\begin{figure} \centering
\parbox{10pt}{\begin{tabbing}
- @|c-type| \\ \ind
- @|qualifiable-c-type| \\ \ind
- @|simple-c-type| \\ \ind
- @|c-class-type| \- \\
- @|tagged-c-type| \\ \ind
- @|c-struct-type| \\
- @|c-union-type| \\
- @|c-enum-type| \- \\
- @|c-pointer-type| \- \\
- @|c-array-type| \\
- @|c-function-type|
+ @|c-type| \\ \ind
+ @|qualifiable-c-type| \\ \ind
+ @|simple-c-type| \\ \ind
+ @|c-class-type| \-\\
+ @|tagged-c-type| \\ \ind
+ @|c-struct-type| \\
+ @|c-union-type| \\
+ @|c-enum-type| \-\\
+ @|c-atomic-type| \\
+ @|c-pointer-type| \-\\
+ @|c-array-type| \\
+ @|c-function-type| \\ \ind
+ @|c-keyword-function-type| \-
\end{tabbing}}
\caption{Classes representing C types}
\label{fig:codegen.c-types.classes}
\end{describe}
\begin{describe}{mac}
- {defctype \=@{ @<name> @! (@<name>^+) @} @<type-spec> \+ \\
- @[[ @|:export| @<export-flag> @]]^* \-
- \nlret @<names>}
+ {defctype \=@{ @<name> @! (@<name>^+) @} @<type-spec> \+\\
+ @[[ @|:export| @<export-flag> @]]^*
+ \-\nlret @<names>}
Defines a new symbolic type specifier @<name>; if a list of @<name>s is
given, then all are defined in the same way. The type constructed by using
any of the @<name>s is as described by the type specifier @<type-spec>.
\end{describe}
\begin{describe}{mac}
- {define-c-type-syntax @<name> @<lambda-list> \\ \ind
- @[[ @<declaration>^* @! @<doc-string> @]] \\
- @<form>^* \-
- \nlret @<name>}
+ {define-c-type-syntax @<name> @<lambda-list> \\ \ind
+ @[[ @<declaration>^* @! @<doc-string> @]] \\
+ @<form>^*
+ \-\nlret @<name>}
Defines the symbol @<name> as a new type operator. When a list of the form
@|(@<name> @<argument>^*)| is used as a type specifier, the @<argument>s
are bound to fresh variables according to @<lambda-list> (a destructuring
type specifiers among its arguments.
\end{describe}
-\begin{describe}{fun}{expand-c-type-spec @<type-spec> @> @<form>}
+\begin{describe}{gf}{expand-c-type-spec @<type-spec> @> @<form>}
Returns the Lisp form that @|(c-type @<type-spec>)| would expand into.
+
+ If @<type-spec> is a list, then \descref{expand-c-type-form}{fun} is
+ invoked.
+\end{describe}
+
+\begin{describe}{gf}{expand-c-type-form @<head> @<tail> @> @<form>}
+ Returns the Lisp form that @|(c-type (@<head> . @<tail>)| would expand
+ into.
\end{describe}
\begin{describe}{gf}
\subsection{Type qualifiers and qualifiable types}
\label{sec:clang.ctypes.qual}
+Qualifiers -- @|const|, @|volatile|, and so on -- are represented as lists of
+keywords attached to types. Not all C types can carry qualifiers: notably,
+function and array types cannot be qualified.
+
+For the most part, the C qualifier keywords correspond to like-named Lisp
+keywords, only the Lisp keyword names are in uppercase. The correspondence
+is shown in \xref{tab:clang.ctypes.qual}.
+
+\begin{table}
+ \begin{tabular}[C]{*2{>{\codeface}l}l} \hlx*{hv}
+ \thd{\textbf{C name}} & \thd{\textbf{Lisp name}} \\ \hlx{vhv}
+ _Atomic & :atomic \\
+ const & :const \\
+ restrict & :restrict \\
+ volatile & :volatile \\ \hlx*{vh}
+ \end{tabular}
+ \caption{C and Lisp qualifier names} \label{tab:clang.ctypes.qual}
+\end{table}
+
+The default behaviour, on output, is to convert keywords to lowercase and
+hope for the best: special cases can be dealt with by adding appropriate
+methods to \descref{c-qualifier-keyword}{gf}.
+
\begin{describe}{cls}{qualifiable-c-type (c-type) \&key :qualifiers}
The class @|qualifiable-c-type| describes C types which can bear
`qualifiers' (\Cplusplus\ calls them `cv-qualifiers'): @|const|,
non-null then the final character of the returned string will be a space.
\end{describe}
+\begin{describe}{gf}{c-qualifier-keyword @<qualifier> @> @<string>}
+ Return, as a string, the C keyword corresponding to the Lisp @<qualifier>.
+
+ There is a standard method, which deals with many qualifiers. Additional
+ methods exist for qualifier keywords which need special handling, such as
+ @|:atomic|; they are not listed here explicitly.
+
+ \begin{describe}{meth}{c-qualifier-keyword @<keyword> @> @<string>}
+ Returns the @<keyword>'s print-name, in lower case. This is sufficient
+ for the standard qualifiers @|:const|, @|:restrict|, and @|:volatile|.
+ \end{describe}
+\end{describe}
+
+\begin{describe}{fun}{c-type-qualifier-keywords @<c-type> @> @<list>}
+ Return the @<c-type>'s qualifiers, as a list of C keyword names.
+\end{describe}
+
+
+\subsection{Storage specifiers} \label{sec:clang.ctypes.specs}
+
+Some declaration specifiers, mostly to do with how to store the specific
+object in question, are determinedly `top level', and, unlike qualifiers,
+don't stay attached to the base type when acted on by declarator operators.
+Sod calls these `storage specifiers', though no such category exists in the C
+standard. They have their own protocol, which is similar in many ways to
+that of C types.
+
+Every Lisp keyword is potentially a storage specifier, which simply maps to
+its lower-case print name in C; but other storage specifiers may be more
+complicated objects.
+
+\begin{describe}{cls}
+ {c-storage-specifiers-type (c-type) \&key :subtype :specifiers}
+ A type which carries storage specifiers. The @<subtype> is the actual
+ type, and may be any C type; the @<specifiers> are a list of
+ storage-specifier objects.
+
+ The type specifier @|(specs @<subtype> @<specifier>^*)| wraps the
+ @<subtype> in a @|c-storage-specifiers-type|, carrying the @<specifier>s,
+ which are a list of storage specifiers in S-expression notation.
+\end{describe}
+
+\begin{describe}{fun}{c-type-specifiers @<type> @> @<list>}
+ Returns the list of type specifiers attached to the @<type> object, which
+ must be a @|c-storage-specifiers-type|.
+\end{describe}
+
+\begin{describe}{mac}
+ {define-c-storage-specifier-syntax @<name> @<lambda-list> \\ \ind
+ @[[ @<declaration>^* @! @<doc-string> @]] \\
+ @<form>^* \-
+ \nlret @<name>}
+
+ Defines the symbol @<name> as a new storage-specifier operator. When a
+ list of the form @|(@<name> @<argument>^*)| is used as a storage specifier,
+ the @<argument>s are bound to fresh variables according to the
+ @<lambda-list> (a destructuring lambda-list) and the @<form>s evaluated in
+ order in the resulting lexical environment as an implicit @<progn>. The
+ value should be a Lisp form which will evaluate to the storage-specifier
+ object described by the arguments.
+
+ The @<form>s may call @|expand-c-storage-specifier| in order to recursively
+ expand storage specifiers among its arguments.
+\end{describe}
+
+\begin{describe}{gf}{expand-c-storage-specifier @<spec> @> @<form>}
+ Returns the Lisp form that @<spec> expands to within @|(c-type (specs
+ @<subtype> @<spec>))|.
+
+ If @<spec> is a list, then \descref{expand-c-storage-specifier-form} is
+ invoked.
+\end{describe}
+
+\begin{describe}{gf}{expand-c-storage-specifier-form @<spec> @> @<form>}
+ Returns the Lisp form that @|(@<head> . @<tail>)| expands to within
+ @|(c-type (specs @<subtype> (@<head> . @<tail>)))|.
+\end{describe}
+
+\begin{describe}{gf}{pprint-c-storage-specifier @<spec> @<stream>}
+\end{describe}
+
+\begin{describe}{gf}
+ {print-c-storage-specifier @<stream> @<spec>
+ \&optional @<colon> @<atsign>}
+\end{describe}
+
+\begin{describe}{fun}{wrap-c-type @<func> @<base-type> @> @<c-type>}
+ Apply @<func> to the underlying C type of @<base-type> to create a new
+ `wrapped' type, and attach the storage specifiers of @<base-type> to the
+ wrapped type.
+
+ If @<base-type> is \emph{not} a @|c-storage-specifiers-type|, then return
+ @|(funcall @<func> @<base-type>)|. Otherwise, return a new
+ @|c-storage-specifiers-type|, with the same specifiers, but whose subtype
+ is the result of applying @<func> to the subtype of the original
+ @<base-type>.
+\end{describe}
+
+\begin{describe}{cls}{alignas-storage-specifier () \&key :alignment}
+ The class of @|_Alignas| storage specifiers; an instance denotes the
+ specifier @|_Alignas(@<alignment>)|. The @<alignment> parameter may be any
+ printable object, but is usually a string or C fragment.
+
+ The storage specifier form @|(alignas @<alignment>)| returns a storage
+ specifier @|_Alignas(@<alignment>)|, where @<alignment> is evaluated.
+\end{describe}
+
\subsection{Leaf types} \label{sec:clang.c-types.leaf}
\end{describe}
\begin{describe}{mac}
- {define-simple-c-type \=@{ @<name> @! (@<name>^+) @} @<string> \+ \\
- @[[ @|:export| @<export-flag> @]] \-
- \nlret @<name>}
+ {define-simple-c-type
+ \=@{ @<name> @! (@<name>^+) @} @<string> \+\\
+ @[[ @|:export| @<export-flag> @]]
+ \-\nlret @<name>}
Define type specifiers for a new simple C type. Each symbol @<name> is
defined as a symbolic type specifier for the (unique interned) simple C
type whose name is the value of @<string>. Further, each @<name> is
\end{describe}
+\subsection{Atomic types} \label{sec:clang.c-types.atomic}
+
+Atomic types are compound types. The subtype of an atomic type is simply the
+underlying type of the object. Note that, as far as Sod is concerned, atomic
+types are not the same as atomic-qualified types: you must be consistent
+about which you use.
+
+\begin{describe}{cls}
+ {c-atomic-type (qualifiable-c-type) \&key :qualifiers :subtype}
+ Represents an atomic type. An instance denotes the C type
+ @|_Atomic(@<subtype>)|.
+
+ The @<subtype> may be any C type.\footnote{%
+ C does not permit atomic function or array types.} %
+ Two atomic types are equal if and only if their subtypes are equal and they
+ have matching qualifiers. It is possible, though probably not useful, to
+ have an atomic-qualified atomic type.
+
+ The type specifier @|(atomic @<type-spec> @<qualifier>^*)| returns a type
+ qualified atomic @<subtype>, where @<subtype> is the type specified by
+ @<type-spec> and the @<qualifier>s are qualifier keywords (which are
+ evaluated).
+\end{describe}
+
+\begin{describe}{fun}
+ {make-atomic-type @<c-type> \&optional @<qualifiers> @> @<c-atomic-type>}
+ Return an object describing the type qualified atomic @<subtype>. If
+ @<subtype> is interned, then the returned atomic type object is interned
+ also.
+\end{describe}
+
+
\subsection{Pointer types} \label{sec:clang.c-types.pointer}
Pointers are compound types. The subtype of a pointer type is the type it
not return nil.
\end{describe}
-\begin{describe}{fun}{make-argument @<name> @<c-type> @> @<argument>}
+\begin{describe}{fun}
+ {make-argument @<name> @<c-type> \&optional @<default> @> @<argument>}
Construct and a return a new @<argument> object. The argument has type
@<c-type>, which must be a @|c-type| object, and is named @<name>.
suitable for function definitions. If @<name> is not nil, then the
@<name>'s print representation, with @|*print-escape*| nil, is used as the
argument name.
+
+ A @<default> may be supplied. If the argument is used in a
+ keyword-argument list (e.g., in a \descref{c-keyword-function-type}
+ [object]{cls}), and the @<default> value is provided and non-nil, then its
+ (unescaped) printed representation is used to provide a default value if
+ the keyword argument is not supplied by the caller.
\end{describe}
\begin{describe*}
{\dhead{fun}{argument-name @<argument> @> @<name>}
- \dhead{fun}{argument-type @<argument> @> @<c-type>}}
- Accessor functions for @|argument| objects. They return the name (for
- @|argument-name|) or type (for @|argument-type|) from the object, as passed
- to @|make-argument|.
+ \dhead{fun}{argument-type @<argument> @> @<c-type>}
+ \dhead{fun}{argument-default @<argument> @> @<default>}}
+ Accessor functions for @|argument| objects. They return the appropriate
+ component of the object, as set by to @|make-argument|. The @<default> is
+ nil if no default was provided to @|make-argument|.
\end{describe*}
\begin{describe}{gf}
For example,
\begin{prog}
- (c-type (fun \=(lisp (c-type-subtype other-func)) \+ \\
+ (c-type (fun \=(lisp (c-type-subtype other-func)) \+\\
("first" int) . (c-function-arguments other-func))
\end{prog}
evaluates to a function type like @|other-func|, only with an additional
argument of type @|int| added to the front of its argument list. This
could also have been written
\begin{prog}
- (let (\=(args (c-function-arguments other-func)) \+ \\
- (ret (c-type-subtype other-func))) \- \\ \ind
+ (let (\=(args (c-function-arguments other-func)) \+\\
+ (ret (c-type-subtype other-func))) \-\\ \ind
(c-type (fun \=(lisp ret) ("first" int) . args)
\end{prog}
\end{describe}
+\begin{describe}{cls}
+ {c-keyword-function-type (c-function-type)
+ \&key :subtype :arguments :keywords}
+ Represents `functions' which accept keyword arguments. Of course, actual C
+ functions can't accept keyword arguments directly, but this type is useful
+ for describing messages and methods which deal with keyword arguments.
+
+ An instance denotes the type of C function which accepts the position
+ argument list @<arguments>, and keyword arguments from the @<keywords>
+ list, and returns @<subtype>. Either or both of the @<arguments> and
+ @<keywords> lists may be empty. (It is important to note the distinction
+ between a function which doesn't accept keyword arguments, and one which
+ does but for which no keyword arguments are defined. In particular, the
+ latter function can be changed later to accept a keyword argument without
+ breaking compatibility with old code.) The @<arguments> and @<keywords>
+ lists must \emph{not} contain @|:ellipsis| markers: a function can accept
+ keywords, or a variable-length argument tail, but not both.
+
+ Keyword arguments may (but need not) have a \emph{default value} which is
+ supplied to the function body if the keyword is omitted.
+
+ Keyword functions are never considered to be the same as ordinary
+ functions. Two keyword function types are considered to be the same if
+ their return types are the same, and their positional argument lists consist of
+ arguments with the same type, in the same order: the keyword arguments
+ accepted by the functions is not significant.
+
+ Keyword functions are constructed using an extended version of the @|fun|
+ specifier used for ordinary C function types. The extended syntax is as
+ follows.
+ \begin{prog}
+ (fun \=@<return-type>
+ @{ (@<arg-name> @<arg-type>) @}^* \+\\
+ @{ \=:keys @{ (@<kw-name> @<kw-type> @[@<kw-default>@]) @}^*
+ @[. @<form>@] @! \+\\
+ . @<form> @}
+ \end{prog}
+ where either the symbol @|:keys| appears literally in the specifier, or the
+ @<form> evaluates to a list containing the symbol @|:keys|. (If neither of
+ these circumstances obtains, then the specifier constructs an ordinary
+ function type.)
+
+ See the description of \descref{c-function-type}{cls} for how a trailing
+ @<form> is handled.
+
+ The list of @<arg-name>s and @<arg-type>s describes the positional
+ arguments. The list of @<kw-name>s, @<kw-type>s and @<kw-defaults>s
+ describes the keyword arguments.
+\end{describe}
+
\begin{describe}{fun}
{make-function-type @<subtype> @<arguments> @> @<c-function-type>}
Construct and return a new function type, returning @<subtype> and
accepting the @<arguments>.
+
+ If the @<arguments> list contains a @|:keys| marker, then a
+ \descref{c-keyword-function-type}[object]{cls} is returned: those arguments
+ preceding the @|:keys| marker form the positional argument list, and those
+ following the marker form the list of keyword arguments.
+\end{describe}
+
+\begin{describe}{fun}
+ {make-keyword-function-type @<subtype> @<arguments> @<keywords>
+ \nlret @<c-keyword-function-type>}
+ Construct and return a new keyword-function type, returning @<subtype> and
+ accepting the @<arguments> and @<keywords>.
\end{describe}
\begin{describe}{gf}
@|commentify-argument-names| to the argument list of the given type.
\end{describe}
+\begin{describe}{fun}{reify-variable-argument-tail @<arguments> @> @<list>}
+ If the @<argument> list contains an @|:ellipsis| marker, then replace it
+ with a @|va_list|. The name for the new argument, if any, is taken from
+ the \descref{*sod-ap*}[variable]{var}. The new list is returned; the
+ original list is not modified, but may share structure with the new list.
+\end{describe}
+
+\begin{describe}{fun}{merge-keyword-lists @<lists> @> @<list>}
+ Merge a number of keyword-argument lists together and return the result.
+
+ The @<lists> parameter is a list consisting of a number of @|(@<args>
+ . @<origin>)| pairs: in each pair, @<args> is a list of
+ \descref{argument}{cls} objects, and @<origin> is either nil or an object
+ whose printed representation describes the origin of the corresponding
+ @<args> list, suitable for inclusion in an error message.
+
+ The resulting list contains exactly one argument for each distinct argument
+ name appearing in the input @<lists>; this argument will contain the
+ default value from the earliest occurrence in the input @<lists> of an
+ argument with that name.
+
+ If the same name appears multiple times with different types, an error is
+ signalled quoting the name, conflicting types, and (if non-nil) the origins
+ of the offending argument objects.
+\end{describe}
+
+\begin{describe}{fun}
+ {pprint-c-function-type @<return-type> @<stream>
+ @<print-args> @<print-kernel>}
+ Provides the top-level structure for printing C function types.
+
+ Output is written to @<stream> to describe a function type returning
+ @<return-type>, whose declarator kernel (containing the name, and any
+ further type operands) will be printed by @<print-kernel>, and whose
+ arguments, if any, will be printed by @<print-args>.
+
+ The @<print-kernel> function is a standard kernel-printing function
+ following the \descref{pprint-c-type}[protocol]{gf}.
+
+ The @<print-args> function is given a single argument, which is the
+ @<stream> to print on. It should not print the surrounding parentheses.
+
+ The output written to @<stream> looks approximately like
+ \begin{prog}
+ @<return-type> @<kernel>(@<args>)
+ \end{prog}
+\end{describe}
+
+\begin{describe}{fun}{pprint-argument-list @<args> @<stream> @> @<flag>}
+ Print an argument list to @<stream>.
+
+ The @<args> is a list of \descref{argument}[objects]{cls}, optionally
+ containing an @|:ellipsis| marker. The function returns true if any
+ arguments were actually printed.
+\end{describe}
+
\subsection{Parsing C types} \label{sec:clang.c-types.parsing}
\end{describe}
\begin{describe}{mac}
- {definst @<code> (@<streamvar> \&key @<export>) (@<arg>^*) \\ \ind
- @[[ @<declaration>^* @! @<doc-string> @]] \\
- @<form>^* \-
- \nlret @<code>}
+ {definst @<code> (@<streamvar> \&key @<export>) (@<arg>^*) \\ \ind
+ @[[ @<declaration>^* @! @<doc-string> @]] \\
+ @<form>^*
+ \-\nlret @<code>}
\end{describe}
\begin{describe}{mac}
{format-compound-statement
- (@<stream> @<child> \&optional @<morep>) \\ \ind
- @<declaration>^* \\
+ (@<stream> @<child> \&optional @<morep>) \\ \ind
+ @<declaration>^* \\
@<form>^*}
\end{describe}
\end{describe}
\begin{describe}{mac}
- {with-temporary-var (@<codegen> @<var> @<type>) \\ \ind
- @<declaration>^* \\
- @<form>^* \-
- \nlret @<value>^*}
+ {with-temporary-var (@<codegen> @<var> @<type>) \\ \ind
+ @<declaration>^* \\
+ @<form>^*
+ \-\nlret @<value>^*}
\end{describe}
\begin{describe}{fun}{deliver-expr @<codegen> @<target> @<expr>}
~mdw / sod / blobdiff