1 <?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
2 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
6 This file is part of systemd.
8 Copyright 2013 Tom Gundersen
10 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
11 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
12 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
13 (at your option) any later version.
15 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
16 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
18 Lesser General Public License for more details.
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21 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
24 <refentry id="systemd.network" conditional='ENABLE_NETWORKD'>
27 <title>systemd.network</title>
28 <productname>systemd</productname>
32 <contrib>Developer</contrib>
33 <firstname>Tom</firstname>
34 <surname>Gundersen</surname>
35 <email>teg@jklm.no</email>
41 <refentrytitle>systemd.network</refentrytitle>
42 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
46 <refname>systemd.network</refname>
47 <refpurpose>Network configuration</refpurpose>
51 <para><filename><replaceable>network</replaceable>.network</filename></para>
55 <title>Description</title>
57 <para>Network setup is performed by
58 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
61 <para>Network files must have the extension
62 <filename>.network</filename>; other extensions are ignored.
63 Networks are applied to links whenever the links appear.</para>
65 <para>The <filename>.network</filename> files are read from the
66 files located in the system network directory
67 <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename>, the volatile
68 runtime network directory
69 <filename>/run/systemd/network</filename> and the local
70 administration network directory
71 <filename>/etc/systemd/network</filename>. All configuration files
72 are collectively sorted and processed in lexical order, regardless
73 of the directories in which they live. However, files with
74 identical filenames replace each other. Files in
75 <filename>/etc</filename> have the highest priority, files in
76 <filename>/run</filename> take precedence over files with the same
77 name in <filename>/usr/lib</filename>. This can be used to
78 override a system-supplied configuration file with a local file if
79 needed; a symlink in <filename>/etc</filename> with the same name
80 as a configuration file in <filename>/usr/lib</filename>, pointing
81 to <filename>/dev/null</filename>, disables the configuration file
87 <title>[Match] Section Options</title>
89 <para>The network file contains a <literal>[Match]</literal>
90 section, which determines if a given network file may be applied
91 to a given device; and a <literal>[Network]</literal> section
92 specifying how the device should be configured. The first (in
93 lexical order) of the network files that matches a given device
96 <para>A network file is said to match a device if each of the
97 entries in the <literal>[Match]</literal> section matches, or if
98 the section is empty. The following keys are accepted:</para>
100 <variablelist class='network-directives'>
102 <term><varname>MACAddress=</varname></term>
104 <para>The hardware address.</para>
108 <term><varname>Path=</varname></term>
110 <para>The persistent path, as exposed by the udev
111 property <literal>ID_PATH</literal>. May contain shell
116 <term><varname>Driver=</varname></term>
118 <para>The driver currently bound to the device, as
119 exposed by the udev property <literal>DRIVER</literal>
120 of its parent device, or if that is not set the driver
121 as exposed by <literal>ethtool -i</literal> of the
122 device itself.</para>
126 <term><varname>Type=</varname></term>
128 <para>The device type, as exposed by the udev property
129 <literal>DEVTYPE</literal>.</para>
133 <term><varname>Name=</varname></term>
135 <para>The device name, as exposed by the udev property
136 <literal>INTERFACE</literal>. May contain shell style
141 <term><varname>Host=</varname></term>
143 <para>Matches against the hostname or machine ID of the
144 host. See <literal>ConditionHost=</literal> in
145 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
151 <term><varname>Virtualization=</varname></term>
153 <para>Checks whether the system is executed in a virtualized
154 environment and optionally test whether it is a specific
155 implementation. See <literal>ConditionVirtualization=</literal> in
156 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
162 <term><varname>KernelCommandLine=</varname></term>
164 <para>Checks whether a specific kernel command line option is
165 set (or if prefixed with the exclamation mark unset). See
166 <literal>ConditionKernelCommandLine=</literal> in
167 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
173 <term><varname>Architecture=</varname></term>
175 <para>Checks whether the system is running on a specific
176 architecture. See <literal>ConditionArchitecture=</literal> in
177 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
187 <title>[Link] Section Options</title>
189 <para> The <literal>[Link]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>
191 <variablelist class='network-directives'>
193 <term><varname>MACAddress=</varname></term>
195 <para>The hardware address.</para>
199 <term><varname>MTUBytes=</varname></term>
201 <para>The maximum transmission unit in bytes to set for the
202 device. The usual suffixes K, M, G, are supported and are
203 understood to the base of 1024.</para>
210 <title>[Network] Section Options</title>
212 <para>The <literal>[Network]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>
214 <variablelist class='network-directives'>
216 <term><varname>Description=</varname></term>
218 <para>A description of the device. This is only used for
219 presentation purposes.</para>
223 <term><varname>DHCP=</varname></term>
225 <para>Enables DHCPv4 and/or DHCPv6 support. Accepts
226 <literal>yes</literal>, <literal>no</literal>,
227 <literal>ipv4</literal>, or <literal>ipv6</literal>.</para>
231 <term><varname>DHCPServer=</varname></term>
233 <para>A boolean. Enables a basic DHCPv4 server on the
234 device. Mostly useful for handing out leases to container
239 <term><varname>LinkLocal=</varname></term>
241 <para>Enables link-local address autoconfiguration. Accepts
242 <literal>yes</literal>, <literal>no</literal>,
243 <literal>ipv4</literal>, or <literal>ipv6</literal>. Defaults to
244 <literal>ipv6</literal>.</para>
248 <term><varname>IPv4LLRoute=</varname></term>
250 <para>A boolean. When true, sets up the route needed for
251 non-IPv4LL hosts to communicate with IPv4LL-only hosts. Defaults
257 <term><varname>LLMNR=</varname></term>
259 <para>A boolean or <literal>resolve</literal>. When true, enables
260 Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution on the link, when set to
261 <literal>resolve</literal> only resolution is enabled, but not
262 announcement. Defaults to true.</para>
266 <term><varname>LLDP=</varname></term>
268 <para>A boolean. When true, enables LLDP link receive support.
273 <term><varname>Address=</varname></term>
275 <para>A static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix length,
276 separated by a <literal>/</literal> character. Specify
277 this key more than once to configure several addresses.
278 The format of the address must be as described in
279 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
280 This is a short-hand for an [Address] section only
281 containing an Address key (see below). This option may be
282 specified more than once.
285 <para>If the specified address is 0.0.0.0 (for IPv4) or
286 [::] (for IPv6), a new address range of the requested size
287 is automatically allocated from a system-wide pool of
288 unused ranges. The allocated range is checked against all
289 current network interfaces and all known network
290 configuration files to avoid address range conflicts. The
291 default system-wide pool consists of 192.168.0.0/16,
292 172.16.0.0/12 and 10.0.0.0/8 for IPv4, and fc00::/7 for
293 IPv6. This functionality is useful to manage a large
294 number of dynamically created network interfaces with the
295 same network configuration and automatic address range
301 <term><varname>Gateway=</varname></term>
303 <para>The gateway address, which must be in the format
305 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
306 This is a short-hand for a [Route] section only containing
307 a Gateway key. This option may be specified more than
312 <term><varname>DNS=</varname></term>
314 <para>A DNS server address, which must be in the format
316 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
317 This option may be specified more than once.</para>
321 <term><varname>Domains=</varname></term>
323 <para>The domains used for DNS resolution over this link.</para>
327 <term><varname>NTP=</varname></term>
329 <para>An NTP server address. This option may be specified more than once.</para>
333 <term><varname>IPForward=</varname></term>
334 <listitem><para>Configures IP forwarding for the network
335 interface. If enabled incoming packets on the network
336 interface will be forwarded to other interfaces according to
337 the routing table. Takes either a boolean argument, or the
338 values <literal>ipv4</literal> or <literal>ipv6</literal>,
339 which only enables IP forwarding for the specified address
340 family.</para></listitem>
343 <term><varname>IPMasquerade=</varname></term>
344 <listitem><para>Configures IP masquerading for the network
345 interface. If enabled packets forwarded from the network
346 interface will be appear as coming from the local host.
347 Takes a boolean argument. Implies
348 <varname>IPForward=yes</varname>.</para></listitem>
351 <term><varname>Bridge=</varname></term>
353 <para>The name of the bridge to add the link to.</para>
357 <term><varname>Bond=</varname></term>
359 <para>The name of the bond to add the link to.</para>
363 <term><varname>VLAN=</varname></term>
365 <para>The name of a VLAN to create on the link. This
366 option may be specified more than once.</para>
370 <term><varname>MACVLAN=</varname></term>
372 <para>The name of a MACVLAN to create on the link. This
373 option may be specified more than once.</para>
377 <term><varname>VXLAN=</varname></term>
379 <para>The name of a VXLAN to create on the link. This
380 option may be specified more than once.</para>
384 <term><varname>Tunnel=</varname></term>
386 <para>The name of a Tunnel to create on the link. This
387 option may be specified more than once.</para>
395 <title>[Address] Section Options</title>
397 <para>An <literal>[Address]</literal> section accepts the
398 following keys. Specify several <literal>[Address]</literal>
399 sections to configure several addresses.</para>
401 <variablelist class='network-directives'>
403 <term><varname>Address=</varname></term>
405 <para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section. This
406 key is mandatory.</para>
410 <term><varname>Peer=</varname></term>
412 <para>The peer address in a point-to-point connection.
413 Accepts the same format as the <literal>Address</literal>
418 <term><varname>Broadcast=</varname></term>
420 <para>The broadcast address, which must be in the format
422 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
423 This key only applies to IPv4 addresses. If it is not
424 given, it is derived from the <literal>Address</literal>
429 <term><varname>Label=</varname></term>
431 <para>An address label.</para>
438 <title>[Route] Section Options</title>
439 <para>The <literal>[Route]</literal> section accepts the
440 following keys. Specify several <literal>[Route]</literal>
441 sections to configure several routes.</para>
443 <variablelist class='network-directives'>
445 <term><varname>Gateway=</varname></term>
447 <para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section.</para>
451 <term><varname>Destination=</varname></term>
453 <para>The destination prefix of the route. Possibly
454 followed by a slash and the prefixlength. If omitted, a
455 full-length host route is assumed.</para>
459 <term><varname>Source=</varname></term>
461 <para>The source prefix of the route. Possibly followed by
462 a slash and the prefixlength. If omitted, a full-length
463 host route is assumed.</para>
467 <term><varname>Metric=</varname></term>
469 <para>The metric of the route. An unsigned integer</para>
476 <title>[DHCP] Section Options</title>
477 <para>The <literal>[DHCP]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>
479 <variablelist class='network-directives'>
481 <term><varname>UseDNS=</varname></term>
483 <para>When true (the default), the DNS servers received
484 from the DHCP server will be used and take precedence over
485 any statically configured ones.</para>
489 <term><varname>UseMTU=</varname></term>
491 <para>When true, the interface maximum transmission unit
492 from the DHCP server will be used on the current link.
493 Defaults to false.</para>
497 <term><varname>SendHostname=</varname></term>
499 <para>When true (the default), the machine's hostname will be sent to the DHCP
504 <term><varname>UseHostname=</varname></term>
506 <para>When true (the default), the hostname received from
507 the DHCP server will be used as the transient
512 <term><varname>UseDomains=</varname></term>
514 <para>When true (not the default), the domain name
515 received from the DHCP server will be used for DNS
516 resolution over this link.</para>
520 <term><varname>UseRoutes=</varname></term>
522 <para>When true (the default), the static routes will be
523 requested from the DHCP server and added to the routing
524 table with metric of 1024.</para>
528 <term><varname>CriticalConnection=</varname></term>
530 <para>When true, the connection will never be torn down
531 even if the DHCP lease expires. This is contrary to the
532 DHCP specification, but may be the best choice if, say,
533 the root filesystem relies on this connection. Defaults to
538 <term><varname>VendorClassIdentifier=</varname></term>
540 <para>The vendor class identifier used to identify vendor
541 type and configuration.</para>
545 <term><varname>RequestBroadcast=</varname></term>
547 <para>Request the server to use broadcast messages before
548 the IP address has been configured. This is necessary for
549 devices that cannot receive RAW packets, or that cannot
550 receive packets at all before an IP address has been
551 configured. On the other hand, this must not be enabled on
552 networks where broadcasts are filtered out.</para>
556 <term><varname>RouteMetric=</varname></term>
558 <para>Set the routing metric for routes specified by the
567 <title>[Bridge] Section Options</title>
568 <para>The <literal>[Bridge]</literal> section accepts the
569 following keys.</para>
570 <variablelist class='network-directives'>
572 <term><varname>Cost=</varname></term>
574 <para>Each port in a bridge may have different speed. Cost
575 is used to decide which link to use. Faster interfaces
576 should have lower costs</para>
583 <title>[BridgeFDB] Section Options</title>
584 <para>The <literal>[BridgeFDB]</literal> section manages the
585 forwarding database table of a port and accepts the following
586 keys. Specify several <literal>[BridgeFDB]</literal> sections to
587 configure several static MAC table entries.</para>
589 <variablelist class='network-directives'>
591 <term><varname>MACAddress=</varname></term>
593 <para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section. This
594 key is mandatory.</para>
598 <term><varname>VLANId=</varname></term>
600 <para>The VLAN Id for the new static MAC table entry. If
601 omitted, no VLAN Id info is appended to the new static MAC
609 <title>Example</title>
611 <title>/etc/systemd/network/50-static.network</title>
613 <programlisting>[Match]
617 Address=192.168.0.15/24
618 Gateway=192.168.0.1</programlisting>
622 <title>/etc/systemd/network/80-dhcp.network</title>
624 <programlisting>[Match]
628 DHCP=both</programlisting>
632 <title>/etc/systemd/network/bridge-static.network</title>
634 <programlisting>[Match]
638 Address=192.168.0.15/24
640 DNS=192.168.0.1</programlisting>
644 <title>/etc/systemd/network/bridge-slave-interface.network</title>
646 <programlisting>[Match]
650 Bridge=bridge0</programlisting>
653 <title>/etc/systemd/network/ipip.network</title>
655 <programlisting>[Match]
659 Tunnel=ipip-tun</programlisting>
663 <title>/etc/systemd/network/sit.network</title>
665 <programlisting>[Match]
669 Tunnel=sit-tun</programlisting>
673 <title>/etc/systemd/network/gre.network</title>
675 <programlisting>[Match]
679 Tunnel=gre-tun</programlisting>
683 <title>/etc/systemd/network/vti.network</title>
685 <programlisting>[Match]
689 Tunnel=vti-tun</programlisting>
694 <title>See Also</title>
696 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
697 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
698 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.link</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
699 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.netdev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>