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1 <?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
2 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
3   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
4
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8   Copyright 2013 Tom Gundersen
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23
24 <refentry id="systemd.netdev" conditional='ENABLE_NETWORKD'>
25
26   <refentryinfo>
27     <title>systemd.network</title>
28     <productname>systemd</productname>
29
30     <authorgroup>
31       <author>
32         <contrib>Developer</contrib>
33         <firstname>Tom</firstname>
34         <surname>Gundersen</surname>
35         <email>teg@jklm.no</email>
36       </author>
37     </authorgroup>
38   </refentryinfo>
39
40   <refmeta>
41     <refentrytitle>systemd.netdev</refentrytitle>
42     <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
43   </refmeta>
44
45   <refnamediv>
46     <refname>systemd.netdev</refname>
47     <refpurpose>Virtual Network Device configuration</refpurpose>
48   </refnamediv>
49
50   <refsynopsisdiv>
51     <para><filename><replaceable>netdev</replaceable>.netdev</filename></para>
52   </refsynopsisdiv>
53
54   <refsect1>
55     <title>Description</title>
56
57     <para>Network setup is performed by
58     <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
59     </para>
60
61     <para>Virtual Network Device files must have the extension
62     <filename>.netdev</filename>; other extensions are ignored.
63     Virtual network devices are created as soon as networkd is
64     started. If a netdev with the specified name already exists,
65     networkd will use that as-is rather than create its own. Note that
66     the settings of the pre-existing netdev will not be changed by
67     networkd.</para>
68
69     <para>The <filename>.netdev</filename> files are read from the
70     files located in the system network directory
71     <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename>, the volatile
72     runtime network directory
73     <filename>/run/systemd/network</filename> and the local
74     administration network directory
75     <filename>/etc/systemd/network</filename>. All configuration files
76     are collectively sorted and processed in lexical order, regardless
77     of the directories in which they live. However, files with
78     identical filenames replace each other. Files in
79     <filename>/etc</filename> have the highest priority, files in
80     <filename>/run</filename> take precedence over files with the same
81     name in <filename>/usr/lib</filename>. This can be used to
82     override a system-supplied configuration file with a local file if
83     needed; a symlink in <filename>/etc</filename> with the same name
84     as a configuration file in <filename>/usr/lib</filename>, pointing
85     to <filename>/dev/null</filename>, disables the configuration file
86     entirely.</para>
87
88   </refsect1>
89
90   <refsect1>
91     <title>Supported netdev kinds</title>
92
93     <para>The following kinds of virtual network devices may be
94     configured in <filename>.netdev</filename> files:</para>
95
96     <table>
97       <title>Supported kinds of virtual network devices</title>
98
99       <tgroup cols='2'>
100         <colspec colname='kind' />
101         <colspec colname='explanation' />
102         <thead><row>
103           <entry>Kind</entry>
104           <entry>Description</entry>
105         </row></thead>
106         <tbody>
107           <row><entry><varname>bond</varname></entry>
108           <entry>A bond device is an aggregation of all its slave devices. See <ulink url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt">Linux Ethernet Bonding Driver HOWTO</ulink> for details.Local configuration</entry></row>
109
110           <row><entry><varname>bridge</varname></entry>
111           <entry>A bridge devcie is a software switch, each of its slave devices and the bridge itself are ports of the switch.</entry></row>
112
113           <row><entry><varname>dummy</varname></entry>
114           <entry>A dummy device drops all packets sent to it.</entry></row>
115
116           <row><entry><varname>gre</varname></entry>
117           <entry>A Level 3 GRE tunnel over IPv4. See <ulink url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2784">RFC 2784</ulink> for details.</entry></row>
118
119           <row><entry><varname>gretap</varname></entry>
120           <entry>A Level 2 GRE tunnel over IPv4.</entry></row>
121
122           <row><entry><varname>ip6gre</varname></entry>
123           <entry>A Level 3 GRE tunnel over IPv6.</entry></row>
124
125           <row><entry><varname>ip6tnl</varname></entry>
126           <entry>An IPv4 or IPv6 tunnel over IPv6</entry></row>
127
128           <row><entry><varname>ip6gretap</varname></entry>
129           <entry>An Level 2 GRE tunnel over IPv6.</entry></row>
130
131           <row><entry><varname>ipip</varname></entry>
132           <entry>An IPv4 over IPv4 tunnel.</entry></row>
133
134           <row><entry><varname>ipvlan</varname></entry>
135           <entry>An ipvlan device is a stacked device which receives packets from its underlying device based on IP address filtering.</entry></row>
136
137           <row><entry><varname>macvlan</varname></entry>
138           <entry>A macvlan device is a stacked device which receives packets from its underlying device based on MAC address filtering.</entry></row>
139
140           <row><entry><varname>sit</varname></entry>
141           <entry>An IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel.</entry></row>
142
143           <row><entry><varname>tap</varname></entry>
144           <entry>A persistent Level 2 tunnel between a network device and a device node.</entry></row>
145
146           <row><entry><varname>tun</varname></entry>
147           <entry>A persistent Level 3 tunnel between a network device and a device node.</entry></row>
148
149           <row><entry><varname>veth</varname></entry>
150           <entry>An ethernet tunnel between a pair of network devices.</entry></row>
151
152           <row><entry><varname>vlan</varname></entry>
153           <entry>A VLAN is a stacked device which receives packets from its underlying device based on VLAN tagging. See <ulink url="http://www.ieee802.org/1/pages/802.1Q.html">IEEE 802.1Q</ulink> for details.</entry></row>
154
155           <row><entry><varname>vti</varname></entry>
156           <entry>An IPv4 over IPSec tunnel.</entry></row>
157
158           <row><entry><varname>vxlan</varname></entry>
159           <entry>A virtual extensible LAN (vxlan), for connecting Cloud computing deployments.</entry></row>
160         </tbody>
161       </tgroup>
162     </table>
163
164   </refsect1>
165
166   <refsect1>
167     <title>[Match] Section Options</title>
168
169     <para>A virtual network device is only created if the
170     <literal>[Match]</literal> section matches the current
171     environment, or if the section is empty. The following keys are
172     accepted:</para>
173
174     <variablelist class='network-directives'>
175       <varlistentry>
176         <term><varname>Host=</varname></term>
177         <listitem>
178           <para>Matches against the hostname or machine ID of the
179           host. See <literal>ConditionHost=</literal> in
180           <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
181           for details.
182           </para>
183         </listitem>
184       </varlistentry>
185       <varlistentry>
186         <term><varname>Virtualization=</varname></term>
187         <listitem>
188           <para>Checks whether the system is executed in a virtualized
189           environment and optionally test whether it is a specific
190           implementation. See
191           <literal>ConditionVirtualization=</literal> in
192           <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
193           for details.
194           </para>
195         </listitem>
196       </varlistentry>
197       <varlistentry>
198         <term><varname>KernelCommandLine=</varname></term>
199         <listitem>
200           <para>Checks whether a specific kernel command line option
201           is set (or if prefixed with the exclamation mark unset). See
202           <literal>ConditionKernelCommandLine=</literal> in
203           <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
204           for details.
205           </para>
206         </listitem>
207       </varlistentry>
208       <varlistentry>
209         <term><varname>Architecture=</varname></term>
210         <listitem>
211           <para>Checks whether the system is running on a specific
212           architecture. See <literal>ConditionArchitecture=</literal> in
213           <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
214           for details.
215           </para>
216         </listitem>
217       </varlistentry>
218     </variablelist>
219
220   </refsect1>
221
222   <refsect1>
223     <title>[NetDev] Section Options</title>
224
225       <para>The <literal>[NetDev]</literal> section accepts the
226       following keys:</para>
227
228       <variablelist class='network-directives'>
229         <varlistentry>
230           <term><varname>Description=</varname></term>
231           <listitem>
232             <para>A free-form description of the netdev.</para>
233           </listitem>
234         </varlistentry>
235         <varlistentry>
236           <term><varname>Name=</varname></term>
237           <listitem>
238             <para>The interface name used when creating the netdev.
239             This option is compulsory.</para>
240           </listitem>
241         </varlistentry>
242         <varlistentry>
243           <term><varname>Kind=</varname></term>
244           <listitem>
245             <para>The netdev kind. This option is compulsory. See the
246             <literal>Supported netdev kinds</literal> section for the
247             valid keys.</para>
248           </listitem>
249         </varlistentry>
250         <varlistentry>
251           <term><varname>MTUBytes=</varname></term>
252           <listitem>
253             <para>The maximum transmission unit in bytes to set for
254             the device. The usual suffixes K, M, G, are supported and
255             are understood to the base of 1024. This key is not
256             currently suported for <literal>tun</literal> or
257             <literal>tap</literal> devices.
258             </para>
259           </listitem>
260         </varlistentry>
261         <varlistentry>
262           <term><varname>MACAddress=</varname></term>
263           <listitem>
264             <para>The MAC address to use for the device. If none is
265             given, one is generated based on the interface name and
266             the
267             <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
268             This key is not currently suported for
269             <literal>tun</literal> or <literal>tap</literal> devices.
270             </para>
271           </listitem>
272         </varlistentry>
273       </variablelist>
274   </refsect1>
275
276   <refsect1>
277     <title>[VLAN] Section Options</title>
278
279       <para>The <literal>[VLAN]</literal> section only applies for
280       netdevs of kind <literal>vlan</literal>, and accepts the
281       following key:</para>
282
283       <variablelist class='network-directives'>
284         <varlistentry>
285           <term><varname>Id=</varname></term>
286           <listitem>
287             <para>The VLAN ID to use. An integer in the range 0–4094.
288             This option is compulsory.</para>
289           </listitem>
290         </varlistentry>
291       </variablelist>
292
293   </refsect1>
294
295   <refsect1>
296     <title>[MACVLAN] Section Options</title>
297
298     <para>The <literal>[MACVLAN]</literal> section only applies for
299     netdevs of kind <literal>macvlan</literal>, and accepts the
300     following key:</para>
301
302     <variablelist class='network-directives'>
303       <varlistentry>
304         <term><varname>Mode=</varname></term>
305         <listitem>
306           <para>The MACVLAN mode to use. The supported options are
307           <literal>private</literal>,
308           <literal>vepa</literal>,
309           <literal>bridge</literal>, and
310           <literal>passthru</literal>.
311           </para>
312         </listitem>
313       </varlistentry>
314     </variablelist>
315
316   </refsect1>
317
318   <refsect1>
319     <title>[IPVLAN] Section Options</title>
320
321     <para>The <literal>[IPVLAN]</literal> section only applies for
322     netdevs of kind <literal>ipvlan</literal>, and accepts the
323     following key:</para>
324
325     <variablelist class='network-directives'>
326       <varlistentry>
327         <term><varname>Mode=</varname></term>
328           <listitem>
329             <para>The IPVLAN mode to use. The supported options are
330             <literal>L2</literal> and <literal>L3</literal>.
331             </para>
332           </listitem>
333       </varlistentry>
334     </variablelist>
335
336   </refsect1>
337
338   <refsect1>
339     <title>[VXLAN] Section Options</title>
340     <para>The <literal>[VXLAN]</literal> section only applies for
341     netdevs of kind <literal>vxlan</literal>, and accepts the
342     following keys:</para>
343
344     <variablelist class='network-directives'>
345       <varlistentry>
346         <term><varname>Id=</varname></term>
347         <listitem>
348           <para>The VXLAN ID to use.</para>
349         </listitem>
350       </varlistentry>
351       <varlistentry>
352         <term><varname>Group=</varname></term>
353         <listitem>
354           <para>An assigned multicast group IP address.</para>
355         </listitem>
356       </varlistentry>
357       <varlistentry>
358         <term><varname>TOS=</varname></term>
359         <listitem>
360           <para>The Type Of Service byte value for a vxlan interface.</para>
361         </listitem>
362       </varlistentry>
363       <varlistentry>
364         <term><varname>TTL=</varname></term>
365         <listitem>
366           <para>A fixed Time To Live N on Virtual eXtensible Local
367           Area Network packets. N is a number in the range 1-255. 0
368           is a special value meaning that packets inherit the TTL
369           value.</para>
370         </listitem>
371       </varlistentry>
372       <varlistentry>
373         <term><varname>MacLearning=</varname></term>
374         <listitem>
375           <para>A boolean. When true, enables dynamic MAC learning
376           to discover remote MAC addresses.</para>
377         </listitem>
378       </varlistentry>
379       <varlistentry>
380         <term><varname>FDBAgeingSec=</varname></term>
381         <listitem>
382           <para>The lifetime of Forwarding Database entry learnt by
383           the kernel in seconds.</para>
384         </listitem>
385       </varlistentry>
386       <varlistentry>
387         <term><varname>ARPProxy=</varname></term>
388         <listitem>
389           <para>A boolean. When true, enables ARP proxy.</para>
390         </listitem>
391       </varlistentry>
392       <varlistentry>
393         <term><varname>L2MissNotification=</varname></term>
394         <listitem>
395           <para>A boolean. When true, enables netlink LLADDR miss
396           notifications.</para>
397         </listitem>
398       </varlistentry>
399       <varlistentry>
400         <term><varname>L3MissNotification=</varname></term>
401         <listitem>
402           <para>A boolean. When true, enables netlink IP ADDR miss
403           notifications.</para>
404         </listitem>
405       </varlistentry>
406       <varlistentry>
407         <term><varname>RouteShortCircuit=</varname></term>
408         <listitem>
409           <para>A boolean. When true route short circuit is turned
410           on.</para>
411         </listitem>
412       </varlistentry>
413     </variablelist>
414   </refsect1>
415   <refsect1>
416     <title>[Tunnel] Section Options</title>
417
418     <para>The <literal>[Tunnel]</literal> section only applies for
419     netdevs of kind
420     <literal>ipip</literal>,
421     <literal>sit</literal>,
422     <literal>gre</literal>,
423     <literal>gretap</literal>,
424     <literal>ip6gre</literal>,
425     <literal>ip6gretap</literal>,
426     <literal>vti</literal>, and
427     <literal>ip6tnl</literal> and accepts
428     the following keys:</para>
429
430     <variablelist class='network-directives'>
431       <varlistentry>
432         <term><varname>Local=</varname></term>
433         <listitem>
434           <para>A static local address for tunneled packets. It must
435           be an address on another interface of this host.</para>
436         </listitem>
437       </varlistentry>
438       <varlistentry>
439         <term><varname>Remote=</varname></term>
440         <listitem>
441           <para>The remote endpoint of the tunnel.</para>
442         </listitem>
443       </varlistentry>
444       <varlistentry>
445         <term><varname>TOS=</varname></term>
446         <listitem>
447           <para>The Type Of Service byte value for a tunnel interface.
448           For details about the TOS see the
449           <ulink url="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1349"> Type of
450           Service in the Internet Protocol Suite </ulink> document.
451           </para>
452         </listitem>
453       </varlistentry>
454       <varlistentry>
455         <term><varname>TTL=</varname></term>
456         <listitem>
457           <para>A fixed Time To Live N on tunneled packets. N is a
458           number in the range 1-255. 0 is a special value meaning that
459           packets inherit the TTL value. The default value for IPv4
460           tunnels is: inherit. The default value for IPv6 tunnels is:
461           64.</para>
462         </listitem>
463       </varlistentry>
464       <varlistentry>
465         <term><varname>DiscoverPathMTU=</varname></term>
466         <listitem>
467           <para>A boolean. When true, enables Path MTU Discovery on
468           the tunnel.</para>
469         </listitem>
470       </varlistentry>
471       <varlistentry>
472         <term><varname>Mode=</varname></term>
473         <listitem>
474           <para>An <literal>ip6tnl</literal> tunnels can have three
475           modes
476           <literal>ip6ip6</literal> for IPv6 over IPv6,
477           <literal>ipip6</literal> for IPv4 over IPv6 or
478           <literal>any</literal> for either.
479           </para>
480         </listitem>
481       </varlistentry>
482     </variablelist>
483   </refsect1>
484   <refsect1>
485     <title>[Peer] Section Options</title>
486
487       <para>The <literal>[Peer]</literal> section only applies for
488       netdevs of kind <literal>veth</literal> and accepts the
489       following key:</para>
490
491       <variablelist class='network-directives'>
492         <varlistentry>
493           <term><varname>Name=</varname></term>
494           <listitem>
495             <para>The interface name used when creating the netdev.
496             This option is compulsory.</para>
497           </listitem>
498         </varlistentry>
499         <varlistentry>
500           <term><varname>MACAddress=</varname></term>
501           <listitem>
502             <para>The peer MACAddress, if not set it is generated in
503             the same way as the MAC address of the main
504             interface.</para>
505           </listitem>
506         </varlistentry>
507       </variablelist>
508   </refsect1>
509   <refsect1>
510     <title>[Tun] Section Options</title>
511
512     <para>The <literal>[Tun]</literal> section only applies for
513     netdevs of kind <literal>tun</literal>, and accepts the following
514     keys:</para>
515
516     <variablelist class='network-directives'>
517       <varlistentry>
518         <term><varname>OneQueue=</varname></term>
519         <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. Configures whether
520         all packets are queued at the device (enabled), or a fixed
521         number of packets are queued at the device and the rest at the
522         <literal>qdisc</literal>. Defaults to
523         <literal>no</literal>.</para>
524         </listitem>
525       </varlistentry>
526       <varlistentry>
527         <term><varname>MultiQueue=</varname></term>
528         <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. Configures whether
529         to use multiple file descriptors (queues) to parallelize
530         packets sending and receiving. Defaults to
531         <literal>no</literal>.</para>
532         </listitem>
533       </varlistentry>
534       <varlistentry>
535         <term><varname>PacketInfo=</varname></term>
536         <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. Configures whether
537         packets should be prepened with four extra bytes (two flag
538         bytes and two protocol bytes). If disabled it indicates that
539         the packets will be pure IP packets. Defaults to
540         <literal>no</literal>.</para>
541         </listitem>
542       </varlistentry>
543       <varlistentry>
544         <term><varname>User=</varname></term>
545         <listitem><para>User to grant access to the
546         <filename>/dev/net/tun</filename> device.</para>
547         </listitem>
548       </varlistentry>
549       <varlistentry>
550         <term><varname>Group=</varname></term>
551         <listitem><para>Group to grant access to the
552         <filename>/dev/net/tun</filename> device.</para>
553         </listitem>
554       </varlistentry>
555
556     </variablelist>
557
558   </refsect1>
559
560   <refsect1>
561     <title>[Tap] Section Options</title>
562
563     <para>The <literal>[Tap]</literal> section only applies for
564     netdevs of kind <literal>tap</literal>, and accepts the same keys
565     as the <literal>[Tun]</literal> section.</para>
566   </refsect1>
567
568   <refsect1>
569     <title>[Bond] Section Options</title>
570
571     <para>The <literal>[Bond]</literal> section accepts the following
572     key:</para>
573
574     <variablelist class='network-directives'>
575       <varlistentry>
576         <term><varname>Mode=</varname></term>
577         <listitem>
578           <para>Specifies one of the bonding policies. The default is
579           <literal>balance-rr</literal> (round robin). Possible values are
580           <literal>balance-rr</literal>,
581           <literal>active-backup</literal>,
582           <literal>balance-xor</literal>,
583           <literal>broadcast</literal>,
584           <literal>802.3ad</literal>,
585           <literal>balance-tlb</literal>, and
586           <literal>balance-alb</literal>.
587           </para>
588         </listitem>
589       </varlistentry>
590
591       <varlistentry>
592         <term><varname>TransmitHashPolicy=</varname></term>
593         <listitem>
594           <para>Selects the transmit hash policy to use for slave
595           selection in balance-xor, 802.3ad, and tlb modes. Possible
596           values are
597           <literal>layer2</literal>,
598           <literal>layer3+4</literal>,
599           <literal>layer2+3</literal>,
600           <literal>encap2+3</literal>,
601           <literal>802.3ad</literal>, and
602           <literal>encap3+4</literal>.
603           </para>
604         </listitem>
605       </varlistentry>
606
607       <varlistentry>
608         <term><varname>LACPTransmitRate=</varname></term>
609         <listitem>
610           <para>Specifies the rate with which link partner transmits
611           Link Aggregation Control Protocol Data Unit packets in
612           802.3ad mode. Possible values are <literal>slow</literal>,
613           which requests partner to transmit LACPDUs every 30 seconds,
614           and <literal>fast</literal>, which requests partner to
615           transmit LACPDUs every second. The default value is
616           <literal>slow</literal>.</para>
617         </listitem>
618       </varlistentry>
619
620       <varlistentry>
621         <term><varname>MIIMonitorSec=</varname></term>
622         <listitem>
623           <para>Specifies the frequency that Media Independent
624           Interface link monitoring will occur. A value of zero
625           disables MII link monitoring. This values is rounded down to
626           the nearest millisecond. The default value is 0.</para>
627         </listitem>
628       </varlistentry>
629
630       <varlistentry>
631         <term><varname>UpDelaySec=</varname></term>
632         <listitem>
633           <para>Specifies the delay before a link is enabled after a
634           link up status has been detected. This value is rounded down
635           to a multiple of MIIMonitorSec. The default value is
636           0.</para>
637         </listitem>
638       </varlistentry>
639
640       <varlistentry>
641         <term><varname>DownDelaySec=</varname></term>
642         <listitem>
643           <para>Specifies the delay before a link is disabled after a
644           link down status has been detected. This value is rounded
645           down to a multiple of MIIMonitorSec. The default value is
646           0.</para>
647         </listitem>
648       </varlistentry>
649
650     </variablelist>
651   </refsect1>
652
653   <refsect1>
654     <title>Example</title>
655     <example>
656       <title>/etc/systemd/network/bridge.netdev</title>
657
658       <programlisting>[NetDev]
659 Name=bridge0
660 Kind=bridge</programlisting>
661     </example>
662
663     <example>
664       <title>/etc/systemd/network/vlan1.netdev</title>
665
666       <programlisting>[Match]
667 Virtualization=no
668
669 [NetDev]
670 Name=vlan1
671 Kind=vlan
672
673 [VLAN]
674 Id=1</programlisting>
675     </example>
676     <example>
677       <title>/etc/systemd/network/ipip.netdev</title>
678       <programlisting>[NetDev]
679 Name=ipip-tun
680 Kind=ipip
681 MTUBytes=1480
682
683 [Tunnel]
684 Local=192.168.223.238
685 Remote=192.169.224.239
686 TTL=64</programlisting>
687     </example>
688     <example>
689       <title>/etc/systemd/network/tap.netdev</title>
690       <programlisting>[NetDev]
691 Name=tap-test
692 Kind=tap
693
694 [Tap]
695 MultiQueue=true
696 PacketInfo=true</programlisting> </example>
697
698     <example>
699       <title>/etc/systemd/network/sit.netdev</title>
700       <programlisting>[NetDev]
701 Name=sit-tun
702 Kind=sit
703 MTUBytes=1480
704
705 [Tunnel]
706 Local=10.65.223.238
707 Remote=10.65.223.239</programlisting>
708     </example>
709
710     <example>
711       <title>/etc/systemd/network/gre.netdev</title>
712       <programlisting>[NetDev]
713 Name=gre-tun
714 Kind=gre
715 MTUBytes=1480
716
717 [Tunnel]
718 Local=10.65.223.238
719 Remote=10.65.223.239</programlisting>
720     </example>
721
722     <example>
723       <title>/etc/systemd/network/vti.netdev</title>
724
725       <programlisting>[NetDev]
726 Name=vti-tun
727 Kind=vti
728 MTUBytes=1480
729
730 [Tunnel]
731 Local=10.65.223.238
732 Remote=10.65.223.239</programlisting>
733     </example>
734
735     <example>
736       <title>/etc/systemd/network/veth.netdev</title>
737       <programlisting>[NetDev]
738 Name=veth-test
739 Kind=veth
740
741 [Peer]
742 Name=veth-peer</programlisting>
743     </example>
744
745     <example>
746       <title>/etc/systemd/network/dummy.netdev</title>
747       <programlisting>[NetDev]
748 Name=dummy-test
749 Kind=dummy
750 MACAddress=12:34:56:78:9a:bc</programlisting>
751     </example>
752
753   </refsect1>
754   <refsect1>
755     <title>See Also</title>
756     <para>
757       <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
758       <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
759       <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.link</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
760       <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.network</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
761     </para>
762   </refsect1>
763
764 </refentry>