5 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
6 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
7 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
8 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
9 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
10 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
11 in etc/udev/packages/.
17 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
18 actions by dynamically created rules.
20 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
21 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
22 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
24 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
25 program and not record as a failed event.
31 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
37 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
38 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
39 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
40 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
41 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
43 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
44 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
45 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
47 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
48 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
54 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
55 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
56 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
57 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
58 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
60 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
61 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
67 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
77 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
78 from the udev package.
84 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
85 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
86 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
87 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
88 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
89 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
90 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
93 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
94 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
96 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
97 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
98 the devices we are looking for.
100 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
101 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
102 the same SCSI identifiers.
104 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
105 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
106 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
107 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
108 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
109 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
110 that run programs only for the matching events.
120 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
121 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
122 included in the match.
124 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
132 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
133 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
134 storage area of their music players.
138 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
142 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
143 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
144 action that crashes the box.
146 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
147 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
148 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
149 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
150 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
152 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
153 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
158 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
164 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
165 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
167 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
168 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
169 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
172 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
173 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
174 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
175 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
176 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
178 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
179 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
185 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
186 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
187 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
188 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
189 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
191 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
192 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
193 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
194 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
195 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
198 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
199 event device. Instead of:
200 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
202 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
204 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
206 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
208 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
209 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
210 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
211 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
212 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
213 no longer carry this property of a parent and
214 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
215 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
216 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
217 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
218 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
219 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
220 in most cases it will be empty.
222 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
223 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
224 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
225 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
226 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
227 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
228 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
230 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
231 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
232 no database file was created by udev.
234 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
235 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
236 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
240 Bugfixes and small improvements.
244 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
250 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
251 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
255 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
259 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
260 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
268 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
269 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
270 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
271 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
272 fix possibly broken rules.
276 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
277 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
278 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
279 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
283 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
284 also skipped optical IDE drives.
286 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
288 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
289 packaging process and not at build time.
291 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
292 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
293 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
294 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
295 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
299 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
300 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
302 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
303 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
304 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
306 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
307 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
311 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
313 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
317 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
318 events for the same device.
322 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
324 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
329 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
330 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
331 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
332 received the event for.
334 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
339 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
341 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
342 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
343 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
344 the end of the program name to prevent this.
345 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
346 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
347 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
351 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
352 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
353 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
354 included in a package.
356 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
357 the ignore rule was applied.
359 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
360 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
361 should be requested by their subsytem.
363 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
365 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
366 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
368 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
369 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
370 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
371 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
372 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
375 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
376 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
377 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
378 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
379 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
380 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
381 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
382 for changed parent chains.
386 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
387 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
389 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
390 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
392 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
393 to make %b simpler and working again.
397 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
398 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
399 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
400 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
401 change. They will be fixed immediately.
403 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
404 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
405 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
406 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
407 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
409 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
410 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
411 the sysfs "modalias" value.
413 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
417 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
419 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
420 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
422 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
423 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
427 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
428 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
429 mentioned on the hotplug list:
430 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
433 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
437 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
438 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
439 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
443 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
444 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
445 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
446 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
447 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
448 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
450 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
451 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
453 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
454 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
455 still private to udev and can change at any time.
457 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
458 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
459 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
460 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
462 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
463 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
464 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
467 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
468 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
469 before starting the daemon.
473 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
476 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
477 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
481 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
482 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
484 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
485 without any queuing now.
489 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
490 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
491 version of udev anymore.
495 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
496 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
497 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
498 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
499 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
501 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
502 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
503 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
504 device removal and the udev database will not work.
506 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
509 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
513 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
515 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
516 non-writable /tmp directory.
518 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
519 let's see who can break this again. :)
521 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
522 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
523 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
524 versions will _not_ create these devices!
528 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
533 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
534 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
535 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
536 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
537 export it to the filesystem.
541 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
542 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
547 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
548 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
549 available while we try to run external programs.
550 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
554 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
555 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
556 grab it from here. :)
560 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
562 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
563 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
564 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
568 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
570 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
572 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
573 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
578 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
582 Mostly a Bugfix release.
584 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
585 timing with custom rules.
589 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
590 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
592 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
593 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
594 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
596 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
604 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
605 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
606 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
607 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
609 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
610 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
611 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
613 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
614 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
615 bypass the driver core.
617 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
618 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
619 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
620 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
621 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
622 from a rule if needed:
623 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
624 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
625 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
626 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
627 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
628 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
630 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
631 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
632 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
633 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
635 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
636 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
637 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
639 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
640 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
641 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
642 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
643 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
645 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
646 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
647 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
648 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
651 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
652 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
653 to export the probed data in environment key format:
654 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
655 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
656 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
660 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
661 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
664 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
667 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
668 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
670 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
671 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
672 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
674 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
675 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
676 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
677 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
679 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
680 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
681 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
684 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
685 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
686 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
687 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
688 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
689 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
691 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
692 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
693 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
694 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
698 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
699 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
703 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
704 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
705 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
709 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
710 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
712 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
713 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
714 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
715 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
717 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
718 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
719 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
721 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
722 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
724 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
725 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
726 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
727 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
728 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
729 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
730 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
735 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
736 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
737 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
741 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
743 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
744 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
746 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
747 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
749 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
750 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
751 character class negations like:
752 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
753 this can now be replaced with:
755 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
756 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
758 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
761 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
762 with every forked event.