1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2011 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
36 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
37 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include "sd-journal.h"
49 #include "logs-show.h"
51 #include "path-util.h"
57 #include "journal-internal.h"
58 #include "journal-def.h"
59 #include "journal-verify.h"
60 #include "journal-authenticate.h"
61 #include "journal-qrcode.h"
63 #include "unit-name.h"
67 #include "bus-error.h"
69 #define DEFAULT_FSS_INTERVAL_USEC (15*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
72 /* Special values for arg_lines */
73 ARG_LINES_DEFAULT = -2,
77 static OutputMode arg_output = OUTPUT_SHORT;
78 static bool arg_utc = false;
79 static bool arg_pager_end = false;
80 static bool arg_follow = false;
81 static bool arg_full = true;
82 static bool arg_all = false;
83 static bool arg_no_pager = false;
84 static int arg_lines = ARG_LINES_DEFAULT;
85 static bool arg_no_tail = false;
86 static bool arg_quiet = false;
87 static bool arg_merge = false;
88 static bool arg_boot = false;
89 static sd_id128_t arg_boot_id = {};
90 static int arg_boot_offset = 0;
91 static bool arg_dmesg = false;
92 static const char *arg_cursor = NULL;
93 static const char *arg_after_cursor = NULL;
94 static bool arg_show_cursor = false;
95 static const char *arg_directory = NULL;
96 static char **arg_file = NULL;
97 static int arg_priorities = 0xFF;
98 static const char *arg_verify_key = NULL;
100 static usec_t arg_interval = DEFAULT_FSS_INTERVAL_USEC;
101 static bool arg_force = false;
103 static usec_t arg_since, arg_until;
104 static bool arg_since_set = false, arg_until_set = false;
105 static char **arg_syslog_identifier = NULL;
106 static char **arg_system_units = NULL;
107 static char **arg_user_units = NULL;
108 static const char *arg_field = NULL;
109 static bool arg_catalog = false;
110 static bool arg_reverse = false;
111 static int arg_journal_type = 0;
112 static const char *arg_root = NULL;
113 static const char *arg_machine = NULL;
124 ACTION_UPDATE_CATALOG,
127 } arg_action = ACTION_SHOW;
129 typedef struct boot_id_t {
135 static void pager_open_if_enabled(void) {
140 pager_open(arg_pager_end);
143 static char *format_timestamp_maybe_utc(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
146 return format_timestamp_utc(buf, l, t);
148 return format_timestamp(buf, l, t);
151 static int parse_boot_descriptor(const char *x, sd_id128_t *boot_id, int *offset) {
152 sd_id128_t id = SD_ID128_NULL;
155 if (strlen(x) >= 32) {
159 r = sd_id128_from_string(t, &id);
163 if (*x != '-' && *x != '+' && *x != 0)
167 r = safe_atoi(x, &off);
172 r = safe_atoi(x, &off);
186 static void help(void) {
188 pager_open_if_enabled();
190 printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [MATCHES...]\n\n"
191 "Query the journal.\n\n"
193 " --system Show the system journal\n"
194 " --user Show the user journal for the current user\n"
195 " -M --machine=CONTAINER Operate on local container\n"
196 " --since=DATE Start showing entries on or newer than the specified date\n"
197 " --until=DATE Stop showing entries on or older than the specified date\n"
198 " -c --cursor=CURSOR Start showing entries from the specified cursor\n"
199 " --after-cursor=CURSOR Start showing entries from after the specified cursor\n"
200 " --show-cursor Print the cursor after all the entries\n"
201 " -b --boot[=ID] Show data only from ID or, if unspecified, the current boot\n"
202 " --list-boots Show terse information about recorded boots\n"
203 " -k --dmesg Show kernel message log from the current boot\n"
204 " -u --unit=UNIT Show data only from the specified unit\n"
205 " --user-unit=UNIT Show data only from the specified user session unit\n"
206 " -t --identifier=STRING Show only messages with the specified syslog identifier\n"
207 " -p --priority=RANGE Show only messages within the specified priority range\n"
208 " -e --pager-end Immediately jump to end of the journal in the pager\n"
209 " -f --follow Follow the journal\n"
210 " -n --lines[=INTEGER] Number of journal entries to show\n"
211 " --no-tail Show all lines, even in follow mode\n"
212 " -r --reverse Show the newest entries first\n"
213 " -o --output=STRING Change journal output mode (short, short-iso,\n"
214 " short-precise, short-monotonic, verbose,\n"
215 " export, json, json-pretty, json-sse, cat)\n"
216 " --utc Express time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)\n"
217 " -x --catalog Add message explanations where available\n"
218 " --no-full Ellipsize fields\n"
219 " -a --all Show all fields, including long and unprintable\n"
220 " -q --quiet Do not show privilege warning\n"
221 " --no-pager Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
222 " -m --merge Show entries from all available journals\n"
223 " -D --directory=PATH Show journal files from directory\n"
224 " --file=PATH Show journal file\n"
225 " --root=ROOT Operate on catalog files underneath the root ROOT\n"
227 " --interval=TIME Time interval for changing the FSS sealing key\n"
228 " --verify-key=KEY Specify FSS verification key\n"
229 " --force Force overriding of the FSS key pair with --setup-keys\n"
232 " -h --help Show this help text\n"
233 " --version Show package version\n"
234 " --new-id128 Generate a new 128-bit ID\n"
235 " --header Show journal header information\n"
236 " --disk-usage Show total disk usage of all journal files\n"
237 " -F --field=FIELD List all values that a specified field takes\n"
238 " --list-catalog Show message IDs of all entries in the message catalog\n"
239 " --dump-catalog Show entries in the message catalog\n"
240 " --update-catalog Update the message catalog database\n"
241 " --flush Flush all journal data from /run into /var\n"
243 " --setup-keys Generate a new FSS key pair\n"
244 " --verify Verify journal file consistency\n"
246 , program_invocation_short_name);
249 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
281 static const struct option options[] = {
282 { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
283 { "version" , no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERSION },
284 { "no-pager", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER },
285 { "pager-end", no_argument, NULL, 'e' },
286 { "follow", no_argument, NULL, 'f' },
287 { "force", no_argument, NULL, ARG_FORCE },
288 { "output", required_argument, NULL, 'o' },
289 { "all", no_argument, NULL, 'a' },
290 { "full", no_argument, NULL, 'l' },
291 { "no-full", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_FULL },
292 { "lines", optional_argument, NULL, 'n' },
293 { "no-tail", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_TAIL },
294 { "new-id128", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NEW_ID128 },
295 { "quiet", no_argument, NULL, 'q' },
296 { "merge", no_argument, NULL, 'm' },
297 { "boot", optional_argument, NULL, 'b' },
298 { "list-boots", no_argument, NULL, ARG_LIST_BOOTS },
299 { "this-boot", optional_argument, NULL, 'b' }, /* deprecated */
300 { "dmesg", no_argument, NULL, 'k' },
301 { "system", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SYSTEM },
302 { "user", no_argument, NULL, ARG_USER },
303 { "directory", required_argument, NULL, 'D' },
304 { "file", required_argument, NULL, ARG_FILE },
305 { "root", required_argument, NULL, ARG_ROOT },
306 { "header", no_argument, NULL, ARG_HEADER },
307 { "identifier", required_argument, NULL, 't' },
308 { "priority", required_argument, NULL, 'p' },
309 { "setup-keys", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SETUP_KEYS },
310 { "interval", required_argument, NULL, ARG_INTERVAL },
311 { "verify", no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERIFY },
312 { "verify-key", required_argument, NULL, ARG_VERIFY_KEY },
313 { "disk-usage", no_argument, NULL, ARG_DISK_USAGE },
314 { "cursor", required_argument, NULL, 'c' },
315 { "after-cursor", required_argument, NULL, ARG_AFTER_CURSOR },
316 { "show-cursor", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SHOW_CURSOR },
317 { "since", required_argument, NULL, ARG_SINCE },
318 { "until", required_argument, NULL, ARG_UNTIL },
319 { "unit", required_argument, NULL, 'u' },
320 { "user-unit", required_argument, NULL, ARG_USER_UNIT },
321 { "field", required_argument, NULL, 'F' },
322 { "catalog", no_argument, NULL, 'x' },
323 { "list-catalog", no_argument, NULL, ARG_LIST_CATALOG },
324 { "dump-catalog", no_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CATALOG },
325 { "update-catalog", no_argument, NULL, ARG_UPDATE_CATALOG },
326 { "reverse", no_argument, NULL, 'r' },
327 { "machine", required_argument, NULL, 'M' },
328 { "utc", no_argument, NULL, ARG_UTC },
329 { "flush", no_argument, NULL, ARG_FLUSH },
338 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hefo:aln::qmb::kD:p:c:t:u:F:xrM:", options, NULL)) >= 0)
347 puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
348 puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
356 arg_pager_end = true;
358 if (arg_lines == ARG_LINES_DEFAULT)
368 arg_output = output_mode_from_string(optarg);
369 if (arg_output < 0) {
370 log_error("Unknown output format '%s'.", optarg);
374 if (arg_output == OUTPUT_EXPORT ||
375 arg_output == OUTPUT_JSON ||
376 arg_output == OUTPUT_JSON_PRETTY ||
377 arg_output == OUTPUT_JSON_SSE ||
378 arg_output == OUTPUT_CAT)
397 if (streq(optarg, "all"))
398 arg_lines = ARG_LINES_ALL;
400 r = safe_atoi(optarg, &arg_lines);
401 if (r < 0 || arg_lines < 0) {
402 log_error("Failed to parse lines '%s'", optarg);
409 /* Hmm, no argument? Maybe the next
410 * word on the command line is
411 * supposed to be the argument? Let's
412 * see if there is one, and is
416 if (streq(argv[optind], "all")) {
417 arg_lines = ARG_LINES_ALL;
419 } else if (safe_atoi(argv[optind], &n) >= 0 && n >= 0) {
433 arg_action = ACTION_NEW_ID128;
448 r = parse_boot_descriptor(optarg, &arg_boot_id, &arg_boot_offset);
450 log_error("Failed to parse boot descriptor '%s'", optarg);
455 /* Hmm, no argument? Maybe the next
456 * word on the command line is
457 * supposed to be the argument? Let's
458 * see if there is one and is parsable
459 * as a boot descriptor... */
462 parse_boot_descriptor(argv[optind], &arg_boot_id, &arg_boot_offset) >= 0)
469 arg_action = ACTION_LIST_BOOTS;
473 arg_boot = arg_dmesg = true;
477 arg_journal_type |= SD_JOURNAL_SYSTEM;
481 arg_journal_type |= SD_JOURNAL_CURRENT_USER;
485 arg_machine = optarg;
489 arg_directory = optarg;
493 r = glob_extend(&arg_file, optarg);
495 log_error("Failed to add paths: %s", strerror(-r));
508 case ARG_AFTER_CURSOR:
509 arg_after_cursor = optarg;
512 case ARG_SHOW_CURSOR:
513 arg_show_cursor = true;
517 arg_action = ACTION_PRINT_HEADER;
521 arg_action = ACTION_VERIFY;
525 arg_action = ACTION_DISK_USAGE;
534 arg_action = ACTION_SETUP_KEYS;
539 arg_action = ACTION_VERIFY;
540 arg_verify_key = optarg;
545 r = parse_sec(optarg, &arg_interval);
546 if (r < 0 || arg_interval <= 0) {
547 log_error("Failed to parse sealing key change interval: %s", optarg);
556 log_error("Forward-secure sealing not available.");
563 dots = strstr(optarg, "..");
569 a = strndup(optarg, dots - optarg);
573 from = log_level_from_string(a);
574 to = log_level_from_string(dots + 2);
577 if (from < 0 || to < 0) {
578 log_error("Failed to parse log level range %s", optarg);
585 for (i = from; i <= to; i++)
586 arg_priorities |= 1 << i;
588 for (i = to; i <= from; i++)
589 arg_priorities |= 1 << i;
595 p = log_level_from_string(optarg);
597 log_error("Unknown log level %s", optarg);
603 for (i = 0; i <= p; i++)
604 arg_priorities |= 1 << i;
611 r = parse_timestamp(optarg, &arg_since);
613 log_error("Failed to parse timestamp: %s", optarg);
616 arg_since_set = true;
620 r = parse_timestamp(optarg, &arg_until);
622 log_error("Failed to parse timestamp: %s", optarg);
625 arg_until_set = true;
629 r = strv_extend(&arg_syslog_identifier, optarg);
635 r = strv_extend(&arg_system_units, optarg);
641 r = strv_extend(&arg_user_units, optarg);
654 case ARG_LIST_CATALOG:
655 arg_action = ACTION_LIST_CATALOG;
658 case ARG_DUMP_CATALOG:
659 arg_action = ACTION_DUMP_CATALOG;
662 case ARG_UPDATE_CATALOG:
663 arg_action = ACTION_UPDATE_CATALOG;
675 arg_action = ACTION_FLUSH;
682 assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
685 if (arg_follow && !arg_no_tail && arg_lines == ARG_LINES_DEFAULT)
688 if (!!arg_directory + !!arg_file + !!arg_machine > 1) {
689 log_error("Please specify either -D/--directory= or --file= or -M/--machine=, not more than one.");
693 if (arg_since_set && arg_until_set && arg_since > arg_until) {
694 log_error("--since= must be before --until=.");
698 if (!!arg_cursor + !!arg_after_cursor + !!arg_since_set > 1) {
699 log_error("Please specify only one of --since=, --cursor=, and --after-cursor.");
703 if (arg_follow && arg_reverse) {
704 log_error("Please specify either --reverse= or --follow=, not both.");
708 if (arg_action != ACTION_SHOW && optind < argc) {
709 log_error("Extraneous arguments starting with '%s'", argv[optind]);
716 static int generate_new_id128(void) {
721 r = sd_id128_randomize(&id);
723 log_error("Failed to generate ID: %s", strerror(-r));
727 printf("As string:\n"
728 SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR "\n\n"
730 "%02x%02x%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x\n\n"
732 "#define MESSAGE_XYZ SD_ID128_MAKE(",
733 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(id),
734 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(id));
735 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
736 printf("%02x%s", id.bytes[i], i != 15 ? "," : "");
737 fputs(")\n\n", stdout);
739 printf("As Python constant:\n"
741 ">>> MESSAGE_XYZ = uuid.UUID('" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR "')\n",
742 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(id));
747 static int add_matches(sd_journal *j, char **args) {
749 bool have_term = false;
753 STRV_FOREACH(i, args) {
756 if (streq(*i, "+")) {
759 r = sd_journal_add_disjunction(j);
762 } else if (path_is_absolute(*i)) {
763 _cleanup_free_ char *p, *t = NULL, *t2 = NULL;
765 _cleanup_free_ char *interpreter = NULL;
768 p = canonicalize_file_name(*i);
771 if (stat(path, &st) < 0) {
772 log_error("Couldn't stat file: %m");
776 if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) && (0111 & st.st_mode)) {
777 if (executable_is_script(path, &interpreter) > 0) {
778 _cleanup_free_ char *comm;
780 comm = strndup(basename(path), 15);
784 t = strappend("_COMM=", comm);
786 /* Append _EXE only if the interpreter is not a link.
787 Otherwise, it might be outdated often. */
788 if (lstat(interpreter, &st) == 0 &&
789 !S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
790 t2 = strappend("_EXE=", interpreter);
795 t = strappend("_EXE=", path);
796 } else if (S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) {
797 if (asprintf(&t, "_KERNEL_DEVICE=c%u:%u",
799 minor(st.st_rdev)) < 0)
801 } else if (S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
802 if (asprintf(&t, "_KERNEL_DEVICE=b%u:%u",
804 minor(st.st_rdev)) < 0)
807 log_error("File is neither a device node, nor regular file, nor executable: %s", *i);
814 r = sd_journal_add_match(j, t, 0);
816 r = sd_journal_add_match(j, t2, 0);
820 r = sd_journal_add_match(j, *i, 0);
825 log_error("Failed to add match '%s': %s", *i, strerror(-r));
830 if (!strv_isempty(args) && !have_term) {
831 log_error("\"+\" can only be used between terms");
838 static int boot_id_cmp(const void *a, const void *b) {
841 _a = ((const boot_id_t *)a)->first;
842 _b = ((const boot_id_t *)b)->first;
844 return _a < _b ? -1 : (_a > _b ? 1 : 0);
847 static int get_boots(sd_journal *j,
850 boot_id_t *query_ref_boot) {
853 size_t length, allocated = 0;
859 r = sd_journal_query_unique(j, "_BOOT_ID");
864 SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_UNIQUE(j, data, length) {
867 assert(startswith(data, "_BOOT_ID="));
869 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(*boots, allocated, *count + 1))
872 id = *boots + *count;
874 r = sd_id128_from_string(((const char *)data) + strlen("_BOOT_ID="), &id->id);
878 r = sd_journal_add_match(j, data, length);
882 r = sd_journal_seek_head(j);
886 r = sd_journal_next(j);
892 r = sd_journal_get_realtime_usec(j, &id->first);
896 if (query_ref_boot) {
898 if (sd_id128_equal(id->id, query_ref_boot->id))
899 *query_ref_boot = *id;
901 r = sd_journal_seek_tail(j);
905 r = sd_journal_previous(j);
911 r = sd_journal_get_realtime_usec(j, &id->last);
918 sd_journal_flush_matches(j);
921 qsort_safe(*boots, *count, sizeof(boot_id_t), boot_id_cmp);
925 static int list_boots(sd_journal *j) {
929 _cleanup_free_ boot_id_t *all_ids = NULL;
933 r = get_boots(j, &all_ids, &count, NULL);
937 pager_open_if_enabled();
939 /* numbers are one less, but we need an extra char for the sign */
940 w = DECIMAL_STR_WIDTH(count - 1) + 1;
942 for (id = all_ids, i = 0; id < all_ids + count; id++, i++) {
943 char a[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], b[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
945 printf("% *i " SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR " %s—%s\n",
947 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(id->id),
948 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(a, sizeof(a), id->first),
949 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(b, sizeof(b), id->last));
955 static int get_boot_id_by_offset(sd_journal *j, sd_id128_t *boot_id, int offset) {
958 boot_id_t ref_boot_id = {}, *id;
959 _cleanup_free_ boot_id_t *all_ids = NULL;
964 ref_boot_id.id = *boot_id;
965 r = get_boots(j, &all_ids, &count, &ref_boot_id);
969 if (sd_id128_equal(*boot_id, SD_ID128_NULL)) {
970 if (offset > (int) count || offset <= -(int)count)
971 return -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
973 *boot_id = all_ids[(offset <= 0)*count + offset - 1].id;
975 id = bsearch(&ref_boot_id, all_ids, count, sizeof(boot_id_t), boot_id_cmp);
978 offset <= 0 ? (id - all_ids) + offset < 0 :
979 (id - all_ids) + offset >= (int) count)
980 return -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
982 *boot_id = (id + offset)->id;
988 static int add_boot(sd_journal *j) {
989 char match[9+32+1] = "_BOOT_ID=";
997 if (arg_boot_offset == 0 && sd_id128_equal(arg_boot_id, SD_ID128_NULL))
998 return add_match_this_boot(j, arg_machine);
1000 r = get_boot_id_by_offset(j, &arg_boot_id, arg_boot_offset);
1002 if (sd_id128_equal(arg_boot_id, SD_ID128_NULL))
1003 log_error("Failed to look up boot %+i: %s", arg_boot_offset, strerror(-r));
1005 log_error("Failed to look up boot ID "SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR"%+i: %s",
1006 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(arg_boot_id), arg_boot_offset, strerror(-r));
1010 sd_id128_to_string(arg_boot_id, match + 9);
1012 r = sd_journal_add_match(j, match, sizeof(match) - 1);
1014 log_error("Failed to add match: %s", strerror(-r));
1018 r = sd_journal_add_conjunction(j);
1025 static int add_dmesg(sd_journal *j) {
1032 r = sd_journal_add_match(j, "_TRANSPORT=kernel", strlen("_TRANSPORT=kernel"));
1034 log_error("Failed to add match: %s", strerror(-r));
1038 r = sd_journal_add_conjunction(j);
1045 static int get_possible_units(sd_journal *j,
1049 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *found;
1053 found = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
1057 NULSTR_FOREACH(field, fields) {
1061 r = sd_journal_query_unique(j, field);
1065 SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_UNIQUE(j, data, size) {
1066 char **pattern, *eq;
1068 _cleanup_free_ char *u = NULL;
1070 eq = memchr(data, '=', size);
1072 prefix = eq - (char*) data + 1;
1076 u = strndup((char*) data + prefix, size - prefix);
1080 STRV_FOREACH(pattern, patterns)
1081 if (fnmatch(*pattern, u, FNM_NOESCAPE) == 0) {
1082 log_debug("Matched %s with pattern %s=%s", u, field, *pattern);
1084 r = set_consume(found, u);
1086 if (r < 0 && r != -EEXIST)
1099 /* This list is supposed to return the superset of unit names
1100 * possibly matched by rules added with add_matches_for_unit... */
1101 #define SYSTEM_UNITS \
1105 "OBJECT_SYSTEMD_UNIT\0" \
1108 /* ... and add_matches_for_user_unit */
1109 #define USER_UNITS \
1110 "_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT\0" \
1112 "COREDUMP_USER_UNIT\0" \
1113 "OBJECT_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT\0"
1115 static int add_units(sd_journal *j) {
1116 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **patterns = NULL;
1122 STRV_FOREACH(i, arg_system_units) {
1123 _cleanup_free_ char *u = NULL;
1125 u = unit_name_mangle(*i, MANGLE_GLOB);
1129 if (string_is_glob(u)) {
1130 r = strv_push(&patterns, u);
1135 r = add_matches_for_unit(j, u);
1138 r = sd_journal_add_disjunction(j);
1145 if (!strv_isempty(patterns)) {
1146 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *units = NULL;
1150 r = get_possible_units(j, SYSTEM_UNITS, patterns, &units);
1154 SET_FOREACH(u, units, it) {
1155 r = add_matches_for_unit(j, u);
1158 r = sd_journal_add_disjunction(j);
1165 strv_free(patterns);
1168 STRV_FOREACH(i, arg_user_units) {
1169 _cleanup_free_ char *u = NULL;
1171 u = unit_name_mangle(*i, MANGLE_GLOB);
1175 if (string_is_glob(u)) {
1176 r = strv_push(&patterns, u);
1181 r = add_matches_for_user_unit(j, u, getuid());
1184 r = sd_journal_add_disjunction(j);
1191 if (!strv_isempty(patterns)) {
1192 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *units = NULL;
1196 r = get_possible_units(j, USER_UNITS, patterns, &units);
1200 SET_FOREACH(u, units, it) {
1201 r = add_matches_for_user_unit(j, u, getuid());
1204 r = sd_journal_add_disjunction(j);
1211 /* Complain if the user request matches but nothing whatsoever was
1212 * found, since otherwise everything would be matched. */
1213 if (!(strv_isempty(arg_system_units) && strv_isempty(arg_user_units)) && count == 0)
1216 r = sd_journal_add_conjunction(j);
1223 static int add_priorities(sd_journal *j) {
1224 char match[] = "PRIORITY=0";
1228 if (arg_priorities == 0xFF)
1231 for (i = LOG_EMERG; i <= LOG_DEBUG; i++)
1232 if (arg_priorities & (1 << i)) {
1233 match[sizeof(match)-2] = '0' + i;
1235 r = sd_journal_add_match(j, match, strlen(match));
1237 log_error("Failed to add match: %s", strerror(-r));
1242 r = sd_journal_add_conjunction(j);
1250 static int add_syslog_identifier(sd_journal *j) {
1256 STRV_FOREACH(i, arg_syslog_identifier) {
1259 u = strappenda("SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=", *i);
1260 r = sd_journal_add_match(j, u, 0);
1263 r = sd_journal_add_disjunction(j);
1268 r = sd_journal_add_conjunction(j);
1275 static int setup_keys(void) {
1277 size_t mpk_size, seed_size, state_size, i;
1278 uint8_t *mpk, *seed, *state;
1280 int fd = -1, r, attr = 0;
1281 sd_id128_t machine, boot;
1282 char *p = NULL, *k = NULL;
1287 r = stat("/var/log/journal", &st);
1288 if (r < 0 && errno != ENOENT && errno != ENOTDIR) {
1289 log_error("stat(\"%s\") failed: %m", "/var/log/journal");
1293 if (r < 0 || !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
1294 log_error("%s is not a directory, must be using persistent logging for FSS.",
1295 "/var/log/journal");
1296 return r < 0 ? -errno : -ENOTDIR;
1299 r = sd_id128_get_machine(&machine);
1301 log_error("Failed to get machine ID: %s", strerror(-r));
1305 r = sd_id128_get_boot(&boot);
1307 log_error("Failed to get boot ID: %s", strerror(-r));
1311 if (asprintf(&p, "/var/log/journal/" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR "/fss",
1312 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(machine)) < 0)
1315 if (access(p, F_OK) >= 0) {
1319 log_error("unlink(\"%s\") failed: %m", p);
1324 log_error("Sealing key file %s exists already. (--force to recreate)", p);
1330 if (asprintf(&k, "/var/log/journal/" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR "/fss.tmp.XXXXXX",
1331 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(machine)) < 0) {
1336 mpk_size = FSPRG_mskinbytes(FSPRG_RECOMMENDED_SECPAR);
1337 mpk = alloca(mpk_size);
1339 seed_size = FSPRG_RECOMMENDED_SEEDLEN;
1340 seed = alloca(seed_size);
1342 state_size = FSPRG_stateinbytes(FSPRG_RECOMMENDED_SECPAR);
1343 state = alloca(state_size);
1345 fd = open("/dev/random", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
1347 log_error("Failed to open /dev/random: %m");
1352 log_info("Generating seed...");
1353 l = loop_read(fd, seed, seed_size, true);
1354 if (l < 0 || (size_t) l != seed_size) {
1355 log_error("Failed to read random seed: %s", strerror(EIO));
1360 log_info("Generating key pair...");
1361 FSPRG_GenMK(NULL, mpk, seed, seed_size, FSPRG_RECOMMENDED_SECPAR);
1363 log_info("Generating sealing key...");
1364 FSPRG_GenState0(state, mpk, seed, seed_size);
1366 assert(arg_interval > 0);
1368 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
1372 fd = mkostemp_safe(k, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
1374 log_error("Failed to open %s: %m", k);
1379 /* Enable secure remove, exclusion from dump, synchronous
1380 * writing and in-place updating */
1381 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &attr) < 0)
1382 log_warning("FS_IOC_GETFLAGS failed: %m");
1384 attr |= FS_SECRM_FL|FS_NODUMP_FL|FS_SYNC_FL|FS_NOCOW_FL;
1386 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &attr) < 0)
1387 log_warning("FS_IOC_SETFLAGS failed: %m");
1390 memcpy(h.signature, "KSHHRHLP", 8);
1391 h.machine_id = machine;
1393 h.header_size = htole64(sizeof(h));
1394 h.start_usec = htole64(n * arg_interval);
1395 h.interval_usec = htole64(arg_interval);
1396 h.fsprg_secpar = htole16(FSPRG_RECOMMENDED_SECPAR);
1397 h.fsprg_state_size = htole64(state_size);
1399 l = loop_write(fd, &h, sizeof(h), false);
1400 if (l < 0 || (size_t) l != sizeof(h)) {
1401 log_error("Failed to write header: %s", strerror(EIO));
1406 l = loop_write(fd, state, state_size, false);
1407 if (l < 0 || (size_t) l != state_size) {
1408 log_error("Failed to write state: %s", strerror(EIO));
1413 if (link(k, p) < 0) {
1414 log_error("Failed to link file: %m");
1422 "The new key pair has been generated. The " ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON "secret sealing key" ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF " has been written to\n"
1423 "the following local file. This key file is automatically updated when the\n"
1424 "sealing key is advanced. It should not be used on multiple hosts.\n"
1428 "Please write down the following " ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON "secret verification key" ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF ". It should be stored\n"
1429 "at a safe location and should not be saved locally on disk.\n"
1430 "\n\t" ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED_ON, p);
1433 for (i = 0; i < seed_size; i++) {
1434 if (i > 0 && i % 3 == 0)
1436 printf("%02x", ((uint8_t*) seed)[i]);
1439 printf("/%llx-%llx\n", (unsigned long long) n, (unsigned long long) arg_interval);
1442 char tsb[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX], *hn;
1445 ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF "\n"
1446 "The sealing key is automatically changed every %s.\n",
1447 format_timespan(tsb, sizeof(tsb), arg_interval, 0));
1449 hn = gethostname_malloc();
1452 hostname_cleanup(hn, false);
1453 fprintf(stderr, "\nThe keys have been generated for host %s/" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR ".\n", hn, SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(machine));
1455 fprintf(stderr, "\nThe keys have been generated for host " SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR ".\n", SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(machine));
1457 #ifdef HAVE_QRENCODE
1458 /* If this is not an UTF-8 system don't print any QR codes */
1459 if (is_locale_utf8()) {
1460 fputs("\nTo transfer the verification key to your phone please scan the QR code below:\n\n", stderr);
1461 print_qr_code(stderr, seed, seed_size, n, arg_interval, hn, machine);
1481 log_error("Forward-secure sealing not available.");
1486 static int verify(sd_journal *j) {
1493 log_show_color(true);
1495 ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH(f, j->files, i) {
1497 usec_t first, validated, last;
1500 if (!arg_verify_key && JOURNAL_HEADER_SEALED(f->header))
1501 log_notice("Journal file %s has sealing enabled but verification key has not been passed using --verify-key=.", f->path);
1504 k = journal_file_verify(f, arg_verify_key, &first, &validated, &last, true);
1506 /* If the key was invalid give up right-away. */
1509 log_warning("FAIL: %s (%s)", f->path, strerror(-k));
1512 char a[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], b[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], c[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
1513 log_info("PASS: %s", f->path);
1515 if (arg_verify_key && JOURNAL_HEADER_SEALED(f->header)) {
1516 if (validated > 0) {
1517 log_info("=> Validated from %s to %s, final %s entries not sealed.",
1518 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(a, sizeof(a), first),
1519 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(b, sizeof(b), validated),
1520 format_timespan(c, sizeof(c), last > validated ? last - validated : 0, 0));
1521 } else if (last > 0)
1522 log_info("=> No sealing yet, %s of entries not sealed.",
1523 format_timespan(c, sizeof(c), last - first, 0));
1525 log_info("=> No sealing yet, no entries in file.");
1534 static int access_check_var_log_journal(sd_journal *j) {
1535 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **g = NULL;
1541 have_access = in_group("systemd-journal") > 0;
1544 /* Let's enumerate all groups from the default ACL of
1545 * the directory, which generally should allow access
1546 * to most journal files too */
1547 r = search_acl_groups(&g, "/var/log/journal/", &have_access);
1554 if (strv_isempty(g))
1555 log_notice("Hint: You are currently not seeing messages from other users and the system.\n"
1556 " Users in the 'systemd-journal' group can see all messages. Pass -q to\n"
1557 " turn off this notice.");
1559 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
1561 r = strv_extend(&g, "systemd-journal");
1568 s = strv_join(g, "', '");
1572 log_notice("Hint: You are currently not seeing messages from other users and the system.\n"
1573 " Users in the groups '%s' can see all messages.\n"
1574 " Pass -q to turn off this notice.", s);
1582 static int access_check(sd_journal *j) {
1589 if (set_isempty(j->errors)) {
1590 if (ordered_hashmap_isempty(j->files))
1591 log_notice("No journal files were found.");
1595 if (set_contains(j->errors, INT_TO_PTR(-EACCES))) {
1597 /* If /var/log/journal doesn't even exist,
1598 * unprivileged users have no access at all */
1599 if (access("/var/log/journal", F_OK) < 0 &&
1601 in_group("systemd-journal") <= 0) {
1602 log_error("Unprivileged users cannot access messages, unless persistent log storage is\n"
1603 "enabled. Users in the 'systemd-journal' group may always access messages.");
1607 /* If /var/log/journal exists, try to pring a nice
1608 notice if the user lacks access to it */
1609 if (!arg_quiet && geteuid() != 0) {
1610 r = access_check_var_log_journal(j);
1615 if (geteuid() != 0 && in_group("systemd-journal") <= 0) {
1616 log_error("Unprivileged users cannot access messages. Users in the 'systemd-journal' group\n"
1617 "group may access messages.");
1622 if (ordered_hashmap_isempty(j->files)) {
1623 log_error("No journal files were opened due to insufficient permissions.");
1628 SET_FOREACH(code, j->errors, it) {
1631 err = -PTR_TO_INT(code);
1635 log_warning("Error was encountered while opening journal files: %s",
1642 static int flush_to_var(void) {
1643 _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
1644 _cleanup_bus_close_unref_ sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1645 _cleanup_close_ int watch_fd = -1;
1649 if (access("/run/systemd/journal/flushed", F_OK) >= 0)
1652 /* OK, let's actually do the full logic, send SIGUSR1 to the
1653 * daemon and set up inotify to wait for the flushed file to appear */
1654 r = bus_open_system_systemd(&bus);
1656 log_error("Failed to get D-Bus connection: %s", strerror(-r));
1660 r = sd_bus_call_method(
1662 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1663 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1664 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1668 "ssi", "systemd-journald.service", "main", SIGUSR1);
1670 log_error("Failed to kill journal service: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1674 mkdir_p("/run/systemd/journal", 0755);
1676 watch_fd = inotify_init1(IN_NONBLOCK|IN_CLOEXEC);
1678 log_error("Failed to create inotify watch: %m");
1682 r = inotify_add_watch(watch_fd, "/run/systemd/journal", IN_CREATE|IN_DONT_FOLLOW|IN_ONLYDIR);
1684 log_error("Failed to watch journal directory: %m");
1689 if (access("/run/systemd/journal/flushed", F_OK) >= 0)
1692 if (errno != ENOENT) {
1693 log_error("Failed to check for existance of /run/systemd/journal/flushed: %m");
1697 r = fd_wait_for_event(watch_fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
1699 log_error("Failed to wait for event: %s", strerror(-r));
1703 r = flush_fd(watch_fd);
1705 log_error("Failed to flush inotify events: %s", strerror(-r));
1713 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1715 _cleanup_journal_close_ sd_journal *j = NULL;
1716 bool need_seek = false;
1717 sd_id128_t previous_boot_id;
1718 bool previous_boot_id_valid = false, first_line = true;
1720 bool ellipsized = false;
1722 setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
1723 log_parse_environment();
1726 r = parse_argv(argc, argv);
1730 signal(SIGWINCH, columns_lines_cache_reset);
1732 if (arg_action == ACTION_NEW_ID128) {
1733 r = generate_new_id128();
1737 if (arg_action == ACTION_FLUSH) {
1742 if (arg_action == ACTION_SETUP_KEYS) {
1747 if (arg_action == ACTION_UPDATE_CATALOG ||
1748 arg_action == ACTION_LIST_CATALOG ||
1749 arg_action == ACTION_DUMP_CATALOG) {
1751 _cleanup_free_ char *database;
1753 database = path_join(arg_root, CATALOG_DATABASE, NULL);
1759 if (arg_action == ACTION_UPDATE_CATALOG) {
1760 r = catalog_update(database, arg_root, catalog_file_dirs);
1762 log_error("Failed to list catalog: %s", strerror(-r));
1764 bool oneline = arg_action == ACTION_LIST_CATALOG;
1767 r = catalog_list_items(stdout, database,
1768 oneline, argv + optind);
1770 r = catalog_list(stdout, database, oneline);
1772 log_error("Failed to list catalog: %s", strerror(-r));
1779 r = sd_journal_open_directory(&j, arg_directory, arg_journal_type);
1781 r = sd_journal_open_files(&j, (const char**) arg_file, 0);
1782 else if (arg_machine)
1783 r = sd_journal_open_container(&j, arg_machine, 0);
1785 r = sd_journal_open(&j, !arg_merge*SD_JOURNAL_LOCAL_ONLY + arg_journal_type);
1787 log_error("Failed to open %s: %s",
1788 arg_directory ? arg_directory : arg_file ? "files" : "journal",
1790 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1793 r = access_check(j);
1795 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1797 if (arg_action == ACTION_VERIFY) {
1802 if (arg_action == ACTION_PRINT_HEADER) {
1803 journal_print_header(j);
1804 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
1807 if (arg_action == ACTION_DISK_USAGE) {
1809 char sbytes[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX];
1811 r = sd_journal_get_usage(j, &bytes);
1813 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1815 printf("Journals take up %s on disk.\n",
1816 format_bytes(sbytes, sizeof(sbytes), bytes));
1817 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
1820 if (arg_action == ACTION_LIST_BOOTS) {
1825 /* add_boot() must be called first!
1826 * It may need to seek the journal to find parent boot IDs. */
1829 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1833 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1836 strv_free(arg_system_units);
1837 strv_free(arg_user_units);
1840 log_error("Failed to add filter for units: %s", strerror(-r));
1841 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1844 r = add_syslog_identifier(j);
1846 log_error("Failed to add filter for syslog identifiers: %s", strerror(-r));
1847 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1850 r = add_priorities(j);
1852 log_error("Failed to add filter for priorities: %s", strerror(-r));
1853 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1856 r = add_matches(j, argv + optind);
1858 log_error("Failed to add filters: %s", strerror(-r));
1859 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1862 if (_unlikely_(log_get_max_level() >= LOG_PRI(LOG_DEBUG))) {
1863 _cleanup_free_ char *filter;
1865 filter = journal_make_match_string(j);
1866 log_debug("Journal filter: %s", filter);
1873 r = sd_journal_set_data_threshold(j, 0);
1875 log_error("Failed to unset data size threshold");
1876 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1879 r = sd_journal_query_unique(j, arg_field);
1881 log_error("Failed to query unique data objects: %s", strerror(-r));
1882 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1885 SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_UNIQUE(j, data, size) {
1888 if (arg_lines >= 0 && n_shown >= arg_lines)
1891 eq = memchr(data, '=', size);
1893 printf("%.*s\n", (int) (size - ((const uint8_t*) eq - (const uint8_t*) data + 1)), (const char*) eq + 1);
1895 printf("%.*s\n", (int) size, (const char*) data);
1900 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
1903 /* Opening the fd now means the first sd_journal_wait() will actually wait */
1905 r = sd_journal_get_fd(j);
1907 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1910 if (arg_cursor || arg_after_cursor) {
1911 r = sd_journal_seek_cursor(j, arg_cursor ?: arg_after_cursor);
1913 log_error("Failed to seek to cursor: %s", strerror(-r));
1914 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1917 r = sd_journal_next_skip(j, 1 + !!arg_after_cursor);
1919 r = sd_journal_previous_skip(j, 1 + !!arg_after_cursor);
1921 if (arg_after_cursor && r < 2 && !arg_follow)
1922 /* We couldn't find the next entry after the cursor. */
1925 } else if (arg_since_set && !arg_reverse) {
1926 r = sd_journal_seek_realtime_usec(j, arg_since);
1928 log_error("Failed to seek to date: %s", strerror(-r));
1929 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1931 r = sd_journal_next(j);
1933 } else if (arg_until_set && arg_reverse) {
1934 r = sd_journal_seek_realtime_usec(j, arg_until);
1936 log_error("Failed to seek to date: %s", strerror(-r));
1937 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1939 r = sd_journal_previous(j);
1941 } else if (arg_lines >= 0) {
1942 r = sd_journal_seek_tail(j);
1944 log_error("Failed to seek to tail: %s", strerror(-r));
1945 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1948 r = sd_journal_previous_skip(j, arg_lines);
1950 } else if (arg_reverse) {
1951 r = sd_journal_seek_tail(j);
1953 log_error("Failed to seek to tail: %s", strerror(-r));
1954 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1957 r = sd_journal_previous(j);
1960 r = sd_journal_seek_head(j);
1962 log_error("Failed to seek to head: %s", strerror(-r));
1963 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1966 r = sd_journal_next(j);
1970 log_error("Failed to iterate through journal: %s", strerror(-r));
1971 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1975 pager_open_if_enabled();
1979 char start_buf[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], end_buf[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
1981 r = sd_journal_get_cutoff_realtime_usec(j, &start, &end);
1983 log_error("Failed to get cutoff: %s", strerror(-r));
1989 printf("-- Logs begin at %s. --\n",
1990 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(start_buf, sizeof(start_buf), start));
1992 printf("-- Logs begin at %s, end at %s. --\n",
1993 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(start_buf, sizeof(start_buf), start),
1994 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(end_buf, sizeof(end_buf), end));
1999 while (arg_lines < 0 || n_shown < arg_lines || (arg_follow && !first_line)) {
2004 r = sd_journal_next(j);
2006 r = sd_journal_previous(j);
2008 log_error("Failed to iterate through journal: %s", strerror(-r));
2015 if (arg_until_set && !arg_reverse) {
2018 r = sd_journal_get_realtime_usec(j, &usec);
2020 log_error("Failed to determine timestamp: %s", strerror(-r));
2023 if (usec > arg_until)
2027 if (arg_since_set && arg_reverse) {
2030 r = sd_journal_get_realtime_usec(j, &usec);
2032 log_error("Failed to determine timestamp: %s", strerror(-r));
2035 if (usec < arg_since)
2039 if (!arg_merge && !arg_quiet) {
2042 r = sd_journal_get_monotonic_usec(j, NULL, &boot_id);
2044 if (previous_boot_id_valid &&
2045 !sd_id128_equal(boot_id, previous_boot_id))
2046 printf("%s-- Reboot --%s\n",
2047 ansi_highlight(), ansi_highlight_off());
2049 previous_boot_id = boot_id;
2050 previous_boot_id_valid = true;
2055 arg_all * OUTPUT_SHOW_ALL |
2056 arg_full * OUTPUT_FULL_WIDTH |
2057 on_tty() * OUTPUT_COLOR |
2058 arg_catalog * OUTPUT_CATALOG |
2059 arg_utc * OUTPUT_UTC;
2061 r = output_journal(stdout, j, arg_output, 0, flags, &ellipsized);
2063 if (r == -EADDRNOTAVAIL)
2065 else if (r < 0 || ferror(stdout))
2072 if (arg_show_cursor) {
2073 _cleanup_free_ char *cursor = NULL;
2075 r = sd_journal_get_cursor(j, &cursor);
2076 if (r < 0 && r != -EADDRNOTAVAIL)
2077 log_error("Failed to get cursor: %s", strerror(-r));
2079 printf("-- cursor: %s\n", cursor);
2085 r = sd_journal_wait(j, (uint64_t) -1);
2087 log_error("Couldn't wait for journal event: %s", strerror(-r));
2097 strv_free(arg_file);
2099 return r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;