13 New and fixed keymaps.
15 Install systemd service files if applicable.
21 All distribution specific rules are removed from the udev source tree,
22 most of them are no longer needed. The Gentoo rules which allow to support
23 older kernel versions, which are not covered by the default rules anymore
24 has moved to rules/misc/30-kernel-compat.rules.
30 The option --debug-trace and the environemnt variable UDEVD_MAX_CHILDS=
31 was removed from udevd.
33 Udevd now checks the kernel commandline for the following variables:
34 udev.log-priority=<syslog priority>
35 udev.children-max=<maximum number of workers>
36 udev.exec-delay=<seconds to delay the execution of RUN=>
37 to help debuging coldplug setups where the loading of a kernel
38 module crashes the system.
40 The subdirectory in the source tree rules/packages has been renamed to
41 rules/arch, anc contains only architecture specific rules now.
51 Now the udev daemon itself, does on startup:
52 - copy the content of /lib/udev/devices to /dev
53 - create the standard symlinks like /dev/std{in,out,err},
54 /dev/core, /dev/fd, ...
55 - use static node information provided by kernel modules
56 and creates these nodes to allow module on-demand loading
57 - possibly apply permissions to all ststic nodes from udev
58 rules which are annotated to match a static node
60 The default mode for a device node is 0600 now to match the kernel
61 created devtmpfs defaults. If GROUP= is specified and no MODE= is
62 given the default will be 0660.
68 Udev now gradually starts to pass control over the primary device nodes
69 and their names to the kernel, and will in the end only manage the
70 permissions of the node, and possibly create additional symlinks.
71 As a first step NAME="" will be ignored, and NAME= setings with names
72 other than the kernel provided name will result in a logged warning.
73 Kernels that don't provide device names, or devtmpfs is not used, will
74 still work as they did before, but it is strongly recommended to use
75 only the same names for the primary device node as the recent kernel
76 provides for all devices.
80 Fix broken firmware loader search path.
86 "udevadm trigger" defaults to "change" events now instead of "add"
87 events. The "udev boot script" might need to add "--action=add" to
88 the trigger command if not already there, in case the initial coldplug
89 events are expected as "add" events.
91 The option "all_partitons" was removed from udev. This should not be
92 needed for usual hardware. Udev can not safely make assumptions
93 about non-existing partition major/minor numbers, and therefore no
94 longer provide this unreliable and unsafe option.
96 The option "ignore_remove" was removed from udev. With devtmpfs
97 udev passed control over device nodes to the kernel. This option
98 should not be needed, or can not work as advertised. Neither
99 udev nor the kernel will remove device nodes which are copied from
100 the /lib/udev/devices/ directory.
102 All "add|change" matches are replaced by "!remove" in the rules and
103 in the udev logic. All types of events will update possible symlinks
104 and permissions, only "remove" is handled special now.
106 The modem modeswitch extra was removed and the external usb_modeswitch
107 program should be used instead.
109 New and fixed keymaps.
119 Kernels with SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y are not supported since a while. Many users
120 depend on the current sysfs layout and the information not available in the
121 deprecated layout. All remaining support for the deprecated sysfs layout is
126 Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.
132 The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
133 ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
134 It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
135 inconsistent behavior in current setups.
137 BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
138 ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
141 The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
142 default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
143 need to add the rules to the compat rules file.
145 The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
146 set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
147 determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
148 can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
149 checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
150 ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".
156 To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
157 private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
158 private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
159 Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
160 is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
163 Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
164 only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
165 This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.
167 NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
168 It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
171 Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
172 if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
173 be added to the compat rules file.
175 Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
176 the udevadm commands.
178 The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
181 The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
182 things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
183 that something needs to be fixed properly instead.
185 The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
186 G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
187 is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
188 information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.
194 The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
195 a while by "--type=failed" is removed.
197 The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
198 option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
199 default is not to track any failing RUN executions.
201 New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.
205 Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
206 changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.
212 Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
213 name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
214 exported with the event.
216 Firmware files are looked up in:
217 /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
218 /lib/firmware/updates
219 /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
223 ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
224 ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.
230 The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
231 installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
232 libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
235 Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
236 the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
237 cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
238 After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
239 future events, all others get cleaned up.
241 To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
242 Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.
244 The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
245 no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
246 accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.
248 Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
249 incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.
251 To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
252 build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
254 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
256 The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
257 udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
258 they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.
264 The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
265 repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
266 package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
267 util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
268 can not be used with udev.
270 Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
271 to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
272 installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
273 match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
274 This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
275 users over to directly use libudev.
276 Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
277 eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
278 interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
281 A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
282 is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
283 startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
284 services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
285 format will fail to work correctly.
287 DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
288 need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
295 The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
296 provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
297 the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
298 upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
305 "udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
306 instead of waiting for "all" events.
312 The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
313 during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
314 rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
315 event handling the watch is restored.
321 Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
322 If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
323 /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.
329 The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
330 are always updated with a test run now.
332 The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
333 and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
334 lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
340 We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
341 and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
342 device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
343 we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
345 disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
346 LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
347 bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
349 Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
350 to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
351 compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
352 various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
354 In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
355 of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
356 which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
357 session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
358 and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
359 A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
360 access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
361 to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
362 any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
364 /dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
365 which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
366 devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
367 USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
368 name in the by-id/ directory.
369 Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
370 and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
371 specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
372 USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
374 To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
375 version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
376 supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
377 reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
378 the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
384 Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
391 The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
395 Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
396 block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
397 and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
398 this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
399 it should be disabled in the kernel config.
401 Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
402 are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
403 create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
405 The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
406 contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
407 new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
408 a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
411 The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
412 rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
413 modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
414 modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
415 Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
416 udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
418 Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
419 stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
420 and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
421 will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
422 mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
423 file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
424 in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
425 to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
426 This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
427 it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
428 the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
429 volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
434 Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
435 compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
439 Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
441 The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
442 array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
443 featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
444 Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
445 other keys per rule are gone.
447 The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
448 a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
449 for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
450 assignment with NAME:="<value>".
452 All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
453 is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
454 may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
456 Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
457 optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
463 Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
464 /sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
465 kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
466 /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
467 and the device node of the same device by looking up:
468 /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
472 Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
473 file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
476 Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
477 Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
478 so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
480 More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
483 udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
484 for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
485 --retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
491 The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
492 the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
493 option which is not affected.
495 The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
496 these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
502 Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
503 reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
504 Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
507 The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
508 some deprecated functions are removed.
510 A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
511 to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
512 need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
514 The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
515 expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
520 We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
523 "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
525 "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
529 "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
530 multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
532 compile-in verbose debug messages
534 disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
536 link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
539 In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
540 of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
541 distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
543 No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
544 they should be provided by the package.
550 Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
551 be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
552 the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
554 /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
555 /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
556 /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
557 It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
560 To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
561 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
564 In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
565 the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
566 format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
571 Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
577 Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
578 nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
584 The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
587 The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
588 SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
589 data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
590 we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
596 The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
597 detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
598 media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
599 udev (and the kernel).
605 The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
607 The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
608 udevtest are no longer created.
610 The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
613 Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
614 should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
625 Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
626 a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
632 All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
633 The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
634 Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
635 the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
636 only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
638 Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
639 udevadm in the list of files.
649 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
650 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
651 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
652 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
653 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
654 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
655 in etc/udev/packages/.
661 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
662 actions by dynamically created rules.
664 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
665 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
666 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
668 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
669 program and not record as a failed event.
675 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
681 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
682 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
683 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
684 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
685 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
687 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
688 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
689 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
691 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
692 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
698 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
699 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
700 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
701 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
702 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
704 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
705 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
711 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
721 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
722 from the udev package.
728 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
729 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
730 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
731 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
732 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
733 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
734 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
737 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
738 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
740 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
741 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
742 the devices we are looking for.
744 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
745 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
746 the same SCSI identifiers.
748 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
749 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
750 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
751 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
752 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
753 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
754 that run programs only for the matching events.
764 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
765 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
766 included in the match.
768 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
776 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
777 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
778 storage area of their music players.
782 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
786 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
787 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
788 action that crashes the box.
790 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
791 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
792 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
793 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
794 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
796 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
797 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
802 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
808 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
809 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
811 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
812 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
813 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
816 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
817 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
818 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
819 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
820 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
822 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
823 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
829 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
830 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
831 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
832 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
833 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
835 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
836 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
837 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
838 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
839 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
842 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
843 event device. Instead of:
844 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
846 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
848 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
850 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
852 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
853 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
854 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
855 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
856 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
857 no longer carry this property of a parent and
858 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
859 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
860 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
861 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
862 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
863 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
864 in most cases it will be empty.
866 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
867 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
868 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
869 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
870 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
871 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
872 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
874 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
875 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
876 no database file was created by udev.
878 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
879 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
880 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
884 Bugfixes and small improvements.
888 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
894 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
895 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
899 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
903 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
904 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
912 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
913 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
914 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
915 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
916 fix possibly broken rules.
920 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
921 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
922 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
923 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
927 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
928 also skipped optical IDE drives.
930 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
932 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
933 packaging process and not at build time.
935 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
936 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
937 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
938 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
939 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
943 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
944 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
946 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
947 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
948 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
950 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
951 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
955 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
957 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
961 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
962 events for the same device.
966 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
968 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
973 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
974 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
975 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
976 received the event for.
978 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
983 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
985 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
986 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
987 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
988 the end of the program name to prevent this.
989 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
990 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
991 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
995 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
996 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
997 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
998 included in a package.
1000 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
1001 the ignore rule was applied.
1003 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
1004 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
1005 should be requested by their subsytem.
1007 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
1009 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
1010 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
1012 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
1013 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
1014 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
1015 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
1016 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
1019 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
1020 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
1021 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
1022 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
1023 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
1024 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
1025 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
1026 for changed parent chains.
1030 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
1031 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
1033 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
1034 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
1036 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
1037 to make %b simpler and working again.
1041 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
1042 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
1043 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
1044 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
1045 change. They will be fixed immediately.
1047 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
1048 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
1049 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
1050 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
1051 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
1053 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
1054 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
1055 the sysfs "modalias" value.
1057 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
1061 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
1063 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
1064 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
1066 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
1067 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
1071 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
1072 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
1073 mentioned on the hotplug list:
1074 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
1077 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
1081 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
1082 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
1083 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
1087 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
1088 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
1089 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
1090 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
1091 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
1092 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
1094 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
1095 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
1097 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
1098 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
1099 still private to udev and can change at any time.
1101 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
1102 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
1103 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
1104 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
1106 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
1107 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
1108 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
1111 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
1112 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
1113 before starting the daemon.
1117 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
1120 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
1121 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
1125 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
1126 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
1128 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
1129 without any queuing now.
1133 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
1134 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
1135 version of udev anymore.
1139 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
1140 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
1141 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
1142 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
1143 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
1145 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
1146 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
1147 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
1148 device removal and the udev database will not work.
1150 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
1153 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
1157 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
1159 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
1160 non-writable /tmp directory.
1162 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
1163 let's see who can break this again. :)
1165 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
1166 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
1167 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
1168 versions will _not_ create these devices!
1172 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
1177 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
1178 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
1179 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
1180 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
1181 export it to the filesystem.
1185 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
1186 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
1191 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
1192 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
1193 available while we try to run external programs.
1194 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
1198 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
1199 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
1200 grab it from here. :)
1204 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
1206 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
1207 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
1208 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
1212 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
1214 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
1216 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
1217 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
1222 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
1226 Mostly a Bugfix release.
1228 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
1229 timing with custom rules.
1233 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
1234 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
1236 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
1237 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
1238 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
1240 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
1248 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
1249 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
1250 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
1251 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
1253 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
1254 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
1255 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
1257 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
1258 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
1259 bypass the driver core.
1261 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
1262 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
1263 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
1264 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
1265 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
1266 from a rule if needed:
1267 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
1268 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
1269 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
1270 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
1271 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
1272 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
1274 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
1275 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
1276 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
1277 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
1279 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
1280 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
1281 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
1283 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
1284 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
1285 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
1286 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
1287 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
1289 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
1290 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
1291 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
1292 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
1295 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
1296 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
1297 to export the probed data in environment key format:
1298 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
1299 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
1300 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
1301 ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA
1303 The following rules:
1304 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
1305 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
1308 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
1311 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
1312 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
1314 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
1315 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
1316 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
1318 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
1319 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
1320 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
1321 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
1323 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
1324 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
1325 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
1328 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
1329 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
1330 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
1331 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
1332 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
1333 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
1335 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
1336 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
1337 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
1338 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
1342 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
1343 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
1347 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
1348 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
1349 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
1353 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
1354 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
1356 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
1357 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
1358 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
1359 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
1361 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
1362 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
1363 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
1365 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
1366 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
1368 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
1369 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
1370 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
1371 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
1372 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
1373 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
1374 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
1379 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
1380 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
1381 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
1385 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
1387 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
1388 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
1390 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
1391 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
1393 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
1394 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
1395 character class negations like:
1396 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
1397 this can now be replaced with:
1399 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
1400 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
1402 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
1405 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
1406 with every forked event.