9 Persistent network naming rules are disabled inside of Qemu/KVM now.
11 New and updated keymaps.
13 Udev gets unconditionally enabled on systemd installations now. There
14 is no longer the need to to run 'systemctl enable udev.service'.
28 New and fixed keymaps.
30 Install systemd service files if applicable.
36 All distribution specific rules are removed from the udev source tree,
37 most of them are no longer needed. The Gentoo rules which allow to support
38 older kernel versions, which are not covered by the default rules anymore
39 has moved to rules/misc/30-kernel-compat.rules.
45 The option --debug-trace and the environemnt variable UDEVD_MAX_CHILDS=
46 was removed from udevd.
48 Udevd now checks the kernel commandline for the following variables:
49 udev.log-priority=<syslog priority>
50 udev.children-max=<maximum number of workers>
51 udev.exec-delay=<seconds to delay the execution of RUN=>
52 to help debuging coldplug setups where the loading of a kernel
53 module crashes the system.
55 The subdirectory in the source tree rules/packages has been renamed to
56 rules/arch, anc contains only architecture specific rules now.
66 Now the udev daemon itself, does on startup:
67 - copy the content of /lib/udev/devices to /dev
68 - create the standard symlinks like /dev/std{in,out,err},
69 /dev/core, /dev/fd, ...
70 - use static node information provided by kernel modules
71 and creates these nodes to allow module on-demand loading
72 - possibly apply permissions to all ststic nodes from udev
73 rules which are annotated to match a static node
75 The default mode for a device node is 0600 now to match the kernel
76 created devtmpfs defaults. If GROUP= is specified and no MODE= is
77 given the default will be 0660.
83 Udev now gradually starts to pass control over the primary device nodes
84 and their names to the kernel, and will in the end only manage the
85 permissions of the node, and possibly create additional symlinks.
86 As a first step NAME="" will be ignored, and NAME= setings with names
87 other than the kernel provided name will result in a logged warning.
88 Kernels that don't provide device names, or devtmpfs is not used, will
89 still work as they did before, but it is strongly recommended to use
90 only the same names for the primary device node as the recent kernel
91 provides for all devices.
95 Fix broken firmware loader search path.
101 "udevadm trigger" defaults to "change" events now instead of "add"
102 events. The "udev boot script" might need to add "--action=add" to
103 the trigger command if not already there, in case the initial coldplug
104 events are expected as "add" events.
106 The option "all_partitons" was removed from udev. This should not be
107 needed for usual hardware. Udev can not safely make assumptions
108 about non-existing partition major/minor numbers, and therefore no
109 longer provide this unreliable and unsafe option.
111 The option "ignore_remove" was removed from udev. With devtmpfs
112 udev passed control over device nodes to the kernel. This option
113 should not be needed, or can not work as advertised. Neither
114 udev nor the kernel will remove device nodes which are copied from
115 the /lib/udev/devices/ directory.
117 All "add|change" matches are replaced by "!remove" in the rules and
118 in the udev logic. All types of events will update possible symlinks
119 and permissions, only "remove" is handled special now.
121 The modem modeswitch extra was removed and the external usb_modeswitch
122 program should be used instead.
124 New and fixed keymaps.
134 Kernels with SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y are not supported since a while. Many users
135 depend on the current sysfs layout and the information not available in the
136 deprecated layout. All remaining support for the deprecated sysfs layout is
141 Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.
147 The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
148 ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
149 It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
150 inconsistent behavior in current setups.
152 BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
153 ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
156 The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
157 default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
158 need to add the rules to the compat rules file.
160 The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
161 set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
162 determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
163 can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
164 checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
165 ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".
171 To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
172 private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
173 private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
174 Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
175 is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
178 Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
179 only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
180 This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.
182 NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
183 It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
186 Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
187 if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
188 be added to the compat rules file.
190 Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
191 the udevadm commands.
193 The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
196 The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
197 things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
198 that something needs to be fixed properly instead.
200 The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
201 G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
202 is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
203 information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.
209 The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
210 a while by "--type=failed" is removed.
212 The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
213 option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
214 default is not to track any failing RUN executions.
216 New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.
220 Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
221 changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.
227 Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
228 name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
229 exported with the event.
231 Firmware files are looked up in:
232 /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
233 /lib/firmware/updates
234 /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
238 ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
239 ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.
245 The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
246 installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
247 libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
250 Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
251 the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
252 cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
253 After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
254 future events, all others get cleaned up.
256 To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
257 Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.
259 The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
260 no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
261 accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.
263 Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
264 incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.
266 To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
267 build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
269 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
271 The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
272 udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
273 they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.
279 The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
280 repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
281 package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
282 util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
283 can not be used with udev.
285 Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
286 to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
287 installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
288 match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
289 This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
290 users over to directly use libudev.
291 Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
292 eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
293 interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
296 A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
297 is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
298 startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
299 services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
300 format will fail to work correctly.
302 DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
303 need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
310 The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
311 provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
312 the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
313 upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
320 "udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
321 instead of waiting for "all" events.
327 The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
328 during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
329 rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
330 event handling the watch is restored.
336 Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
337 If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
338 /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.
344 The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
345 are always updated with a test run now.
347 The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
348 and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
349 lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
355 We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
356 and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
357 device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
358 we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
360 disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
361 LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
362 bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
364 Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
365 to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
366 compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
367 various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
369 In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
370 of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
371 which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
372 session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
373 and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
374 A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
375 access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
376 to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
377 any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
379 /dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
380 which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
381 devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
382 USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
383 name in the by-id/ directory.
384 Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
385 and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
386 specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
387 USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
389 To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
390 version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
391 supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
392 reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
393 the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
399 Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
406 The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
410 Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
411 block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
412 and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
413 this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
414 it should be disabled in the kernel config.
416 Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
417 are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
418 create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
420 The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
421 contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
422 new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
423 a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
426 The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
427 rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
428 modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
429 modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
430 Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
431 udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
433 Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
434 stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
435 and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
436 will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
437 mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
438 file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
439 in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
440 to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
441 This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
442 it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
443 the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
444 volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
449 Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
450 compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
454 Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
456 The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
457 array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
458 featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
459 Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
460 other keys per rule are gone.
462 The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
463 a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
464 for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
465 assignment with NAME:="<value>".
467 All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
468 is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
469 may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
471 Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
472 optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
478 Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
479 /sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
480 kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
481 /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
482 and the device node of the same device by looking up:
483 /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
487 Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
488 file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
491 Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
492 Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
493 so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
495 More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
498 udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
499 for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
500 --retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
506 The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
507 the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
508 option which is not affected.
510 The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
511 these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
517 Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
518 reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
519 Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
522 The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
523 some deprecated functions are removed.
525 A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
526 to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
527 need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
529 The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
530 expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
535 We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
538 "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
540 "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
544 "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
545 multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
547 compile-in verbose debug messages
549 disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
551 link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
554 In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
555 of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
556 distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
558 No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
559 they should be provided by the package.
565 Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
566 be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
567 the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
569 /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
570 /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
571 /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
572 It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
575 To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
576 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
579 In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
580 the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
581 format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
586 Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
592 Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
593 nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
599 The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
602 The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
603 SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
604 data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
605 we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
611 The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
612 detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
613 media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
614 udev (and the kernel).
620 The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
622 The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
623 udevtest are no longer created.
625 The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
628 Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
629 should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
640 Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
641 a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
647 All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
648 The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
649 Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
650 the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
651 only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
653 Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
654 udevadm in the list of files.
664 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
665 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
666 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
667 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
668 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
669 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
670 in etc/udev/packages/.
676 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
677 actions by dynamically created rules.
679 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
680 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
681 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
683 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
684 program and not record as a failed event.
690 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
696 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
697 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
698 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
699 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
700 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
702 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
703 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
704 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
706 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
707 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
713 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
714 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
715 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
716 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
717 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
719 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
720 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
726 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
736 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
737 from the udev package.
743 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
744 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
745 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
746 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
747 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
748 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
749 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
752 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
753 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
755 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
756 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
757 the devices we are looking for.
759 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
760 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
761 the same SCSI identifiers.
763 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
764 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
765 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
766 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
767 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
768 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
769 that run programs only for the matching events.
779 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
780 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
781 included in the match.
783 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
791 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
792 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
793 storage area of their music players.
797 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
801 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
802 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
803 action that crashes the box.
805 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
806 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
807 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
808 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
809 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
811 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
812 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
817 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
823 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
824 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
826 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
827 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
828 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
831 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
832 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
833 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
834 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
835 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
837 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
838 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
844 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
845 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
846 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
847 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
848 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
850 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
851 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
852 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
853 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
854 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
857 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
858 event device. Instead of:
859 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
861 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
863 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
865 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
867 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
868 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
869 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
870 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
871 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
872 no longer carry this property of a parent and
873 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
874 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
875 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
876 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
877 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
878 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
879 in most cases it will be empty.
881 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
882 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
883 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
884 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
885 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
886 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
887 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
889 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
890 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
891 no database file was created by udev.
893 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
894 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
895 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
899 Bugfixes and small improvements.
903 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
909 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
910 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
914 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
918 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
919 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
927 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
928 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
929 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
930 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
931 fix possibly broken rules.
935 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
936 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
937 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
938 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
942 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
943 also skipped optical IDE drives.
945 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
947 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
948 packaging process and not at build time.
950 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
951 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
952 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
953 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
954 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
958 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
959 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
961 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
962 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
963 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
965 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
966 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
970 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
972 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
976 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
977 events for the same device.
981 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
983 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
988 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
989 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
990 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
991 received the event for.
993 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
998 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
1000 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
1001 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
1002 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
1003 the end of the program name to prevent this.
1004 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
1005 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
1006 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
1010 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
1011 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
1012 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
1013 included in a package.
1015 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
1016 the ignore rule was applied.
1018 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
1019 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
1020 should be requested by their subsytem.
1022 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
1024 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
1025 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
1027 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
1028 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
1029 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
1030 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
1031 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
1034 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
1035 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
1036 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
1037 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
1038 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
1039 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
1040 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
1041 for changed parent chains.
1045 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
1046 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
1048 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
1049 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
1051 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
1052 to make %b simpler and working again.
1056 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
1057 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
1058 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
1059 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
1060 change. They will be fixed immediately.
1062 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
1063 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
1064 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
1065 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
1066 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
1068 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
1069 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
1070 the sysfs "modalias" value.
1072 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
1076 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
1078 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
1079 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
1081 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
1082 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
1086 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
1087 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
1088 mentioned on the hotplug list:
1089 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
1092 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
1096 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
1097 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
1098 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
1102 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
1103 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
1104 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
1105 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
1106 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
1107 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
1109 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
1110 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
1112 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
1113 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
1114 still private to udev and can change at any time.
1116 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
1117 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
1118 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
1119 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
1121 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
1122 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
1123 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
1126 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
1127 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
1128 before starting the daemon.
1132 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
1135 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
1136 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
1140 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
1141 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
1143 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
1144 without any queuing now.
1148 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
1149 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
1150 version of udev anymore.
1154 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
1155 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
1156 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
1157 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
1158 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
1160 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
1161 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
1162 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
1163 device removal and the udev database will not work.
1165 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
1168 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
1172 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
1174 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
1175 non-writable /tmp directory.
1177 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
1178 let's see who can break this again. :)
1180 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
1181 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
1182 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
1183 versions will _not_ create these devices!
1187 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
1192 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
1193 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
1194 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
1195 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
1196 export it to the filesystem.
1200 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
1201 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
1206 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
1207 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
1208 available while we try to run external programs.
1209 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
1213 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
1214 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
1215 grab it from here. :)
1219 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
1221 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
1222 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
1223 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
1227 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
1229 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
1231 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
1232 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
1237 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
1241 Mostly a Bugfix release.
1243 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
1244 timing with custom rules.
1248 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
1249 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
1251 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
1252 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
1253 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
1255 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
1263 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
1264 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
1265 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
1266 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
1268 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
1269 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
1270 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
1272 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
1273 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
1274 bypass the driver core.
1276 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
1277 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
1278 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
1279 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
1280 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
1281 from a rule if needed:
1282 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
1283 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
1284 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
1285 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
1286 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
1287 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
1289 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
1290 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
1291 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
1292 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
1294 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
1295 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
1296 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
1298 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
1299 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
1300 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
1301 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
1302 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
1304 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
1305 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
1306 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
1307 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
1310 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
1311 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
1312 to export the probed data in environment key format:
1313 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
1314 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
1315 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
1316 ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA
1318 The following rules:
1319 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
1320 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
1323 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
1326 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
1327 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
1329 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
1330 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
1331 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
1333 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
1334 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
1335 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
1336 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
1338 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
1339 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
1340 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
1343 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
1344 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
1345 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
1346 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
1347 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
1348 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
1350 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
1351 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
1352 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
1353 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
1357 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
1358 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
1362 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
1363 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
1364 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
1368 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
1369 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
1371 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
1372 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
1373 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
1374 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
1376 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
1377 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
1378 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
1380 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
1381 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
1383 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
1384 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
1385 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
1386 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
1387 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
1388 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
1389 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
1394 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
1395 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
1396 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
1400 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
1402 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
1403 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
1405 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
1406 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
1408 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
1409 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
1410 character class negations like:
1411 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
1412 this can now be replaced with:
1414 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
1415 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
1417 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
1420 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
1421 with every forked event.