1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
22 #include <dbus/dbus.h>
28 #include <sys/types.h>
34 #include <sys/prctl.h>
35 #include <sys/mount.h>
39 #include "load-fragment.h"
42 #include "conf-parser.h"
43 #include "bus-errors.h"
51 #include "path-util.h"
52 #include "switch-root.h"
53 #include "capability.h"
56 #include "mount-setup.h"
57 #include "loopback-setup.h"
58 #include "kmod-setup.h"
59 #include "hostname-setup.h"
60 #include "machine-id-setup.h"
61 #include "locale-setup.h"
63 #include "selinux-setup.h"
64 #include "ima-setup.h"
71 ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
73 } arg_action = ACTION_RUN;
75 static char *arg_default_unit = NULL;
76 static ManagerRunningAs arg_running_as = _MANAGER_RUNNING_AS_INVALID;
78 static bool arg_dump_core = true;
79 static bool arg_crash_shell = false;
80 static int arg_crash_chvt = -1;
81 static bool arg_confirm_spawn = false;
82 static bool arg_show_status = true;
83 static bool arg_switched_root = false;
84 static char **arg_default_controllers = NULL;
85 static char ***arg_join_controllers = NULL;
86 static ExecOutput arg_default_std_output = EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL;
87 static ExecOutput arg_default_std_error = EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
88 static usec_t arg_runtime_watchdog = 0;
89 static usec_t arg_shutdown_watchdog = 10 * USEC_PER_MINUTE;
90 static struct rlimit *arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NLIMITS] = {};
91 static uint64_t arg_capability_bounding_set_drop = 0;
92 static nsec_t arg_timer_slack_nsec = (nsec_t) -1;
94 static FILE* serialization = NULL;
96 static void nop_handler(int sig) {
99 _noreturn_ static void crash(int sig) {
102 log_error("Caught <%s>, not dumping core.", signal_to_string(sig));
107 /* We want to wait for the core process, hence let's enable SIGCHLD */
109 sa.sa_handler = nop_handler;
110 sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_RESTART;
111 assert_se(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == 0);
113 if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
114 log_error("Caught <%s>, cannot fork for core dump: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(errno));
119 /* Enable default signal handler for core dump */
121 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
122 assert_se(sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) == 0);
124 /* Don't limit the core dump size */
126 rl.rlim_cur = RLIM_INFINITY;
127 rl.rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
128 setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rl);
130 /* Just to be sure... */
131 assert_se(chdir("/") == 0);
133 /* Raise the signal again */
136 assert_not_reached("We shouldn't be here...");
143 /* Order things nicely. */
144 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0)
145 log_error("Caught <%s>, waitpid() failed: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(-r));
146 else if (status.si_code != CLD_DUMPED)
147 log_error("Caught <%s>, core dump failed.", signal_to_string(sig));
149 log_error("Caught <%s>, dumped core as pid %lu.", signal_to_string(sig), (unsigned long) pid);
154 chvt(arg_crash_chvt);
156 if (arg_crash_shell) {
160 log_info("Executing crash shell in 10s...");
163 /* Let the kernel reap children for us */
165 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
166 sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_NOCLDWAIT|SA_RESTART;
167 assert_se(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == 0);
171 log_error("Failed to fork off crash shell: %m");
173 make_console_stdio();
174 execl("/bin/sh", "/bin/sh", NULL);
176 log_error("execl() failed: %m");
180 log_info("Successfully spawned crash shell as pid %lu.", (unsigned long) pid);
183 log_info("Freezing execution.");
187 static void install_crash_handler(void) {
192 sa.sa_handler = crash;
193 sa.sa_flags = SA_NODEFER;
195 sigaction_many(&sa, SIGNALS_CRASH_HANDLER, -1);
198 static int console_setup(bool do_reset) {
201 /* If we are init, we connect stdin/stdout/stderr to /dev/null
202 * and make sure we don't have a controlling tty. */
209 tty_fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
211 log_error("Failed to open /dev/console: %s", strerror(-tty_fd));
215 /* We don't want to force text mode.
216 * plymouth may be showing pictures already from initrd. */
217 r = reset_terminal_fd(tty_fd, false);
219 log_error("Failed to reset /dev/console: %s", strerror(-r));
221 close_nointr_nofail(tty_fd);
225 static int set_default_unit(const char *u) {
234 free(arg_default_unit);
235 arg_default_unit = c;
240 static int parse_proc_cmdline_word(const char *word) {
242 static const char * const rlmap[] = {
243 "emergency", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
244 "-b", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
245 "single", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
246 "-s", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
247 "s", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
248 "S", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
249 "1", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
250 "2", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL2_TARGET,
251 "3", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL3_TARGET,
252 "4", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL4_TARGET,
253 "5", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL5_TARGET,
258 if (startswith(word, "systemd.unit=")) {
261 return set_default_unit(word + 13);
263 } else if (startswith(word, "rd.systemd.unit=")) {
266 return set_default_unit(word + 16);
268 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_target=")) {
270 if (log_set_target_from_string(word + 19) < 0)
271 log_warning("Failed to parse log target %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
273 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_level=")) {
275 if (log_set_max_level_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
276 log_warning("Failed to parse log level %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
278 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_color=")) {
280 if (log_show_color_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
281 log_warning("Failed to parse log color setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
283 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_location=")) {
285 if (log_show_location_from_string(word + 21) < 0)
286 log_warning("Failed to parse log location setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 21);
288 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.dump_core=")) {
291 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 18)) < 0)
292 log_warning("Failed to parse dump core switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
296 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_shell=")) {
299 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
300 log_warning("Failed to parse crash shell switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
304 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.confirm_spawn=")) {
307 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 22)) < 0)
308 log_warning("Failed to parse confirm spawn switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 22);
310 arg_confirm_spawn = r;
312 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_chvt=")) {
315 if (safe_atoi(word + 19, &k) < 0)
316 log_warning("Failed to parse crash chvt switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
320 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.show_status=")) {
323 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
324 log_warning("Failed to parse show status switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
327 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_output=")) {
330 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 32)) < 0)
331 log_warning("Failed to parse default standard output switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 32);
333 arg_default_std_output = r;
334 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_error=")) {
337 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 31)) < 0)
338 log_warning("Failed to parse default standard error switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 31);
340 arg_default_std_error = r;
341 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.setenv=")) {
345 cenv = strdup(word + 15);
349 eq = strchr(cenv, '=');
353 log_warning("unsetenv failed %m. Ignoring.");
356 r = setenv(cenv, eq + 1, 1);
358 log_warning("setenv failed %m. Ignoring.");
362 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.") ||
363 (in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd.systemd."))) {
365 log_warning("Unknown kernel switch %s. Ignoring.", word);
367 log_info("Supported kernel switches:\n"
368 "systemd.unit=UNIT Default unit to start\n"
369 "rd.systemd.unit=UNIT Default unit to start when run in initrd\n"
370 "systemd.dump_core=0|1 Dump core on crash\n"
371 "systemd.crash_shell=0|1 Run shell on crash\n"
372 "systemd.crash_chvt=N Change to VT #N on crash\n"
373 "systemd.confirm_spawn=0|1 Confirm every process spawn\n"
374 "systemd.show_status=0|1 Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
375 "systemd.log_target=console|kmsg|journal|journal-or-kmsg|syslog|syslog-or-kmsg|null\n"
377 "systemd.log_level=LEVEL Log level\n"
378 "systemd.log_color=0|1 Highlight important log messages\n"
379 "systemd.log_location=0|1 Include code location in log messages\n"
380 "systemd.default_standard_output=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
381 " Set default log output for services\n"
382 "systemd.default_standard_error=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
383 " Set default log error output for services\n"
384 "systemd.setenv=ASSIGNMENT Set an environment variable for all spawned processes\n");
386 } else if (streq(word, "quiet"))
387 arg_show_status = false;
388 else if (!in_initrd()) {
391 /* SysV compatibility */
392 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(rlmap); i += 2)
393 if (streq(word, rlmap[i]))
394 return set_default_unit(rlmap[i+1]);
400 static int config_parse_level2(
401 const char *filename,
414 log_set_max_level_from_string(rvalue);
418 static int config_parse_target(
419 const char *filename,
432 log_set_target_from_string(rvalue);
436 static int config_parse_color(
437 const char *filename,
450 log_show_color_from_string(rvalue);
454 static int config_parse_location(
455 const char *filename,
468 log_show_location_from_string(rvalue);
472 static int config_parse_cpu_affinity2(
473 const char *filename,
492 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, rvalue, state) {
497 if (!(t = strndup(w, l)))
500 r = safe_atou(t, &cpu);
504 if (!(c = cpu_set_malloc(&ncpus)))
507 if (r < 0 || cpu >= ncpus) {
508 log_error("[%s:%u] Failed to parse CPU affinity: %s", filename, line, rvalue);
513 CPU_SET_S(cpu, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c);
517 if (sched_setaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c) < 0)
518 log_warning("Failed to set CPU affinity: %m");
526 static void strv_free_free(char ***l) {
538 static void free_join_controllers(void) {
539 if (!arg_join_controllers)
542 strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
543 arg_join_controllers = NULL;
546 static int config_parse_join_controllers(
547 const char *filename,
564 free_join_controllers();
566 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, length, rvalue, state) {
569 s = strndup(w, length);
573 l = strv_split(s, ",");
578 if (strv_length(l) <= 1) {
583 if (!arg_join_controllers) {
584 arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 2);
585 if (!arg_join_controllers) {
590 arg_join_controllers[0] = l;
591 arg_join_controllers[1] = NULL;
598 t = new0(char**, n+2);
606 for (a = arg_join_controllers; *a; a++) {
608 if (strv_overlap(*a, l)) {
611 c = strv_merge(*a, l);
634 t[n++] = strv_uniq(l);
636 strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
637 arg_join_controllers = t;
644 static int parse_config_file(void) {
646 const ConfigTableItem items[] = {
647 { "Manager", "LogLevel", config_parse_level2, 0, NULL },
648 { "Manager", "LogTarget", config_parse_target, 0, NULL },
649 { "Manager", "LogColor", config_parse_color, 0, NULL },
650 { "Manager", "LogLocation", config_parse_location, 0, NULL },
651 { "Manager", "DumpCore", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_dump_core },
652 { "Manager", "CrashShell", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_crash_shell },
653 { "Manager", "ShowStatus", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_show_status },
654 { "Manager", "CrashChVT", config_parse_int, 0, &arg_crash_chvt },
655 { "Manager", "CPUAffinity", config_parse_cpu_affinity2, 0, NULL },
656 { "Manager", "DefaultControllers", config_parse_strv, 0, &arg_default_controllers },
657 { "Manager", "DefaultStandardOutput", config_parse_output, 0, &arg_default_std_output },
658 { "Manager", "DefaultStandardError", config_parse_output, 0, &arg_default_std_error },
659 { "Manager", "JoinControllers", config_parse_join_controllers, 0, &arg_join_controllers },
660 { "Manager", "RuntimeWatchdogSec", config_parse_usec, 0, &arg_runtime_watchdog },
661 { "Manager", "ShutdownWatchdogSec", config_parse_usec, 0, &arg_shutdown_watchdog },
662 { "Manager", "CapabilityBoundingSet", config_parse_bounding_set, 0, &arg_capability_bounding_set_drop },
663 { "Manager", "TimerSlackNSec", config_parse_nsec, 0, &arg_timer_slack_nsec },
664 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCPU", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_CPU]},
665 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitFSIZE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_FSIZE]},
666 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitDATA", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA]},
667 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSTACK", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK]},
668 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCORE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_CORE]},
669 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRSS", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS]},
670 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNOFILE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE]},
671 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitAS", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_AS]},
672 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNPROC", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC]},
673 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMEMLOCK", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK]},
674 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitLOCKS", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_LOCKS]},
675 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSIGPENDING",config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_SIGPENDING]},
676 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMSGQUEUE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE]},
677 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNICE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NICE]},
678 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTPRIO", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RTPRIO]},
679 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTTIME", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RTTIME]},
680 { NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL }
687 fn = arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM ? SYSTEM_CONFIG_FILE : USER_CONFIG_FILE;
693 log_warning("Failed to open configuration file '%s': %m", fn);
697 r = config_parse(fn, f, "Manager\0", config_item_table_lookup, (void*) items, false, NULL);
699 log_warning("Failed to parse configuration file: %s", strerror(-r));
706 static int parse_proc_cmdline(void) {
707 char *line, *w, *state;
711 /* Don't read /proc/cmdline if we are in a container, since
712 * that is only relevant for the host system */
713 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
716 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", &line)) < 0) {
717 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
721 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
724 if (!(word = strndup(w, l))) {
729 r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(word);
731 log_error("Failed on cmdline argument %s: %s", word, strerror(-r));
746 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
749 ARG_LOG_LEVEL = 0x100,
758 ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
766 ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT,
767 ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR
770 static const struct option options[] = {
771 { "log-level", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LEVEL },
772 { "log-target", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_TARGET },
773 { "log-color", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_COLOR },
774 { "log-location", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LOCATION },
775 { "unit", required_argument, NULL, ARG_UNIT },
776 { "system", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SYSTEM },
777 { "user", no_argument, NULL, ARG_USER },
778 { "test", no_argument, NULL, ARG_TEST },
779 { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
780 { "version", no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERSION },
781 { "dump-configuration-items", no_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS },
782 { "dump-core", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CORE },
783 { "crash-shell", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CRASH_SHELL },
784 { "confirm-spawn", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN },
785 { "show-status", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_SHOW_STATUS },
786 { "deserialize", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DESERIALIZE },
787 { "switched-root", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT },
788 { "introspect", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_INTROSPECT },
789 { "default-standard-output", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT, },
790 { "default-standard-error", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR, },
802 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hDbsz:", options, NULL)) >= 0)
807 if ((r = log_set_max_level_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
808 log_error("Failed to parse log level %s.", optarg);
816 if ((r = log_set_target_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
817 log_error("Failed to parse log target %s.", optarg);
826 if ((r = log_show_color_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
827 log_error("Failed to parse log color setting %s.", optarg);
831 log_show_color(true);
835 case ARG_LOG_LOCATION:
838 if ((r = log_show_location_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
839 log_error("Failed to parse log location setting %s.", optarg);
843 log_show_location(true);
847 case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT:
849 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
850 log_error("Failed to parse default standard output setting %s.", optarg);
853 arg_default_std_output = r;
856 case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR:
858 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
859 log_error("Failed to parse default standard error output setting %s.", optarg);
862 arg_default_std_error = r;
867 if ((r = set_default_unit(optarg)) < 0) {
868 log_error("Failed to set default unit %s: %s", optarg, strerror(-r));
875 arg_running_as = MANAGER_SYSTEM;
879 arg_running_as = MANAGER_USER;
883 arg_action = ACTION_TEST;
887 arg_action = ACTION_VERSION;
890 case ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS:
891 arg_action = ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS;
895 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
897 log_error("Failed to parse dump core boolean %s.", optarg);
903 case ARG_CRASH_SHELL:
904 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
906 log_error("Failed to parse crash shell boolean %s.", optarg);
912 case ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN:
913 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
915 log_error("Failed to parse confirm spawn boolean %s.", optarg);
918 arg_confirm_spawn = r;
921 case ARG_SHOW_STATUS:
922 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
924 log_error("Failed to parse show status boolean %s.", optarg);
930 case ARG_DESERIALIZE: {
934 if ((r = safe_atoi(optarg, &fd)) < 0 || fd < 0) {
935 log_error("Failed to parse deserialize option %s.", optarg);
939 if (!(f = fdopen(fd, "r"))) {
940 log_error("Failed to open serialization fd: %m");
945 fclose(serialization);
952 case ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT:
953 arg_switched_root = true;
956 case ARG_INTROSPECT: {
957 const char * const * i = NULL;
959 for (i = bus_interface_table; *i; i += 2)
960 if (!optarg || streq(i[0], optarg)) {
961 fputs(DBUS_INTROSPECT_1_0_XML_DOCTYPE_DECL_NODE
964 fputs("</node>\n", stdout);
971 log_error("Unknown interface %s.", optarg);
973 arg_action = ACTION_DONE;
978 arg_action = ACTION_HELP;
982 log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
988 /* Just to eat away the sysvinit kernel
989 * cmdline args without getopt() error
990 * messages that we'll parse in
991 * parse_proc_cmdline_word() or ignore. */
996 log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
1003 if (optind < argc && getpid() != 1) {
1004 /* Hmm, when we aren't run as init system
1005 * let's complain about excess arguments */
1007 log_error("Excess arguments.");
1011 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
1014 /* All /proc/cmdline arguments the kernel didn't
1015 * understand it passed to us. We're not really
1016 * interested in that usually since /proc/cmdline is
1017 * more interesting and complete. With one exception:
1018 * if we are run in a container /proc/cmdline is not
1019 * relevant for the container, hence we rely on argv[]
1022 for (a = argv; a < argv + argc; a++)
1023 if ((r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(*a)) < 0) {
1024 log_error("Failed on cmdline argument %s: %s", *a, strerror(-r));
1032 static int help(void) {
1034 printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
1035 "Starts up and maintains the system or user services.\n\n"
1036 " -h --help Show this help\n"
1037 " --test Determine startup sequence, dump it and exit\n"
1038 " --dump-configuration-items Dump understood unit configuration items\n"
1039 " --introspect[=INTERFACE] Extract D-Bus interface data\n"
1040 " --unit=UNIT Set default unit\n"
1041 " --system Run a system instance, even if PID != 1\n"
1042 " --user Run a user instance\n"
1043 " --dump-core[=0|1] Dump core on crash\n"
1044 " --crash-shell[=0|1] Run shell on crash\n"
1045 " --confirm-spawn[=0|1] Ask for confirmation when spawning processes\n"
1046 " --show-status[=0|1] Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
1047 " --log-target=TARGET Set log target (console, journal, syslog, kmsg, journal-or-kmsg, syslog-or-kmsg, null)\n"
1048 " --log-level=LEVEL Set log level (debug, info, notice, warning, err, crit, alert, emerg)\n"
1049 " --log-color[=0|1] Highlight important log messages\n"
1050 " --log-location[=0|1] Include code location in log messages\n"
1051 " --default-standard-output= Set default standard output for services\n"
1052 " --default-standard-error= Set default standard error output for services\n",
1053 program_invocation_short_name);
1058 static int version(void) {
1059 puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
1061 puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
1066 static int prepare_reexecute(Manager *m, FILE **_f, FDSet **_fds, bool serialize_jobs) {
1075 /* Make sure nothing is really destructed when we shut down */
1078 r = manager_open_serialization(m, &f);
1080 log_error("Failed to create serialization file: %s", strerror(-r));
1087 log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r));
1091 r = manager_serialize(m, f, fds, serialize_jobs);
1093 log_error("Failed to serialize state: %s", strerror(-r));
1097 if (fseeko(f, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
1098 log_error("Failed to rewind serialization fd: %m");
1102 r = fd_cloexec(fileno(f), false);
1104 log_error("Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization: %s", strerror(-r));
1108 r = fdset_cloexec(fds, false);
1110 log_error("Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization fds: %s", strerror(-r));
1128 static struct dual_timestamp* parse_initrd_timestamp(struct dual_timestamp *t) {
1130 unsigned long long a, b;
1134 e = getenv("RD_TIMESTAMP");
1138 if (sscanf(e, "%llu %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
1141 t->realtime = (usec_t) a;
1142 t->monotonic = (usec_t) b;
1147 static void test_mtab(void) {
1150 /* Check that /etc/mtab is a symlink */
1152 if (readlink_malloc("/etc/mtab", &p) >= 0) {
1155 b = streq(p, "/proc/self/mounts") || streq(p, "/proc/mounts");
1162 log_warning("/etc/mtab is not a symlink or not pointing to /proc/self/mounts. "
1163 "This is not supported anymore. "
1164 "Please make sure to replace this file by a symlink to avoid incorrect or misleading mount(8) output.");
1167 static void test_usr(void) {
1169 /* Check that /usr is not a separate fs */
1171 if (dir_is_empty("/usr") <= 0)
1174 log_warning("/usr appears to be on its own filesytem and is not already mounted. This is not a supported setup. "
1175 "Some things will probably break (sometimes even silently) in mysterious ways. "
1176 "Consult http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/separate-usr-is-broken for more information.");
1179 static void test_cgroups(void) {
1181 if (access("/proc/cgroups", F_OK) >= 0)
1184 log_warning("CONFIG_CGROUPS was not set when your kernel was compiled. "
1185 "Systems without control groups are not supported. "
1186 "We will now sleep for 10s, and then continue boot-up. "
1187 "Expect breakage and please do not file bugs. "
1188 "Instead fix your kernel and enable CONFIG_CGROUPS. "
1189 "Consult http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/cgroups-vs-cgroups.html for more information.");
1194 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1196 int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
1197 usec_t before_startup, after_startup;
1198 char timespan[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
1200 bool reexecute = false;
1201 const char *shutdown_verb = NULL;
1202 dual_timestamp initrd_timestamp = { 0ULL, 0ULL };
1203 static char systemd[] = "systemd";
1204 bool skip_setup = false;
1206 bool loaded_policy = false;
1207 bool arm_reboot_watchdog = false;
1208 bool queue_default_job = false;
1209 char *switch_root_dir = NULL, *switch_root_init = NULL;
1211 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1212 if (getpid() != 1 && strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) {
1213 /* This is compatibility support for SysV, where
1214 * calling init as a user is identical to telinit. */
1217 execv(SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH, argv);
1218 log_error("Failed to exec " SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH ": %m");
1223 /* Determine if this is a reexecution or normal bootup. We do
1224 * the full command line parsing much later, so let's just
1225 * have a quick peek here. */
1226 for (j = 1; j < argc; j++)
1227 if (streq(argv[j], "--deserialize")) {
1232 /* If we have switched root, do all the special setup
1234 for (j = 1; j < argc; j++)
1235 if (streq(argv[j], "--switched-root")) {
1240 /* If we get started via the /sbin/init symlink then we are
1241 called 'init'. After a subsequent reexecution we are then
1242 called 'systemd'. That is confusing, hence let's call us
1243 systemd right-away. */
1244 program_invocation_short_name = systemd;
1245 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, systemd);
1250 log_show_color(isatty(STDERR_FILENO) > 0);
1251 log_show_location(false);
1252 log_set_max_level(LOG_INFO);
1254 if (getpid() == 1) {
1256 char *rd_timestamp = NULL;
1258 dual_timestamp_get(&initrd_timestamp);
1259 asprintf(&rd_timestamp, "%llu %llu",
1260 (unsigned long long) initrd_timestamp.realtime,
1261 (unsigned long long) initrd_timestamp.monotonic);
1263 setenv("RD_TIMESTAMP", rd_timestamp, 1);
1268 arg_running_as = MANAGER_SYSTEM;
1269 log_set_target(detect_container(NULL) > 0 ? LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL : LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG);
1272 if (selinux_setup(&loaded_policy) < 0)
1274 if (ima_setup() < 0)
1280 if (label_init(NULL) < 0)
1284 if (hwclock_is_localtime() > 0) {
1287 r = hwclock_apply_localtime_delta(&min);
1289 log_error("Failed to apply local time delta, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1291 log_info("RTC configured in localtime, applying delta of %i minutes to system time.", min);
1295 arg_running_as = MANAGER_USER;
1296 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO);
1300 /* Initialize default unit */
1301 r = set_default_unit(SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET);
1303 log_error("Failed to set default unit %s: %s", SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET, strerror(-r));
1307 /* By default, mount "cpu" and "cpuacct" together */
1308 arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 2);
1309 if (!arg_join_controllers)
1312 arg_join_controllers[0] = strv_new("cpu", "cpuacct", NULL);
1313 arg_join_controllers[1] = NULL;
1315 if (!arg_join_controllers[0])
1318 /* Mount /proc, /sys and friends, so that /proc/cmdline and
1319 * /proc/$PID/fd is available. */
1320 if (geteuid() == 0 && !getenv("SYSTEMD_SKIP_API_MOUNTS")) {
1321 r = mount_setup(loaded_policy);
1326 /* Reset all signal handlers. */
1327 assert_se(reset_all_signal_handlers() == 0);
1329 /* If we are init, we can block sigkill. Yay. */
1330 ignore_signals(SIGNALS_IGNORE, -1);
1332 if (parse_config_file() < 0)
1335 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM)
1336 if (parse_proc_cmdline() < 0)
1339 log_parse_environment();
1341 if (parse_argv(argc, argv) < 0)
1344 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST && geteuid() == 0) {
1345 log_error("Don't run test mode as root.");
1349 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM &&
1350 arg_action == ACTION_RUN &&
1351 running_in_chroot() > 0) {
1352 log_error("Cannot be run in a chroot() environment.");
1356 if (arg_action == ACTION_HELP) {
1359 } else if (arg_action == ACTION_VERSION) {
1362 } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS) {
1363 unit_dump_config_items(stdout);
1364 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1366 } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DONE) {
1367 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1371 assert_se(arg_action == ACTION_RUN || arg_action == ACTION_TEST);
1373 /* Close logging fds, in order not to confuse fdset below */
1376 /* Remember open file descriptors for later deserialization */
1377 if (serialization) {
1378 r = fdset_new_fill(&fds);
1380 log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r));
1384 assert_se(fdset_remove(fds, fileno(serialization)) >= 0);
1386 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
1388 /* Set up PATH unless it is already set */
1390 #ifdef HAVE_SPLIT_USR
1391 "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
1393 "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin",
1395 arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM);
1397 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM) {
1398 /* Parse the data passed to us. We leave this
1399 * variables set, but the manager later on will not
1400 * pass them on to our children. */
1402 parse_initrd_timestamp(&initrd_timestamp);
1404 /* Unset some environment variables passed in from the
1405 * kernel that don't really make sense for us. */
1409 /* When we are invoked by a shell, these might be set,
1410 * but make little sense to pass on */
1415 /* When we are invoked by a chroot-like tool such as
1416 * nspawn, these might be set, but make little sense
1419 unsetenv("LOGNAME");
1421 /* All other variables are left as is, so that clients
1422 * can still read them via /proc/1/environ */
1425 /* Move out of the way, so that we won't block unmounts */
1426 assert_se(chdir("/") == 0);
1428 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM) {
1429 /* Become a session leader if we aren't one yet. */
1432 /* Disable the umask logic */
1436 /* Make sure D-Bus doesn't fiddle with the SIGPIPE handlers */
1437 dbus_connection_set_change_sigpipe(FALSE);
1439 /* Reset the console, but only if this is really init and we
1440 * are freshly booted */
1441 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM && arg_action == ACTION_RUN) {
1442 console_setup(getpid() == 1 && !skip_setup);
1446 /* Open the logging devices, if possible and necessary */
1449 /* Make sure we leave a core dump without panicing the
1452 install_crash_handler();
1454 if (geteuid() == 0 && !getenv("SYSTEMD_SKIP_API_MOUNTS")) {
1455 r = mount_cgroup_controllers(arg_join_controllers);
1460 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM) {
1461 const char *virtualization = NULL;
1463 log_info(PACKAGE_STRING " running in system mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES "; " DISTRIBUTION ")");
1465 detect_virtualization(&virtualization);
1467 log_info("Detected virtualization '%s'.", virtualization);
1470 log_info("Running in initial RAM disk.");
1473 log_debug(PACKAGE_STRING " running in user mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES "; " DISTRIBUTION ")");
1475 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM && !skip_setup) {
1478 if (arg_show_status || plymouth_running())
1491 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM && arg_runtime_watchdog > 0)
1492 watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_runtime_watchdog);
1494 if (arg_timer_slack_nsec != (nsec_t) -1)
1495 if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, arg_timer_slack_nsec) < 0)
1496 log_error("Failed to adjust timer slack: %m");
1498 if (arg_capability_bounding_set_drop) {
1499 r = capability_bounding_set_drop(arg_capability_bounding_set_drop, true);
1501 log_error("Failed to drop capability bounding set: %s", strerror(-r));
1504 r = capability_bounding_set_drop_usermode(arg_capability_bounding_set_drop);
1506 log_error("Failed to drop capability bounding set of usermode helpers: %s", strerror(-r));
1511 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_USER) {
1512 /* Become reaper of our children */
1513 if (prctl(PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER, 1) < 0) {
1514 log_warning("Failed to make us a subreaper: %m");
1515 if (errno == EINVAL)
1516 log_info("Perhaps the kernel version is too old (< 3.4?)");
1520 r = manager_new(arg_running_as, &m);
1522 log_error("Failed to allocate manager object: %s", strerror(-r));
1526 m->confirm_spawn = arg_confirm_spawn;
1527 m->default_std_output = arg_default_std_output;
1528 m->default_std_error = arg_default_std_error;
1529 m->runtime_watchdog = arg_runtime_watchdog;
1530 m->shutdown_watchdog = arg_shutdown_watchdog;
1532 manager_set_default_rlimits(m, arg_default_rlimit);
1534 if (dual_timestamp_is_set(&initrd_timestamp))
1535 m->initrd_timestamp = initrd_timestamp;
1537 if (arg_default_controllers)
1538 manager_set_default_controllers(m, arg_default_controllers);
1540 manager_set_show_status(m, arg_show_status);
1542 /* Remember whether we should queue the default job */
1543 queue_default_job = !serialization || arg_switched_root;
1545 before_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1547 r = manager_startup(m, serialization, fds);
1549 log_error("Failed to fully start up daemon: %s", strerror(-r));
1551 /* This will close all file descriptors that were opened, but
1552 * not claimed by any unit. */
1558 if (serialization) {
1559 fclose(serialization);
1560 serialization = NULL;
1563 if (queue_default_job) {
1565 Unit *target = NULL;
1566 Job *default_unit_job;
1568 dbus_error_init(&error);
1570 log_debug("Activating default unit: %s", arg_default_unit);
1572 r = manager_load_unit(m, arg_default_unit, NULL, &error, &target);
1574 log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1575 dbus_error_free(&error);
1576 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR)
1577 log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", strerror(-target->load_error));
1578 else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED)
1579 log_error("Default target masked.");
1581 if (!target || target->load_state != UNIT_LOADED) {
1582 log_info("Trying to load rescue target...");
1584 r = manager_load_unit(m, SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, NULL, &error, &target);
1586 log_error("Failed to load rescue target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1587 dbus_error_free(&error);
1589 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR) {
1590 log_error("Failed to load rescue target: %s", strerror(-target->load_error));
1592 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED) {
1593 log_error("Rescue target masked.");
1598 assert(target->load_state == UNIT_LOADED);
1600 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
1601 printf("-> By units:\n");
1602 manager_dump_units(m, stdout, "\t");
1605 r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_REPLACE, false, &error, &default_unit_job);
1607 log_error("Failed to start default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1608 dbus_error_free(&error);
1611 m->default_unit_job_id = default_unit_job->id;
1613 after_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1614 log_full(arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? LOG_INFO : LOG_DEBUG,
1615 "Loaded units and determined initial transaction in %s.",
1616 format_timespan(timespan, sizeof(timespan), after_startup - before_startup));
1618 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
1619 printf("-> By jobs:\n");
1620 manager_dump_jobs(m, stdout, "\t");
1621 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1627 r = manager_loop(m);
1629 log_error("Failed to run mainloop: %s", strerror(-r));
1633 switch (m->exit_code) {
1636 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1640 case MANAGER_RELOAD:
1641 log_info("Reloading.");
1642 r = manager_reload(m);
1644 log_error("Failed to reload: %s", strerror(-r));
1647 case MANAGER_REEXECUTE:
1649 if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds, true) < 0)
1653 log_notice("Reexecuting.");
1656 case MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT:
1657 /* Steal the switch root parameters */
1658 switch_root_dir = m->switch_root;
1659 switch_root_init = m->switch_root_init;
1660 m->switch_root = m->switch_root_init = NULL;
1662 if (!switch_root_init)
1663 if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds, false) < 0)
1667 log_notice("Switching root.");
1670 case MANAGER_REBOOT:
1671 case MANAGER_POWEROFF:
1673 case MANAGER_KEXEC: {
1674 static const char * const table[_MANAGER_EXIT_CODE_MAX] = {
1675 [MANAGER_REBOOT] = "reboot",
1676 [MANAGER_POWEROFF] = "poweroff",
1677 [MANAGER_HALT] = "halt",
1678 [MANAGER_KEXEC] = "kexec"
1681 assert_se(shutdown_verb = table[m->exit_code]);
1682 arm_reboot_watchdog = m->exit_code == MANAGER_REBOOT;
1684 log_notice("Shutting down.");
1689 assert_not_reached("Unknown exit code.");
1697 for (j = 0; j < RLIMIT_NLIMITS; j++)
1698 free (arg_default_rlimit[j]);
1700 free(arg_default_unit);
1701 strv_free(arg_default_controllers);
1702 free_join_controllers();
1709 unsigned i, args_size;
1711 /* Close and disarm the watchdog, so that the new
1712 * instance can reinitialize it, but doesn't get
1713 * rebooted while we do that */
1714 watchdog_close(true);
1716 if (switch_root_dir) {
1717 /* Kill all remaining processes from the
1718 * initrd, but don't wait for them, so that we
1719 * can handle the SIGCHLD for them after
1721 broadcast_signal(SIGTERM, false);
1723 /* And switch root */
1724 r = switch_root(switch_root_dir);
1726 log_error("Failed to switch root, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1729 args_size = MAX(6, argc+1);
1730 args = newa(const char*, args_size);
1732 if (!switch_root_init) {
1735 /* First try to spawn ourselves with the right
1736 * path, and with full serialization. We do
1737 * this only if the user didn't specify an
1738 * explicit init to spawn. */
1740 assert(serialization);
1743 snprintf(sfd, sizeof(sfd), "%i", fileno(serialization));
1747 args[i++] = SYSTEMD_BINARY_PATH;
1748 if (switch_root_dir)
1749 args[i++] = "--switched-root";
1750 args[i++] = arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM ? "--system" : "--user";
1751 args[i++] = "--deserialize";
1755 assert(i <= args_size);
1756 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1759 /* Try the fallback, if there is any, without any
1760 * serialization. We pass the original argv[] and
1761 * envp[]. (Well, modulo the ordering changes due to
1762 * getopt() in argv[], and some cleanups in envp[],
1763 * but let's hope that doesn't matter.) */
1765 if (serialization) {
1766 fclose(serialization);
1767 serialization = NULL;
1775 /* Reopen the console */
1776 make_console_stdio();
1778 for (j = 1, i = 1; j < argc; j++)
1779 args[i++] = argv[j];
1781 assert(i <= args_size);
1783 if (switch_root_init) {
1784 args[0] = switch_root_init;
1785 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1786 log_warning("Failed to execute configured init, trying fallback: %m");
1789 args[0] = "/sbin/init";
1790 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1792 if (errno == ENOENT) {
1793 log_warning("No /sbin/init, trying fallback");
1795 args[0] = "/bin/sh";
1797 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1798 log_error("Failed to execute /bin/sh, giving up: %m");
1800 log_warning("Failed to execute /sbin/init, giving up: %m");
1804 fclose(serialization);
1809 if (shutdown_verb) {
1810 const char * command_line[] = {
1811 SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH,
1817 if (arm_reboot_watchdog && arg_shutdown_watchdog > 0) {
1820 /* If we reboot let's set the shutdown
1821 * watchdog and tell the shutdown binary to
1822 * repeatedly ping it */
1823 watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_shutdown_watchdog);
1824 watchdog_close(false);
1826 /* Tell the binary how often to ping */
1827 snprintf(e, sizeof(e), "WATCHDOG_USEC=%llu", (unsigned long long) arg_shutdown_watchdog);
1830 env_block = strv_append(environ, e);
1832 env_block = strv_copy(environ);
1833 watchdog_close(true);
1836 execve(SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH, (char **) command_line, env_block);
1838 log_error("Failed to execute shutdown binary, freezing: %m");