9 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
10 from the udev package.
16 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
17 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
18 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
19 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
20 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
21 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
22 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
25 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
26 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
28 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
29 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
30 the devices we are looking for.
32 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
33 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
34 the same SCSI identifiers.
36 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
37 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
38 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
39 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
40 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
41 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
42 that run programs only for the matching events.
52 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
53 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
54 included in the match.
56 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
64 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
65 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
66 storage area of their music players.
70 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
74 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
75 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
76 action that crashes the box.
78 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
79 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
80 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
81 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
82 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
84 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
85 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
90 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
96 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
97 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
99 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
100 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
101 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
104 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
105 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
106 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
107 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
108 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
110 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
111 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
117 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
118 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
119 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
120 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
121 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
123 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
124 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
125 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
126 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
127 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
130 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
131 event device. Instead of:
132 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
134 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
136 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
138 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
140 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
141 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
142 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
143 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
144 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
145 no longer carry this property of a parent and
146 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
147 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
148 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
149 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
150 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
151 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
152 in most cases it will be empty.
154 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
155 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
156 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
157 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
158 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
159 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
160 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
162 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
163 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
164 no database file was created by udev.
166 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
167 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
168 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
172 Bugfixes and small improvements.
176 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
182 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
183 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
187 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
191 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
192 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
200 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
201 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
202 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
203 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
204 fix possibly broken rules.
208 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
209 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
210 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
211 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
215 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
216 also skipped optical IDE drives.
218 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
220 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
221 packaging process and not at build time.
223 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
224 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
225 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
226 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
227 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
231 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
232 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
234 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
235 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
236 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
238 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
239 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
243 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
245 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
249 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
250 events for the same device.
254 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
256 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
261 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
262 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
263 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
264 received the event for.
266 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
271 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
273 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
274 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
275 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
276 the end of the program name to prevent this.
277 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
278 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
279 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
283 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
284 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
285 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
286 included in a package.
288 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
289 the ignore rule was applied.
291 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
292 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
293 should be requested by their subsytem.
295 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
297 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
298 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
300 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
301 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
302 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
303 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
304 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
307 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
308 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
309 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
310 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
311 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
312 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
313 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
314 for changed parent chains.
318 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
319 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
321 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
322 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
324 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
325 to make %b simpler and working again.
329 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
330 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
331 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
332 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
333 change. They will be fixed immediately.
335 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
336 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
337 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
338 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
339 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
341 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
342 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
343 the sysfs "modalias" value.
345 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
349 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
351 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
352 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
354 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
355 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
359 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
360 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
361 mentioned on the hotplug list:
362 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
365 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
369 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
370 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
371 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
375 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
376 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
377 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
378 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
379 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
380 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
382 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
383 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
385 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
386 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
387 still private to udev and can change at any time.
389 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
390 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
391 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
392 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
394 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
395 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
396 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
399 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
400 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
401 before starting the daemon.
405 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
408 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
409 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
413 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
414 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
416 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
417 without any queuing now.
421 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
422 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
423 version of udev anymore.
427 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
428 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
429 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
430 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
431 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
433 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
434 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
435 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
436 device removal and the udev database will not work.
438 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
441 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
445 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
447 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
448 non-writable /tmp directory.
450 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
451 let's see who can break this again. :)
453 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
454 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
455 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
456 versions will _not_ create these devices!
460 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
465 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
466 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
467 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
468 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
469 export it to the filesystem.
473 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
474 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
479 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
480 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
481 available while we try to run external programs.
482 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
486 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
487 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
488 grab it from here. :)
492 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
494 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
495 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
496 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
500 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
502 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
504 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
505 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
510 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
514 Mostly a Bugfix release.
516 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
517 timing with custom rules.
521 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
522 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
524 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
525 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
526 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
528 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
536 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
537 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
538 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
539 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
541 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
542 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
543 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
545 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
546 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
547 bypass the driver core.
549 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
550 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
551 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
552 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
553 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
554 from a rule if needed:
555 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
556 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
557 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
558 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
559 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
560 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
562 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
563 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
564 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
565 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
567 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
568 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
569 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
571 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
572 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
573 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
574 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
575 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
577 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
578 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
579 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
580 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
583 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
584 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
585 to export the probed data in environment key format:
586 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
587 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
588 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
592 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
593 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
596 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
599 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
600 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
602 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
603 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
604 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
606 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
607 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
608 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
609 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
611 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
612 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
613 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
616 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
617 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
618 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
619 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
620 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
621 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
623 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
624 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
625 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
626 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
630 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
631 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
635 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
636 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
637 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
641 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
642 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
644 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
645 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
646 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
647 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
649 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
650 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
651 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
653 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
654 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
656 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
657 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
658 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
659 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
660 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
661 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
662 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
667 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
668 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
669 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
673 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
675 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
676 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
678 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
679 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
681 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
682 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
683 character class negations like:
684 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
685 this can now be replaced with:
687 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
688 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
690 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
693 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
694 with every forked event.