";
920 if (arg_volatile != VOLATILE_YES)
923 /* --volatile=yes means we mount a tmpfs to the root dir, and
924 the original /usr to use inside it, and that read-only. */
926 if (!mkdtemp(template)) {
927 log_error("Failed to create temporary directory: %m");
931 if (mount("tmpfs", template, "tmpfs", MS_STRICTATIME, "mode=755") < 0) {
932 log_error("Failed to mount tmpfs for root directory: %m");
937 tmpfs_mounted = true;
939 f = strappenda(directory, "/usr");
940 t = strappenda(template, "/usr");
943 if (mount(f, t, "bind", MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0) {
944 log_error("Failed to create /usr bind mount: %m");
951 r = bind_remount_recursive(t, true);
953 log_error("Failed to remount %s read-only: %s", t, strerror(-r));
957 if (mount(template, directory, NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL) < 0) {
958 log_error("Failed to move root mount: %m");
976 static char* id128_format_as_uuid(sd_id128_t id, char s[37]) {
979 "%02x%02x%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x",
980 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(id));
985 static int setup_boot_id(const char *dest) {
986 _cleanup_free_ char *from = NULL, *to = NULL;
993 if (arg_share_system)
996 /* Generate a new randomized boot ID, so that each boot-up of
997 * the container gets a new one */
999 from = strappend(dest, "/dev/proc-sys-kernel-random-boot-id");
1000 to = strappend(dest, "/proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id");
1004 r = sd_id128_randomize(&rnd);
1006 log_error("Failed to generate random boot id: %s", strerror(-r));
1010 id128_format_as_uuid(rnd, as_uuid);
1012 r = write_string_file(from, as_uuid);
1014 log_error("Failed to write boot id: %s", strerror(-r));
1018 if (mount(from, to, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
1019 log_error("Failed to bind mount boot id: %m");
1021 } else if (mount(from, to, "bind", MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|MS_RDONLY, NULL))
1022 log_warning("Failed to make boot id read-only: %m");
1028 static int copy_devnodes(const char *dest) {
1030 static const char devnodes[] =
1040 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
1046 NULSTR_FOREACH(d, devnodes) {
1047 _cleanup_free_ char *from = NULL, *to = NULL;
1050 from = strappend("/dev/", d);
1051 to = strjoin(dest, "/dev/", d, NULL);
1055 if (stat(from, &st) < 0) {
1057 if (errno != ENOENT) {
1058 log_error("Failed to stat %s: %m", from);
1062 } else if (!S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) && !S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
1064 log_error("%s is not a char or block device, cannot copy", from);
1067 } else if (mknod(to, st.st_mode, st.st_rdev) < 0) {
1069 log_error("mknod(%s) failed: %m", dest);
1077 static int setup_ptmx(const char *dest) {
1078 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
1080 p = strappend(dest, "/dev/ptmx");
1084 if (symlink("pts/ptmx", p) < 0) {
1085 log_error("Failed to create /dev/ptmx symlink: %m");
1092 static int setup_dev_console(const char *dest, const char *console) {
1093 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
1103 if (stat("/dev/null", &st) < 0) {
1104 log_error("Failed to stat /dev/null: %m");
1108 r = chmod_and_chown(console, 0600, 0, 0);
1110 log_error("Failed to correct access mode for TTY: %s", strerror(-r));
1114 /* We need to bind mount the right tty to /dev/console since
1115 * ptys can only exist on pts file systems. To have something
1116 * to bind mount things on we create a device node first, and
1117 * use /dev/null for that since we the cgroups device policy
1118 * allows us to create that freely, while we cannot create
1119 * /dev/console. (Note that the major minor doesn't actually
1120 * matter here, since we mount it over anyway). */
1122 to = strappenda(dest, "/dev/console");
1123 if (mknod(to, (st.st_mode & ~07777) | 0600, st.st_rdev) < 0) {
1124 log_error("mknod() for /dev/console failed: %m");
1128 if (mount(console, to, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
1129 log_error("Bind mount for /dev/console failed: %m");
1136 static int setup_kmsg(const char *dest, int kmsg_socket) {
1137 _cleanup_free_ char *from = NULL, *to = NULL;
1139 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
1141 struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
1142 uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
1144 struct msghdr mh = {
1145 .msg_control = &control,
1146 .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
1148 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
1151 assert(kmsg_socket >= 0);
1155 /* We create the kmsg FIFO as /dev/kmsg, but immediately
1156 * delete it after bind mounting it to /proc/kmsg. While FIFOs
1157 * on the reading side behave very similar to /proc/kmsg,
1158 * their writing side behaves differently from /dev/kmsg in
1159 * that writing blocks when nothing is reading. In order to
1160 * avoid any problems with containers deadlocking due to this
1161 * we simply make /dev/kmsg unavailable to the container. */
1162 if (asprintf(&from, "%s/dev/kmsg", dest) < 0 ||
1163 asprintf(&to, "%s/proc/kmsg", dest) < 0)
1166 if (mkfifo(from, 0600) < 0) {
1167 log_error("mkfifo() for /dev/kmsg failed: %m");
1171 r = chmod_and_chown(from, 0600, 0, 0);
1173 log_error("Failed to correct access mode for /dev/kmsg: %s", strerror(-r));
1177 if (mount(from, to, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
1178 log_error("Bind mount for /proc/kmsg failed: %m");
1182 fd = open(from, O_RDWR|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
1184 log_error("Failed to open fifo: %m");
1188 cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
1189 cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
1190 cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
1191 cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
1192 memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &fd, sizeof(int));
1194 mh.msg_controllen = cmsg->cmsg_len;
1196 /* Store away the fd in the socket, so that it stays open as
1197 * long as we run the child */
1198 k = sendmsg(kmsg_socket, &mh, MSG_DONTWAIT|MSG_NOSIGNAL);
1202 log_error("Failed to send FIFO fd: %m");
1206 /* And now make the FIFO unavailable as /dev/kmsg... */
1211 static int setup_hostname(void) {
1213 if (arg_share_system)
1216 if (sethostname(arg_machine, strlen(arg_machine)) < 0)
1222 static int setup_journal(const char *directory) {
1223 sd_id128_t machine_id, this_id;
1224 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *b = NULL, *q = NULL, *d = NULL;
1228 p = strappend(directory, "/etc/machine-id");
1232 r = read_one_line_file(p, &b);
1233 if (r == -ENOENT && arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO)
1236 log_error("Failed to read machine ID from %s: %s", p, strerror(-r));
1241 if (isempty(id) && arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO)
1244 /* Verify validity */
1245 r = sd_id128_from_string(id, &machine_id);
1247 log_error("Failed to parse machine ID from %s: %s", p, strerror(-r));
1251 r = sd_id128_get_machine(&this_id);
1253 log_error("Failed to retrieve machine ID: %s", strerror(-r));
1257 if (sd_id128_equal(machine_id, this_id)) {
1258 log_full(arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_ERR,
1259 "Host and machine ids are equal (%s): refusing to link journals", id);
1260 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO)
1266 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_NO)
1270 p = strappend("/var/log/journal/", id);
1271 q = strjoin(directory, "/var/log/journal/", id, NULL);
1275 if (path_is_mount_point(p, false) > 0) {
1276 if (arg_link_journal != LINK_AUTO) {
1277 log_error("%s: already a mount point, refusing to use for journal", p);
1284 if (path_is_mount_point(q, false) > 0) {
1285 if (arg_link_journal != LINK_AUTO) {
1286 log_error("%s: already a mount point, refusing to use for journal", q);
1293 r = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &d);
1295 if ((arg_link_journal == LINK_GUEST ||
1296 arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO) &&
1299 r = mkdir_p(q, 0755);
1301 log_warning("failed to create directory %s: %m", q);
1305 if (unlink(p) < 0) {
1306 log_error("Failed to remove symlink %s: %m", p);
1309 } else if (r == -EINVAL) {
1311 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_GUEST &&
1314 if (errno == ENOTDIR) {
1315 log_error("%s already exists and is neither a symlink nor a directory", p);
1318 log_error("Failed to remove %s: %m", p);
1322 } else if (r != -ENOENT) {
1323 log_error("readlink(%s) failed: %m", p);
1327 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_GUEST) {
1329 if (symlink(q, p) < 0) {
1330 log_error("Failed to symlink %s to %s: %m", q, p);
1334 r = mkdir_p(q, 0755);
1336 log_warning("failed to create directory %s: %m", q);
1340 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_HOST) {
1341 r = mkdir_p(p, 0755);
1343 log_error("Failed to create %s: %m", p);
1347 } else if (access(p, F_OK) < 0)
1350 if (dir_is_empty(q) == 0)
1351 log_warning("%s is not empty, proceeding anyway.", q);
1353 r = mkdir_p(q, 0755);
1355 log_error("Failed to create %s: %m", q);
1359 if (mount(p, q, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
1360 log_error("Failed to bind mount journal from host into guest: %m");
1367 static int setup_kdbus(const char *dest, const char *path) {
1373 p = strappenda(dest, "/dev/kdbus");
1374 if (mkdir(p, 0755) < 0) {
1375 log_error("Failed to create kdbus path: %m");
1379 if (mount(path, p, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
1380 log_error("Failed to mount kdbus domain path: %m");
1387 static int drop_capabilities(void) {
1388 return capability_bounding_set_drop(~arg_retain, false);
1391 static int register_machine(pid_t pid) {
1392 _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
1393 _cleanup_bus_unref_ sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1399 r = sd_bus_default_system(&bus);
1401 log_error("Failed to open system bus: %s", strerror(-r));
1405 if (arg_keep_unit) {
1406 r = sd_bus_call_method(
1408 "org.freedesktop.machine1",
1409 "/org/freedesktop/machine1",
1410 "org.freedesktop.machine1.Manager",
1416 SD_BUS_MESSAGE_APPEND_ID128(arg_uuid),
1420 strempty(arg_directory));
1422 _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
1424 r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
1427 "org.freedesktop.machine1",
1428 "/org/freedesktop/machine1",
1429 "org.freedesktop.machine1.Manager",
1432 log_error("Failed to create message: %s", strerror(-r));
1436 r = sd_bus_message_append(
1440 SD_BUS_MESSAGE_APPEND_ID128(arg_uuid),
1444 strempty(arg_directory));
1446 log_error("Failed to append message arguments: %s", strerror(-r));
1450 r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "(sv)");
1452 log_error("Failed to open container: %s", strerror(-r));
1456 if (!isempty(arg_slice)) {
1457 r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "Slice", "s", arg_slice);
1459 log_error("Failed to append slice: %s", strerror(-r));
1464 r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "DevicePolicy", "s", "strict");
1466 log_error("Failed to add device policy: %s", strerror(-r));
1470 r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "DeviceAllow", "a(ss)", 10,
1471 /* Allow the container to
1472 * access and create the API
1473 * device nodes, so that
1474 * PrivateDevices= in the
1475 * container can work
1480 "/dev/random", "rwm",
1481 "/dev/urandom", "rwm",
1483 /* Allow the container
1484 * access to ptys. However,
1486 * container to ever create
1487 * these device nodes. */
1488 "/dev/pts/ptmx", "rw",
1490 /* Allow the container
1491 * access to all kdbus
1492 * devices. Again, the
1493 * container cannot create
1494 * these nodes, only use
1495 * them. We use a pretty
1496 * open match here, so that
1497 * the kernel API can still
1500 "char-kdbus/*", "rw");
1502 log_error("Failed to add device whitelist: %s", strerror(-r));
1506 r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
1508 log_error("Failed to close container: %s", strerror(-r));
1512 r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, 0, &error, NULL);
1516 log_error("Failed to register machine: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1523 static int terminate_machine(pid_t pid) {
1524 _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
1525 _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
1526 _cleanup_bus_unref_ sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1533 r = sd_bus_default_system(&bus);
1535 log_error("Failed to open system bus: %s", strerror(-r));
1539 r = sd_bus_call_method(
1541 "org.freedesktop.machine1",
1542 "/org/freedesktop/machine1",
1543 "org.freedesktop.machine1.Manager",
1550 /* Note that the machine might already have been
1551 * cleaned up automatically, hence don't consider it a
1552 * failure if we cannot get the machine object. */
1553 log_debug("Failed to get machine: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1557 r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "o", &path);
1559 return bus_log_parse_error(r);
1561 r = sd_bus_call_method(
1563 "org.freedesktop.machine1",
1565 "org.freedesktop.machine1.Machine",
1571 log_debug("Failed to terminate machine: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1578 static int reset_audit_loginuid(void) {
1579 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
1582 if (arg_share_system)
1585 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/loginuid", &p);
1589 log_error("Failed to read /proc/self/loginuid: %s", strerror(-r));
1593 /* Already reset? */
1594 if (streq(p, "4294967295"))
1597 r = write_string_file("/proc/self/loginuid", "4294967295");
1599 log_error("Failed to reset audit login UID. This probably means that your kernel is too\n"
1600 "old and you have audit enabled. Note that the auditing subsystem is known to\n"
1601 "be incompatible with containers on old kernels. Please make sure to upgrade\n"
1602 "your kernel or to off auditing with 'audit=0' on the kernel command line before\n"
1603 "using systemd-nspawn. Sleeping for 5s... (%s)\n", strerror(-r));
1611 #define HASH_KEY SD_ID128_MAKE(c3,c4,f9,19,b5,57,b2,1c,e6,cf,14,27,03,9c,ee,a2)
1613 static int get_mac(struct ether_addr *mac) {
1620 l = strlen(arg_machine);
1621 sz = sizeof(sd_id128_t) + l;
1624 /* fetch some persistent data unique to the host */
1625 r = sd_id128_get_machine((sd_id128_t*) v);
1629 /* combine with some data unique (on this host) to this
1630 * container instance */
1631 memcpy(v + sizeof(sd_id128_t), arg_machine, l);
1633 /* Let's hash the host machine ID plus the container name. We
1634 * use a fixed, but originally randomly created hash key here. */
1635 siphash24(result, v, sz, HASH_KEY.bytes);
1637 assert_cc(ETH_ALEN <= sizeof(result));
1638 memcpy(mac->ether_addr_octet, result, ETH_ALEN);
1640 /* see eth_random_addr in the kernel */
1641 mac->ether_addr_octet[0] &= 0xfe; /* clear multicast bit */
1642 mac->ether_addr_octet[0] |= 0x02; /* set local assignment bit (IEEE802) */
1647 static int setup_veth(pid_t pid, char iface_name[IFNAMSIZ]) {
1648 _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
1649 _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
1650 struct ether_addr mac;
1653 if (!arg_private_network)
1656 if (!arg_network_veth)
1659 /* Use two different interface name prefixes depending whether
1660 * we are in bridge mode or not. */
1661 if (arg_network_bridge)
1662 memcpy(iface_name, "vb-", 3);
1664 memcpy(iface_name, "ve-", 3);
1665 strncpy(iface_name+3, arg_machine, IFNAMSIZ - 3);
1669 log_error("Failed to generate predictable MAC address for host0");
1673 r = sd_rtnl_open(&rtnl, 0);
1675 log_error("Failed to connect to netlink: %s", strerror(-r));
1679 r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, &m, RTM_NEWLINK, 0);
1681 log_error("Failed to allocate netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
1685 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, iface_name);
1687 log_error("Failed to add netlink interface name: %s", strerror(-r));
1691 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container(m, IFLA_LINKINFO);
1693 log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1697 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container_union(m, IFLA_INFO_DATA, "veth");
1699 log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1703 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container(m, VETH_INFO_PEER);
1705 log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1709 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, "host0");
1711 log_error("Failed to add netlink interface name: %s", strerror(-r));
1715 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_ether_addr(m, IFLA_ADDRESS, &mac);
1717 log_error("Failed to add netlink MAC address: %s", strerror(-r));
1721 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_NET_NS_PID, pid);
1723 log_error("Failed to add netlink namespace field: %s", strerror(-r));
1727 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1729 log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1733 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1735 log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1739 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1741 log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1745 r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
1747 log_error("Failed to add new veth interfaces: %s", strerror(-r));
1754 static int setup_bridge(const char veth_name[]) {
1755 _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
1756 _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
1759 if (!arg_private_network)
1762 if (!arg_network_veth)
1765 if (!arg_network_bridge)
1768 bridge = (int) if_nametoindex(arg_network_bridge);
1770 log_error("Failed to resolve interface %s: %m", arg_network_bridge);
1774 r = sd_rtnl_open(&rtnl, 0);
1776 log_error("Failed to connect to netlink: %s", strerror(-r));
1780 r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, &m, RTM_SETLINK, 0);
1782 log_error("Failed to allocate netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
1786 r = sd_rtnl_message_link_set_flags(m, IFF_UP, IFF_UP);
1788 log_error("Failed to set IFF_UP flag: %s", strerror(-r));
1792 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, veth_name);
1794 log_error("Failed to add netlink interface name field: %s", strerror(-r));
1798 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_MASTER, bridge);
1800 log_error("Failed to add netlink master field: %s", strerror(-r));
1804 r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
1806 log_error("Failed to add veth interface to bridge: %s", strerror(-r));
1813 static int parse_interface(struct udev *udev, const char *name) {
1814 _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *d = NULL;
1815 char ifi_str[2 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int)];
1818 ifi = (int) if_nametoindex(name);
1820 log_error("Failed to resolve interface %s: %m", name);
1824 sprintf(ifi_str, "n%i", ifi);
1825 d = udev_device_new_from_device_id(udev, ifi_str);
1827 log_error("Failed to get udev device for interface %s: %m", name);
1831 if (udev_device_get_is_initialized(d) <= 0) {
1832 log_error("Network interface %s is not initialized yet.", name);
1839 static int move_network_interfaces(pid_t pid) {
1840 _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
1841 _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
1845 if (!arg_private_network)
1848 if (strv_isempty(arg_network_interfaces))
1851 r = sd_rtnl_open(&rtnl, 0);
1853 log_error("Failed to connect to netlink: %s", strerror(-r));
1859 log_error("Failed to connect to udev.");
1863 STRV_FOREACH(i, arg_network_interfaces) {
1864 _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
1867 ifi = parse_interface(udev, *i);
1871 r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, &m, RTM_NEWLINK, ifi);
1873 log_error("Failed to allocate netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
1877 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_NET_NS_PID, pid);
1879 log_error("Failed to append namespace PID to netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
1883 r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
1885 log_error("Failed to move interface %s to namespace: %s", *i, strerror(-r));
1893 static int setup_macvlan(pid_t pid) {
1894 _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
1895 _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
1899 if (!arg_private_network)
1902 if (strv_isempty(arg_network_macvlan))
1905 r = sd_rtnl_open(&rtnl, 0);
1907 log_error("Failed to connect to netlink: %s", strerror(-r));
1913 log_error("Failed to connect to udev.");
1917 STRV_FOREACH(i, arg_network_macvlan) {
1918 _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
1919 _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
1922 ifi = parse_interface(udev, *i);
1926 r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, &m, RTM_NEWLINK, 0);
1928 log_error("Failed to allocate netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
1932 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_LINK, ifi);
1934 log_error("Failed to add netlink interface index: %s", strerror(-r));
1938 n = strappend("mv-", *i);
1942 strshorten(n, IFNAMSIZ-1);
1944 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, n);
1946 log_error("Failed to add netlink interface name: %s", strerror(-r));
1950 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_NET_NS_PID, pid);
1952 log_error("Failed to add netlink namespace field: %s", strerror(-r));
1956 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container(m, IFLA_LINKINFO);
1958 log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1962 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container_union(m, IFLA_INFO_DATA, "macvlan");
1964 log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1968 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_MACVLAN_MODE, MACVLAN_MODE_BRIDGE);
1970 log_error("Failed to append macvlan mode: %s", strerror(-r));
1974 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1976 log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1980 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1982 log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1986 r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
1988 log_error("Failed to add new macvlan interfaces: %s", strerror(-r));
1996 static int setup_seccomp(void) {
1999 static const int blacklist[] = {
2000 SCMP_SYS(kexec_load),
2001 SCMP_SYS(open_by_handle_at),
2002 SCMP_SYS(init_module),
2003 SCMP_SYS(finit_module),
2004 SCMP_SYS(delete_module),
2011 scmp_filter_ctx seccomp;
2015 seccomp = seccomp_init(SCMP_ACT_ALLOW);
2019 r = seccomp_add_secondary_archs(seccomp);
2021 log_error("Failed to add secondary archs to seccomp filter: %s", strerror(-r));
2025 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(blacklist); i++) {
2026 r = seccomp_rule_add(seccomp, SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(EPERM), blacklist[i], 0);
2028 continue; /* unknown syscall */
2030 log_error("Failed to block syscall: %s", strerror(-r));
2036 Audit is broken in containers, much of the userspace audit
2037 hookup will fail if running inside a container. We don't
2038 care and just turn off creation of audit sockets.
2040 This will make socket(AF_NETLINK, *, NETLINK_AUDIT) fail
2041 with EAFNOSUPPORT which audit userspace uses as indication
2042 that audit is disabled in the kernel.
2045 r = seccomp_rule_add(
2047 SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(EAFNOSUPPORT),
2050 SCMP_A0(SCMP_CMP_EQ, AF_NETLINK),
2051 SCMP_A2(SCMP_CMP_EQ, NETLINK_AUDIT));
2053 log_error("Failed to add audit seccomp rule: %s", strerror(-r));
2057 r = seccomp_attr_set(seccomp, SCMP_FLTATR_CTL_NNP, 0);
2059 log_error("Failed to unset NO_NEW_PRIVS: %s", strerror(-r));
2063 r = seccomp_load(seccomp);
2065 log_error("Failed to install seccomp audit filter: %s", strerror(-r));
2068 seccomp_release(seccomp);
2076 static int setup_image(char **device_path, int *loop_nr) {
2077 struct loop_info64 info = {
2078 .lo_flags = LO_FLAGS_AUTOCLEAR|LO_FLAGS_PARTSCAN
2080 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, control = -1, loop = -1;
2081 _cleanup_free_ char* loopdev = NULL;
2085 assert(device_path);
2088 fd = open(arg_image, O_CLOEXEC|(arg_read_only ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)|O_NONBLOCK|O_NOCTTY);
2090 log_error("Failed to open %s: %m", arg_image);
2094 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
2095 log_error("Failed to stat %s: %m", arg_image);
2099 if (S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
2102 p = strdup(arg_image);
2116 if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
2117 log_error("%s is not a regular file or block device: %m", arg_image);
2121 control = open("/dev/loop-control", O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NONBLOCK);
2123 log_error("Failed to open /dev/loop-control: %m");
2127 nr = ioctl(control, LOOP_CTL_GET_FREE);
2129 log_error("Failed to allocate loop device: %m");
2133 if (asprintf(&loopdev, "/dev/loop%i", nr) < 0)
2136 loop = open(loopdev, O_CLOEXEC|(arg_read_only ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)|O_NONBLOCK|O_NOCTTY);
2138 log_error("Failed to open loop device %s: %m", loopdev);
2142 if (ioctl(loop, LOOP_SET_FD, fd) < 0) {
2143 log_error("Failed to set loopback file descriptor on %s: %m", loopdev);
2148 info.lo_flags |= LO_FLAGS_READ_ONLY;
2150 if (ioctl(loop, LOOP_SET_STATUS64, &info) < 0) {
2151 log_error("Failed to set loopback settings on %s: %m", loopdev);
2155 *device_path = loopdev;
2166 static int dissect_image(
2168 char **root_device, bool *root_device_rw,
2169 char **home_device, bool *home_device_rw,
2170 char **srv_device, bool *srv_device_rw,
2174 int home_nr = -1, root_nr = -1, secondary_root_nr = -1, srv_nr = -1;
2175 _cleanup_free_ char *home = NULL, *root = NULL, *secondary_root = NULL, *srv = NULL;
2176 _cleanup_udev_enumerate_unref_ struct udev_enumerate *e = NULL;
2177 _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *d = NULL;
2178 _cleanup_blkid_free_probe_ blkid_probe b = NULL;
2179 _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
2180 struct udev_list_entry *first, *item;
2181 bool home_rw = true, root_rw = true, secondary_root_rw = true, srv_rw = true;
2182 const char *pttype = NULL;
2188 assert(root_device);
2189 assert(home_device);
2193 b = blkid_new_probe();
2198 r = blkid_probe_set_device(b, fd, 0, 0);
2203 log_error("Failed to set device on blkid probe: %m");
2207 blkid_probe_enable_partitions(b, 1);
2208 blkid_probe_set_partitions_flags(b, BLKID_PARTS_ENTRY_DETAILS);
2211 r = blkid_do_safeprobe(b);
2212 if (r == -2 || r == 1) {
2213 log_error("Failed to identify any partition table on %s.\n"
2214 "Note that the disk image needs to follow http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec/ to be supported by systemd-nspawn.", arg_image);
2216 } else if (r != 0) {
2219 log_error("Failed to probe: %m");
2223 blkid_probe_lookup_value(b, "PTTYPE", &pttype, NULL);
2224 if (!streq_ptr(pttype, "gpt")) {
2225 log_error("Image %s does not carry a GUID Partition Table.\n"
2226 "Note that the disk image needs to follow http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec/ to be supported by systemd-nspawn.", arg_image);
2231 pl = blkid_probe_get_partitions(b);
2236 log_error("Failed to list partitions of %s", arg_image);
2244 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
2245 log_error("Failed to stat block device: %m");
2249 d = udev_device_new_from_devnum(udev, 'b', st.st_rdev);
2253 e = udev_enumerate_new(udev);
2257 r = udev_enumerate_add_match_parent(e, d);
2261 r = udev_enumerate_scan_devices(e);
2263 log_error("Failed to scan for partition devices of %s: %s", arg_image, strerror(-r));
2267 first = udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(e);
2268 udev_list_entry_foreach(item, first) {
2269 _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *q;
2270 const char *stype, *node;
2271 unsigned long long flags;
2278 q = udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev, udev_list_entry_get_name(item));
2283 log_error("Failed to get partition device of %s: %m", arg_image);
2287 qn = udev_device_get_devnum(q);
2291 if (st.st_rdev == qn)
2294 node = udev_device_get_devnode(q);
2298 pp = blkid_partlist_devno_to_partition(pl, qn);
2302 flags = blkid_partition_get_flags(pp);
2303 if (flags & GPT_FLAG_NO_AUTO)
2306 nr = blkid_partition_get_partno(pp);
2310 stype = blkid_partition_get_type_string(pp);
2314 if (sd_id128_from_string(stype, &type_id) < 0)
2317 if (sd_id128_equal(type_id, GPT_HOME)) {
2319 if (home && nr >= home_nr)
2323 home_rw = !(flags & GPT_FLAG_READ_ONLY);
2326 home = strdup(node);
2329 } else if (sd_id128_equal(type_id, GPT_SRV)) {
2331 if (srv && nr >= srv_nr)
2335 srv_rw = !(flags & GPT_FLAG_READ_ONLY);
2342 #ifdef GPT_ROOT_NATIVE
2343 else if (sd_id128_equal(type_id, GPT_ROOT_NATIVE)) {
2345 if (root && nr >= root_nr)
2349 root_rw = !(flags & GPT_FLAG_READ_ONLY);
2352 root = strdup(node);
2357 #ifdef GPT_ROOT_SECONDARY
2358 else if (sd_id128_equal(type_id, GPT_ROOT_SECONDARY)) {
2360 if (secondary_root && nr >= secondary_root_nr)
2363 secondary_root_nr = nr;
2364 secondary_root_rw = !(flags & GPT_FLAG_READ_ONLY);
2367 free(secondary_root);
2368 secondary_root = strdup(node);
2369 if (!secondary_root)
2375 if (!root && !secondary_root) {
2376 log_error("Failed to identify root partition in disk image %s.\n"
2377 "Note that the disk image needs to follow http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec/ to be supported by systemd-nspawn.", arg_image);
2382 *root_device = root;
2385 *root_device_rw = root_rw;
2387 } else if (secondary_root) {
2388 *root_device = secondary_root;
2389 secondary_root = NULL;
2391 *root_device_rw = secondary_root_rw;
2396 *home_device = home;
2399 *home_device_rw = home_rw;
2406 *srv_device_rw = srv_rw;
2411 log_error("--image= is not supported, compiled without blkid support.");
2416 static int mount_device(const char *what, const char *where, const char *directory, bool rw) {
2418 _cleanup_blkid_free_probe_ blkid_probe b = NULL;
2419 const char *fstype, *p;
2429 p = strappenda(where, directory);
2434 b = blkid_new_probe_from_filename(what);
2438 log_error("Failed to allocate prober for %s: %m", what);
2442 blkid_probe_enable_superblocks(b, 1);
2443 blkid_probe_set_superblocks_flags(b, BLKID_SUBLKS_TYPE);
2446 r = blkid_do_safeprobe(b);
2447 if (r == -1 || r == 1) {
2448 log_error("Cannot determine file system type of %s", what);
2450 } else if (r != 0) {
2453 log_error("Failed to probe %s: %m", what);
2458 if (blkid_probe_lookup_value(b, "TYPE", &fstype, NULL) < 0) {
2461 log_error("Failed to determine file system type of %s", what);
2465 if (streq(fstype, "crypto_LUKS")) {
2466 log_error("nspawn currently does not support LUKS disk images.");
2470 if (mount(what, p, fstype, MS_NODEV|(rw ? 0 : MS_RDONLY), NULL) < 0) {
2471 log_error("Failed to mount %s: %m", what);
2477 log_error("--image= is not supported, compiled without blkid support.");
2482 static int mount_devices(
2484 const char *root_device, bool root_device_rw,
2485 const char *home_device, bool home_device_rw,
2486 const char *srv_device, bool srv_device_rw) {
2492 r = mount_device(root_device, arg_directory, NULL, root_device_rw);
2494 log_error("Failed to mount root directory: %s", strerror(-r));
2500 r = mount_device(home_device, arg_directory, "/home", home_device_rw);
2502 log_error("Failed to mount home directory: %s", strerror(-r));
2508 r = mount_device(srv_device, arg_directory, "/srv", srv_device_rw);
2510 log_error("Failed to mount server data directory: %s", strerror(-r));
2518 static void loop_remove(int nr, int *image_fd) {
2519 _cleanup_close_ int control = -1;
2524 if (image_fd && *image_fd >= 0) {
2525 ioctl(*image_fd, LOOP_CLR_FD);
2526 *image_fd = safe_close(*image_fd);
2529 control = open("/dev/loop-control", O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NONBLOCK);
2533 ioctl(control, LOOP_CTL_REMOVE, nr);
2536 static int spawn_getent(const char *database, const char *key, pid_t *rpid) {
2544 if (pipe2(pipe_fds, O_CLOEXEC) < 0) {
2545 log_error("Failed to allocate pipe: %m");
2551 log_error("Failed to fork getent child: %m");
2553 } else if (pid == 0) {
2555 char *empty_env = NULL;
2557 if (dup3(pipe_fds[1], STDOUT_FILENO, 0) < 0)
2558 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2560 if (pipe_fds[0] > 2)
2561 safe_close(pipe_fds[0]);
2562 if (pipe_fds[1] > 2)
2563 safe_close(pipe_fds[1]);
2565 nullfd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
2567 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2569 if (dup3(nullfd, STDIN_FILENO, 0) < 0)
2570 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2572 if (dup3(nullfd, STDERR_FILENO, 0) < 0)
2573 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2578 reset_all_signal_handlers();
2579 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
2581 execle("/usr/bin/getent", "getent", database, key, NULL, &empty_env);
2582 execle("/bin/getent", "getent", database, key, NULL, &empty_env);
2583 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2586 pipe_fds[1] = safe_close(pipe_fds[1]);
2593 static int change_uid_gid(char **_home) {
2594 char line[LINE_MAX], *w, *x, *state, *u, *g, *h;
2595 _cleanup_free_ uid_t *uids = NULL;
2596 _cleanup_free_ char *home = NULL;
2597 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2598 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2599 unsigned n_uids = 0;
2608 if (!arg_user || streq(arg_user, "root") || streq(arg_user, "0")) {
2609 /* Reset everything fully to 0, just in case */
2611 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0) {
2612 log_error("setgroups() failed: %m");
2616 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0) {
2617 log_error("setregid() failed: %m");
2621 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0) {
2622 log_error("setreuid() failed: %m");
2630 /* First, get user credentials */
2631 fd = spawn_getent("passwd", arg_user, &pid);
2635 f = fdopen(fd, "r");
2640 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2643 log_error("Failed to resolve user %s.", arg_user);
2647 log_error("Failed to read from getent: %m");
2653 wait_for_terminate_and_warn("getent passwd", pid);
2655 x = strchr(line, ':');
2657 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid user field.");
2661 u = strchr(x+1, ':');
2663 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid password field.");
2670 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid UID field.");
2678 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid GID field.");
2683 h = strchr(x+1, ':');
2685 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid GECOS field.");
2692 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid home directory field.");
2698 r = parse_uid(u, &uid);
2700 log_error("Failed to parse UID of user.");
2704 r = parse_gid(g, &gid);
2706 log_error("Failed to parse GID of user.");
2714 /* Second, get group memberships */
2715 fd = spawn_getent("initgroups", arg_user, &pid);
2720 f = fdopen(fd, "r");
2725 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2727 log_error("Failed to resolve user %s.", arg_user);
2731 log_error("Failed to read from getent: %m");
2737 wait_for_terminate_and_warn("getent initgroups", pid);
2739 /* Skip over the username and subsequent separator whitespace */
2741 x += strcspn(x, WHITESPACE);
2742 x += strspn(x, WHITESPACE);
2744 FOREACH_WORD(w, l, x, state) {
2750 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(uids, sz, n_uids+1))
2753 r = parse_uid(c, &uids[n_uids++]);
2755 log_error("Failed to parse group data from getent.");
2760 r = mkdir_parents(home, 0775);
2762 log_error("Failed to make home root directory: %s", strerror(-r));
2766 r = mkdir_safe(home, 0755, uid, gid);
2767 if (r < 0 && r != -EEXIST) {
2768 log_error("Failed to make home directory: %s", strerror(-r));
2772 fchown(STDIN_FILENO, uid, gid);
2773 fchown(STDOUT_FILENO, uid, gid);
2774 fchown(STDERR_FILENO, uid, gid);
2776 if (setgroups(n_uids, uids) < 0) {
2777 log_error("Failed to set auxiliary groups: %m");
2781 if (setresgid(gid, gid, gid) < 0) {
2782 log_error("setregid() failed: %m");
2786 if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid) < 0) {
2787 log_error("setreuid() failed: %m");
2801 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
2802 * container, the container was terminated by a signal, or
2803 * failed for an unknown reason. No change is made to the
2804 * container argument.
2805 * > 0 : The program executed in the container terminated with an
2806 * error. The exit code of the program executed in the
2807 * container is returned. No change is made to the container
2809 * 0 : The container is being rebooted, has been shut down or exited
2810 * successfully. The container argument has been set to either
2811 * CONTAINER_TERMINATED or CONTAINER_REBOOTED.
2813 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
2814 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
2816 static int wait_for_container(pid_t pid, ContainerStatus *container) {
2820 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
2822 log_warning("Failed to wait for container: %s", strerror(-r));
2826 switch (status.si_code) {
2828 r = status.si_status;
2831 log_debug("Container %s exited successfully.",
2834 *container = CONTAINER_TERMINATED;
2836 log_error("Container %s failed with error code %i.",
2837 arg_machine, status.si_status);
2842 if (status.si_status == SIGINT) {
2844 log_info("Container %s has been shut down.",
2847 *container = CONTAINER_TERMINATED;
2850 } else if (status.si_status == SIGHUP) {
2852 log_info("Container %s is being rebooted.",
2855 *container = CONTAINER_REBOOTED;
2859 /* CLD_KILLED fallthrough */
2862 log_error("Container %s terminated by signal %s.",
2863 arg_machine, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
2868 log_error("Container %s failed due to unknown reason.",
2877 static void nop_handler(int sig) {}
2879 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
2881 _cleanup_free_ char *kdbus_domain = NULL, *device_path = NULL, *root_device = NULL, *home_device = NULL, *srv_device = NULL;
2882 bool root_device_rw = true, home_device_rw = true, srv_device_rw = true;
2883 _cleanup_close_ int master = -1, kdbus_fd = -1, image_fd = -1;
2884 _cleanup_close_pair_ int kmsg_socket_pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
2885 _cleanup_fdset_free_ FDSet *fds = NULL;
2886 int r = EXIT_FAILURE, k, n_fd_passed, loop_nr = -1;
2887 const char *console = NULL;
2888 char veth_name[IFNAMSIZ];
2889 bool secondary = false;
2890 sigset_t mask, mask_chld;
2893 log_parse_environment();
2896 k = parse_argv(argc, argv);
2905 if (arg_directory) {
2908 p = path_make_absolute_cwd(arg_directory);
2909 free(arg_directory);
2912 arg_directory = get_current_dir_name();
2914 if (!arg_directory) {
2915 log_error("Failed to determine path, please use -D.");
2918 path_kill_slashes(arg_directory);
2922 arg_machine = strdup(basename(arg_image ? arg_image : arg_directory));
2928 hostname_cleanup(arg_machine, false);
2929 if (isempty(arg_machine)) {
2930 log_error("Failed to determine machine name automatically, please use -M.");
2935 if (geteuid() != 0) {
2936 log_error("Need to be root.");
2940 if (sd_booted() <= 0) {
2941 log_error("Not running on a systemd system.");
2946 n_fd_passed = sd_listen_fds(false);
2947 if (n_fd_passed > 0) {
2948 k = fdset_new_listen_fds(&fds, false);
2950 log_error("Failed to collect file descriptors: %s", strerror(-k));
2954 fdset_close_others(fds);
2957 if (arg_directory) {
2958 if (path_equal(arg_directory, "/")) {
2959 log_error("Spawning container on root directory not supported.");
2964 if (path_is_os_tree(arg_directory) <= 0) {
2965 log_error("Directory %s doesn't look like an OS root directory (os-release file is missing). Refusing.", arg_directory);
2971 p = strappenda(arg_directory,
2972 argc > optind && path_is_absolute(argv[optind]) ? argv[optind] : "/usr/bin/");
2973 if (access(p, F_OK) < 0) {
2974 log_error("Directory %s lacks the binary to execute or doesn't look like a binary tree. Refusing.", arg_directory);
2980 char template[] = "/tmp/nspawn-root-XXXXXX";
2982 if (!mkdtemp(template)) {
2983 log_error("Failed to create temporary directory: %m");
2988 arg_directory = strdup(template);
2989 if (!arg_directory) {
2994 image_fd = setup_image(&device_path, &loop_nr);
3000 r = dissect_image(image_fd,
3001 &root_device, &root_device_rw,
3002 &home_device, &home_device_rw,
3003 &srv_device, &srv_device_rw,
3009 master = posix_openpt(O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NDELAY);
3011 log_error("Failed to acquire pseudo tty: %m");
3015 console = ptsname(master);
3017 log_error("Failed to determine tty name: %m");
3022 log_info("Spawning container %s on %s.\nPress ^] three times within 1s to kill container.",
3023 arg_machine, arg_image ? arg_image : arg_directory);
3025 if (unlockpt(master) < 0) {
3026 log_error("Failed to unlock tty: %m");
3030 if (access("/dev/kdbus/control", F_OK) >= 0) {
3032 if (arg_share_system) {
3033 kdbus_domain = strdup("/dev/kdbus");
3034 if (!kdbus_domain) {
3041 ns = strappenda("machine-", arg_machine);
3042 kdbus_fd = bus_kernel_create_domain(ns, &kdbus_domain);
3044 log_debug("Failed to create kdbus domain: %s", strerror(-r));
3046 log_debug("Successfully created kdbus domain as %s", kdbus_domain);
3050 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_NONBLOCK|SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, kmsg_socket_pair) < 0) {
3051 log_error("Failed to create kmsg socket pair: %m");
3055 sd_notify(0, "READY=1");
3057 assert_se(sigemptyset(&mask) == 0);
3058 assert_se(sigemptyset(&mask_chld) == 0);
3059 sigaddset(&mask_chld, SIGCHLD);
3060 sigset_add_many(&mask, SIGCHLD, SIGWINCH, SIGTERM, SIGINT, -1);
3061 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, NULL) == 0);
3064 ContainerStatus container_status;
3065 int eventfds[2] = { -1, -1 };
3066 struct sigaction sa = {
3067 .sa_handler = nop_handler,
3068 .sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP,
3071 /* Child can be killed before execv(), so handle SIGCHLD
3072 * in order to interrupt parent's blocking calls and
3073 * give it a chance to call wait() and terminate. */
3074 r = sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &mask_chld, NULL);
3076 log_error("Failed to change the signal mask: %m");
3080 r = sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL);
3082 log_error("Failed to install SIGCHLD handler: %m");
3086 pid = clone_with_eventfd(SIGCHLD|CLONE_NEWNS|
3087 (arg_share_system ? 0 : CLONE_NEWIPC|CLONE_NEWPID|CLONE_NEWUTS)|
3088 (arg_private_network ? CLONE_NEWNET : 0), eventfds);
3090 if (errno == EINVAL)
3091 log_error("clone() failed, do you have namespace support enabled in your kernel? (You need UTS, IPC, PID and NET namespacing built in): %m");
3093 log_error("clone() failed: %m");
3101 _cleanup_free_ char *home = NULL;
3103 const char *envp[] = {
3104 "PATH=" DEFAULT_PATH_SPLIT_USR,
3105 "container=systemd-nspawn", /* LXC sets container=lxc, so follow the scheme here */
3110 NULL, /* container_uuid */
3111 NULL, /* LISTEN_FDS */
3112 NULL, /* LISTEN_PID */
3117 envp[n_env] = strv_find_prefix(environ, "TERM=");
3121 master = safe_close(master);
3123 close_nointr(STDIN_FILENO);
3124 close_nointr(STDOUT_FILENO);
3125 close_nointr(STDERR_FILENO);
3127 kmsg_socket_pair[0] = safe_close(kmsg_socket_pair[0]);
3129 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3131 assert_se(sigemptyset(&mask) == 0);
3132 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, NULL) == 0);
3134 k = open_terminal(console, O_RDWR);
3135 if (k != STDIN_FILENO) {
3141 log_error("Failed to open console: %s", strerror(-k));
3145 if (dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) != STDOUT_FILENO ||
3146 dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) != STDERR_FILENO) {
3147 log_error("Failed to duplicate console: %m");
3152 log_error("setsid() failed: %m");
3156 if (reset_audit_loginuid() < 0)
3159 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL) < 0) {
3160 log_error("PR_SET_PDEATHSIG failed: %m");
3164 /* Mark everything as slave, so that we still
3165 * receive mounts from the real root, but don't
3166 * propagate mounts to the real root. */
3167 if (mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE|MS_REC, NULL) < 0) {
3168 log_error("MS_SLAVE|MS_REC failed: %m");
3172 if (mount_devices(arg_directory,
3173 root_device, root_device_rw,
3174 home_device, home_device_rw,
3175 srv_device, srv_device_rw) < 0)
3178 /* Turn directory into bind mount */
3179 if (mount(arg_directory, arg_directory, "bind", MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0) {
3180 log_error("Failed to make bind mount: %m");
3184 r = setup_volatile(arg_directory);
3188 if (setup_volatile_state(arg_directory) < 0)
3191 r = base_filesystem_create(arg_directory);
3195 if (arg_read_only) {
3196 k = bind_remount_recursive(arg_directory, true);
3198 log_error("Failed to make tree read-only: %s", strerror(-k));
3203 if (mount_all(arg_directory) < 0)
3206 if (copy_devnodes(arg_directory) < 0)
3209 if (setup_ptmx(arg_directory) < 0)
3212 dev_setup(arg_directory);
3214 if (setup_seccomp() < 0)
3217 if (setup_dev_console(arg_directory, console) < 0)
3220 if (setup_kmsg(arg_directory, kmsg_socket_pair[1]) < 0)
3223 kmsg_socket_pair[1] = safe_close(kmsg_socket_pair[1]);
3225 if (setup_boot_id(arg_directory) < 0)
3228 if (setup_timezone(arg_directory) < 0)
3231 if (setup_resolv_conf(arg_directory) < 0)
3234 if (setup_journal(arg_directory) < 0)
3237 if (mount_binds(arg_directory, arg_bind, false) < 0)
3240 if (mount_binds(arg_directory, arg_bind_ro, true) < 0)
3243 if (mount_tmpfs(arg_directory) < 0)
3246 if (setup_kdbus(arg_directory, kdbus_domain) < 0)
3249 /* Tell the parent that we are ready, and that
3250 * it can cgroupify us to that we lack access
3251 * to certain devices and resources. */
3252 r = eventfd_send_state(eventfds[1],
3253 EVENTFD_CHILD_SUCCEEDED);
3254 eventfds[1] = safe_close(eventfds[1]);
3258 if (chdir(arg_directory) < 0) {
3259 log_error("chdir(%s) failed: %m", arg_directory);
3263 if (mount(arg_directory, "/", NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL) < 0) {
3264 log_error("mount(MS_MOVE) failed: %m");
3268 if (chroot(".") < 0) {
3269 log_error("chroot() failed: %m");
3273 if (chdir("/") < 0) {
3274 log_error("chdir() failed: %m");
3280 if (arg_private_network)
3283 if (drop_capabilities() < 0) {
3284 log_error("drop_capabilities() failed: %m");
3288 r = change_uid_gid(&home);
3292 if ((asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "HOME=%s", home ? home: "/root") < 0) ||
3293 (asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "USER=%s", arg_user ? arg_user : "root") < 0) ||
3294 (asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "LOGNAME=%s", arg_user ? arg_user : "root") < 0)) {
3299 if (!sd_id128_equal(arg_uuid, SD_ID128_NULL)) {
3302 if (asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "container_uuid=%s", id128_format_as_uuid(arg_uuid, as_uuid)) < 0) {
3308 if (fdset_size(fds) > 0) {
3309 k = fdset_cloexec(fds, false);
3311 log_error("Failed to unset O_CLOEXEC for file descriptors.");
3315 if ((asprintf((char **)(envp + n_env++), "LISTEN_FDS=%u", n_fd_passed) < 0) ||
3316 (asprintf((char **)(envp + n_env++), "LISTEN_PID=1") < 0)) {
3324 if (arg_personality != 0xffffffffLU) {
3325 if (personality(arg_personality) < 0) {
3326 log_error("personality() failed: %m");
3329 } else if (secondary) {
3330 if (personality(PER_LINUX32) < 0) {
3331 log_error("personality() failed: %m");
3337 if (arg_selinux_context)
3338 if (setexeccon((security_context_t) arg_selinux_context) < 0) {
3339 log_error("setexeccon(\"%s\") failed: %m", arg_selinux_context);
3344 if (!strv_isempty(arg_setenv)) {
3347 n = strv_env_merge(2, envp, arg_setenv);
3355 env_use = (char**) envp;
3357 /* Wait until the parent is ready with the setup, too... */
3358 r = eventfd_parent_succeeded(eventfds[0]);
3359 eventfds[0] = safe_close(eventfds[0]);
3367 /* Automatically search for the init system */
3369 l = 1 + argc - optind;
3370 a = newa(char*, l + 1);
3371 memcpy(a + 1, argv + optind, l * sizeof(char*));
3373 a[0] = (char*) "/usr/lib/systemd/systemd";
3374 execve(a[0], a, env_use);
3376 a[0] = (char*) "/lib/systemd/systemd";
3377 execve(a[0], a, env_use);
3379 a[0] = (char*) "/sbin/init";
3380 execve(a[0], a, env_use);
3381 } else if (argc > optind)
3382 execvpe(argv[optind], argv + optind, env_use);
3384 chdir(home ? home : "/root");
3385 execle("/bin/bash", "-bash", NULL, env_use);
3386 execle("/bin/sh", "-sh", NULL, env_use);
3389 log_error("execv() failed: %m");
3392 /* Tell the parent that the setup failed, so he
3393 * can clean up resources and terminate. */
3394 if (eventfds[1] != -1)
3395 eventfd_send_state(eventfds[1],
3396 EVENTFD_CHILD_FAILED);
3397 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3403 /* Wait for the child event:
3404 * If EVENTFD_CHILD_FAILED, the child will terminate soon.
3405 * If EVENTFD_CHILD_SUCCEEDED, the child is reporting that
3406 * it is ready with all it needs to do with priviliges.
3407 * After we got the notification we can make the process
3408 * join its cgroup which might limit what it can do */
3409 r = eventfd_child_succeeded(eventfds[1]);
3410 eventfds[1] = safe_close(eventfds[1]);
3413 r = register_machine(pid);
3417 r = move_network_interfaces(pid);
3421 r = setup_veth(pid, veth_name);
3425 r = setup_bridge(veth_name);
3429 r = setup_macvlan(pid);
3433 /* Block SIGCHLD here, before notifying child.
3434 * process_pty() will handle it with the other signals. */
3435 r = sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask_chld, NULL);
3439 /* Reset signal to default */
3440 r = default_signals(SIGCHLD, -1);
3444 /* Notify the child that the parent is ready with all
3445 * its setup, and that the child can now hand over
3446 * control to the code to run inside the container. */
3447 r = eventfd_send_state(eventfds[0], EVENTFD_PARENT_SUCCEEDED);
3448 eventfds[0] = safe_close(eventfds[0]);
3452 k = process_pty(master, &mask, arg_boot ? pid : 0, SIGRTMIN+3);
3461 /* Kill if it is not dead yet anyway */
3462 terminate_machine(pid);
3465 /* Normally redundant, but better safe than sorry */
3468 r = wait_for_container(pid, &container_status);
3472 /* We failed to wait for the container, or the
3473 * container exited abnormally */
3476 } else if (r > 0 || container_status == CONTAINER_TERMINATED)
3477 /* The container exited with a non-zero
3478 * status, or with zero status and no reboot
3482 /* CONTAINER_REBOOTED, loop again */
3484 if (arg_keep_unit) {
3485 /* Special handling if we are running as a
3486 * service: instead of simply restarting the
3487 * machine we want to restart the entire
3488 * service, so let's inform systemd about this
3489 * with the special exit code 133. The service
3490 * file uses RestartForceExitStatus=133 so
3491 * that this results in a full nspawn
3492 * restart. This is necessary since we might
3493 * have cgroup parameters set we want to have
3501 loop_remove(loop_nr, &image_fd);
3506 free(arg_directory);
3509 strv_free(arg_setenv);
3510 strv_free(arg_network_interfaces);
3511 strv_free(arg_network_macvlan);
3512 strv_free(arg_bind);
3513 strv_free(arg_bind_ro);
3514 strv_free(arg_tmpfs);