1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
22 #include <dbus/dbus.h>
28 #include <sys/types.h>
34 #include <sys/prctl.h>
35 #include <sys/mount.h>
39 #include "load-fragment.h"
42 #include "conf-parser.h"
43 #include "bus-errors.h"
51 #include "path-util.h"
52 #include "switch-root.h"
53 #include "capability.h"
56 #include "mount-setup.h"
57 #include "loopback-setup.h"
58 #include "kmod-setup.h"
59 #include "hostname-setup.h"
60 #include "machine-id-setup.h"
61 #include "locale-setup.h"
63 #include "selinux-setup.h"
64 #include "ima-setup.h"
65 #include "sd-daemon.h"
72 ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
74 } arg_action = ACTION_RUN;
76 static char *arg_default_unit = NULL;
77 static SystemdRunningAs arg_running_as = _SYSTEMD_RUNNING_AS_INVALID;
79 static bool arg_dump_core = true;
80 static bool arg_crash_shell = false;
81 static int arg_crash_chvt = -1;
82 static bool arg_confirm_spawn = false;
83 static bool arg_show_status = true;
84 static bool arg_switched_root = false;
85 static char **arg_default_controllers = NULL;
86 static char ***arg_join_controllers = NULL;
87 static ExecOutput arg_default_std_output = EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL;
88 static ExecOutput arg_default_std_error = EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
89 static usec_t arg_runtime_watchdog = 0;
90 static usec_t arg_shutdown_watchdog = 10 * USEC_PER_MINUTE;
91 static struct rlimit *arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NLIMITS] = {};
92 static uint64_t arg_capability_bounding_set_drop = 0;
93 static nsec_t arg_timer_slack_nsec = (nsec_t) -1;
95 static FILE* serialization = NULL;
97 static void nop_handler(int sig) {
100 _noreturn_ static void crash(int sig) {
103 log_error("Caught <%s>, not dumping core.", signal_to_string(sig));
108 /* We want to wait for the core process, hence let's enable SIGCHLD */
110 sa.sa_handler = nop_handler;
111 sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_RESTART;
112 assert_se(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == 0);
114 if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
115 log_error("Caught <%s>, cannot fork for core dump: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(errno));
120 /* Enable default signal handler for core dump */
122 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
123 assert_se(sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) == 0);
125 /* Don't limit the core dump size */
127 rl.rlim_cur = RLIM_INFINITY;
128 rl.rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
129 setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rl);
131 /* Just to be sure... */
132 assert_se(chdir("/") == 0);
134 /* Raise the signal again */
137 assert_not_reached("We shouldn't be here...");
144 /* Order things nicely. */
145 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0)
146 log_error("Caught <%s>, waitpid() failed: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(-r));
147 else if (status.si_code != CLD_DUMPED)
148 log_error("Caught <%s>, core dump failed.", signal_to_string(sig));
150 log_error("Caught <%s>, dumped core as pid %lu.", signal_to_string(sig), (unsigned long) pid);
155 chvt(arg_crash_chvt);
157 if (arg_crash_shell) {
161 log_info("Executing crash shell in 10s...");
164 /* Let the kernel reap children for us */
166 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
167 sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_NOCLDWAIT|SA_RESTART;
168 assert_se(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == 0);
172 log_error("Failed to fork off crash shell: %m");
174 make_console_stdio();
175 execl("/bin/sh", "/bin/sh", NULL);
177 log_error("execl() failed: %m");
181 log_info("Successfully spawned crash shell as pid %lu.", (unsigned long) pid);
184 log_info("Freezing execution.");
188 static void install_crash_handler(void) {
193 sa.sa_handler = crash;
194 sa.sa_flags = SA_NODEFER;
196 sigaction_many(&sa, SIGNALS_CRASH_HANDLER, -1);
199 static int console_setup(bool do_reset) {
202 /* If we are init, we connect stdin/stdout/stderr to /dev/null
203 * and make sure we don't have a controlling tty. */
210 tty_fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
212 log_error("Failed to open /dev/console: %s", strerror(-tty_fd));
216 /* We don't want to force text mode.
217 * plymouth may be showing pictures already from initrd. */
218 r = reset_terminal_fd(tty_fd, false);
220 log_error("Failed to reset /dev/console: %s", strerror(-r));
222 close_nointr_nofail(tty_fd);
226 static int set_default_unit(const char *u) {
235 free(arg_default_unit);
236 arg_default_unit = c;
241 static int parse_proc_cmdline_word(const char *word) {
243 static const char * const rlmap[] = {
244 "emergency", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
245 "-b", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
246 "single", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
247 "-s", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
248 "s", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
249 "S", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
250 "1", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
251 "2", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL2_TARGET,
252 "3", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL3_TARGET,
253 "4", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL4_TARGET,
254 "5", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL5_TARGET,
259 if (startswith(word, "systemd.unit=")) {
262 return set_default_unit(word + 13);
264 } else if (startswith(word, "rd.systemd.unit=")) {
267 return set_default_unit(word + 16);
269 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_target=")) {
271 if (log_set_target_from_string(word + 19) < 0)
272 log_warning("Failed to parse log target %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
274 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_level=")) {
276 if (log_set_max_level_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
277 log_warning("Failed to parse log level %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
279 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_color=")) {
281 if (log_show_color_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
282 log_warning("Failed to parse log color setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
284 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_location=")) {
286 if (log_show_location_from_string(word + 21) < 0)
287 log_warning("Failed to parse log location setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 21);
289 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.dump_core=")) {
292 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 18)) < 0)
293 log_warning("Failed to parse dump core switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
297 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_shell=")) {
300 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
301 log_warning("Failed to parse crash shell switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
305 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.confirm_spawn=")) {
308 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 22)) < 0)
309 log_warning("Failed to parse confirm spawn switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 22);
311 arg_confirm_spawn = r;
313 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_chvt=")) {
316 if (safe_atoi(word + 19, &k) < 0)
317 log_warning("Failed to parse crash chvt switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
321 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.show_status=")) {
324 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
325 log_warning("Failed to parse show status switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
328 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_output=")) {
331 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 32)) < 0)
332 log_warning("Failed to parse default standard output switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 32);
334 arg_default_std_output = r;
335 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_error=")) {
338 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 31)) < 0)
339 log_warning("Failed to parse default standard error switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 31);
341 arg_default_std_error = r;
342 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.setenv=")) {
346 cenv = strdup(word + 15);
350 eq = strchr(cenv, '=');
354 log_warning("unsetenv failed %m. Ignoring.");
357 r = setenv(cenv, eq + 1, 1);
359 log_warning("setenv failed %m. Ignoring.");
363 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.") ||
364 (in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd.systemd."))) {
366 log_warning("Unknown kernel switch %s. Ignoring.", word);
368 log_info("Supported kernel switches:\n"
369 "systemd.unit=UNIT Default unit to start\n"
370 "rd.systemd.unit=UNIT Default unit to start when run in initrd\n"
371 "systemd.dump_core=0|1 Dump core on crash\n"
372 "systemd.crash_shell=0|1 Run shell on crash\n"
373 "systemd.crash_chvt=N Change to VT #N on crash\n"
374 "systemd.confirm_spawn=0|1 Confirm every process spawn\n"
375 "systemd.show_status=0|1 Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
376 "systemd.log_target=console|kmsg|journal|journal-or-kmsg|syslog|syslog-or-kmsg|null\n"
378 "systemd.log_level=LEVEL Log level\n"
379 "systemd.log_color=0|1 Highlight important log messages\n"
380 "systemd.log_location=0|1 Include code location in log messages\n"
381 "systemd.default_standard_output=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
382 " Set default log output for services\n"
383 "systemd.default_standard_error=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
384 " Set default log error output for services\n"
385 "systemd.setenv=ASSIGNMENT Set an environment variable for all spawned processes\n");
387 } else if (streq(word, "quiet"))
388 arg_show_status = false;
389 else if (!in_initrd()) {
392 /* SysV compatibility */
393 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(rlmap); i += 2)
394 if (streq(word, rlmap[i]))
395 return set_default_unit(rlmap[i+1]);
401 static int config_parse_level2(
402 const char *filename,
415 log_set_max_level_from_string(rvalue);
419 static int config_parse_target(
420 const char *filename,
433 log_set_target_from_string(rvalue);
437 static int config_parse_color(
438 const char *filename,
451 log_show_color_from_string(rvalue);
455 static int config_parse_location(
456 const char *filename,
469 log_show_location_from_string(rvalue);
473 static int config_parse_cpu_affinity2(
474 const char *filename,
493 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, rvalue, state) {
498 if (!(t = strndup(w, l)))
501 r = safe_atou(t, &cpu);
505 if (!(c = cpu_set_malloc(&ncpus)))
508 if (r < 0 || cpu >= ncpus) {
509 log_error("[%s:%u] Failed to parse CPU affinity: %s", filename, line, rvalue);
514 CPU_SET_S(cpu, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c);
518 if (sched_setaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c) < 0)
519 log_warning("Failed to set CPU affinity: %m");
527 static void strv_free_free(char ***l) {
539 static void free_join_controllers(void) {
540 if (!arg_join_controllers)
543 strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
544 arg_join_controllers = NULL;
547 static int config_parse_join_controllers(
548 const char *filename,
565 free_join_controllers();
567 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, length, rvalue, state) {
570 s = strndup(w, length);
574 l = strv_split(s, ",");
579 if (strv_length(l) <= 1) {
584 if (!arg_join_controllers) {
585 arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 2);
586 if (!arg_join_controllers) {
591 arg_join_controllers[0] = l;
592 arg_join_controllers[1] = NULL;
599 t = new0(char**, n+2);
607 for (a = arg_join_controllers; *a; a++) {
609 if (strv_overlap(*a, l)) {
612 c = strv_merge(*a, l);
635 t[n++] = strv_uniq(l);
637 strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
638 arg_join_controllers = t;
645 static int parse_config_file(void) {
647 const ConfigTableItem items[] = {
648 { "Manager", "LogLevel", config_parse_level2, 0, NULL },
649 { "Manager", "LogTarget", config_parse_target, 0, NULL },
650 { "Manager", "LogColor", config_parse_color, 0, NULL },
651 { "Manager", "LogLocation", config_parse_location, 0, NULL },
652 { "Manager", "DumpCore", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_dump_core },
653 { "Manager", "CrashShell", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_crash_shell },
654 { "Manager", "ShowStatus", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_show_status },
655 { "Manager", "CrashChVT", config_parse_int, 0, &arg_crash_chvt },
656 { "Manager", "CPUAffinity", config_parse_cpu_affinity2, 0, NULL },
657 { "Manager", "DefaultControllers", config_parse_strv, 0, &arg_default_controllers },
658 { "Manager", "DefaultStandardOutput", config_parse_output, 0, &arg_default_std_output },
659 { "Manager", "DefaultStandardError", config_parse_output, 0, &arg_default_std_error },
660 { "Manager", "JoinControllers", config_parse_join_controllers, 0, &arg_join_controllers },
661 { "Manager", "RuntimeWatchdogSec", config_parse_usec, 0, &arg_runtime_watchdog },
662 { "Manager", "ShutdownWatchdogSec", config_parse_usec, 0, &arg_shutdown_watchdog },
663 { "Manager", "CapabilityBoundingSet", config_parse_bounding_set, 0, &arg_capability_bounding_set_drop },
664 { "Manager", "TimerSlackNSec", config_parse_nsec, 0, &arg_timer_slack_nsec },
665 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCPU", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_CPU]},
666 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitFSIZE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_FSIZE]},
667 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitDATA", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA]},
668 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSTACK", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK]},
669 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCORE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_CORE]},
670 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRSS", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS]},
671 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNOFILE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE]},
672 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitAS", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_AS]},
673 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNPROC", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC]},
674 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMEMLOCK", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK]},
675 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitLOCKS", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_LOCKS]},
676 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSIGPENDING",config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_SIGPENDING]},
677 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMSGQUEUE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE]},
678 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNICE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NICE]},
679 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTPRIO", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RTPRIO]},
680 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTTIME", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RTTIME]},
681 { NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL }
688 fn = arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM ? SYSTEM_CONFIG_FILE : USER_CONFIG_FILE;
694 log_warning("Failed to open configuration file '%s': %m", fn);
698 r = config_parse(fn, f, "Manager\0", config_item_table_lookup, (void*) items, false, NULL);
700 log_warning("Failed to parse configuration file: %s", strerror(-r));
707 static int parse_proc_cmdline(void) {
708 char *line, *w, *state;
712 /* Don't read /proc/cmdline if we are in a container, since
713 * that is only relevant for the host system */
714 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
717 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", &line)) < 0) {
718 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
722 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
725 if (!(word = strndup(w, l))) {
730 r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(word);
732 log_error("Failed on cmdline argument %s: %s", word, strerror(-r));
747 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
750 ARG_LOG_LEVEL = 0x100,
759 ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
767 ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT,
768 ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR
771 static const struct option options[] = {
772 { "log-level", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LEVEL },
773 { "log-target", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_TARGET },
774 { "log-color", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_COLOR },
775 { "log-location", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LOCATION },
776 { "unit", required_argument, NULL, ARG_UNIT },
777 { "system", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SYSTEM },
778 { "user", no_argument, NULL, ARG_USER },
779 { "test", no_argument, NULL, ARG_TEST },
780 { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
781 { "version", no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERSION },
782 { "dump-configuration-items", no_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS },
783 { "dump-core", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CORE },
784 { "crash-shell", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CRASH_SHELL },
785 { "confirm-spawn", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN },
786 { "show-status", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_SHOW_STATUS },
787 { "deserialize", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DESERIALIZE },
788 { "switched-root", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT },
789 { "introspect", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_INTROSPECT },
790 { "default-standard-output", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT, },
791 { "default-standard-error", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR, },
803 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hDbsz:", options, NULL)) >= 0)
808 if ((r = log_set_max_level_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
809 log_error("Failed to parse log level %s.", optarg);
817 if ((r = log_set_target_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
818 log_error("Failed to parse log target %s.", optarg);
827 if ((r = log_show_color_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
828 log_error("Failed to parse log color setting %s.", optarg);
832 log_show_color(true);
836 case ARG_LOG_LOCATION:
839 if ((r = log_show_location_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
840 log_error("Failed to parse log location setting %s.", optarg);
844 log_show_location(true);
848 case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT:
850 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
851 log_error("Failed to parse default standard output setting %s.", optarg);
854 arg_default_std_output = r;
857 case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR:
859 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
860 log_error("Failed to parse default standard error output setting %s.", optarg);
863 arg_default_std_error = r;
868 if ((r = set_default_unit(optarg)) < 0) {
869 log_error("Failed to set default unit %s: %s", optarg, strerror(-r));
876 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_SYSTEM;
880 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_USER;
884 arg_action = ACTION_TEST;
888 arg_action = ACTION_VERSION;
891 case ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS:
892 arg_action = ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS;
896 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
898 log_error("Failed to parse dump core boolean %s.", optarg);
904 case ARG_CRASH_SHELL:
905 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
907 log_error("Failed to parse crash shell boolean %s.", optarg);
913 case ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN:
914 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
916 log_error("Failed to parse confirm spawn boolean %s.", optarg);
919 arg_confirm_spawn = r;
922 case ARG_SHOW_STATUS:
923 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
925 log_error("Failed to parse show status boolean %s.", optarg);
931 case ARG_DESERIALIZE: {
935 if ((r = safe_atoi(optarg, &fd)) < 0 || fd < 0) {
936 log_error("Failed to parse deserialize option %s.", optarg);
940 if (!(f = fdopen(fd, "r"))) {
941 log_error("Failed to open serialization fd: %m");
946 fclose(serialization);
953 case ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT:
954 arg_switched_root = true;
957 case ARG_INTROSPECT: {
958 const char * const * i = NULL;
960 for (i = bus_interface_table; *i; i += 2)
961 if (!optarg || streq(i[0], optarg)) {
962 fputs(DBUS_INTROSPECT_1_0_XML_DOCTYPE_DECL_NODE
965 fputs("</node>\n", stdout);
972 log_error("Unknown interface %s.", optarg);
974 arg_action = ACTION_DONE;
979 arg_action = ACTION_HELP;
983 log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
989 /* Just to eat away the sysvinit kernel
990 * cmdline args without getopt() error
991 * messages that we'll parse in
992 * parse_proc_cmdline_word() or ignore. */
997 log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
1004 if (optind < argc && getpid() != 1) {
1005 /* Hmm, when we aren't run as init system
1006 * let's complain about excess arguments */
1008 log_error("Excess arguments.");
1012 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
1015 /* All /proc/cmdline arguments the kernel didn't
1016 * understand it passed to us. We're not really
1017 * interested in that usually since /proc/cmdline is
1018 * more interesting and complete. With one exception:
1019 * if we are run in a container /proc/cmdline is not
1020 * relevant for the container, hence we rely on argv[]
1023 for (a = argv; a < argv + argc; a++)
1024 if ((r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(*a)) < 0) {
1025 log_error("Failed on cmdline argument %s: %s", *a, strerror(-r));
1033 static int help(void) {
1035 printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
1036 "Starts up and maintains the system or user services.\n\n"
1037 " -h --help Show this help\n"
1038 " --test Determine startup sequence, dump it and exit\n"
1039 " --dump-configuration-items Dump understood unit configuration items\n"
1040 " --introspect[=INTERFACE] Extract D-Bus interface data\n"
1041 " --unit=UNIT Set default unit\n"
1042 " --system Run a system instance, even if PID != 1\n"
1043 " --user Run a user instance\n"
1044 " --dump-core[=0|1] Dump core on crash\n"
1045 " --crash-shell[=0|1] Run shell on crash\n"
1046 " --confirm-spawn[=0|1] Ask for confirmation when spawning processes\n"
1047 " --show-status[=0|1] Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
1048 " --log-target=TARGET Set log target (console, journal, syslog, kmsg, journal-or-kmsg, syslog-or-kmsg, null)\n"
1049 " --log-level=LEVEL Set log level (debug, info, notice, warning, err, crit, alert, emerg)\n"
1050 " --log-color[=0|1] Highlight important log messages\n"
1051 " --log-location[=0|1] Include code location in log messages\n"
1052 " --default-standard-output= Set default standard output for services\n"
1053 " --default-standard-error= Set default standard error output for services\n",
1054 program_invocation_short_name);
1059 static int version(void) {
1060 puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
1062 puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
1067 static int prepare_reexecute(Manager *m, FILE **_f, FDSet **_fds, bool serialize_jobs) {
1076 /* Make sure nothing is really destructed when we shut down */
1079 r = manager_open_serialization(m, &f);
1081 log_error("Failed to create serialization file: %s", strerror(-r));
1088 log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r));
1092 r = manager_serialize(m, f, fds, serialize_jobs);
1094 log_error("Failed to serialize state: %s", strerror(-r));
1098 if (fseeko(f, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
1099 log_error("Failed to rewind serialization fd: %m");
1103 r = fd_cloexec(fileno(f), false);
1105 log_error("Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization: %s", strerror(-r));
1109 r = fdset_cloexec(fds, false);
1111 log_error("Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization fds: %s", strerror(-r));
1129 static int bump_rlimit_nofile(struct rlimit *saved_rlimit) {
1133 assert(saved_rlimit);
1135 /* Save the original RLIMIT_NOFILE so that we can reset it
1136 * later when transitioning from the initrd to the main
1137 * systemd or suchlike. */
1138 if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, saved_rlimit) < 0) {
1139 log_error("Reading RLIMIT_NOFILE failed: %m");
1143 /* Make sure forked processes get the default kernel setting */
1144 if (!arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE]) {
1147 rl = newdup(struct rlimit, saved_rlimit, 1);
1151 arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE] = rl;
1154 /* Bump up the resource limit for ourselves substantially */
1155 nl.rlim_cur = nl.rlim_max = 64*1024;
1156 r = setrlimit_closest(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &nl);
1158 log_error("Setting RLIMIT_NOFILE failed: %s", strerror(-r));
1165 static struct dual_timestamp* parse_initrd_timestamp(struct dual_timestamp *t) {
1167 unsigned long long a, b;
1171 e = getenv("RD_TIMESTAMP");
1175 if (sscanf(e, "%llu %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
1178 t->realtime = (usec_t) a;
1179 t->monotonic = (usec_t) b;
1184 static void test_mtab(void) {
1187 /* Check that /etc/mtab is a symlink */
1189 if (readlink_malloc("/etc/mtab", &p) >= 0) {
1192 b = streq(p, "/proc/self/mounts") || streq(p, "/proc/mounts");
1199 log_warning("/etc/mtab is not a symlink or not pointing to /proc/self/mounts. "
1200 "This is not supported anymore. "
1201 "Please make sure to replace this file by a symlink to avoid incorrect or misleading mount(8) output.");
1204 static void test_usr(void) {
1206 /* Check that /usr is not a separate fs */
1208 if (dir_is_empty("/usr") <= 0)
1211 log_warning("/usr appears to be on its own filesytem and is not already mounted. This is not a supported setup. "
1212 "Some things will probably break (sometimes even silently) in mysterious ways. "
1213 "Consult http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/separate-usr-is-broken for more information.");
1216 static void test_cgroups(void) {
1218 if (access("/proc/cgroups", F_OK) >= 0)
1221 log_warning("CONFIG_CGROUPS was not set when your kernel was compiled. "
1222 "Systems without control groups are not supported. "
1223 "We will now sleep for 10s, and then continue boot-up. "
1224 "Expect breakage and please do not file bugs. "
1225 "Instead fix your kernel and enable CONFIG_CGROUPS. "
1226 "Consult http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/cgroups-vs-cgroups.html for more information.");
1231 static int initialize_join_controllers(void) {
1232 /* By default, mount "cpu" + "cpuacct" together, and "net_cls"
1233 * + "net_prio". We'd like to add "cpuset" to the mix, but
1234 * "cpuset" does't really work for groups with no initialized
1237 arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 3);
1238 if (!arg_join_controllers)
1241 arg_join_controllers[0] = strv_new("cpu", "cpuacct", NULL);
1242 if (!arg_join_controllers[0])
1245 arg_join_controllers[1] = strv_new("net_cls", "net_prio", NULL);
1246 if (!arg_join_controllers[1])
1249 arg_join_controllers[2] = NULL;
1253 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1255 int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
1256 usec_t before_startup, after_startup;
1257 char timespan[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
1259 bool reexecute = false;
1260 const char *shutdown_verb = NULL;
1261 dual_timestamp initrd_timestamp = { 0ULL, 0ULL };
1262 static char systemd[] = "systemd";
1263 bool skip_setup = false;
1265 bool loaded_policy = false;
1266 bool arm_reboot_watchdog = false;
1267 bool queue_default_job = false;
1268 char *switch_root_dir = NULL, *switch_root_init = NULL;
1269 static struct rlimit saved_rlimit_nofile = { 0, 0 };
1271 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1272 if (getpid() != 1 && strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) {
1273 /* This is compatibility support for SysV, where
1274 * calling init as a user is identical to telinit. */
1277 execv(SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH, argv);
1278 log_error("Failed to exec " SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH ": %m");
1283 /* Determine if this is a reexecution or normal bootup. We do
1284 * the full command line parsing much later, so let's just
1285 * have a quick peek here. */
1286 for (j = 1; j < argc; j++)
1287 if (streq(argv[j], "--deserialize")) {
1292 /* If we have switched root, do all the special setup
1294 for (j = 1; j < argc; j++)
1295 if (streq(argv[j], "--switched-root")) {
1300 /* If we get started via the /sbin/init symlink then we are
1301 called 'init'. After a subsequent reexecution we are then
1302 called 'systemd'. That is confusing, hence let's call us
1303 systemd right-away. */
1304 program_invocation_short_name = systemd;
1305 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, systemd);
1310 log_show_color(isatty(STDERR_FILENO) > 0);
1312 if (getpid() == 1 && detect_container(NULL) <= 0) {
1314 /* Running outside of a container as PID 1 */
1315 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_SYSTEM;
1317 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_KMSG);
1321 char *rd_timestamp = NULL;
1323 dual_timestamp_get(&initrd_timestamp);
1324 asprintf(&rd_timestamp, "%llu %llu",
1325 (unsigned long long) initrd_timestamp.realtime,
1326 (unsigned long long) initrd_timestamp.monotonic);
1328 setenv("RD_TIMESTAMP", rd_timestamp, 1);
1334 if (selinux_setup(&loaded_policy) < 0)
1336 if (ima_setup() < 0)
1340 if (label_init(NULL) < 0)
1344 if (hwclock_is_localtime() > 0) {
1347 /* The first-time call to settimeofday() does a time warp in the kernel */
1348 r = hwclock_set_timezone(&min);
1350 log_error("Failed to apply local time delta, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1352 log_info("RTC configured in localtime, applying delta of %i minutes to system time.", min);
1354 /* Do dummy first-time call to seal the kernel's time warp magic */
1355 hwclock_reset_timezone();
1357 /* Tell the kernel our time zone */
1358 r = hwclock_set_timezone(NULL);
1360 log_error("Failed to set the kernel's time zone, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1364 /* Set the default for later on, but don't actually
1365 * open the logs like this for now. Note that if we
1366 * are transitioning from the initrd there might still
1367 * be journal fd open, and we shouldn't attempt
1368 * opening that before we parsed /proc/cmdline which
1369 * might redirect output elsewhere. */
1370 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG);
1372 } else if (getpid() == 1) {
1374 /* Running inside a container, as PID 1 */
1375 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_SYSTEM;
1376 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE);
1379 /* For the later on, see above... */
1380 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL);
1384 /* Running as user instance */
1385 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_USER;
1386 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO);
1390 /* Initialize default unit */
1391 r = set_default_unit(SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET);
1393 log_error("Failed to set default unit %s: %s", SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET, strerror(-r));
1397 r = initialize_join_controllers();
1401 /* Mount /proc, /sys and friends, so that /proc/cmdline and
1402 * /proc/$PID/fd is available. */
1403 if (geteuid() == 0 && !getenv("SYSTEMD_SKIP_API_MOUNTS")) {
1404 r = mount_setup(loaded_policy);
1409 /* Reset all signal handlers. */
1410 assert_se(reset_all_signal_handlers() == 0);
1412 /* If we are init, we can block sigkill. Yay. */
1413 ignore_signals(SIGNALS_IGNORE, -1);
1415 if (parse_config_file() < 0)
1418 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
1419 if (parse_proc_cmdline() < 0)
1422 log_parse_environment();
1424 if (parse_argv(argc, argv) < 0)
1427 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST &&
1429 log_error("Don't run test mode as root.");
1433 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_USER &&
1434 arg_action == ACTION_RUN &&
1436 log_error("Trying to run as user instance, but the system has not been booted with systemd.");
1440 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM &&
1441 arg_action == ACTION_RUN &&
1442 running_in_chroot() > 0) {
1443 log_error("Cannot be run in a chroot() environment.");
1447 if (arg_action == ACTION_HELP) {
1450 } else if (arg_action == ACTION_VERSION) {
1453 } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS) {
1454 unit_dump_config_items(stdout);
1455 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1457 } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DONE) {
1458 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1462 assert_se(arg_action == ACTION_RUN || arg_action == ACTION_TEST);
1464 /* Close logging fds, in order not to confuse fdset below */
1467 /* Remember open file descriptors for later deserialization */
1468 if (serialization) {
1469 r = fdset_new_fill(&fds);
1471 log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r));
1475 assert_se(fdset_remove(fds, fileno(serialization)) >= 0);
1477 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
1479 /* Set up PATH unless it is already set */
1481 #ifdef HAVE_SPLIT_USR
1482 "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
1484 "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin",
1486 arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM);
1488 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) {
1489 /* Parse the data passed to us. We leave this
1490 * variables set, but the manager later on will not
1491 * pass them on to our children. */
1493 parse_initrd_timestamp(&initrd_timestamp);
1495 /* Unset some environment variables passed in from the
1496 * kernel that don't really make sense for us. */
1500 /* When we are invoked by a shell, these might be set,
1501 * but make little sense to pass on */
1506 /* When we are invoked by a chroot-like tool such as
1507 * nspawn, these might be set, but make little sense
1510 unsetenv("LOGNAME");
1512 /* All other variables are left as is, so that clients
1513 * can still read them via /proc/1/environ */
1516 /* Move out of the way, so that we won't block unmounts */
1517 assert_se(chdir("/") == 0);
1519 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) {
1520 /* Become a session leader if we aren't one yet. */
1523 /* Disable the umask logic */
1527 /* Make sure D-Bus doesn't fiddle with the SIGPIPE handlers */
1528 dbus_connection_set_change_sigpipe(FALSE);
1530 /* Reset the console, but only if this is really init and we
1531 * are freshly booted */
1532 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && arg_action == ACTION_RUN)
1533 console_setup(getpid() == 1 && !skip_setup);
1535 /* Open the logging devices, if possible and necessary */
1538 /* Make sure we leave a core dump without panicing the
1541 install_crash_handler();
1543 if (geteuid() == 0 && !getenv("SYSTEMD_SKIP_API_MOUNTS")) {
1544 r = mount_cgroup_controllers(arg_join_controllers);
1549 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) {
1550 const char *virtualization = NULL;
1552 log_info(PACKAGE_STRING " running in system mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES "; " DISTRIBUTION ")");
1554 detect_virtualization(&virtualization);
1556 log_info("Detected virtualization '%s'.", virtualization);
1559 log_info("Running in initial RAM disk.");
1562 log_debug(PACKAGE_STRING " running in user mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES "; " DISTRIBUTION ")");
1564 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && !skip_setup) {
1567 if (arg_show_status || plymouth_running())
1580 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && arg_runtime_watchdog > 0)
1581 watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_runtime_watchdog);
1583 if (arg_timer_slack_nsec != (nsec_t) -1)
1584 if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, arg_timer_slack_nsec) < 0)
1585 log_error("Failed to adjust timer slack: %m");
1587 if (arg_capability_bounding_set_drop) {
1588 r = capability_bounding_set_drop(arg_capability_bounding_set_drop, true);
1590 log_error("Failed to drop capability bounding set: %s", strerror(-r));
1593 r = capability_bounding_set_drop_usermode(arg_capability_bounding_set_drop);
1595 log_error("Failed to drop capability bounding set of usermode helpers: %s", strerror(-r));
1600 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_USER) {
1601 /* Become reaper of our children */
1602 if (prctl(PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER, 1) < 0) {
1603 log_warning("Failed to make us a subreaper: %m");
1604 if (errno == EINVAL)
1605 log_info("Perhaps the kernel version is too old (< 3.4?)");
1609 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
1610 bump_rlimit_nofile(&saved_rlimit_nofile);
1612 r = manager_new(arg_running_as, &m);
1614 log_error("Failed to allocate manager object: %s", strerror(-r));
1618 m->confirm_spawn = arg_confirm_spawn;
1619 m->default_std_output = arg_default_std_output;
1620 m->default_std_error = arg_default_std_error;
1621 m->runtime_watchdog = arg_runtime_watchdog;
1622 m->shutdown_watchdog = arg_shutdown_watchdog;
1624 manager_set_default_rlimits(m, arg_default_rlimit);
1626 if (dual_timestamp_is_set(&initrd_timestamp))
1627 m->initrd_timestamp = initrd_timestamp;
1629 if (arg_default_controllers)
1630 manager_set_default_controllers(m, arg_default_controllers);
1632 manager_set_show_status(m, arg_show_status);
1634 /* Remember whether we should queue the default job */
1635 queue_default_job = !serialization || arg_switched_root;
1637 before_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1639 r = manager_startup(m, serialization, fds);
1641 log_error("Failed to fully start up daemon: %s", strerror(-r));
1643 /* This will close all file descriptors that were opened, but
1644 * not claimed by any unit. */
1650 if (serialization) {
1651 fclose(serialization);
1652 serialization = NULL;
1655 if (queue_default_job) {
1657 Unit *target = NULL;
1658 Job *default_unit_job;
1660 dbus_error_init(&error);
1662 log_debug("Activating default unit: %s", arg_default_unit);
1664 r = manager_load_unit(m, arg_default_unit, NULL, &error, &target);
1666 log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1667 dbus_error_free(&error);
1668 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR)
1669 log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", strerror(-target->load_error));
1670 else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED)
1671 log_error("Default target masked.");
1673 if (!target || target->load_state != UNIT_LOADED) {
1674 log_info("Trying to load rescue target...");
1676 r = manager_load_unit(m, SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, NULL, &error, &target);
1678 log_error("Failed to load rescue target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1679 dbus_error_free(&error);
1681 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR) {
1682 log_error("Failed to load rescue target: %s", strerror(-target->load_error));
1684 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED) {
1685 log_error("Rescue target masked.");
1690 assert(target->load_state == UNIT_LOADED);
1692 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
1693 printf("-> By units:\n");
1694 manager_dump_units(m, stdout, "\t");
1697 r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_REPLACE, false, &error, &default_unit_job);
1699 log_error("Failed to start default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1700 dbus_error_free(&error);
1703 m->default_unit_job_id = default_unit_job->id;
1705 after_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1706 log_full(arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? LOG_INFO : LOG_DEBUG,
1707 "Loaded units and determined initial transaction in %s.",
1708 format_timespan(timespan, sizeof(timespan), after_startup - before_startup));
1710 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
1711 printf("-> By jobs:\n");
1712 manager_dump_jobs(m, stdout, "\t");
1713 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1719 r = manager_loop(m);
1721 log_error("Failed to run mainloop: %s", strerror(-r));
1725 switch (m->exit_code) {
1728 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1732 case MANAGER_RELOAD:
1733 log_info("Reloading.");
1734 r = manager_reload(m);
1736 log_error("Failed to reload: %s", strerror(-r));
1739 case MANAGER_REEXECUTE:
1741 if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds, true) < 0)
1745 log_notice("Reexecuting.");
1748 case MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT:
1749 /* Steal the switch root parameters */
1750 switch_root_dir = m->switch_root;
1751 switch_root_init = m->switch_root_init;
1752 m->switch_root = m->switch_root_init = NULL;
1754 if (!switch_root_init)
1755 if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds, false) < 0)
1759 log_notice("Switching root.");
1762 case MANAGER_REBOOT:
1763 case MANAGER_POWEROFF:
1765 case MANAGER_KEXEC: {
1766 static const char * const table[_MANAGER_EXIT_CODE_MAX] = {
1767 [MANAGER_REBOOT] = "reboot",
1768 [MANAGER_POWEROFF] = "poweroff",
1769 [MANAGER_HALT] = "halt",
1770 [MANAGER_KEXEC] = "kexec"
1773 assert_se(shutdown_verb = table[m->exit_code]);
1774 arm_reboot_watchdog = m->exit_code == MANAGER_REBOOT;
1776 log_notice("Shutting down.");
1781 assert_not_reached("Unknown exit code.");
1789 for (j = 0; j < RLIMIT_NLIMITS; j++)
1790 free(arg_default_rlimit[j]);
1792 free(arg_default_unit);
1793 strv_free(arg_default_controllers);
1794 free_join_controllers();
1801 unsigned i, args_size;
1803 /* Close and disarm the watchdog, so that the new
1804 * instance can reinitialize it, but doesn't get
1805 * rebooted while we do that */
1806 watchdog_close(true);
1808 /* Reset the RLIMIT_NOFILE to the kernel default, so
1809 * that the new systemd can pass the kernel default to
1810 * its child processes */
1811 if (saved_rlimit_nofile.rlim_cur > 0)
1812 setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &saved_rlimit_nofile);
1814 if (switch_root_dir) {
1815 /* Kill all remaining processes from the
1816 * initrd, but don't wait for them, so that we
1817 * can handle the SIGCHLD for them after
1819 broadcast_signal(SIGTERM, false);
1821 /* And switch root */
1822 r = switch_root(switch_root_dir);
1824 log_error("Failed to switch root, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1827 args_size = MAX(6, argc+1);
1828 args = newa(const char*, args_size);
1830 if (!switch_root_init) {
1833 /* First try to spawn ourselves with the right
1834 * path, and with full serialization. We do
1835 * this only if the user didn't specify an
1836 * explicit init to spawn. */
1838 assert(serialization);
1841 snprintf(sfd, sizeof(sfd), "%i", fileno(serialization));
1845 args[i++] = SYSTEMD_BINARY_PATH;
1846 if (switch_root_dir)
1847 args[i++] = "--switched-root";
1848 args[i++] = arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM ? "--system" : "--user";
1849 args[i++] = "--deserialize";
1853 assert(i <= args_size);
1854 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1857 /* Try the fallback, if there is any, without any
1858 * serialization. We pass the original argv[] and
1859 * envp[]. (Well, modulo the ordering changes due to
1860 * getopt() in argv[], and some cleanups in envp[],
1861 * but let's hope that doesn't matter.) */
1863 if (serialization) {
1864 fclose(serialization);
1865 serialization = NULL;
1873 /* Reopen the console */
1874 make_console_stdio();
1876 for (j = 1, i = 1; j < argc; j++)
1877 args[i++] = argv[j];
1879 assert(i <= args_size);
1881 if (switch_root_init) {
1882 args[0] = switch_root_init;
1883 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1884 log_warning("Failed to execute configured init, trying fallback: %m");
1887 args[0] = "/sbin/init";
1888 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1890 if (errno == ENOENT) {
1891 log_warning("No /sbin/init, trying fallback");
1893 args[0] = "/bin/sh";
1895 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1896 log_error("Failed to execute /bin/sh, giving up: %m");
1898 log_warning("Failed to execute /sbin/init, giving up: %m");
1902 fclose(serialization);
1907 if (shutdown_verb) {
1908 const char * command_line[] = {
1909 SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH,
1915 if (arm_reboot_watchdog && arg_shutdown_watchdog > 0) {
1918 /* If we reboot let's set the shutdown
1919 * watchdog and tell the shutdown binary to
1920 * repeatedly ping it */
1921 watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_shutdown_watchdog);
1922 watchdog_close(false);
1924 /* Tell the binary how often to ping */
1925 snprintf(e, sizeof(e), "WATCHDOG_USEC=%llu", (unsigned long long) arg_shutdown_watchdog);
1928 env_block = strv_append(environ, e);
1930 env_block = strv_copy(environ);
1931 watchdog_close(true);
1934 execve(SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH, (char **) command_line, env_block);
1936 log_error("Failed to execute shutdown binary, freezing: %m");