1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
25 #include <sys/types.h>
26 #include <sys/syscall.h>
27 #include <sys/mount.h>
33 #include <sys/prctl.h>
34 #include <sys/capability.h>
37 #include <sys/signalfd.h>
41 #include <sys/socket.h>
42 #include <linux/netlink.h>
44 #include <linux/veth.h>
45 #include <sys/personality.h>
46 #include <linux/loop.h>
49 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
57 #include <blkid/blkid.h>
60 #include "sd-daemon.h"
70 #include "cgroup-util.h"
72 #include "path-util.h"
73 #include "loopback-setup.h"
74 #include "dev-setup.h"
79 #include "bus-error.h"
81 #include "bus-kernel.h"
84 #include "rtnl-util.h"
85 #include "udev-util.h"
86 #include "blkid-util.h"
88 #include "siphash24.h"
90 #include "base-filesystem.h"
92 #include "event-util.h"
94 #include "btrfs-util.h"
97 #include "seccomp-util.h"
100 typedef enum ContainerStatus {
101 CONTAINER_TERMINATED,
105 typedef enum LinkJournal {
112 typedef enum Volatile {
118 static char *arg_directory = NULL;
119 static char *arg_template = NULL;
120 static char *arg_user = NULL;
121 static sd_id128_t arg_uuid = {};
122 static char *arg_machine = NULL;
123 static const char *arg_selinux_context = NULL;
124 static const char *arg_selinux_apifs_context = NULL;
125 static const char *arg_slice = NULL;
126 static bool arg_private_network = false;
127 static bool arg_read_only = false;
128 static bool arg_boot = false;
129 static bool arg_ephemeral = false;
130 static LinkJournal arg_link_journal = LINK_AUTO;
131 static bool arg_link_journal_try = false;
132 static uint64_t arg_retain =
133 (1ULL << CAP_CHOWN) |
134 (1ULL << CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE) |
135 (1ULL << CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH) |
136 (1ULL << CAP_FOWNER) |
137 (1ULL << CAP_FSETID) |
138 (1ULL << CAP_IPC_OWNER) |
140 (1ULL << CAP_LEASE) |
141 (1ULL << CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE) |
142 (1ULL << CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE) |
143 (1ULL << CAP_NET_BROADCAST) |
144 (1ULL << CAP_NET_RAW) |
145 (1ULL << CAP_SETGID) |
146 (1ULL << CAP_SETFCAP) |
147 (1ULL << CAP_SETPCAP) |
148 (1ULL << CAP_SETUID) |
149 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_ADMIN) |
150 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_CHROOT) |
151 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_NICE) |
152 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_PTRACE) |
153 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG) |
154 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_RESOURCE) |
155 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_BOOT) |
156 (1ULL << CAP_AUDIT_WRITE) |
157 (1ULL << CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL) |
159 static char **arg_bind = NULL;
160 static char **arg_bind_ro = NULL;
161 static char **arg_tmpfs = NULL;
162 static char **arg_setenv = NULL;
163 static bool arg_quiet = false;
164 static bool arg_share_system = false;
165 static bool arg_register = true;
166 static bool arg_keep_unit = false;
167 static char **arg_network_interfaces = NULL;
168 static char **arg_network_macvlan = NULL;
169 static bool arg_network_veth = false;
170 static const char *arg_network_bridge = NULL;
171 static unsigned long arg_personality = 0xffffffffLU;
172 static char *arg_image = NULL;
173 static Volatile arg_volatile = VOLATILE_NO;
175 static void help(void) {
176 printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [PATH] [ARGUMENTS...]\n\n"
177 "Spawn a minimal namespace container for debugging, testing and building.\n\n"
178 " -h --help Show this help\n"
179 " --version Print version string\n"
180 " -q --quiet Do not show status information\n"
181 " -D --directory=PATH Root directory for the container\n"
182 " --template=PATH Initialize root directory from template directory,\n"
184 " -x --ephemeral Run container with snapshot of root directory, and\n"
185 " remove it after exit\n"
186 " -i --image=PATH File system device or disk image for the container\n"
187 " -b --boot Boot up full system (i.e. invoke init)\n"
188 " -u --user=USER Run the command under specified user or uid\n"
189 " -M --machine=NAME Set the machine name for the container\n"
190 " --uuid=UUID Set a specific machine UUID for the container\n"
191 " -S --slice=SLICE Place the container in the specified slice\n"
192 " --private-network Disable network in container\n"
193 " --network-interface=INTERFACE\n"
194 " Assign an existing network interface to the\n"
196 " --network-macvlan=INTERFACE\n"
197 " Create a macvlan network interface based on an\n"
198 " existing network interface to the container\n"
199 " --network-veth Add a virtual ethernet connection between host\n"
201 " --network-bridge=INTERFACE\n"
202 " Add a virtual ethernet connection between host\n"
203 " and container and add it to an existing bridge on\n"
205 " -Z --selinux-context=SECLABEL\n"
206 " Set the SELinux security context to be used by\n"
207 " processes in the container\n"
208 " -L --selinux-apifs-context=SECLABEL\n"
209 " Set the SELinux security context to be used by\n"
210 " API/tmpfs file systems in the container\n"
211 " --capability=CAP In addition to the default, retain specified\n"
213 " --drop-capability=CAP Drop the specified capability from the default set\n"
214 " --link-journal=MODE Link up guest journal, one of no, auto, guest, host,\n"
215 " try-guest, try-host\n"
216 " -j Equivalent to --link-journal=try-guest\n"
217 " --read-only Mount the root directory read-only\n"
218 " --bind=PATH[:PATH] Bind mount a file or directory from the host into\n"
220 " --bind-ro=PATH[:PATH] Similar, but creates a read-only bind mount\n"
221 " --tmpfs=PATH:[OPTIONS] Mount an empty tmpfs to the specified directory\n"
222 " --setenv=NAME=VALUE Pass an environment variable to PID 1\n"
223 " --share-system Share system namespaces with host\n"
224 " --register=BOOLEAN Register container as machine\n"
225 " --keep-unit Do not register a scope for the machine, reuse\n"
226 " the service unit nspawn is running in\n"
227 " --volatile[=MODE] Run the system in volatile mode\n",
228 program_invocation_short_name);
231 static int set_sanitized_path(char **b, const char *path) {
237 p = canonicalize_file_name(path);
242 p = path_make_absolute_cwd(path);
248 *b = path_kill_slashes(p);
252 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
269 ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE,
278 static const struct option options[] = {
279 { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
280 { "version", no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERSION },
281 { "directory", required_argument, NULL, 'D' },
282 { "template", required_argument, NULL, ARG_TEMPLATE },
283 { "ephemeral", no_argument, NULL, 'x' },
284 { "user", required_argument, NULL, 'u' },
285 { "private-network", no_argument, NULL, ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK },
286 { "boot", no_argument, NULL, 'b' },
287 { "uuid", required_argument, NULL, ARG_UUID },
288 { "read-only", no_argument, NULL, ARG_READ_ONLY },
289 { "capability", required_argument, NULL, ARG_CAPABILITY },
290 { "drop-capability", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY },
291 { "link-journal", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LINK_JOURNAL },
292 { "bind", required_argument, NULL, ARG_BIND },
293 { "bind-ro", required_argument, NULL, ARG_BIND_RO },
294 { "tmpfs", required_argument, NULL, ARG_TMPFS },
295 { "machine", required_argument, NULL, 'M' },
296 { "slice", required_argument, NULL, 'S' },
297 { "setenv", required_argument, NULL, ARG_SETENV },
298 { "selinux-context", required_argument, NULL, 'Z' },
299 { "selinux-apifs-context", required_argument, NULL, 'L' },
300 { "quiet", no_argument, NULL, 'q' },
301 { "share-system", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM },
302 { "register", required_argument, NULL, ARG_REGISTER },
303 { "keep-unit", no_argument, NULL, ARG_KEEP_UNIT },
304 { "network-interface", required_argument, NULL, ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE },
305 { "network-macvlan", required_argument, NULL, ARG_NETWORK_MACVLAN },
306 { "network-veth", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NETWORK_VETH },
307 { "network-bridge", required_argument, NULL, ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE },
308 { "personality", required_argument, NULL, ARG_PERSONALITY },
309 { "image", required_argument, NULL, 'i' },
310 { "volatile", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_VOLATILE },
315 uint64_t plus = 0, minus = 0;
320 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+hD:u:bL:M:jS:Z:qi:x", options, NULL)) >= 0)
329 puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
330 puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
334 r = set_sanitized_path(&arg_directory, optarg);
336 return log_error_errno(r, "Invalid root directory: %m");
341 r = set_sanitized_path(&arg_template, optarg);
343 return log_error_errno(r, "Invalid template directory: %m");
348 r = set_sanitized_path(&arg_image, optarg);
350 return log_error_errno(r, "Invalid image path: %m");
355 arg_ephemeral = true;
360 arg_user = strdup(optarg);
366 case ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE:
367 arg_network_bridge = optarg;
371 case ARG_NETWORK_VETH:
372 arg_network_veth = true;
373 arg_private_network = true;
376 case ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE:
377 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_interfaces, optarg) < 0)
380 arg_private_network = true;
383 case ARG_NETWORK_MACVLAN:
384 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_macvlan, optarg) < 0)
389 case ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK:
390 arg_private_network = true;
398 r = sd_id128_from_string(optarg, &arg_uuid);
400 log_error("Invalid UUID: %s", optarg);
410 if (isempty(optarg)) {
414 if (!machine_name_is_valid(optarg)) {
415 log_error("Invalid machine name: %s", optarg);
419 r = free_and_strdup(&arg_machine, optarg);
427 arg_selinux_context = optarg;
431 arg_selinux_apifs_context = optarg;
435 arg_read_only = true;
439 case ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY: {
440 const char *state, *word;
443 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(word, length, optarg, ",", state) {
444 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
446 t = strndup(word, length);
450 if (streq(t, "all")) {
451 if (c == ARG_CAPABILITY)
452 plus = (uint64_t) -1;
454 minus = (uint64_t) -1;
458 cap = capability_from_name(t);
460 log_error("Failed to parse capability %s.", t);
464 if (c == ARG_CAPABILITY)
465 plus |= 1ULL << (uint64_t) cap;
467 minus |= 1ULL << (uint64_t) cap;
475 arg_link_journal = LINK_GUEST;
476 arg_link_journal_try = true;
479 case ARG_LINK_JOURNAL:
480 if (streq(optarg, "auto")) {
481 arg_link_journal = LINK_AUTO;
482 arg_link_journal_try = false;
483 } else if (streq(optarg, "no")) {
484 arg_link_journal = LINK_NO;
485 arg_link_journal_try = false;
486 } else if (streq(optarg, "guest")) {
487 arg_link_journal = LINK_GUEST;
488 arg_link_journal_try = false;
489 } else if (streq(optarg, "host")) {
490 arg_link_journal = LINK_HOST;
491 arg_link_journal_try = false;
492 } else if (streq(optarg, "try-guest")) {
493 arg_link_journal = LINK_GUEST;
494 arg_link_journal_try = true;
495 } else if (streq(optarg, "try-host")) {
496 arg_link_journal = LINK_HOST;
497 arg_link_journal_try = true;
499 log_error("Failed to parse link journal mode %s", optarg);
507 _cleanup_free_ char *a = NULL, *b = NULL;
511 x = c == ARG_BIND ? &arg_bind : &arg_bind_ro;
513 e = strchr(optarg, ':');
515 a = strndup(optarg, e - optarg);
525 if (!path_is_absolute(a) || !path_is_absolute(b)) {
526 log_error("Invalid bind mount specification: %s", optarg);
530 r = strv_extend(x, a);
534 r = strv_extend(x, b);
542 _cleanup_free_ char *a = NULL, *b = NULL;
545 e = strchr(optarg, ':');
547 a = strndup(optarg, e - optarg);
551 b = strdup("mode=0755");
557 if (!path_is_absolute(a)) {
558 log_error("Invalid tmpfs specification: %s", optarg);
562 r = strv_push(&arg_tmpfs, a);
568 r = strv_push(&arg_tmpfs, b);
580 if (!env_assignment_is_valid(optarg)) {
581 log_error("Environment variable assignment '%s' is not valid.", optarg);
585 n = strv_env_set(arg_setenv, optarg);
589 strv_free(arg_setenv);
598 case ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM:
599 arg_share_system = true;
603 r = parse_boolean(optarg);
605 log_error("Failed to parse --register= argument: %s", optarg);
613 arg_keep_unit = true;
616 case ARG_PERSONALITY:
618 arg_personality = personality_from_string(optarg);
619 if (arg_personality == 0xffffffffLU) {
620 log_error("Unknown or unsupported personality '%s'.", optarg);
629 arg_volatile = VOLATILE_YES;
631 r = parse_boolean(optarg);
633 if (streq(optarg, "state"))
634 arg_volatile = VOLATILE_STATE;
636 log_error("Failed to parse --volatile= argument: %s", optarg);
640 arg_volatile = r ? VOLATILE_YES : VOLATILE_NO;
649 assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
652 if (arg_share_system)
653 arg_register = false;
655 if (arg_boot && arg_share_system) {
656 log_error("--boot and --share-system may not be combined.");
660 if (arg_keep_unit && cg_pid_get_owner_uid(0, NULL) >= 0) {
661 log_error("--keep-unit may not be used when invoked from a user session.");
665 if (arg_directory && arg_image) {
666 log_error("--directory= and --image= may not be combined.");
670 if (arg_template && arg_image) {
671 log_error("--template= and --image= may not be combined.");
675 if (arg_template && !(arg_directory || arg_machine)) {
676 log_error("--template= needs --directory= or --machine=.");
680 if (arg_ephemeral && arg_template) {
681 log_error("--ephemeral and --template= may not be combined.");
685 if (arg_ephemeral && arg_image) {
686 log_error("--ephemeral and --image= may not be combined.");
690 if (arg_ephemeral && !IN_SET(arg_link_journal, LINK_NO, LINK_AUTO)) {
691 log_error("--ephemeral and --link-journal= may not be combined.");
695 if (arg_volatile != VOLATILE_NO && arg_read_only) {
696 log_error("Cannot combine --read-only with --volatile. Note that --volatile already implies a read-only base hierarchy.");
700 arg_retain = (arg_retain | plus | (arg_private_network ? 1ULL << CAP_NET_ADMIN : 0)) & ~minus;
705 static int mount_all(const char *dest) {
707 typedef struct MountPoint {
716 static const MountPoint mount_table[] = {
717 { "proc", "/proc", "proc", NULL, MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV, true },
718 { "/proc/sys", "/proc/sys", NULL, NULL, MS_BIND, true }, /* Bind mount first */
719 { NULL, "/proc/sys", NULL, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY|MS_REMOUNT, true }, /* Then, make it r/o */
720 { "sysfs", "/sys", "sysfs", NULL, MS_RDONLY|MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV, true },
721 { "tmpfs", "/dev", "tmpfs", "mode=755", MS_NOSUID|MS_STRICTATIME, true },
722 { "devpts", "/dev/pts", "devpts","newinstance,ptmxmode=0666,mode=620,gid=" STRINGIFY(TTY_GID), MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC, true },
723 { "tmpfs", "/dev/shm", "tmpfs", "mode=1777", MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME, true },
724 { "tmpfs", "/run", "tmpfs", "mode=755", MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME, true },
726 { "/sys/fs/selinux", "/sys/fs/selinux", NULL, NULL, MS_BIND, false }, /* Bind mount first */
727 { NULL, "/sys/fs/selinux", NULL, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY|MS_REMOUNT, false }, /* Then, make it r/o */
734 for (k = 0; k < ELEMENTSOF(mount_table); k++) {
735 _cleanup_free_ char *where = NULL;
737 _cleanup_free_ char *options = NULL;
742 where = strjoin(dest, "/", mount_table[k].where, NULL);
746 t = path_is_mount_point(where, true);
748 log_error_errno(t, "Failed to detect whether %s is a mount point: %m", where);
756 /* Skip this entry if it is not a remount. */
757 if (mount_table[k].what && t > 0)
760 t = mkdir_p(where, 0755);
762 if (mount_table[k].fatal) {
763 log_error_errno(t, "Failed to create directory %s: %m", where);
768 log_warning_errno(t, "Failed to create directory %s: %m", where);
774 if (arg_selinux_apifs_context &&
775 (streq_ptr(mount_table[k].what, "tmpfs") || streq_ptr(mount_table[k].what, "devpts"))) {
776 options = strjoin(mount_table[k].options, ",context=\"", arg_selinux_apifs_context, "\"", NULL);
783 o = mount_table[k].options;
786 if (mount(mount_table[k].what,
789 mount_table[k].flags,
792 if (mount_table[k].fatal) {
793 log_error_errno(errno, "mount(%s) failed: %m", where);
798 log_warning_errno(errno, "mount(%s) failed: %m", where);
805 static int mount_binds(const char *dest, char **l, bool ro) {
808 STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(x, y, l) {
809 _cleanup_free_ char *where = NULL;
810 struct stat source_st, dest_st;
813 if (stat(*x, &source_st) < 0)
814 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to stat %s: %m", *x);
816 where = strappend(dest, *y);
820 r = stat(where, &dest_st);
822 if ((source_st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != (dest_st.st_mode & S_IFMT)) {
823 log_error("The file types of %s and %s do not match. Refusing bind mount", *x, where);
826 } else if (errno == ENOENT) {
827 r = mkdir_parents_label(where, 0755);
829 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to bind mount %s: %m", *x);
831 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to bind mount %s: %m", *x);
835 /* Create the mount point, but be conservative -- refuse to create block
836 * and char devices. */
837 if (S_ISDIR(source_st.st_mode)) {
838 r = mkdir_label(where, 0755);
839 if (r < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
840 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create mount point %s: %m", where);
841 } else if (S_ISFIFO(source_st.st_mode)) {
842 r = mkfifo(where, 0644);
843 if (r < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
844 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to create mount point %s: %m", where);
845 } else if (S_ISSOCK(source_st.st_mode)) {
846 r = mknod(where, 0644 | S_IFSOCK, 0);
847 if (r < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
848 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to create mount point %s: %m", where);
849 } else if (S_ISREG(source_st.st_mode)) {
852 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create mount point %s: %m", where);
854 log_error("Refusing to create mountpoint for file: %s", *x);
858 if (mount(*x, where, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0)
859 return log_error_errno(errno, "mount(%s) failed: %m", where);
862 r = bind_remount_recursive(where, true);
864 return log_error_errno(r, "Read-Only bind mount failed: %m");
871 static int mount_tmpfs(const char *dest) {
874 STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(i, o, arg_tmpfs) {
875 _cleanup_free_ char *where = NULL;
878 where = strappend(dest, *i);
882 r = mkdir_label(where, 0755);
883 if (r < 0 && r != -EEXIST)
884 return log_error_errno(r, "Creating mount point for tmpfs %s failed: %m", where);
886 if (mount("tmpfs", where, "tmpfs", MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME, *o) < 0)
887 return log_error_errno(errno, "tmpfs mount to %s failed: %m", where);
893 static int setup_timezone(const char *dest) {
894 _cleanup_free_ char *where = NULL, *p = NULL, *q = NULL, *check = NULL, *what = NULL;
900 /* Fix the timezone, if possible */
901 r = readlink_malloc("/etc/localtime", &p);
903 log_warning("/etc/localtime is not a symlink, not updating container timezone.");
907 z = path_startswith(p, "../usr/share/zoneinfo/");
909 z = path_startswith(p, "/usr/share/zoneinfo/");
911 log_warning("/etc/localtime does not point into /usr/share/zoneinfo/, not updating container timezone.");
915 where = strappend(dest, "/etc/localtime");
919 r = readlink_malloc(where, &q);
921 y = path_startswith(q, "../usr/share/zoneinfo/");
923 y = path_startswith(q, "/usr/share/zoneinfo/");
925 /* Already pointing to the right place? Then do nothing .. */
926 if (y && streq(y, z))
930 check = strjoin(dest, "/usr/share/zoneinfo/", z, NULL);
934 if (access(check, F_OK) < 0) {
935 log_warning("Timezone %s does not exist in container, not updating container timezone.", z);
939 what = strappend("../usr/share/zoneinfo/", z);
943 r = mkdir_parents(where, 0755);
945 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create directory for timezone info %s in container: %m", where);
951 if (r < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
952 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to remove existing timezone info %s in container: %m", where);
957 if (symlink(what, where) < 0) {
958 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to correct timezone of container: %m");
965 static int setup_resolv_conf(const char *dest) {
966 _cleanup_free_ char *where = NULL;
971 if (arg_private_network)
974 /* Fix resolv.conf, if possible */
975 where = strappend(dest, "/etc/resolv.conf");
979 /* We don't really care for the results of this really. If it
980 * fails, it fails, but meh... */
981 r = mkdir_parents(where, 0755);
983 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to create parent directory for resolv.conf %s: %m", where);
988 r = copy_file("/etc/resolv.conf", where, O_TRUNC|O_NOFOLLOW, 0644);
990 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to copy /etc/resolv.conf to %s: %m", where);
998 static int setup_volatile_state(const char *directory) {
1004 if (arg_volatile != VOLATILE_STATE)
1007 /* --volatile=state means we simply overmount /var
1008 with a tmpfs, and the rest read-only. */
1010 r = bind_remount_recursive(directory, true);
1012 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to remount %s read-only: %m", directory);
1014 p = strappenda(directory, "/var");
1016 if (r < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
1017 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to create %s: %m", directory);
1019 if (mount("tmpfs", p, "tmpfs", MS_STRICTATIME, "mode=755") < 0)
1020 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to mount tmpfs to /var: %m");
1025 static int setup_volatile(const char *directory) {
1026 bool tmpfs_mounted = false, bind_mounted = false;
1027 char template[] = "/tmp/nspawn-volatile-XXXXXX";
1033 if (arg_volatile != VOLATILE_YES)
1036 /* --volatile=yes means we mount a tmpfs to the root dir, and
1037 the original /usr to use inside it, and that read-only. */
1039 if (!mkdtemp(template))
1040 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to create temporary directory: %m");
1042 if (mount("tmpfs", template, "tmpfs", MS_STRICTATIME, "mode=755") < 0) {
1043 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to mount tmpfs for root directory: %m");
1048 tmpfs_mounted = true;
1050 f = strappenda(directory, "/usr");
1051 t = strappenda(template, "/usr");
1054 if (r < 0 && errno != EEXIST) {
1055 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to create %s: %m", t);
1060 if (mount(f, t, "bind", MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0) {
1061 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to create /usr bind mount: %m");
1066 bind_mounted = true;
1068 r = bind_remount_recursive(t, true);
1070 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to remount %s read-only: %m", t);
1074 if (mount(template, directory, NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL) < 0) {
1075 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to move root mount: %m");
1093 static char* id128_format_as_uuid(sd_id128_t id, char s[37]) {
1096 "%02x%02x%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x",
1097 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(id));
1102 static int setup_boot_id(const char *dest) {
1103 _cleanup_free_ char *from = NULL, *to = NULL;
1104 sd_id128_t rnd = {};
1110 if (arg_share_system)
1113 /* Generate a new randomized boot ID, so that each boot-up of
1114 * the container gets a new one */
1116 from = strappend(dest, "/dev/proc-sys-kernel-random-boot-id");
1117 to = strappend(dest, "/proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id");
1121 r = sd_id128_randomize(&rnd);
1123 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to generate random boot id: %m");
1125 id128_format_as_uuid(rnd, as_uuid);
1127 r = write_string_file(from, as_uuid);
1129 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write boot id: %m");
1131 if (mount(from, to, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
1132 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to bind mount boot id: %m");
1134 } else if (mount(from, to, "bind", MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|MS_RDONLY, NULL))
1135 log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to make boot id read-only: %m");
1141 static int copy_devnodes(const char *dest) {
1143 static const char devnodes[] =
1154 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
1160 NULSTR_FOREACH(d, devnodes) {
1161 _cleanup_free_ char *from = NULL, *to = NULL;
1164 from = strappend("/dev/", d);
1165 to = strjoin(dest, "/dev/", d, NULL);
1169 if (stat(from, &st) < 0) {
1171 if (errno != ENOENT)
1172 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to stat %s: %m", from);
1174 } else if (!S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) && !S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
1176 log_error("%s is not a char or block device, cannot copy", from);
1180 r = mkdir_parents(to, 0775);
1182 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create parent directory of %s: %m", to);
1186 if (mknod(to, st.st_mode, st.st_rdev) < 0)
1187 return log_error_errno(errno, "mknod(%s) failed: %m", dest);
1194 static int setup_ptmx(const char *dest) {
1195 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
1197 p = strappend(dest, "/dev/ptmx");
1201 if (symlink("pts/ptmx", p) < 0)
1202 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to create /dev/ptmx symlink: %m");
1207 static int setup_dev_console(const char *dest, const char *console) {
1208 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
1218 if (stat("/dev/null", &st) < 0)
1219 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to stat /dev/null: %m");
1221 r = chmod_and_chown(console, 0600, 0, 0);
1223 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to correct access mode for TTY: %m");
1225 /* We need to bind mount the right tty to /dev/console since
1226 * ptys can only exist on pts file systems. To have something
1227 * to bind mount things on we create a device node first, and
1228 * use /dev/null for that since we the cgroups device policy
1229 * allows us to create that freely, while we cannot create
1230 * /dev/console. (Note that the major minor doesn't actually
1231 * matter here, since we mount it over anyway). */
1233 to = strappenda(dest, "/dev/console");
1234 if (mknod(to, (st.st_mode & ~07777) | 0600, st.st_rdev) < 0)
1235 return log_error_errno(errno, "mknod() for /dev/console failed: %m");
1237 if (mount(console, to, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0)
1238 return log_error_errno(errno, "Bind mount for /dev/console failed: %m");
1243 static int setup_kmsg(const char *dest, int kmsg_socket) {
1244 _cleanup_free_ char *from = NULL, *to = NULL;
1246 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
1248 struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
1249 uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
1251 struct msghdr mh = {
1252 .msg_control = &control,
1253 .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
1255 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
1258 assert(kmsg_socket >= 0);
1262 /* We create the kmsg FIFO as /dev/kmsg, but immediately
1263 * delete it after bind mounting it to /proc/kmsg. While FIFOs
1264 * on the reading side behave very similar to /proc/kmsg,
1265 * their writing side behaves differently from /dev/kmsg in
1266 * that writing blocks when nothing is reading. In order to
1267 * avoid any problems with containers deadlocking due to this
1268 * we simply make /dev/kmsg unavailable to the container. */
1269 if (asprintf(&from, "%s/dev/kmsg", dest) < 0 ||
1270 asprintf(&to, "%s/proc/kmsg", dest) < 0)
1273 if (mkfifo(from, 0600) < 0)
1274 return log_error_errno(errno, "mkfifo() for /dev/kmsg failed: %m");
1276 r = chmod_and_chown(from, 0600, 0, 0);
1278 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to correct access mode for /dev/kmsg: %m");
1280 if (mount(from, to, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0)
1281 return log_error_errno(errno, "Bind mount for /proc/kmsg failed: %m");
1283 fd = open(from, O_RDWR|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
1285 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open fifo: %m");
1287 cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
1288 cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
1289 cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
1290 cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
1291 memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &fd, sizeof(int));
1293 mh.msg_controllen = cmsg->cmsg_len;
1295 /* Store away the fd in the socket, so that it stays open as
1296 * long as we run the child */
1297 k = sendmsg(kmsg_socket, &mh, MSG_DONTWAIT|MSG_NOSIGNAL);
1301 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to send FIFO fd: %m");
1303 /* And now make the FIFO unavailable as /dev/kmsg... */
1308 static int setup_hostname(void) {
1310 if (arg_share_system)
1313 if (sethostname_idempotent(arg_machine) < 0)
1319 static int setup_journal(const char *directory) {
1320 sd_id128_t machine_id, this_id;
1321 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *b = NULL, *q = NULL, *d = NULL;
1325 /* Don't link journals in ephemeral mode */
1329 p = strappend(directory, "/etc/machine-id");
1333 r = read_one_line_file(p, &b);
1334 if (r == -ENOENT && arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO)
1337 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to read machine ID from %s: %m", p);
1340 if (isempty(id) && arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO)
1343 /* Verify validity */
1344 r = sd_id128_from_string(id, &machine_id);
1346 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse machine ID from %s: %m", p);
1348 r = sd_id128_get_machine(&this_id);
1350 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to retrieve machine ID: %m");
1352 if (sd_id128_equal(machine_id, this_id)) {
1353 log_full(arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_ERR,
1354 "Host and machine ids are equal (%s): refusing to link journals", id);
1355 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO)
1360 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_NO)
1364 p = strappend("/var/log/journal/", id);
1365 q = strjoin(directory, "/var/log/journal/", id, NULL);
1369 if (path_is_mount_point(p, false) > 0) {
1370 if (arg_link_journal != LINK_AUTO) {
1371 log_error("%s: already a mount point, refusing to use for journal", p);
1378 if (path_is_mount_point(q, false) > 0) {
1379 if (arg_link_journal != LINK_AUTO) {
1380 log_error("%s: already a mount point, refusing to use for journal", q);
1387 r = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &d);
1389 if ((arg_link_journal == LINK_GUEST ||
1390 arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO) &&
1393 r = mkdir_p(q, 0755);
1395 log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to create directory %s: %m", q);
1400 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to remove symlink %s: %m", p);
1401 } else if (r == -EINVAL) {
1403 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_GUEST &&
1406 if (errno == ENOTDIR) {
1407 log_error("%s already exists and is neither a symlink nor a directory", p);
1410 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to remove %s: %m", p);
1414 } else if (r != -ENOENT) {
1415 log_error_errno(errno, "readlink(%s) failed: %m", p);
1419 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_GUEST) {
1421 if (symlink(q, p) < 0) {
1422 if (arg_link_journal_try) {
1423 log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to symlink %s to %s, skipping journal setup: %m", q, p);
1426 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to symlink %s to %s: %m", q, p);
1431 r = mkdir_p(q, 0755);
1433 log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to create directory %s: %m", q);
1437 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_HOST) {
1438 /* don't create parents here -- if the host doesn't have
1439 * permanent journal set up, don't force it here */
1442 if (arg_link_journal_try) {
1443 log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to create %s, skipping journal setup: %m", p);
1446 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to create %s: %m", p);
1451 } else if (access(p, F_OK) < 0)
1454 if (dir_is_empty(q) == 0)
1455 log_warning("%s is not empty, proceeding anyway.", q);
1457 r = mkdir_p(q, 0755);
1459 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to create %s: %m", q);
1463 if (mount(p, q, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0)
1464 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to bind mount journal from host into guest: %m");
1469 static int drop_capabilities(void) {
1470 return capability_bounding_set_drop(~arg_retain, false);
1473 static int register_machine(pid_t pid, int local_ifindex) {
1474 _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
1475 _cleanup_bus_close_unref_ sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1481 r = sd_bus_default_system(&bus);
1483 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to open system bus: %m");
1485 if (arg_keep_unit) {
1486 r = sd_bus_call_method(
1488 "org.freedesktop.machine1",
1489 "/org/freedesktop/machine1",
1490 "org.freedesktop.machine1.Manager",
1491 "RegisterMachineWithNetwork",
1496 SD_BUS_MESSAGE_APPEND_ID128(arg_uuid),
1500 strempty(arg_directory),
1501 local_ifindex > 0 ? 1 : 0, local_ifindex);
1503 _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
1505 r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
1508 "org.freedesktop.machine1",
1509 "/org/freedesktop/machine1",
1510 "org.freedesktop.machine1.Manager",
1511 "CreateMachineWithNetwork");
1513 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create message: %m");
1515 r = sd_bus_message_append(
1519 SD_BUS_MESSAGE_APPEND_ID128(arg_uuid),
1523 strempty(arg_directory),
1524 local_ifindex > 0 ? 1 : 0, local_ifindex);
1526 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to append message arguments: %m");
1528 r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "(sv)");
1530 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to open container: %m");
1532 if (!isempty(arg_slice)) {
1533 r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "Slice", "s", arg_slice);
1535 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to append slice: %m");
1538 r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "DevicePolicy", "s", "strict");
1540 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add device policy: %m");
1542 r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "DeviceAllow", "a(ss)", 9,
1543 /* Allow the container to
1544 * access and create the API
1545 * device nodes, so that
1546 * PrivateDevices= in the
1547 * container can work
1552 "/dev/random", "rwm",
1553 "/dev/urandom", "rwm",
1555 "/dev/net/tun", "rwm",
1556 /* Allow the container
1557 * access to ptys. However,
1559 * container to ever create
1560 * these device nodes. */
1561 "/dev/pts/ptmx", "rw",
1564 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add device whitelist: %m");
1566 r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
1568 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to close container: %m");
1570 r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, 0, &error, NULL);
1574 log_error("Failed to register machine: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1581 static int terminate_machine(pid_t pid) {
1582 _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
1583 _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
1584 _cleanup_bus_close_unref_ sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1591 r = sd_bus_default_system(&bus);
1593 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to open system bus: %m");
1595 r = sd_bus_call_method(
1597 "org.freedesktop.machine1",
1598 "/org/freedesktop/machine1",
1599 "org.freedesktop.machine1.Manager",
1606 /* Note that the machine might already have been
1607 * cleaned up automatically, hence don't consider it a
1608 * failure if we cannot get the machine object. */
1609 log_debug("Failed to get machine: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1613 r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "o", &path);
1615 return bus_log_parse_error(r);
1617 r = sd_bus_call_method(
1619 "org.freedesktop.machine1",
1621 "org.freedesktop.machine1.Machine",
1627 log_debug("Failed to terminate machine: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1634 static int reset_audit_loginuid(void) {
1635 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
1638 if (arg_share_system)
1641 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/loginuid", &p);
1645 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to read /proc/self/loginuid: %m");
1647 /* Already reset? */
1648 if (streq(p, "4294967295"))
1651 r = write_string_file("/proc/self/loginuid", "4294967295");
1653 log_error("Failed to reset audit login UID. This probably means that your kernel is too\n"
1654 "old and you have audit enabled. Note that the auditing subsystem is known to\n"
1655 "be incompatible with containers on old kernels. Please make sure to upgrade\n"
1656 "your kernel or to off auditing with 'audit=0' on the kernel command line before\n"
1657 "using systemd-nspawn. Sleeping for 5s... (%s)\n", strerror(-r));
1665 #define HOST_HASH_KEY SD_ID128_MAKE(1a,37,6f,c7,46,ec,45,0b,ad,a3,d5,31,06,60,5d,b1)
1666 #define CONTAINER_HASH_KEY SD_ID128_MAKE(c3,c4,f9,19,b5,57,b2,1c,e6,cf,14,27,03,9c,ee,a2)
1667 #define MACVLAN_HASH_KEY SD_ID128_MAKE(00,13,6d,bc,66,83,44,81,bb,0c,f9,51,1f,24,a6,6f)
1669 static int generate_mac(struct ether_addr *mac, sd_id128_t hash_key, uint64_t idx) {
1675 l = strlen(arg_machine);
1676 sz = sizeof(sd_id128_t) + l;
1682 /* fetch some persistent data unique to the host */
1683 r = sd_id128_get_machine((sd_id128_t*) v);
1687 /* combine with some data unique (on this host) to this
1688 * container instance */
1689 i = mempcpy(v + sizeof(sd_id128_t), arg_machine, l);
1692 memcpy(i, &idx, sizeof(idx));
1695 /* Let's hash the host machine ID plus the container name. We
1696 * use a fixed, but originally randomly created hash key here. */
1697 siphash24(result, v, sz, hash_key.bytes);
1699 assert_cc(ETH_ALEN <= sizeof(result));
1700 memcpy(mac->ether_addr_octet, result, ETH_ALEN);
1702 /* see eth_random_addr in the kernel */
1703 mac->ether_addr_octet[0] &= 0xfe; /* clear multicast bit */
1704 mac->ether_addr_octet[0] |= 0x02; /* set local assignment bit (IEEE802) */
1709 static int setup_veth(pid_t pid, char iface_name[IFNAMSIZ], int *ifi) {
1710 _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
1711 _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
1712 struct ether_addr mac_host, mac_container;
1715 if (!arg_private_network)
1718 if (!arg_network_veth)
1721 /* Use two different interface name prefixes depending whether
1722 * we are in bridge mode or not. */
1723 snprintf(iface_name, IFNAMSIZ - 1, "%s-%s",
1724 arg_network_bridge ? "vb" : "ve", arg_machine);
1726 r = generate_mac(&mac_container, CONTAINER_HASH_KEY, 0);
1728 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to generate predictable MAC address for container side: %m");
1730 r = generate_mac(&mac_host, HOST_HASH_KEY, 0);
1732 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to generate predictable MAC address for host side: %m");
1734 r = sd_rtnl_open(&rtnl, 0);
1736 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to connect to netlink: %m");
1738 r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, &m, RTM_NEWLINK, 0);
1740 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to allocate netlink message: %m");
1742 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, iface_name);
1744 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add netlink interface name: %m");
1746 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_ether_addr(m, IFLA_ADDRESS, &mac_host);
1748 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add netlink MAC address: %m");
1750 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container(m, IFLA_LINKINFO);
1752 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to open netlink container: %m");
1754 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container_union(m, IFLA_INFO_DATA, "veth");
1756 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to open netlink container: %m");
1758 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container(m, VETH_INFO_PEER);
1760 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to open netlink container: %m");
1762 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, "host0");
1764 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add netlink interface name: %m");
1766 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_ether_addr(m, IFLA_ADDRESS, &mac_container);
1768 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add netlink MAC address: %m");
1770 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_NET_NS_PID, pid);
1772 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add netlink namespace field: %m");
1774 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1776 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to close netlink container: %m");
1778 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1780 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to close netlink container: %m");
1782 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1784 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to close netlink container: %m");
1786 r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
1788 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add new veth interfaces: %m");
1790 i = (int) if_nametoindex(iface_name);
1792 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to resolve interface %s: %m", iface_name);
1799 static int setup_bridge(const char veth_name[], int *ifi) {
1800 _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
1801 _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
1804 if (!arg_private_network)
1807 if (!arg_network_veth)
1810 if (!arg_network_bridge)
1813 bridge = (int) if_nametoindex(arg_network_bridge);
1815 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to resolve interface %s: %m", arg_network_bridge);
1819 r = sd_rtnl_open(&rtnl, 0);
1821 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to connect to netlink: %m");
1823 r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, &m, RTM_SETLINK, 0);
1825 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to allocate netlink message: %m");
1827 r = sd_rtnl_message_link_set_flags(m, IFF_UP, IFF_UP);
1829 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set IFF_UP flag: %m");
1831 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, veth_name);
1833 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add netlink interface name field: %m");
1835 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_MASTER, bridge);
1837 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add netlink master field: %m");
1839 r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
1841 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add veth interface to bridge: %m");
1846 static int parse_interface(struct udev *udev, const char *name) {
1847 _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *d = NULL;
1848 char ifi_str[2 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int)];
1851 ifi = (int) if_nametoindex(name);
1853 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to resolve interface %s: %m", name);
1855 sprintf(ifi_str, "n%i", ifi);
1856 d = udev_device_new_from_device_id(udev, ifi_str);
1858 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to get udev device for interface %s: %m", name);
1860 if (udev_device_get_is_initialized(d) <= 0) {
1861 log_error("Network interface %s is not initialized yet.", name);
1868 static int move_network_interfaces(pid_t pid) {
1869 _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
1870 _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
1874 if (!arg_private_network)
1877 if (strv_isempty(arg_network_interfaces))
1880 r = sd_rtnl_open(&rtnl, 0);
1882 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to connect to netlink: %m");
1886 log_error("Failed to connect to udev.");
1890 STRV_FOREACH(i, arg_network_interfaces) {
1891 _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
1894 ifi = parse_interface(udev, *i);
1898 r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, &m, RTM_SETLINK, ifi);
1900 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to allocate netlink message: %m");
1902 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_NET_NS_PID, pid);
1904 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to append namespace PID to netlink message: %m");
1906 r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
1908 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to move interface %s to namespace: %m", *i);
1914 static int setup_macvlan(pid_t pid) {
1915 _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
1916 _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
1921 if (!arg_private_network)
1924 if (strv_isempty(arg_network_macvlan))
1927 r = sd_rtnl_open(&rtnl, 0);
1929 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to connect to netlink: %m");
1933 log_error("Failed to connect to udev.");
1937 STRV_FOREACH(i, arg_network_macvlan) {
1938 _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
1939 _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
1940 struct ether_addr mac;
1943 ifi = parse_interface(udev, *i);
1947 r = generate_mac(&mac, MACVLAN_HASH_KEY, idx++);
1949 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create MACVLAN MAC address: %m");
1951 r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, &m, RTM_NEWLINK, 0);
1953 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to allocate netlink message: %m");
1955 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_LINK, ifi);
1957 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add netlink interface index: %m");
1959 n = strappend("mv-", *i);
1963 strshorten(n, IFNAMSIZ-1);
1965 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, n);
1967 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add netlink interface name: %m");
1969 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_ether_addr(m, IFLA_ADDRESS, &mac);
1971 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add netlink MAC address: %m");
1973 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_NET_NS_PID, pid);
1975 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add netlink namespace field: %m");
1977 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container(m, IFLA_LINKINFO);
1979 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to open netlink container: %m");
1981 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container_union(m, IFLA_INFO_DATA, "macvlan");
1983 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to open netlink container: %m");
1985 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_MACVLAN_MODE, MACVLAN_MODE_BRIDGE);
1987 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to append macvlan mode: %m");
1989 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1991 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to close netlink container: %m");
1993 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1995 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to close netlink container: %m");
1997 r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
1999 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add new macvlan interfaces: %m");
2005 static int setup_seccomp(void) {
2008 static const int blacklist[] = {
2009 SCMP_SYS(kexec_load),
2010 SCMP_SYS(open_by_handle_at),
2011 SCMP_SYS(init_module),
2012 SCMP_SYS(finit_module),
2013 SCMP_SYS(delete_module),
2020 scmp_filter_ctx seccomp;
2024 seccomp = seccomp_init(SCMP_ACT_ALLOW);
2028 r = seccomp_add_secondary_archs(seccomp);
2030 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add secondary archs to seccomp filter: %m");
2034 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(blacklist); i++) {
2035 r = seccomp_rule_add(seccomp, SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(EPERM), blacklist[i], 0);
2037 continue; /* unknown syscall */
2039 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to block syscall: %m");
2045 Audit is broken in containers, much of the userspace audit
2046 hookup will fail if running inside a container. We don't
2047 care and just turn off creation of audit sockets.
2049 This will make socket(AF_NETLINK, *, NETLINK_AUDIT) fail
2050 with EAFNOSUPPORT which audit userspace uses as indication
2051 that audit is disabled in the kernel.
2054 r = seccomp_rule_add(
2056 SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(EAFNOSUPPORT),
2059 SCMP_A0(SCMP_CMP_EQ, AF_NETLINK),
2060 SCMP_A2(SCMP_CMP_EQ, NETLINK_AUDIT));
2062 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add audit seccomp rule: %m");
2066 r = seccomp_attr_set(seccomp, SCMP_FLTATR_CTL_NNP, 0);
2068 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to unset NO_NEW_PRIVS: %m");
2072 r = seccomp_load(seccomp);
2074 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to install seccomp audit filter: %m");
2077 seccomp_release(seccomp);
2085 static int setup_image(char **device_path, int *loop_nr) {
2086 struct loop_info64 info = {
2087 .lo_flags = LO_FLAGS_AUTOCLEAR|LO_FLAGS_PARTSCAN
2089 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, control = -1, loop = -1;
2090 _cleanup_free_ char* loopdev = NULL;
2094 assert(device_path);
2098 fd = open(arg_image, O_CLOEXEC|(arg_read_only ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)|O_NONBLOCK|O_NOCTTY);
2100 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open %s: %m", arg_image);
2102 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
2103 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to stat %s: %m", arg_image);
2105 if (S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
2108 p = strdup(arg_image);
2122 if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
2123 log_error_errno(errno, "%s is not a regular file or block device: %m", arg_image);
2127 control = open("/dev/loop-control", O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NONBLOCK);
2129 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /dev/loop-control: %m");
2131 nr = ioctl(control, LOOP_CTL_GET_FREE);
2133 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to allocate loop device: %m");
2135 if (asprintf(&loopdev, "/dev/loop%i", nr) < 0)
2138 loop = open(loopdev, O_CLOEXEC|(arg_read_only ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)|O_NONBLOCK|O_NOCTTY);
2140 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open loop device %s: %m", loopdev);
2142 if (ioctl(loop, LOOP_SET_FD, fd) < 0)
2143 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to set loopback file descriptor on %s: %m", loopdev);
2146 info.lo_flags |= LO_FLAGS_READ_ONLY;
2148 if (ioctl(loop, LOOP_SET_STATUS64, &info) < 0)
2149 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to set loopback settings on %s: %m", loopdev);
2151 *device_path = loopdev;
2162 static int dissect_image(
2164 char **root_device, bool *root_device_rw,
2165 char **home_device, bool *home_device_rw,
2166 char **srv_device, bool *srv_device_rw,
2170 int home_nr = -1, srv_nr = -1;
2171 #ifdef GPT_ROOT_NATIVE
2174 #ifdef GPT_ROOT_SECONDARY
2175 int secondary_root_nr = -1;
2178 _cleanup_free_ char *home = NULL, *root = NULL, *secondary_root = NULL, *srv = NULL;
2179 _cleanup_udev_enumerate_unref_ struct udev_enumerate *e = NULL;
2180 _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *d = NULL;
2181 _cleanup_blkid_free_probe_ blkid_probe b = NULL;
2182 _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
2183 struct udev_list_entry *first, *item;
2184 bool home_rw = true, root_rw = true, secondary_root_rw = true, srv_rw = true;
2185 const char *pttype = NULL;
2191 assert(root_device);
2192 assert(home_device);
2197 b = blkid_new_probe();
2202 r = blkid_probe_set_device(b, fd, 0, 0);
2207 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to set device on blkid probe: %m");
2211 blkid_probe_enable_partitions(b, 1);
2212 blkid_probe_set_partitions_flags(b, BLKID_PARTS_ENTRY_DETAILS);
2215 r = blkid_do_safeprobe(b);
2216 if (r == -2 || r == 1) {
2217 log_error("Failed to identify any partition table on %s.\n"
2218 "Note that the disk image needs to follow http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec/ to be supported by systemd-nspawn.", arg_image);
2220 } else if (r != 0) {
2223 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to probe: %m");
2227 blkid_probe_lookup_value(b, "PTTYPE", &pttype, NULL);
2228 if (!streq_ptr(pttype, "gpt")) {
2229 log_error("Image %s does not carry a GUID Partition Table.\n"
2230 "Note that the disk image needs to follow http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec/ to be supported by systemd-nspawn.", arg_image);
2235 pl = blkid_probe_get_partitions(b);
2240 log_error("Failed to list partitions of %s", arg_image);
2248 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
2249 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to stat block device: %m");
2251 d = udev_device_new_from_devnum(udev, 'b', st.st_rdev);
2255 e = udev_enumerate_new(udev);
2259 r = udev_enumerate_add_match_parent(e, d);
2263 r = udev_enumerate_scan_devices(e);
2265 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to scan for partition devices of %s: %m", arg_image);
2267 first = udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(e);
2268 udev_list_entry_foreach(item, first) {
2269 _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *q;
2270 const char *stype, *node;
2271 unsigned long long flags;
2278 q = udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev, udev_list_entry_get_name(item));
2283 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to get partition device of %s: %m", arg_image);
2287 qn = udev_device_get_devnum(q);
2291 if (st.st_rdev == qn)
2294 node = udev_device_get_devnode(q);
2298 pp = blkid_partlist_devno_to_partition(pl, qn);
2302 flags = blkid_partition_get_flags(pp);
2303 if (flags & GPT_FLAG_NO_AUTO)
2306 nr = blkid_partition_get_partno(pp);
2310 stype = blkid_partition_get_type_string(pp);
2314 if (sd_id128_from_string(stype, &type_id) < 0)
2317 if (sd_id128_equal(type_id, GPT_HOME)) {
2319 if (home && nr >= home_nr)
2323 home_rw = !(flags & GPT_FLAG_READ_ONLY);
2326 home = strdup(node);
2329 } else if (sd_id128_equal(type_id, GPT_SRV)) {
2331 if (srv && nr >= srv_nr)
2335 srv_rw = !(flags & GPT_FLAG_READ_ONLY);
2342 #ifdef GPT_ROOT_NATIVE
2343 else if (sd_id128_equal(type_id, GPT_ROOT_NATIVE)) {
2345 if (root && nr >= root_nr)
2349 root_rw = !(flags & GPT_FLAG_READ_ONLY);
2352 root = strdup(node);
2357 #ifdef GPT_ROOT_SECONDARY
2358 else if (sd_id128_equal(type_id, GPT_ROOT_SECONDARY)) {
2360 if (secondary_root && nr >= secondary_root_nr)
2363 secondary_root_nr = nr;
2364 secondary_root_rw = !(flags & GPT_FLAG_READ_ONLY);
2367 free(secondary_root);
2368 secondary_root = strdup(node);
2369 if (!secondary_root)
2375 if (!root && !secondary_root) {
2376 log_error("Failed to identify root partition in disk image %s.\n"
2377 "Note that the disk image needs to follow http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec/ to be supported by systemd-nspawn.", arg_image);
2382 *root_device = root;
2385 *root_device_rw = root_rw;
2387 } else if (secondary_root) {
2388 *root_device = secondary_root;
2389 secondary_root = NULL;
2391 *root_device_rw = secondary_root_rw;
2396 *home_device = home;
2399 *home_device_rw = home_rw;
2406 *srv_device_rw = srv_rw;
2411 log_error("--image= is not supported, compiled without blkid support.");
2416 static int mount_device(const char *what, const char *where, const char *directory, bool rw) {
2418 _cleanup_blkid_free_probe_ blkid_probe b = NULL;
2419 const char *fstype, *p;
2429 p = strappenda(where, directory);
2434 b = blkid_new_probe_from_filename(what);
2438 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to allocate prober for %s: %m", what);
2442 blkid_probe_enable_superblocks(b, 1);
2443 blkid_probe_set_superblocks_flags(b, BLKID_SUBLKS_TYPE);
2446 r = blkid_do_safeprobe(b);
2447 if (r == -1 || r == 1) {
2448 log_error("Cannot determine file system type of %s", what);
2450 } else if (r != 0) {
2453 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to probe %s: %m", what);
2458 if (blkid_probe_lookup_value(b, "TYPE", &fstype, NULL) < 0) {
2461 log_error("Failed to determine file system type of %s", what);
2465 if (streq(fstype, "crypto_LUKS")) {
2466 log_error("nspawn currently does not support LUKS disk images.");
2470 if (mount(what, p, fstype, MS_NODEV|(rw ? 0 : MS_RDONLY), NULL) < 0)
2471 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to mount %s: %m", what);
2475 log_error("--image= is not supported, compiled without blkid support.");
2480 static int mount_devices(
2482 const char *root_device, bool root_device_rw,
2483 const char *home_device, bool home_device_rw,
2484 const char *srv_device, bool srv_device_rw) {
2490 r = mount_device(root_device, arg_directory, NULL, root_device_rw);
2492 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to mount root directory: %m");
2496 r = mount_device(home_device, arg_directory, "/home", home_device_rw);
2498 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to mount home directory: %m");
2502 r = mount_device(srv_device, arg_directory, "/srv", srv_device_rw);
2504 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to mount server data directory: %m");
2510 static void loop_remove(int nr, int *image_fd) {
2511 _cleanup_close_ int control = -1;
2517 if (image_fd && *image_fd >= 0) {
2518 r = ioctl(*image_fd, LOOP_CLR_FD);
2520 log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to close loop image: %m");
2521 *image_fd = safe_close(*image_fd);
2524 control = open("/dev/loop-control", O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NONBLOCK);
2526 log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to open /dev/loop-control: %m");
2530 r = ioctl(control, LOOP_CTL_REMOVE, nr);
2532 log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to remove loop %d: %m", nr);
2535 static int spawn_getent(const char *database, const char *key, pid_t *rpid) {
2543 if (pipe2(pipe_fds, O_CLOEXEC) < 0)
2544 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to allocate pipe: %m");
2548 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork getent child: %m");
2549 else if (pid == 0) {
2551 char *empty_env = NULL;
2553 if (dup3(pipe_fds[1], STDOUT_FILENO, 0) < 0)
2554 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2556 if (pipe_fds[0] > 2)
2557 safe_close(pipe_fds[0]);
2558 if (pipe_fds[1] > 2)
2559 safe_close(pipe_fds[1]);
2561 nullfd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
2563 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2565 if (dup3(nullfd, STDIN_FILENO, 0) < 0)
2566 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2568 if (dup3(nullfd, STDERR_FILENO, 0) < 0)
2569 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2574 reset_all_signal_handlers();
2575 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
2577 execle("/usr/bin/getent", "getent", database, key, NULL, &empty_env);
2578 execle("/bin/getent", "getent", database, key, NULL, &empty_env);
2579 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2582 pipe_fds[1] = safe_close(pipe_fds[1]);
2589 static int change_uid_gid(char **_home) {
2590 char line[LINE_MAX], *x, *u, *g, *h;
2591 const char *word, *state;
2592 _cleanup_free_ uid_t *uids = NULL;
2593 _cleanup_free_ char *home = NULL;
2594 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2595 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2596 unsigned n_uids = 0;
2605 if (!arg_user || streq(arg_user, "root") || streq(arg_user, "0")) {
2606 /* Reset everything fully to 0, just in case */
2608 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
2609 return log_error_errno(errno, "setgroups() failed: %m");
2611 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
2612 return log_error_errno(errno, "setregid() failed: %m");
2614 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
2615 return log_error_errno(errno, "setreuid() failed: %m");
2621 /* First, get user credentials */
2622 fd = spawn_getent("passwd", arg_user, &pid);
2626 f = fdopen(fd, "r");
2631 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2634 log_error("Failed to resolve user %s.", arg_user);
2638 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to read from getent: %m");
2644 wait_for_terminate_and_warn("getent passwd", pid, true);
2646 x = strchr(line, ':');
2648 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid user field.");
2652 u = strchr(x+1, ':');
2654 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid password field.");
2661 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid UID field.");
2669 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid GID field.");
2674 h = strchr(x+1, ':');
2676 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid GECOS field.");
2683 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid home directory field.");
2689 r = parse_uid(u, &uid);
2691 log_error("Failed to parse UID of user.");
2695 r = parse_gid(g, &gid);
2697 log_error("Failed to parse GID of user.");
2705 /* Second, get group memberships */
2706 fd = spawn_getent("initgroups", arg_user, &pid);
2711 f = fdopen(fd, "r");
2716 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2718 log_error("Failed to resolve user %s.", arg_user);
2722 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to read from getent: %m");
2728 wait_for_terminate_and_warn("getent initgroups", pid, true);
2730 /* Skip over the username and subsequent separator whitespace */
2732 x += strcspn(x, WHITESPACE);
2733 x += strspn(x, WHITESPACE);
2735 FOREACH_WORD(word, l, x, state) {
2741 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(uids, sz, n_uids+1))
2744 r = parse_uid(c, &uids[n_uids++]);
2746 log_error("Failed to parse group data from getent.");
2751 r = mkdir_parents(home, 0775);
2753 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to make home root directory: %m");
2755 r = mkdir_safe(home, 0755, uid, gid);
2756 if (r < 0 && r != -EEXIST)
2757 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to make home directory: %m");
2759 fchown(STDIN_FILENO, uid, gid);
2760 fchown(STDOUT_FILENO, uid, gid);
2761 fchown(STDERR_FILENO, uid, gid);
2763 if (setgroups(n_uids, uids) < 0)
2764 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to set auxiliary groups: %m");
2766 if (setresgid(gid, gid, gid) < 0)
2767 return log_error_errno(errno, "setregid() failed: %m");
2769 if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid) < 0)
2770 return log_error_errno(errno, "setreuid() failed: %m");
2782 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
2783 * container, the container was terminated by a signal, or
2784 * failed for an unknown reason. No change is made to the
2785 * container argument.
2786 * > 0 : The program executed in the container terminated with an
2787 * error. The exit code of the program executed in the
2788 * container is returned. The container argument has been set
2789 * to CONTAINER_TERMINATED.
2790 * 0 : The container is being rebooted, has been shut down or exited
2791 * successfully. The container argument has been set to either
2792 * CONTAINER_TERMINATED or CONTAINER_REBOOTED.
2794 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
2795 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
2797 static int wait_for_container(pid_t pid, ContainerStatus *container) {
2801 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
2803 return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to wait for container: %m");
2805 switch (status.si_code) {
2808 if (status.si_status == 0) {
2809 log_full(arg_quiet ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_INFO, "Container %s exited successfully.", arg_machine);
2812 log_full(arg_quiet ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_INFO, "Container %s failed with error code %i.", arg_machine, status.si_status);
2814 *container = CONTAINER_TERMINATED;
2815 return status.si_status;
2818 if (status.si_status == SIGINT) {
2820 log_full(arg_quiet ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_INFO, "Container %s has been shut down.", arg_machine);
2821 *container = CONTAINER_TERMINATED;
2824 } else if (status.si_status == SIGHUP) {
2826 log_full(arg_quiet ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_INFO, "Container %s is being rebooted.", arg_machine);
2827 *container = CONTAINER_REBOOTED;
2831 /* CLD_KILLED fallthrough */
2834 log_error("Container %s terminated by signal %s.", arg_machine, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
2838 log_error("Container %s failed due to unknown reason.", arg_machine);
2845 static void nop_handler(int sig) {}
2847 static int on_orderly_shutdown(sd_event_source *s, const struct signalfd_siginfo *si, void *userdata) {
2850 pid = PTR_TO_UINT32(userdata);
2852 if (kill(pid, SIGRTMIN+3) >= 0) {
2853 log_info("Trying to halt container. Send SIGTERM again to trigger immediate termination.");
2854 sd_event_source_set_userdata(s, NULL);
2859 sd_event_exit(sd_event_source_get_event(s), 0);
2863 static int determine_names(void) {
2865 if (!arg_image && !arg_directory) {
2867 arg_directory = strappend("/var/lib/container/", arg_machine);
2869 arg_directory = get_current_dir_name();
2871 if (!arg_directory) {
2872 log_error("Failed to determine path, please use -D.");
2878 if (arg_directory && path_equal(arg_directory, "/"))
2879 arg_machine = gethostname_malloc();
2881 arg_machine = strdup(basename(arg_image ?: arg_directory));
2886 hostname_cleanup(arg_machine, false);
2887 if (!machine_name_is_valid(arg_machine)) {
2888 log_error("Failed to determine machine name automatically, please use -M.");
2892 if (arg_ephemeral) {
2895 /* Add a random suffix when this is an
2896 * ephemeral machine, so that we can run many
2897 * instances at once without manually having
2898 * to specify -M each time. */
2900 if (asprintf(&b, "%s-%016" PRIx64, arg_machine, random_u64()) < 0)
2911 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
2913 _cleanup_free_ char *device_path = NULL, *root_device = NULL, *home_device = NULL, *srv_device = NULL;
2914 bool root_device_rw = true, home_device_rw = true, srv_device_rw = true;
2915 _cleanup_close_ int master = -1, image_fd = -1;
2916 _cleanup_close_pair_ int kmsg_socket_pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
2917 _cleanup_fdset_free_ FDSet *fds = NULL;
2918 int r, n_fd_passed, loop_nr = -1;
2919 const char *console = NULL;
2920 char veth_name[IFNAMSIZ];
2921 bool secondary = false, remove_subvol = false;
2922 sigset_t mask, mask_chld;
2924 int ret = EXIT_SUCCESS;
2926 log_parse_environment();
2929 r = parse_argv(argc, argv);
2933 r = determine_names();
2937 if (geteuid() != 0) {
2938 log_error("Need to be root.");
2943 if (sd_booted() <= 0) {
2944 log_error("Not running on a systemd system.");
2950 n_fd_passed = sd_listen_fds(false);
2951 if (n_fd_passed > 0) {
2952 r = fdset_new_listen_fds(&fds, false);
2954 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to collect file descriptors: %m");
2958 fdset_close_others(fds);
2961 if (arg_directory) {
2964 if (path_equal(arg_directory, "/") && !arg_ephemeral) {
2965 log_error("Spawning container on root directory is not supported. Consider using --ephemeral.");
2971 r = btrfs_subvol_snapshot(arg_template, arg_directory, arg_read_only, true);
2974 log_info("Directory %s already exists, not populating from template %s.", arg_directory, arg_template);
2976 log_error_errno(r, "Couldn't create snapshort %s from %s: %m", arg_directory, arg_template);
2980 log_info("Populated %s from template %s.", arg_directory, arg_template);
2983 } else if (arg_ephemeral) {
2986 /* If the specified path is a mount point we
2987 * generate the new snapshot immediately
2988 * inside it under a random name. However if
2989 * the specified is not a mount point we
2990 * create the new snapshot in the parent
2991 * directory, just next to it. */
2992 r = path_is_mount_point(arg_directory, false);
2994 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine whether directory %s is mount point: %m", arg_directory);
2998 r = tempfn_random_child(arg_directory, &np);
3000 r = tempfn_random(arg_directory, &np);
3002 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to generate name for snapshot: %m");
3006 r = btrfs_subvol_snapshot(arg_directory, np, arg_read_only, true);
3009 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create snapshot %s from %s: %m", np, arg_directory);
3013 free(arg_directory);
3016 remove_subvol = true;
3020 if (path_is_os_tree(arg_directory) <= 0) {
3021 log_error("Directory %s doesn't look like an OS root directory (os-release file is missing). Refusing.", arg_directory);
3028 p = strappenda(arg_directory,
3029 argc > optind && path_is_absolute(argv[optind]) ? argv[optind] : "/usr/bin/");
3030 if (access(p, F_OK) < 0) {
3031 log_error("Directory %s lacks the binary to execute or doesn't look like a binary tree. Refusing.", arg_directory);
3038 char template[] = "/tmp/nspawn-root-XXXXXX";
3041 assert(!arg_template);
3043 if (!mkdtemp(template)) {
3044 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to create temporary directory: %m");
3049 arg_directory = strdup(template);
3050 if (!arg_directory) {
3055 image_fd = setup_image(&device_path, &loop_nr);
3061 r = dissect_image(image_fd,
3062 &root_device, &root_device_rw,
3063 &home_device, &home_device_rw,
3064 &srv_device, &srv_device_rw,
3070 master = posix_openpt(O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NDELAY);
3072 r = log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to acquire pseudo tty: %m");
3076 console = ptsname(master);
3078 r = log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to determine tty name: %m");
3083 log_info("Spawning container %s on %s.\nPress ^] three times within 1s to kill container.",
3084 arg_machine, arg_image ?: arg_directory);
3086 if (unlockpt(master) < 0) {
3087 r = log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to unlock tty: %m");
3091 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_NONBLOCK|SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, kmsg_socket_pair) < 0) {
3092 r = log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to create kmsg socket pair: %m");
3098 "STATUS=Container running.");
3100 assert_se(sigemptyset(&mask) == 0);
3101 sigset_add_many(&mask, SIGCHLD, SIGWINCH, SIGTERM, SIGINT, -1);
3102 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, NULL) == 0);
3104 assert_se(sigemptyset(&mask_chld) == 0);
3105 assert_se(sigaddset(&mask_chld, SIGCHLD) == 0);
3108 ContainerStatus container_status;
3109 _cleanup_(barrier_destroy) Barrier barrier = BARRIER_NULL;
3110 struct sigaction sa = {
3111 .sa_handler = nop_handler,
3112 .sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP,
3115 r = barrier_create(&barrier);
3117 log_error_errno(r, "Cannot initialize IPC barrier: %m");
3121 /* Child can be killed before execv(), so handle SIGCHLD
3122 * in order to interrupt parent's blocking calls and
3123 * give it a chance to call wait() and terminate. */
3124 r = sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &mask_chld, NULL);
3126 r = log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to change the signal mask: %m");
3130 r = sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL);
3132 r = log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to install SIGCHLD handler: %m");
3136 pid = raw_clone(SIGCHLD|CLONE_NEWNS|
3137 (arg_share_system ? 0 : CLONE_NEWIPC|CLONE_NEWPID|CLONE_NEWUTS)|
3138 (arg_private_network ? CLONE_NEWNET : 0), NULL);
3140 if (errno == EINVAL)
3141 r = log_error_errno(errno, "clone() failed, do you have namespace support enabled in your kernel? (You need UTS, IPC, PID and NET namespacing built in): %m");
3143 r = log_error_errno(errno, "clone() failed: %m");
3150 _cleanup_free_ char *home = NULL;
3152 const char *envp[] = {
3153 "PATH=" DEFAULT_PATH_SPLIT_USR,
3154 "container=systemd-nspawn", /* LXC sets container=lxc, so follow the scheme here */
3159 NULL, /* container_uuid */
3160 NULL, /* LISTEN_FDS */
3161 NULL, /* LISTEN_PID */
3166 barrier_set_role(&barrier, BARRIER_CHILD);
3168 envp[n_env] = strv_find_prefix(environ, "TERM=");
3172 master = safe_close(master);
3174 close_nointr(STDIN_FILENO);
3175 close_nointr(STDOUT_FILENO);
3176 close_nointr(STDERR_FILENO);
3178 kmsg_socket_pair[0] = safe_close(kmsg_socket_pair[0]);
3180 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3181 reset_signal_mask();
3183 r = open_terminal(console, O_RDWR);
3184 if (r != STDIN_FILENO) {
3190 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to open console: %m");
3191 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3194 if (dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) != STDOUT_FILENO ||
3195 dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) != STDERR_FILENO) {
3196 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to duplicate console: %m");
3197 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3201 log_error_errno(errno, "setsid() failed: %m");
3202 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3205 if (reset_audit_loginuid() < 0)
3206 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3208 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL) < 0) {
3209 log_error_errno(errno, "PR_SET_PDEATHSIG failed: %m");
3210 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3213 /* Mark everything as slave, so that we still
3214 * receive mounts from the real root, but don't
3215 * propagate mounts to the real root. */
3216 if (mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE|MS_REC, NULL) < 0) {
3217 log_error_errno(errno, "MS_SLAVE|MS_REC failed: %m");
3218 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3221 if (mount_devices(arg_directory,
3222 root_device, root_device_rw,
3223 home_device, home_device_rw,
3224 srv_device, srv_device_rw) < 0)
3225 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3227 /* Turn directory into bind mount */
3228 if (mount(arg_directory, arg_directory, "bind", MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0) {
3229 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to make bind mount: %m");
3230 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3233 r = setup_volatile(arg_directory);
3235 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3237 if (setup_volatile_state(arg_directory) < 0)
3238 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3240 r = base_filesystem_create(arg_directory);
3242 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3244 if (arg_read_only) {
3245 r = bind_remount_recursive(arg_directory, true);
3247 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to make tree read-only: %m");
3248 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3252 if (mount_all(arg_directory) < 0)
3253 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3255 if (copy_devnodes(arg_directory) < 0)
3256 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3258 if (setup_ptmx(arg_directory) < 0)
3259 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3261 dev_setup(arg_directory);
3263 if (setup_seccomp() < 0)
3264 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3266 if (setup_dev_console(arg_directory, console) < 0)
3267 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3269 if (setup_kmsg(arg_directory, kmsg_socket_pair[1]) < 0)
3270 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3272 kmsg_socket_pair[1] = safe_close(kmsg_socket_pair[1]);
3274 if (setup_boot_id(arg_directory) < 0)
3275 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3277 if (setup_timezone(arg_directory) < 0)
3278 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3280 if (setup_resolv_conf(arg_directory) < 0)
3281 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3283 if (setup_journal(arg_directory) < 0)
3284 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3286 if (mount_binds(arg_directory, arg_bind, false) < 0)
3287 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3289 if (mount_binds(arg_directory, arg_bind_ro, true) < 0)
3290 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3292 if (mount_tmpfs(arg_directory) < 0)
3293 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3295 /* Tell the parent that we are ready, and that
3296 * it can cgroupify us to that we lack access
3297 * to certain devices and resources. */
3298 (void)barrier_place(&barrier);
3300 if (chdir(arg_directory) < 0) {
3301 log_error_errno(errno, "chdir(%s) failed: %m", arg_directory);
3302 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3305 if (mount(arg_directory, "/", NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL) < 0) {
3306 log_error_errno(errno, "mount(MS_MOVE) failed: %m");
3307 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3310 if (chroot(".") < 0) {
3311 log_error_errno(errno, "chroot() failed: %m");
3312 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3315 if (chdir("/") < 0) {
3316 log_error_errno(errno, "chdir() failed: %m");
3317 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3322 if (arg_private_network)
3325 if (drop_capabilities() < 0) {
3326 log_error_errno(errno, "drop_capabilities() failed: %m");
3327 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3330 r = change_uid_gid(&home);
3332 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3334 if ((asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "HOME=%s", home ? home: "/root") < 0) ||
3335 (asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "USER=%s", arg_user ? arg_user : "root") < 0) ||
3336 (asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "LOGNAME=%s", arg_user ? arg_user : "root") < 0)) {
3338 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3341 if (!sd_id128_equal(arg_uuid, SD_ID128_NULL)) {
3344 if (asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "container_uuid=%s", id128_format_as_uuid(arg_uuid, as_uuid)) < 0) {
3346 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3350 if (fdset_size(fds) > 0) {
3351 r = fdset_cloexec(fds, false);
3353 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to unset O_CLOEXEC for file descriptors.");
3354 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3357 if ((asprintf((char **)(envp + n_env++), "LISTEN_FDS=%u", n_fd_passed) < 0) ||
3358 (asprintf((char **)(envp + n_env++), "LISTEN_PID=1") < 0)) {
3360 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3366 if (arg_personality != 0xffffffffLU) {
3367 if (personality(arg_personality) < 0) {
3368 log_error_errno(errno, "personality() failed: %m");
3369 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3371 } else if (secondary) {
3372 if (personality(PER_LINUX32) < 0) {
3373 log_error_errno(errno, "personality() failed: %m");
3374 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3379 if (arg_selinux_context)
3380 if (setexeccon((security_context_t) arg_selinux_context) < 0) {
3381 log_error_errno(errno, "setexeccon(\"%s\") failed: %m", arg_selinux_context);
3382 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3386 if (!strv_isempty(arg_setenv)) {
3389 n = strv_env_merge(2, envp, arg_setenv);
3392 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3397 env_use = (char**) envp;
3399 /* Wait until the parent is ready with the setup, too... */
3400 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(&barrier))
3401 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3407 /* Automatically search for the init system */
3409 l = 1 + argc - optind;
3410 a = newa(char*, l + 1);
3411 memcpy(a + 1, argv + optind, l * sizeof(char*));
3413 a[0] = (char*) "/usr/lib/systemd/systemd";
3414 execve(a[0], a, env_use);
3416 a[0] = (char*) "/lib/systemd/systemd";
3417 execve(a[0], a, env_use);
3419 a[0] = (char*) "/sbin/init";
3420 execve(a[0], a, env_use);
3421 } else if (argc > optind)
3422 execvpe(argv[optind], argv + optind, env_use);
3424 chdir(home ? home : "/root");
3425 execle("/bin/bash", "-bash", NULL, env_use);
3426 execle("/bin/sh", "-sh", NULL, env_use);
3429 log_error_errno(errno, "execv() failed: %m");
3430 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3433 barrier_set_role(&barrier, BARRIER_PARENT);
3437 /* wait for child-setup to be done */
3438 if (barrier_place_and_sync(&barrier)) {
3439 _cleanup_event_unref_ sd_event *event = NULL;
3440 _cleanup_(pty_forward_freep) PTYForward *forward = NULL;
3443 r = move_network_interfaces(pid);
3447 r = setup_veth(pid, veth_name, &ifi);
3451 r = setup_bridge(veth_name, &ifi);
3455 r = setup_macvlan(pid);
3459 r = register_machine(pid, ifi);
3463 /* Block SIGCHLD here, before notifying child.
3464 * process_pty() will handle it with the other signals. */
3465 r = sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask_chld, NULL);
3469 /* Reset signal to default */
3470 r = default_signals(SIGCHLD, -1);
3474 /* Notify the child that the parent is ready with all
3475 * its setup, and that the child can now hand over
3476 * control to the code to run inside the container. */
3477 (void)barrier_place(&barrier);
3479 r = sd_event_new(&event);
3481 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get default event source: %m");
3486 /* Try to kill the init system on SIGINT or SIGTERM */
3487 sd_event_add_signal(event, NULL, SIGINT, on_orderly_shutdown, UINT32_TO_PTR(pid));
3488 sd_event_add_signal(event, NULL, SIGTERM, on_orderly_shutdown, UINT32_TO_PTR(pid));
3490 /* Immediately exit */
3491 sd_event_add_signal(event, NULL, SIGINT, NULL, NULL);
3492 sd_event_add_signal(event, NULL, SIGTERM, NULL, NULL);
3495 /* simply exit on sigchld */
3496 sd_event_add_signal(event, NULL, SIGCHLD, NULL, NULL);
3498 r = pty_forward_new(event, master, &forward);
3500 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create PTY forwarder: %m");
3504 r = sd_event_loop(event);
3506 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to run event loop: %m");
3510 forward = pty_forward_free(forward);
3515 /* Kill if it is not dead yet anyway */
3516 terminate_machine(pid);
3519 /* Normally redundant, but better safe than sorry */
3522 r = wait_for_container(pid, &container_status);
3526 /* We failed to wait for the container, or the
3527 * container exited abnormally */
3529 else if (r > 0 || container_status == CONTAINER_TERMINATED){
3530 /* The container exited with a non-zero
3531 * status, or with zero status and no reboot
3537 /* CONTAINER_REBOOTED, loop again */
3539 if (arg_keep_unit) {
3540 /* Special handling if we are running as a
3541 * service: instead of simply restarting the
3542 * machine we want to restart the entire
3543 * service, so let's inform systemd about this
3544 * with the special exit code 133. The service
3545 * file uses RestartForceExitStatus=133 so
3546 * that this results in a full nspawn
3547 * restart. This is necessary since we might
3548 * have cgroup parameters set we want to have
3559 "STATUS=Terminating...");
3561 loop_remove(loop_nr, &image_fd);
3566 if (remove_subvol && arg_directory) {
3569 k = btrfs_subvol_remove(arg_directory);
3571 log_warning_errno(k, "Cannot remove subvolume '%s', ignoring: %m", arg_directory);
3574 free(arg_directory);
3579 strv_free(arg_setenv);
3580 strv_free(arg_network_interfaces);
3581 strv_free(arg_network_macvlan);
3582 strv_free(arg_bind);
3583 strv_free(arg_bind_ro);
3584 strv_free(arg_tmpfs);
3586 return r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : ret;