3 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
7 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
8 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
9 action that crashes the box.
11 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
12 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
13 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
14 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
15 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
17 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
18 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
23 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
29 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
30 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
32 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
33 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
34 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
37 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
38 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
39 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
40 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
41 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
43 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
44 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
50 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
51 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
52 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
53 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
54 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
56 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
57 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
58 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
59 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
60 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
63 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
64 event device. Instead of:
65 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
67 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
69 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
71 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
73 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
74 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
75 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
76 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
77 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
78 no longer carry this property of a parent and
79 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
80 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
81 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
82 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
83 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
84 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
85 in most cases it will be empty.
87 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
88 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
89 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
90 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
91 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
92 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
93 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
95 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
96 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
97 no database file was created by udev.
99 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
100 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
101 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
105 Bugfixes and small improvements.
109 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
115 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
116 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
120 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
124 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
125 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
133 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
134 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
135 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
136 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
137 fix possibly broken rules.
141 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
142 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
143 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
144 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
148 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
149 also skipped optical IDE drives.
151 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
153 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
154 packaging process and not at build time.
156 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
157 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
158 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
159 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
160 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
164 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
165 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
167 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
168 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
169 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
171 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
172 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
176 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
178 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
182 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
183 events for the same device.
187 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
189 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
194 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
195 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
196 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
197 received the event for.
199 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
204 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
206 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
207 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
208 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
209 the end of the program name to prevent this.
210 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
211 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
212 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
216 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
217 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
218 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
219 included in a package.
221 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
222 the ignore rule was applied.
224 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
225 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
226 should be requested by their subsytem.
228 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
230 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
231 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
233 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
234 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
235 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
236 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
237 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
240 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
241 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
242 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
243 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
244 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
245 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
246 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
247 for changed parent chains.
251 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
252 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
254 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
255 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
257 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
258 to make %b simpler and working again.
262 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
263 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
264 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
265 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
266 change. They will be fixed immediately.
268 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
269 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
270 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
271 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
272 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
274 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
275 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
276 the sysfs "modalias" value.
278 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
282 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
284 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
285 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
287 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
288 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
292 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
293 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
294 mentioned on the hotplug list:
295 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
298 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
302 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
303 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
304 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
308 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
309 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
310 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
311 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
312 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
313 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
315 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
316 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
318 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
319 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
320 still private to udev and can change at any time.
322 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
323 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
324 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
325 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
327 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
328 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
329 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
332 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
333 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
334 before starting the daemon.
338 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
341 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
342 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
346 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
347 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
349 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
350 without any queuing now.
354 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
355 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
356 version of udev anymore.
360 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
361 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
362 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
363 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
364 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
366 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
367 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
368 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
369 device removal and the udev database will not work.
371 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
374 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
378 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
380 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
381 non-writable /tmp directory.
383 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
384 let's see who can break this again. :)
386 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
387 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
388 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
389 versions will _not_ create these devices!
393 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
398 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
399 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
400 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
401 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
402 export it to the filesystem.
406 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
407 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
412 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
413 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
414 available while we try to run external programs.
415 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
419 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
420 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
421 grab it from here. :)
425 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
427 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
428 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
429 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
433 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
435 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
437 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
438 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
443 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
447 Mostly a Bugfix release.
449 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
450 timing with custom rules.
454 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
455 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
457 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
458 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
459 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
461 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
469 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
470 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
471 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
472 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
474 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
475 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
476 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
478 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
479 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
480 bypass the driver core.
482 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
483 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
484 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
485 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
486 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
487 from a rule if needed:
488 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
489 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
490 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
491 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
492 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
493 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
495 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
496 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
497 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
498 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
500 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
501 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
502 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
504 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
505 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
506 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
507 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
508 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
510 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
511 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
512 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
513 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
516 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
517 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
518 to export the probed data in environment key format:
519 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
520 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
521 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
525 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
526 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
529 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
532 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
533 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
535 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
536 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
537 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
539 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
540 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
541 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
542 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
544 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
545 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
546 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
549 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
550 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
551 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
552 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
553 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
554 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
556 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
557 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
558 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
559 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
563 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
564 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
568 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
569 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
570 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
574 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
575 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
577 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
578 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
579 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
580 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
582 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
583 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
584 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
586 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
587 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
589 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
590 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
591 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
592 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
593 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
594 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
595 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
600 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
601 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
602 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
606 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
608 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
609 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
611 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
612 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
614 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
615 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
616 character class negations like:
617 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
618 this can now be replaced with:
620 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
621 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
623 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
626 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
627 with every forked event.