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1 | %%% -*-latex-*- |
2 | %%% | |
1f7d590d | 3 | %%% C language utilities |
dea4d055 | 4 | %%% |
1f7d590d | 5 | %%% (c) 2015 Straylight/Edgeware |
dea4d055 MW |
6 | %%% |
7 | ||
8 | %%%----- Licensing notice --------------------------------------------------- | |
9 | %%% | |
e0808c47 | 10 | %%% This file is part of the Sensible Object Design, an object system for C. |
dea4d055 MW |
11 | %%% |
12 | %%% SOD is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
13 | %%% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | |
14 | %%% the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or | |
15 | %%% (at your option) any later version. | |
16 | %%% | |
17 | %%% SOD is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
18 | %%% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
19 | %%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
20 | %%% GNU General Public License for more details. | |
21 | %%% | |
22 | %%% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
23 | %%% along with SOD; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, | |
24 | %%% Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. | |
25 | ||
1f7d590d | 26 | \chapter{C language utilities} \label{ch:clang} |
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27 | |
28 | %%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
1f7d590d | 29 | \section{C type representation} \label{sec:clang.c-types} |
dea4d055 | 30 | |
1f7d590d | 31 | \subsection{Overview} \label{sec:clang.c-types.over} |
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32 | |
33 | The Sod translator represents C types in a fairly simple and direct way. | |
34 | However, because it spends a fair amount of its time dealing with C types, it | |
35 | provides a number of useful operations and macros. | |
36 | ||
64d1ecf7 | 37 | The class hierarchy is shown in~\xref{fig:codegen.c-types.classes}. |
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38 | |
39 | \begin{figure} \centering | |
40 | \parbox{10pt}{\begin{tabbing} | |
1f7d590d MW |
41 | @|c-type| \\ \ind |
42 | @|qualifiable-c-type| \\ \ind | |
43 | @|simple-c-type| \\ \ind | |
dea4d055 | 44 | @|c-class-type| \- \\ |
1f7d590d | 45 | @|tagged-c-type| \\ \ind |
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46 | @|c-struct-type| \\ |
47 | @|c-union-type| \\ | |
48 | @|c-enum-type| \- \\ | |
49 | @|c-pointer-type| \- \\ | |
50 | @|c-array-type| \\ | |
51 | @|c-function-type| | |
52 | \end{tabbing}} | |
53 | \caption{Classes representing C types} | |
64d1ecf7 | 54 | \label{fig:codegen.c-types.classes} |
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55 | \end{figure} |
56 | ||
57 | C type objects are immutable unless otherwise specified. | |
58 | ||
59 | \subsubsection{Constructing C type objects} | |
60 | There is a constructor function for each non-abstract class of C type object. | |
61 | Note, however, that constructor functions need not generate a fresh type | |
62 | object if a previously existing type object is suitable. In this case, we | |
63 | say that the objects are \emph{interned}. Some constructor functions are | |
64 | specified to return interned objects: programs may rely on receiving the same | |
65 | (@|eq|) type object for similar (possibly merely @|equal|) arguments. Where | |
66 | not specified, clients may still not rely on receiving fresh objects. | |
67 | ||
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68 | A convenient S-expression notation is provided by the |
69 | \descref{c-type}[macro]{mac}. Use of this macro is merely an abbreviation | |
70 | for corresponding use of the various constructor functions, and therefore | |
71 | interns type objects in the same manner. The syntax accepted by the macro | |
72 | can be extended in order to support new classes: see \descref{defctype}{mac}, | |
73 | \descref{c-type-alias}{mac} and \descref{define-c-type-syntax}{mac}. | |
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74 | |
75 | The descriptions of each of the various classes include descriptions of the | |
76 | initargs which may be passed to @|make-instance| when constructing a new | |
77 | instance of the class. However, the constructor functions and S-expression | |
78 | syntax are strongly recommended over direct use of @|make-instance|. | |
79 | ||
80 | \subsubsection{Printing} | |
81 | There are two protocols for printing C types. Unfortunately they have | |
82 | similar names. | |
83 | \begin{itemize} | |
58f9b400 MW |
84 | \item The \descref{print-c-type}[function]{gf} prints a C type value using |
85 | the S-expression notation. It is mainly useful for diagnostic purposes. | |
86 | \item The \descref{pprint-c-type}[function]{gf} prints a C type as a | |
87 | C-syntax declaration. | |
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88 | \end{itemize} |
89 | Neither generic function defines a default primary method; subclasses of | |
90 | @|c-type| must define their own methods in order to print correctly. | |
91 | ||
31d4431b | 92 | |
1f7d590d | 93 | \subsection{The C type root class} \label{sec:clang.c-types.root} |
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94 | |
95 | \begin{describe}{cls}{c-type ()} | |
96 | The class @|c-type| marks the root of the built-in C type hierarchy. | |
97 | ||
98 | Users may define subclasses of @|c-type|. All non-abstract subclasses must | |
99 | have a primary method defined on @|pprint-c-type|; unless instances of the | |
100 | subclass are interned, a method on @|c-type-equal-p| is also required. | |
101 | ||
102 | The class @|c-type| is abstract. | |
103 | \end{describe} | |
104 | ||
31d4431b | 105 | |
1f7d590d | 106 | \subsection{C type S-expression notation} \label{sec:clang.c-types.sexp} |
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107 | |
108 | The S-expression representation of a type is described syntactically as a | |
109 | type specifier. Type specifiers fit into two syntactic categories. | |
110 | \begin{itemize} | |
111 | \item A \emph{symbolic type specifier} consists of a symbol. It has a | |
112 | single, fixed meaning: if @<name> is a symbolic type specifier, then each | |
113 | use of @<name> in a type specifier evaluates to the same (@|eq|) type | |
114 | object, until the @<name> is redefined. | |
115 | \item A \emph{type operator} is a symbol; the corresponding specifier is a | |
116 | list whose @|car| is the operator. The remaining items in the list are | |
117 | arguments to the type operator. | |
118 | \end{itemize} | |
119 | ||
1f7d590d | 120 | \begin{describe}{mac}{c-type @<type-spec> @> @<c-type>} |
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121 | Evaluates to a C type object, as described by the type specifier |
122 | @<type-spec>. | |
123 | \end{describe} | |
124 | ||
1f7d590d | 125 | \begin{describe}{mac} |
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126 | {defctype \=@{ @<name> @! (@<name>^+) @} @<type-spec> \+ \\ |
127 | @[[ @|:export| @<export-flag> @]]^* \- | |
128 | \nlret @<names>} | |
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129 | Defines a new symbolic type specifier @<name>; if a list of @<name>s is |
130 | given, then all are defined in the same way. The type constructed by using | |
131 | any of the @<name>s is as described by the type specifier @<type-spec>. | |
132 | ||
133 | The resulting type object is constructed once, at the time that the macro | |
134 | expansion is evaluated; the same (@|eq|) value is used each time any | |
135 | @<name> is used in a type specifier. | |
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136 | |
137 | A variable named @|c-type-@<name>|, for the first @<name> only, is defined | |
138 | and initialized to contain the C type object so constructed. Altering or | |
139 | binding this name is discouraged. | |
140 | ||
141 | If @<export-flag> is true, then the variable name, and all of the @<name>s, | |
142 | are exported from the current package. | |
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143 | \end{describe} |
144 | ||
1f7d590d | 145 | \begin{describe}{mac}{c-type-alias @<original> @<alias>^* @> @<aliases>} |
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146 | Defines each @<alias> as being a type operator identical in behaviour to |
147 | @<original>. If @<original> is later redefined then the behaviour of the | |
148 | @<alias>es changes too. | |
149 | \end{describe} | |
150 | ||
1f7d590d | 151 | \begin{describe}{mac} |
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152 | {define-c-type-syntax @<name> @<lambda-list> \\ \ind |
153 | @[[ @<declaration>^* @! @<doc-string> @]] \\ | |
154 | @<form>^* \- | |
155 | \nlret @<name>} | |
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156 | Defines the symbol @<name> as a new type operator. When a list of the form |
157 | @|(@<name> @<argument>^*)| is used as a type specifier, the @<argument>s | |
158 | are bound to fresh variables according to @<lambda-list> (a destructuring | |
159 | lambda-list) and the @<form>s evaluated in order in the resulting lexical | |
160 | environment as an implicit @|progn|. The value should be a Lisp form which | |
161 | will evaluate to the type specified by the arguments. | |
162 | ||
163 | The @<form>s may call @|expand-c-type-spec| in order to recursively expand | |
164 | type specifiers among its arguments. | |
165 | \end{describe} | |
166 | ||
1f7d590d | 167 | \begin{describe}{fun}{expand-c-type-spec @<type-spec> @> @<form>} |
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168 | Returns the Lisp form that @|(c-type @<type-spec>)| would expand into. |
169 | \end{describe} | |
170 | ||
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171 | \begin{describe}{gf} |
172 | {print-c-type @<stream> @<type> \&optional @<colon> @<atsign>} | |
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173 | Print the C type object @<type> to @<stream> in S-expression form. The |
174 | @<colon> and @<atsign> arguments may be interpreted in any way which seems | |
175 | appropriate: they are provided so that @|print-c-type| may be called via | |
176 | @|format|'s @|\char`\~/\dots/| command; they are not set when | |
177 | @|print-c-type| is called by Sod functions. | |
178 | ||
179 | There should be a method defined for every C type class; there is no | |
180 | default method. | |
181 | \end{describe} | |
182 | ||
31d4431b | 183 | |
1f7d590d | 184 | \subsection{Comparing C types} \label{sec:clang.c-types.cmp} |
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185 | |
186 | It is necessary to compare C types for equality, for example when checking | |
187 | argument lists for methods. This is done by @|c-type-equal-p|. | |
188 | ||
1f7d590d MW |
189 | \begin{describe}{gf} |
190 | {c-type-equal-p @<c-type>_1 @<c-type>_2 @> @<generalized-boolean>} | |
191 | The generic function @|c-type-equal-p| compares two C types @<c-type>_1 and | |
192 | @<c-type>_2 for equality; it returns true if the two types are equal and | |
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193 | false if they are not. |
194 | ||
195 | Two types are equal if they are structurally similar, where this property | |
196 | is defined by methods for each individual class; see the descriptions of | |
197 | the classes for the details. | |
198 | ||
199 | The generic function @|c-type-equal-p| uses the @|and| method combination. | |
200 | ||
1f7d590d | 201 | \begin{describe}{meth}{c-type-equal-p @<c-type>_1 @<c-type>_2} |
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202 | A default primary method for @|c-type-equal-p| is defined. It simply |
203 | returns @|nil|. This way, methods can specialize on both arguments | |
204 | without fear that a call will fail because no methods are applicable. | |
205 | \end{describe} | |
1f7d590d | 206 | \begin{describe}{ar-meth}{c-type-equal-p @<c-type>_1 @<c-type>_2} |
dea4d055 | 207 | A default around-method for @|c-type-equal-p| is defined. It returns |
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208 | true if @<c-type>_1 and @<c-type>_2 are @|eql|; otherwise it delegates to |
209 | the primary methods. Since several common kinds of C types are interned, | |
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210 | this is a common case worth optimizing. |
211 | \end{describe} | |
212 | \end{describe} | |
213 | ||
31d4431b | 214 | |
1f7d590d | 215 | \subsection{Outputting C types} \label{sec:clang.c-types.output} |
dea4d055 | 216 | |
1f7d590d | 217 | \begin{describe}{gf}{pprint-c-type @<c-type> @<stream> @<kernel>} |
dea4d055 | 218 | The generic function @|pprint-c-type| pretty-prints to @<stream> a C-syntax |
1f7d590d | 219 | declaration of an object or function of type @<c-type>. The result is |
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220 | written to @<stream>. |
221 | ||
222 | A C declaration has two parts: a sequence of \emph{declaration specifiers} | |
223 | and a \emph{declarator}. The declarator syntax involves parentheses and | |
224 | operators, in order to reflect the operators applicable to the declared | |
225 | variable. For example, the name of a pointer variable is preceded by @`*'; | |
226 | the name of an array is followed by dimensions enclosed in @`['\dots @`]'. | |
227 | ||
228 | The @<kernel> argument must be a function designator (though see the | |
229 | standard around-method); it is invoked as | |
230 | \begin{quote} \codeface | |
231 | (funcall @<kernel> @<stream> @<priority> @<spacep>) | |
232 | \end{quote} | |
233 | It should write to @<stream> -- which may not be the same stream originally | |
234 | passed into the generic function -- the `kernel' of the declarator, i.e., | |
235 | the part to which prefix and/or postfix operators are attached to form the | |
236 | full declarator. | |
237 | ||
238 | The methods on @|pprint-c-type| specialized for compound types work by | |
239 | recursively calling @|pprint-c-type| on the subtype, passing down a closure | |
240 | which prints the necessary additional declarator operators before calling | |
241 | the original @<kernel> function. The additional arguments @<priority> and | |
242 | @<spacep> support this implementation technique. | |
243 | ||
244 | The @<priority> argument describes the surrounding operator context. It is | |
245 | zero if no type operators are directly attached to the kernel (i.e., there | |
246 | are no operators at all, or the kernel is enclosed in parentheses), one if | |
247 | a prefix operator is directly attached, or two if a postfix operator is | |
248 | directly attached. If the @<kernel> function intends to provide its own | |
249 | additional declarator operators, it should check the @<priority> in order | |
250 | to determine whether parentheses are necessary. See also the | |
58f9b400 | 251 | \descref{maybe-in-parens}[macro]{mac}. |
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252 | |
253 | The @<spacep> argument indicates whether a space needs to be printed in | |
254 | order to separate the declarator from the declaration specifiers. A kernel | |
255 | which contains an identifier should insert a space before the identifier | |
256 | when @<spacep> is non-nil. An `empty' kernel, as found in an abstract | |
257 | declarator (one that specifies no name), looks more pleasing without a | |
58f9b400 | 258 | trailing space. See also the \descref{c-type-space}[function]{fun}. |
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259 | |
260 | Every concrete subclass of @|c-type| is expected to provide a primary | |
261 | method on this function. There is no default primary method. | |
262 | ||
1f7d590d | 263 | \begin{describe}{ar-meth}{pprint-c-type @<c-type> @<stream> @<kernel>} |
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264 | A default around method is defined on @|pprint-c-type| which `canonifies' |
265 | non-function @<kernel> arguments. In particular: | |
266 | \begin{itemize} | |
267 | \item if @<kernel> is nil, then @|pprint-c-type| is called recursively | |
268 | with a @<kernel> function that does nothing; and | |
269 | \item if @<kernel> is any other kind of object, then @|pprint-c-type| is | |
270 | called recursively with a @<kernel> function that prints the object as | |
271 | if by @|princ|, preceded if necessary by space using @|c-type-space|. | |
272 | \end{itemize} | |
273 | \end{describe} | |
274 | \end{describe} | |
275 | ||
276 | \begin{describe}{fun}{c-type-space @<stream>} | |
277 | Writes a space and other pretty-printing instructions to @<stream> in order | |
278 | visually to separate a declarator from the preceding declaration | |
279 | specifiers. The precise details are subject to change. | |
280 | \end{describe} | |
281 | ||
1f7d590d | 282 | \begin{describe}{mac} |
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283 | {maybe-in-parens (@<stream-var> @<guard-form>) |
284 | @<declaration>^* | |
285 | @<form>^*} | |
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286 | The @<guard-form> is evaluated, and then the @<form>s are evaluated in |
287 | sequence within a pretty-printer logical block writing to the stream named | |
288 | by the symbol @<stream-var>. If the @<guard-form> evaluates to nil, then | |
289 | the logical block has empty prefix and suffix strings; if it evaluates to a | |
290 | non-nil value, then the logical block has prefix and suffix @`(' and @`)' | |
291 | respectively. | |
292 | ||
293 | Note that this may cause @<stream> to be bound to a different stream object | |
294 | within the @<form>s. | |
295 | \end{describe} | |
296 | ||
31d4431b | 297 | |
dea4d055 | 298 | \subsection{Type qualifiers and qualifiable types} |
1f7d590d | 299 | \label{sec:clang.ctypes.qual} |
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300 | |
301 | \begin{describe}{cls}{qualifiable-c-type (c-type) \&key :qualifiers} | |
302 | The class @|qualifiable-c-type| describes C types which can bear | |
303 | `qualifiers' (\Cplusplus\ calls them `cv-qualifiers'): @|const|, | |
304 | @|restrict| and @|volatile|. | |
305 | ||
306 | The @<qualifiers> are a list of keyword symbols @|:const|, @|:restrict| and | |
307 | @|:volatile|. There is no built-in limitation to these particular | |
308 | qualifiers; others keywords may be used, though this isn't recommended. | |
309 | ||
310 | Two qualifiable types are equal only if they have \emph{matching | |
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311 | qualifiers}: i.e., every qualifier attached to one is also attached to the |
312 | other: order is not significant, and neither is multiplicity. | |
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313 | |
314 | The class @|qualifiable-c-type| is abstract. | |
315 | \end{describe} | |
316 | ||
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317 | \begin{describe}{gf}{c-type-qualifiers @<c-type> @> @<list>} |
318 | Returns the qualifiers of the @|qualifiable-c-type| instance @<c-type> as | |
319 | an immutable list. | |
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320 | \end{describe} |
321 | ||
1f7d590d MW |
322 | \begin{describe}{fun}{qualify-type @<c-type> @<qualifiers> @> @<c-type>} |
323 | The argument @<c-type> must be an instance of @|qualifiable-c-type|, | |
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324 | currently bearing no qualifiers, and @<qualifiers> a list of qualifier |
325 | keywords. The result is a C type object like @<c-type> except that it | |
326 | bears the given @<qualifiers>. | |
327 | ||
1f7d590d | 328 | The @<c-type> is not modified. If @<c-type> is interned, then the returned |
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329 | type will be interned. |
330 | \end{describe} | |
331 | ||
0b80399d | 332 | \begin{describe}{fun}{format-qualifiers @<qualifiers> @> @<string>} |
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333 | Returns a string containing the qualifiers listed in @<qualifiers> in C |
334 | syntax, with a space after each. In particular, if @<qualifiers> is | |
335 | non-null then the final character of the returned string will be a space. | |
336 | \end{describe} | |
337 | ||
31d4431b | 338 | |
1f7d590d | 339 | \subsection{Leaf types} \label{sec:clang.c-types.leaf} |
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340 | |
341 | A \emph{leaf type} is a type which is not defined in terms of another type. | |
342 | In Sod, the leaf types are | |
343 | \begin{itemize} | |
344 | \item \emph{simple types}, including builtin types like @|int| and @|char|, | |
345 | as well as type names introduced by @|typename|, because Sod isn't | |
346 | interested in what the type name means, merely that it names a type; and | |
347 | \item \emph{tagged types}, i.e., enum, struct and union types which are named | |
348 | by a keyword identifying the kind of type, and a \emph{tag}. | |
349 | \end{itemize} | |
350 | ||
351 | \begin{describe}{cls}{simple-c-type (qualifiable-c-type) | |
352 | \&key :qualifiers :name} | |
353 | The class of `simple types'; an instance denotes the type @<qualifiers> | |
354 | @<name>. | |
355 | ||
356 | A simple type object maintains a \emph{name}, which is a string whose | |
357 | contents are the C name for the type. The initarg @|:name| may be used to | |
358 | provide this name when calling @|make-instance|. | |
359 | ||
360 | Two simple type objects are equal if and only if they have @|string=| names | |
361 | and matching qualifiers. | |
362 | ||
363 | A number of symbolic type specifiers for builtin types are predefined as | |
64d1ecf7 | 364 | shown in \xref{tab:codegen.c-types.simple}. These are all defined as if by |
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365 | @|define-simple-c-type|, so can be used to construct qualified types. |
366 | \end{describe} | |
367 | ||
368 | \begin{table} | |
fcb6c0fb MW |
369 | \begin{tabular}[C]{ll} \hlx*{hv} |
370 | \thd{C type} & \thd{Specifiers} \\ \hlx{vhv} | |
371 | @|void| & @|void| \\ \hlx{v} | |
a4434457 MW |
372 | @|_Bool| & @|bool| \\ \hlx{v} |
373 | @|char| & @|char| \\ \hlx{} | |
a4434457 | 374 | @|wchar_t| & @|wchar-t| \\ \hlx{v} |
d21ac4d9 MW |
375 | @|signed char| & @|signed-char|, @|schar| \\ \hlx{} |
376 | @|unsigned char| & @|unsigned-char|, @|uchar| \\ \hlx{v} | |
dea4d055 | 377 | @|short| & @|short|, @|signed-short|, @|short-int|, |
fcb6c0fb | 378 | @|signed-short-int| @|sshort| \\ \hlx{} |
dea4d055 | 379 | @|unsigned short| & @|unsigned-short|, @|unsigned-short-int|, |
fcb6c0fb | 380 | @|ushort| \\ \hlx{v} |
dea4d055 | 381 | @|int| & @|int|, @|signed|, @|signed-int|, |
fcb6c0fb MW |
382 | @|sint| \\ \hlx{} |
383 | @|unsigned int| & @|unsigned|, @|unsigned-int|, @|uint| \\ \hlx{v} | |
dea4d055 | 384 | @|long| & @|long|, @|signed-long|, @|long-int|, |
fcb6c0fb | 385 | @|signed-long-int|, @|slong| \\ \hlx{} |
dea4d055 | 386 | @|unsigned long| & @|unsigned-long|, @|unsigned-long-int|, |
fcb6c0fb | 387 | @|ulong| \\ \hlx{v} |
dea4d055 | 388 | @|long long| & @|long-long|, @|signed-long-long|, |
d21ac4d9 | 389 | @|long-long-int|, \\ \hlx{} |
dea4d055 MW |
390 | & \qquad @|signed-long-long-int|, |
391 | @|llong|, @|sllong| \\ \hlx{v} | |
392 | @|unsigned long long| | |
393 | & @|unsigned-long-long|, @|unsigned-long-long-int|, | |
fcb6c0fb | 394 | @|ullong| \\ \hlx{v} |
d21ac4d9 MW |
395 | @|size_t| & @|size-t| \\ \hlx{} |
396 | @|ptrdiff_t| & @|ptrdiff-t| \\ \hlx{v} | |
fcb6c0fb | 397 | @|float| & @|float| \\ \hlx{} |
a4434457 MW |
398 | @|double| & @|double| \\ \hlx{} |
399 | @|long double| & @|long-double| \\ \hlx{v} | |
400 | @|float _Imaginary| & @|float-imaginary| \\ \hlx{} | |
a4434457 | 401 | @|double _Imaginary|& @|double-imaginary| \\ \hlx{} |
a4434457 | 402 | @|long double _Imaginary| |
d21ac4d9 MW |
403 | & @|long-double-imaginary| \\ \hlx{v} |
404 | @|float _Complex| & @|float-complex| \\ \hlx{} | |
405 | @|double _Complex| & @|double-complex| \\ \hlx{} | |
a4434457 | 406 | @|long double _Complex| |
d21ac4d9 MW |
407 | & @|long-double-complex| \\ \hlx{v} |
408 | @|va_list| & @|va-list| \\ \hlx*{vh} | |
dea4d055 MW |
409 | \end{tabular} |
410 | \caption{Builtin symbolic type specifiers for simple C types} | |
64d1ecf7 | 411 | \label{tab:codegen.c-types.simple} |
dea4d055 MW |
412 | \end{table} |
413 | ||
1f7d590d MW |
414 | \begin{describe}{fun} |
415 | {make-simple-type @<name> \&optional @<qualifiers> @> @<c-type>} | |
dea4d055 MW |
416 | Return the (unique interned) simple C type object for the C type whose name |
417 | is @<name> (a string) and which has the given @<qualifiers> (a list of | |
418 | keywords). | |
419 | \end{describe} | |
420 | ||
1f7d590d MW |
421 | \begin{describe}{gf}{c-type-name @<c-type> @> @<string>} |
422 | Returns the name of a @|simple-c-type| instance @<c-type> as an immutable | |
dea4d055 MW |
423 | string. |
424 | \end{describe} | |
425 | ||
1f7d590d | 426 | \begin{describe}{mac} |
e43d3532 MW |
427 | {define-simple-c-type \=@{ @<name> @! (@<name>^+) @} @<string> \+ \\ |
428 | @[[ @|:export| @<export-flag> @]] \- | |
429 | \nlret @<name>} | |
dea4d055 MW |
430 | Define type specifiers for a new simple C type. Each symbol @<name> is |
431 | defined as a symbolic type specifier for the (unique interned) simple C | |
432 | type whose name is the value of @<string>. Further, each @<name> is | |
433 | defined to be a type operator: the type specifier @|(@<name> | |
434 | @<qualifier>^*)| evaluates to the (unique interned) simple C type whose | |
435 | name is @<string> and which has the @<qualifiers> (which are evaluated). | |
e43d3532 MW |
436 | |
437 | Furthermore, a variable @|c-type-@<name>| is defined, for the first @<name> | |
438 | only, and initialized with the newly constructed C type object. | |
439 | ||
440 | If @<export-flag> is true, then the @|c-type-@<name>| variable name, and | |
441 | all of the @<name>s, are exported from the current package. | |
dea4d055 MW |
442 | \end{describe} |
443 | ||
444 | \begin{describe}{cls}{tagged-c-type (qualifiable-c-type) | |
445 | \&key :qualifiers :tag} | |
446 | Provides common behaviour for C tagged types. A @<tag> is a string | |
447 | containing a C identifier. | |
448 | ||
449 | Two tagged types are equal if and only if they have the same class, their | |
450 | @<tag>s are @|string=|, and they have matching qualifiers. (User-defined | |
451 | subclasses may have additional methods on @|c-type-equal-p| which impose | |
452 | further restrictions.) | |
453 | \end{describe} | |
454 | \begin{boxy}[Bug] | |
455 | Sod maintains distinct namespaces for the three kinds of tagged types. In | |
456 | C, there is only one namespace for tags which is shared between enums, | |
457 | structs and unions. | |
458 | \end{boxy} | |
459 | ||
1f7d590d MW |
460 | \begin{describe}{gf}{c-tagged-type-kind @<c-type> @> @<keyword>} |
461 | Returns a keyword classifying the tagged @<c-type>: one of @|:enum|, | |
462 | @|:struct| or @|:union|. User-defined subclasses of @|tagged-c-type| | |
463 | should return their own classification symbols. It is intended that | |
464 | @|(string-downcase (c-tagged-type-kind @<c-type>))| be valid C | |
465 | syntax.\footnote{% | |
dea4d055 MW |
466 | Alas, C doesn't provide a syntactic category for these keywords; |
467 | \Cplusplus\ calls them a @<class-key>.} % | |
1f7d590d MW |
468 | There is a method defined for each of the built-in tagged type classes |
469 | @|c-struct-type|, @|c-union-type| and @|c-enum-type|. | |
470 | \end{describe} | |
471 | ||
472 | \begin{describe}{gf}{kind-c-tagged-type @<keyword> @> @<symbol>} | |
473 | This is not quite the inverse of @|c-tagged-type-kind|. Given a keyword | |
474 | naming a kind of tagged type, return the name of the corresponding C | |
475 | type class as a symbol. | |
dea4d055 MW |
476 | \end{describe} |
477 | ||
478 | \begin{describe}{cls}{c-enum-type (tagged-c-type) \&key :qualifiers :tag} | |
479 | Represents a C enumerated type. An instance denotes the C type @|enum| | |
480 | @<tag>. See the direct superclass @|tagged-c-type| for details. | |
481 | ||
482 | The type specifier @|(enum @<tag> @<qualifier>^*)| returns the (unique | |
483 | interned) enumerated type with the given @<tag> and @<qualifier>s (all | |
484 | evaluated). | |
485 | \end{describe} | |
1f7d590d MW |
486 | \begin{describe}{fun} |
487 | {make-enum-type @<tag> \&optional @<qualifiers> @> @<c-enum-type>} | |
dea4d055 MW |
488 | Return the (unique interned) C type object for the enumerated C type whose |
489 | tag is @<tag> (a string) and which has the given @<qualifiers> (a list of | |
490 | keywords). | |
491 | \end{describe} | |
492 | ||
493 | \begin{describe}{cls}{c-struct-type (tagged-c-type) \&key :qualifiers :tag} | |
494 | Represents a C structured type. An instance denotes the C type @|struct| | |
495 | @<tag>. See the direct superclass @|tagged-c-type| for details. | |
496 | ||
497 | The type specifier @|(struct @<tag> @<qualifier>^*)| returns the (unique | |
498 | interned) structured type with the given @<tag> and @<qualifier>s (all | |
499 | evaluated). | |
500 | \end{describe} | |
1f7d590d MW |
501 | \begin{describe}{fun} |
502 | {make-struct-type @<tag> \&optional @<qualifiers> @> @<c-struct-type>} | |
dea4d055 MW |
503 | Return the (unique interned) C type object for the structured C type whose |
504 | tag is @<tag> (a string) and which has the given @<qualifiers> (a list of | |
505 | keywords). | |
506 | \end{describe} | |
507 | ||
508 | \begin{describe}{cls}{c-union-type (tagged-c-type) \&key :qualifiers :tag} | |
509 | Represents a C union type. An instance denotes the C type @|union| | |
510 | @<tag>. See the direct superclass @|tagged-c-type| | |
511 | for details. | |
512 | ||
513 | The type specifier @|(union @<tag> @<qualifier>^*)| returns the (unique | |
514 | interned) union type with the given @<tag> and @<qualifier>s (all | |
515 | evaluated). | |
516 | \end{describe} | |
1f7d590d MW |
517 | \begin{describe}{fun} |
518 | {make-union-type @<tag> \&optional @<qualifiers> @> @<c-union-type>} | |
dea4d055 MW |
519 | Return the (unique interned) C type object for the union C type whose tag |
520 | is @<tag> (a string) and which has the given @<qualifiers> (a list of | |
521 | keywords). | |
522 | \end{describe} | |
523 | ||
31d4431b | 524 | |
1f7d590d MW |
525 | \subsection{Compound C types} \label{sec:code.c-types.compound} |
526 | ||
527 | Some C types are \emph{compound types}: they're defined in terms of existing | |
528 | types. The classes which represent compound types implement a common | |
529 | protocol. | |
dea4d055 | 530 | |
1f7d590d MW |
531 | \begin{describe}{gf}{c-type-subtype @<c-type> @> @<subtype>} |
532 | Returns the underlying type of a compound type @<c-type>. Precisely what | |
533 | this means depends on the class of @<c-type>. | |
dea4d055 MW |
534 | \end{describe} |
535 | ||
31d4431b | 536 | |
1f7d590d MW |
537 | \subsection{Pointer types} \label{sec:clang.c-types.pointer} |
538 | ||
cf7f1f46 MW |
539 | Pointers are compound types. The subtype of a pointer type is the type it |
540 | points to. | |
1f7d590d MW |
541 | |
542 | \begin{describe}{cls} | |
543 | {c-pointer-type (qualifiable-c-type) \&key :qualifiers :subtype} | |
dea4d055 MW |
544 | Represents a C pointer type. An instance denotes the C type @<subtype> |
545 | @|*|@<qualifiers>. | |
546 | ||
547 | The @<subtype> may be any C type. Two pointer types are equal if and only | |
548 | if their subtypes are equal and they have matching qualifiers. | |
549 | ||
550 | The type specifier @|(* @<type-spec> @<qualifier>^*)| returns a type | |
551 | qualified pointer-to-@<subtype>, where @<subtype> is the type specified by | |
552 | @<type-spec> and the @<qualifier>s are qualifier keywords (which are | |
553 | evaluated). The synonyms @|ptr| and @|pointer| may be used in place of the | |
554 | star @`*'. | |
555 | ||
fcb6c0fb | 556 | The symbol @|string| is a type specifier for the type pointer to |
dea4d055 MW |
557 | characters; the symbol @|const-string| is a type specifier for the type |
558 | pointer to constant characters. | |
559 | \end{describe} | |
1f7d590d MW |
560 | |
561 | \begin{describe}{fun} | |
562 | {make-pointer-type @<c-type> \&optional @<qualifiers> | |
563 | @> @<c-pointer-type>} | |
fcb6c0fb | 564 | Return an object describing the type qualified pointer to @<subtype>. |
dea4d055 MW |
565 | If @<subtype> is interned, then the returned pointer type object is |
566 | interned also. | |
567 | \end{describe} | |
568 | ||
31d4431b | 569 | |
1f7d590d MW |
570 | \subsection{Array types} \label{sec:clang.c-types.array} |
571 | ||
fcb6c0fb MW |
572 | Arrays implement the compound-type protocol. The subtype of an array type is |
573 | the array element type. | |
1f7d590d | 574 | |
dea4d055 MW |
575 | \begin{describe}{cls}{c-array-type (c-type) \&key :subtype :dimensions} |
576 | Represents a multidimensional C array type. The @<dimensions> are a list | |
577 | of dimension specifiers $d_0$, $d_1$, \ldots, $d_{n-1}$; an instance then | |
578 | denotes the C type @<subtype> @|[$d_0$][$d_1$]$\ldots$[$d_{n-1}$]|. An | |
579 | individual dimension specifier is either a string containing a C integral | |
580 | constant expression, or nil which is equivalent to an empty string. Only | |
581 | the first (outermost) dimension $d_0$ should be empty. | |
582 | ||
583 | C doesn't actually have multidimensional arrays as a primitive notion; | |
584 | rather, it permits an array (with known extent) to be the element type of | |
585 | an array, which achieves an equivalent effect. C arrays are stored in | |
586 | row-major order: i.e., if we write down the indices of the elements of an | |
587 | array in order of ascending address, the rightmost index varies fastest; | |
588 | hence, the type constructed is more accurately an array of $d_0$ arrays of | |
589 | $d_1$ of \ldots\ arrays of $d_{n-1}$ elements of type @<subtype>. We shall | |
590 | continue to abuse terminology and refer to multidimensional arrays. | |
591 | ||
592 | The type specifier @|([] @<type-spec> @<dimension>^*)| constructs a | |
593 | multidimensional array with the given @<dimension>s whose elements have the | |
594 | type specified by @<type-spec>. If no dimensions are given then a | |
595 | single-dimensional array with unspecified extent. The synonyms @|array| | |
596 | and @|vector| may be used in place of the brackets @`[]'. | |
597 | \end{describe} | |
1f7d590d MW |
598 | |
599 | \begin{describe}{fun} | |
600 | {make-array-type @<subtype> @<dimensions> @> @<c-array-type>} | |
dea4d055 MW |
601 | Return an object describing the type of arrays with given @<dimensions> and |
602 | with element type @<subtype> (an instance of @|c-type|). The @<dimensions> | |
603 | argument is a list whose elements are strings or nil; see the description | |
604 | of the class @|c-array-type| above for details. | |
605 | \end{describe} | |
1f7d590d MW |
606 | |
607 | \begin{describe}{gf}{c-array-dimensions @<c-type> @> @<list>} | |
608 | Returns the dimensions of @<c-type>, an array type, as an immutable list. | |
609 | \end{describe} | |
610 | ||
31d4431b | 611 | |
1f7d590d MW |
612 | \subsection{Function types} \label{sec:clang.c-types.fun} |
613 | ||
fcb6c0fb MW |
614 | Function types implement the compound-type protocol. The subtype of a |
615 | function type is the type of the function's return value. | |
616 | ||
1f7d590d | 617 | \begin{describe}{cls}{argument} |
fcb6c0fb | 618 | Represents an ordinary function argument. |
1f7d590d MW |
619 | \end{describe} |
620 | ||
621 | \begin{describe}{fun}{argumentp @<value> @> @<generalized-boolean>} | |
fcb6c0fb MW |
622 | Decide whether @<value> is an @<argument> object: if so, return non-nil; if |
623 | not return nil. | |
1f7d590d MW |
624 | \end{describe} |
625 | ||
626 | \begin{describe}{fun}{make-argument @<name> @<c-type> @> @<argument>} | |
fcb6c0fb MW |
627 | Construct and a return a new @<argument> object. The argument has type |
628 | @<c-type>, which must be a @|c-type| object, and is named @<name>. | |
629 | ||
630 | The @<name> may be nil to indicate that the argument has no name: in this | |
631 | case the argument will be formatted as an abstract declarator, which is not | |
632 | suitable for function definitions. If @<name> is not nil, then the | |
633 | @<name>'s print representation, with @|*print-escape*| nil, is used as the | |
634 | argument name. | |
1f7d590d MW |
635 | \end{describe} |
636 | ||
52e2a70f | 637 | \begin{describe*} |
31d4431b MW |
638 | {\dhead{fun}{argument-name @<argument> @> @<name>} |
639 | \dhead{fun}{argument-type @<argument> @> @<c-type>}} | |
52e2a70f MW |
640 | Accessor functions for @|argument| objects. They return the name (for |
641 | @|argument-name|) or type (for @|argument-type|) from the object, as passed | |
642 | to @|make-argument|. | |
643 | \end{describe*} | |
dea4d055 | 644 | |
fcb6c0fb | 645 | \begin{describe}{gf} |
1f7d590d | 646 | {commentify-argument-name @<name> @> @<commentified-name>} |
fcb6c0fb MW |
647 | Convert the argument name @<name> so that it's suitable to declare the |
648 | function in a header file. | |
dea4d055 | 649 | |
fcb6c0fb MW |
650 | Robust header files shouldn't include literal argument names in |
651 | declarations of functions or function types, since this restricts the | |
652 | including file from defining such names as macros. This generic function | |
653 | is used to convert names into a safe form. | |
654 | ||
655 | \begin{describe}{meth}{commentify-argument-name (@<name> null) @> nil} | |
656 | Returns nil: if the argument name is already omitted, it's safe for use | |
657 | in a header file. | |
658 | \end{describe} | |
659 | \begin{describe}{meth}{commentify-argument-name (@<name> t) @> @<string>} | |
660 | Returns the print form of @<name> wrapped in a C comment, as | |
661 | @`/*@<name>*/'. | |
662 | \end{describe} | |
1f7d590d MW |
663 | \end{describe} |
664 | ||
665 | \begin{describe}{fun} | |
fcb6c0fb MW |
666 | {commentify-argument-names @<arguments> @> @<commentified-arguments>} |
667 | Convert the @<arguments> list so that it's suitable for use in a header | |
668 | file. | |
669 | ||
670 | The @<arguments> list should be a list whose items are @|argument| objects | |
671 | or the keyword @|:ellipsis|. The return value is a list constructed as | |
672 | follows. For each @|argument| object in the input list, there is a | |
673 | corresponding @|argument| object in the returned list, with the same type, | |
674 | and whose name is the result of @|commentify-argument-name| applied to the | |
675 | input argument name; an @|:ellipsis| in the input list is passed through | |
676 | unchanged. | |
1f7d590d MW |
677 | \end{describe} |
678 | ||
fcb6c0fb MW |
679 | \begin{describe}{cls}{c-function-type (c-type) \&key :subtype :arguments} |
680 | Represents C function types. An instance denotes the type of a C | |
681 | function which accepts the @<arguments> and returns @<subtype>. | |
682 | ||
683 | The @<arguments> are a possibly empty list. All but the last element of | |
684 | the list must be @|argument| objects; the final element may instead be the | |
685 | keyword @|:ellipsis|, which denotes a variable argument list. | |
686 | ||
687 | An @<arguments> list consisting of a single argument with type @|void| is | |
688 | converted into an empty list. On output as C code, an empty argument list | |
689 | is written as @|void|. It is not possible to represent a pre-ANSI C | |
690 | function without prototypes. | |
691 | ||
692 | Two function types are considered to be the same if their return types are | |
693 | the same, and their argument lists consist of arguments with the same type, | |
694 | in the same order, and either both or neither argument list ends with | |
695 | @|:ellipsis|; argument names are not compared. | |
696 | ||
ed76585e MW |
697 | The type specifier |
698 | \begin{prog} | |
699 | (fun @<return-type> | |
700 | @{ (@<arg-name> @<arg-type>) @}^* | |
701 | @[:ellipsis @! . @<form>@]) | |
702 | \end{prog} | |
703 | constructs a function type. The function has the subtype @<return-type>. | |
704 | The remaining items in the type-specifier list are used to construct the | |
705 | argument list. The argument items are a possibly improper list, beginning | |
706 | with zero or more \emph{explicit arguments}: two-item | |
707 | @<arg-name>/@<arg-type> lists. For each such list, an @|argument| object | |
708 | is constructed with the given name (evaluated) and type. Following the | |
709 | explicit arguments, there may be | |
fcb6c0fb MW |
710 | \begin{itemize} |
711 | \item nothing, in which case the function's argument list consists only of | |
712 | the explicit arguments; | |
713 | \item the keyword @|:ellipsis|, as the final item in the type-specifier | |
714 | list, indicating a variable argument list may follow the explicit | |
715 | arguments; or | |
716 | \item a possibly-improper list tail, beginning with an atom either as a | |
717 | list item or as the final list cdr, indicating that the entire list tail | |
718 | is Lisp expression which is to be evaluated to compute the remaining | |
719 | arguments. | |
720 | \end{itemize} | |
721 | A tail expression may return a list of @|argument| objects, optionally | |
722 | followed by an @|:ellipsis|. | |
723 | ||
724 | For example, | |
725 | \begin{prog} | |
726 | (c-type (fun \=(lisp (c-type-subtype other-func)) \+ \\ | |
727 | ("first" int) . (c-function-arguments other-func)) | |
728 | \end{prog} | |
729 | evaluates to a function type like @|other-func|, only with an additional | |
730 | argument of type @|int| added to the front of its argument list. This | |
731 | could also have been written | |
732 | \begin{prog} | |
733 | (let (\=(args (c-function-arguments other-func)) \+ \\ | |
734 | (ret (c-type-subtype other-func))) \- \\ \ind | |
735 | (c-type (fun \=(lisp ret) ("first" int) . args) | |
736 | \end{prog} | |
1f7d590d MW |
737 | \end{describe} |
738 | ||
739 | \begin{describe}{fun} | |
fcb6c0fb MW |
740 | {make-function-type @<subtype> @<arguments> @> @<c-function-type>} |
741 | Construct and return a new function type, returning @<subtype> and | |
742 | accepting the @<arguments>. | |
743 | \end{describe} | |
744 | ||
745 | \begin{describe}{gf} | |
746 | {c-function-arguments @<c-function-type> @> @<arguments>} | |
747 | Return the arguments list of the @<c-function-type>. | |
1f7d590d MW |
748 | \end{describe} |
749 | ||
750 | \begin{describe}{fun} | |
fcb6c0fb MW |
751 | {commentify-function-type @<c-function-type> @> @<commentified-c-type>} |
752 | Return a commentified version of the @<c-function-type>. | |
753 | ||
754 | The returned type has the same subtype as the given type, and the argument | |
755 | list of the returned type is the result of applying | |
756 | @|commentify-argument-names| to the argument list of the given type. | |
dea4d055 MW |
757 | \end{describe} |
758 | ||
678b6c0f MW |
759 | \begin{describe}{fun} |
760 | {pprint-c-function-type @<return-type> @<stream> | |
761 | @<print-args> @<print-kernel>} | |
762 | Provides the top-level structure for printing C function types. | |
763 | ||
764 | Output is written to @<stream> to describe a function type returning | |
765 | @<return-type>, whose declarator kernel (containing the name, and any | |
766 | further type operands) will be printed by @<print-kernel>, and whose | |
767 | arguments, if any, will be printed by @<print-args>. | |
768 | ||
769 | The @<print-kernel> function is a standard kernel-printing function | |
770 | following the \descref{pprint-c-type}[protocol]{gf}. | |
771 | ||
772 | The @<print-args> function is given a single argument, which is the | |
773 | @<stream> to print on. It should not print the surrounding parentheses. | |
774 | ||
775 | The output written to @<stream> looks approximately like | |
776 | \begin{prog} | |
777 | @<return-type> @<kernel>(@<args>) | |
778 | \end{prog} | |
779 | \end{describe} | |
780 | ||
781 | \begin{describe}{fun}{pprint-argument-list @<args> @<stream> @> @<flag>} | |
782 | Print an argument list to @<stream>. | |
783 | ||
784 | The @<args> is a list of \descref{argument}[objects]{cls}, optionally | |
785 | containing an @|:ellipsis| marker. The function returns true if any | |
786 | arguments were actually printed. | |
787 | \end{describe} | |
788 | ||
31d4431b | 789 | |
1f7d590d MW |
790 | \subsection{Parsing C types} \label{sec:clang.c-types.parsing} |
791 | ||
756f4928 MW |
792 | \begin{describe}{fun} |
793 | {parse-c-type @<scanner> | |
794 | @> @<result> @<success-flag> @<consumed-flag>} | |
795 | \end{describe} | |
796 | ||
797 | \begin{describe}{fun} | |
798 | {parse-declarator @<scanner> @<base-type> \&key :kernel :abstractp | |
799 | \nlret @<result> @<success-flag> @<consumed-flag>} | |
800 | \end{describe} | |
801 | ||
31d4431b | 802 | |
756f4928 MW |
803 | \subsection{Class types} \label{sec:clang.c-types.class} |
804 | ||
805 | \begin{describe}{cls} | |
806 | {c-class-type (simple-c-type) \&key :class :tag :qualifiers :name} | |
807 | \end{describe} | |
808 | ||
809 | \begin{describe*} | |
810 | {\dhead{gf}{c-type-class @<class-type> @> @<class>} | |
811 | \dhead{gf}{setf (c-type-class @<class-type>) @<class>}} | |
812 | \end{describe*} | |
813 | ||
814 | \begin{describe}{fun}{find-class-type @<name> @> @<class-type-or-nil>} | |
815 | \end{describe} | |
816 | ||
817 | \begin{describe}{fun} | |
818 | {make-class-type @<name> \&optional @<qualifiers> @> @<class-type>} | |
819 | \end{describe} | |
820 | ||
821 | \begin{describe}{fun} | |
822 | {make-class-type @<name> \&optional @<qualifiers> @> @<class-type>} | |
823 | \end{describe} | |
824 | ||
825 | \begin{describe}{fun}{find-sod-class @<name> @> @<class>} | |
826 | \end{describe} | |
827 | ||
828 | \begin{describe}{fun}{record-sod-class @<class>} | |
829 | \end{describe} | |
830 | ||
1f7d590d MW |
831 | %%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
832 | \section{Generating C code} \label{sec:clang.codegen} | |
833 | ||
fcb6c0fb MW |
834 | This section deals with Sod's facilities for constructing and manipulating C |
835 | expressions, declarations, instructions and definitions. | |
836 | ||
31d4431b | 837 | |
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838 | \subsection{Temporary names} \label{sec:clang.codegen.temporaries} |
839 | ||
840 | Many C-level objects, especially ones with external linkage or inclusion in a | |
841 | header file, are assigned names which are simple strings, perhaps fixed ones, | |
842 | perhaps constructed. Other objects don't need meaningful names, and | |
843 | suitably unique constructed names would be tedious and most likely rather | |
844 | opaque. Therefore Sod has an ability to construct \emph{temporary names}. | |
845 | ||
846 | These aren't temporary in the sense that they name C objects which have | |
847 | limited lifetimes at runtime. Rather, the idea is that the names be | |
848 | significant only to small pieces of Lisp code, which will soon forget about | |
849 | them. | |
850 | ||
851 | \subsubsection{The temporary name protocol} | |
852 | Temporary names are represented by objects which implement a simple protocol. | |
853 | ||
854 | \begin{describe}{gf}{format-temporary-name @<var> @<stream>} | |
855 | \end{describe} | |
856 | ||
857 | \begin{describe*} | |
858 | {\dhead{gf}{var-in-use-p @<var> @> @<generalized-boolean>} | |
859 | \dhead[setf var-in-use-p] | |
860 | {gf}{setf (var-in-use-p @<var>) @<generalized-boolean>}} | |
861 | \end{describe*} | |
862 | ||
863 | \subsubsection{Temporary name objects} | |
864 | ||
865 | \begin{describe}{cls}{temporary-name () \&key :tag} | |
866 | A temporary name object. This is the root of a small collection of | |
867 | subclasses, but is also usable on its own. | |
868 | \end{describe} | |
869 | ||
870 | \begin{describe}{meth} | |
871 | {commentify-argument-name (@<name> temporary-name) @> nil} | |
872 | \end{describe} | |
873 | ||
874 | \begin{table} | |
875 | \begin{tabular}[C]{*2{>{\codeface}l}} \hlx*{hv} | |
876 | \thd{\textbf{Class}} & \thd{\textbf{Name format}} \\ \hlx{vhv} | |
877 | temporary-name & @<tag> \\ | |
878 | temporary-argument & sod__a@<tag> \\ | |
879 | temporary-function & sod__f@<tag> \\ | |
880 | temporary-variable & sod__v@<tag> \\ \hlx*{vh} | |
881 | \end{tabular} | |
882 | \caption{Temporary name formats} | |
883 | \label{tab:codegen.codegen.temps-format} | |
884 | \end{table} | |
885 | ||
886 | \begin{describe}{cls}{temporary-argument (temporary-name) \&key :tag} | |
887 | \end{describe} | |
888 | ||
889 | \begin{describe}{cls}{temporary-function (temporary-name) \&key :tag} | |
890 | \end{describe} | |
891 | ||
892 | \begin{describe}{fun}{temporary-function @> @<name>} | |
893 | \end{describe} | |
894 | ||
895 | \begin{describe}{cls} | |
896 | {temporary-variable (temporary-name) \&key :tag :in-use-p} | |
897 | \end{describe} | |
898 | ||
899 | \subsubsection{Well-known `temporary' names} | |
900 | ||
901 | \begin{table} | |
902 | \begin{tabular}[C]{*2{>{\codeface}l}} \hlx*{hv} | |
903 | \thd{\textbf{Variable}} & \thd{\textbf{Name format}} \\ \hlx{vhv} | |
904 | {}*sod-ap* & sod__ap \\ | |
944caf84 MW |
905 | {}*sod-master-ap* & sod__master_ap \\ |
906 | {}*null-pointer* & NULL \\ \hlx*{vh} | |
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907 | \end{tabular} |
908 | \caption{Well-known temporary names} | |
909 | \label{tab:codegen.codegen.well-known-temps} | |
910 | \end{table} | |
911 | ||
31d4431b | 912 | |
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913 | \subsection{Instructions} \label{sec:clang.codegen.insts} |
914 | ||
915 | \begin{describe}{cls}{inst () \&key} | |
916 | \end{describe} | |
917 | ||
918 | \begin{describe}{gf}{inst-metric @<inst>} | |
919 | \end{describe} | |
920 | ||
921 | \begin{describe}{mac} | |
cac85e0b MW |
922 | {definst @<code> (@<streamvar> \&key @<export>) (@<arg>^*) \\ \ind |
923 | @[[ @<declaration>^* @! @<doc-string> @]] \\ | |
924 | @<form>^* \- | |
925 | \nlret @<code>} | |
fcb6c0fb MW |
926 | \end{describe} |
927 | ||
928 | \begin{describe}{mac} | |
cac85e0b MW |
929 | {format-compound-statement |
930 | (@<stream> @<child> \&optional @<morep>) \\ \ind | |
931 | @<declaration>^* \\ | |
932 | @<form>^*} | |
fcb6c0fb MW |
933 | \end{describe} |
934 | ||
7de8c666 MW |
935 | \begin{describe}{fun} |
936 | {format-banner-comment @<stream> @<control> \&rest @<args>} | |
937 | \end{describe} | |
938 | ||
fcb6c0fb MW |
939 | \begin{table} |
940 | \begin{tabular}[C]{ll>{\codeface}l} \hlx*{hv} | |
941 | \thd{Class name} & | |
942 | \thd{Arguments} & | |
943 | \thd{Output format} \\ \hlx{vhv} | |
167524b5 MW |
944 | @|var| & @<name> @<type> @|\&optional| @<init> |
945 | & @<type> @<name> @[= @<init>@]; | |
fcb6c0fb MW |
946 | \\ \hlx{v} |
947 | @|set| & @<var> @<expr> & @<var> = @<expr>; \\ \hlx{v} | |
948 | @|update| & @<var> @<op> @<expr> & @<var> @<op>= @<expr>; | |
949 | \\ \hlx{v} | |
2d8d81c5 MW |
950 | @|cond| & @<cond> @<conseq> @<alt> & @<cond> ? @<conseq> : @<alt> |
951 | \\ \hlx{v} | |
fcb6c0fb MW |
952 | @|return| & @<expr> & return @[@<expr>@]; |
953 | \\ \hlx{v} | |
954 | @|break| & --- & break; \\ \hlx{v} | |
955 | @|continue| & --- & continue; \\ \hlx{v} | |
956 | @|expr| & @<expr> & @<expr>; \\ \hlx{v} | |
167524b5 MW |
957 | @|call| & @<func> @|\&rest| @<args> |
958 | & @<func>(@<arg>_1, | |
fcb6c0fb | 959 | $\ldots$, |
7de8c666 MW |
960 | @<arg>_n) \\ \hlx{v} |
961 | @|banner| & @<control> @|\&rest| @<args> | |
962 | & /* @<banner> */ \\ \hlx{vhv} | |
fcb6c0fb MW |
963 | @|block| & @<decls> @<body> & \{ @[@<decls>@] @<body> \} |
964 | \\ \hlx{v} | |
167524b5 MW |
965 | @|if| & @<cond> @<conseq> @|\&optional| @<alt> |
966 | & if (@<cond>) @<conseq> | |
fcb6c0fb | 967 | @[else @<alt>@] \\ \hlx{v} |
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968 | @|for| & @<init> @<cond> @<update> @<body> & |
969 | for (@<init>; @<cond>; @<update>) @<body> \\ \hlx{v} | |
fcb6c0fb MW |
970 | @|while| & @<cond> @<body> & while (@<cond>) @<body> |
971 | \\ \hlx{v} | |
972 | @|do-while| & @<body> @<cond> & do @<body> while (@<cond>); | |
973 | \\ \hlx{v} | |
7de8c666 MW |
974 | @|function| & |
975 | \vtop{\hbox{\strut @<name> @<type> @<body>} | |
976 | \hbox{\strut \quad @|\&optional @<banner>|} | |
977 | \hbox{\strut \quad @|\&rest| @<banner-args>}} & | |
978 | \vtop{\hbox{\strut @[/* @<banner> */@]} | |
979 | \hbox{\strut @<type>_0 @<name>(@<type>_1 @<arg>_1, $\ldots$, | |
167524b5 MW |
980 | @<type>_n @<arg>_n @[, \dots@])} |
981 | \hbox{\strut \quad @<body>}} \\ \hlx*{vh} | |
fcb6c0fb MW |
982 | \end{tabular} |
983 | \caption{Instruction classes} | |
984 | \label{tab:codegen.codegen.insts} | |
985 | \end{table} | |
986 | ||
31d4431b | 987 | |
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988 | \subsection{Code generation} \label{sec:clang.codegen.codegen} |
989 | ||
990 | \begin{describe}{gf}{codegen-functions @<codegen> @> @<list>} | |
991 | \end{describe} | |
992 | ||
993 | \begin{describe}{gf} | |
994 | {ensure-var @<codegen> @<name> @<type> \&optional @<init>} | |
995 | \end{describe} | |
996 | ||
997 | \begin{describe}{gf}{emit-inst @<codegen> @<inst>} | |
998 | \end{describe} | |
999 | ||
1000 | \begin{describe}{gf}{emit-insts @<codegen> @<insts>} | |
1001 | \end{describe} | |
1002 | ||
1003 | \begin{describe}{gf}{emit-decl @<codegen> @<decl>} | |
1004 | \end{describe} | |
1005 | ||
7c3f8ae6 | 1006 | \begin{describe}{gf}{emit-decls @<codegen> @<decls>} |
fcb6c0fb MW |
1007 | \end{describe} |
1008 | ||
7de8c666 MW |
1009 | \begin{describe}{fun}{emit-banner @<codegen> @<control> \&rest @<args>} |
1010 | \end{describe} | |
1011 | ||
fcb6c0fb MW |
1012 | \begin{describe}{gf}{codegen-push @<codegen>} |
1013 | \end{describe} | |
1014 | ||
1015 | \begin{describe}{gf}{codegen-pop @<codegen> @> @<decls> @<insts>} | |
1016 | \end{describe} | |
1017 | ||
1018 | \begin{describe}{gf}{codegen-pop-block @<codegen> @> @<block-inst>} | |
1019 | \end{describe} | |
1020 | ||
1021 | \begin{describe}{gf} | |
1022 | {codegen-pop-function @<codegen> @<name> @<type> @> @<name>} | |
1023 | \end{describe} | |
1024 | ||
1025 | \begin{describe}{gf}{codegen-add-function @<codegen> @<function>} | |
1026 | \end{describe} | |
1027 | ||
1028 | \begin{describe}{fun} | |
1029 | {codegen-build-function @<codegen> @<name> @<type> @<vars> @<insts> | |
1030 | @> @<name>} | |
1031 | \end{describe} | |
1032 | ||
1033 | \begin{describe}{gf}{temporary-var @<codegen> @<type> @> @<name>} | |
1034 | \end{describe} | |
1035 | ||
1036 | \begin{describe}{mac} | |
cac85e0b MW |
1037 | {with-temporary-var (@<codegen> @<var> @<type>) \\ \ind |
1038 | @<declaration>^* \\ | |
1039 | @<form>^* \- | |
1040 | \nlret @<value>^*} | |
fcb6c0fb MW |
1041 | \end{describe} |
1042 | ||
1043 | \begin{describe}{fun}{deliver-expr @<codegen> @<target> @<expr>} | |
1044 | \end{describe} | |
1045 | ||
357885be MW |
1046 | \begin{describe}{fun} |
1047 | {deliver-call @<codegen> @<target> @<func> \&rest @<args>} | |
1048 | \end{describe} | |
1049 | ||
fcb6c0fb MW |
1050 | \begin{describe}{fun}{convert-stmts @<codegen> @<target> @<type> @<func>} |
1051 | \end{describe} | |
1052 | ||
1053 | \begin{describe}{cls}{codegen () \&key :vars :insts (:temp-index 0)} | |
1054 | \end{describe} | |
1055 | ||
2c7465ac MW |
1056 | %%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
1057 | \section{Literal C code fragments} \label{sec:clang.fragment} | |
1058 | ||
1059 | \begin{describe}{cls}{c-fragment () \&key :location :text} | |
1060 | \end{describe} | |
1061 | ||
1062 | \begin{describe}{gf}{c-fragment-text @<fragment> @> @<string>} | |
1063 | \end{describe} | |
1064 | ||
1065 | \begin{describe}{fun} | |
1066 | {scan-c-fragment @<scanner> @<end-chars> | |
1067 | @> @<result> @<success-flag> @<consumed-flag>} | |
1068 | \end{describe} | |
1069 | ||
1070 | \begin{describe}{fun} | |
1071 | {parse-delimited-fragment @<scanner> @<begin> @<end> \&key :keep-end | |
1072 | \nlret @<result> @<success-flag> @<consumed-flag>} | |
1073 | \end{describe} | |
1074 | ||
dea4d055 MW |
1075 | %%%----- That's all, folks -------------------------------------------------- |
1076 | ||
1077 | %%% Local variables: | |
1078 | %%% mode: LaTeX | |
1079 | %%% TeX-master: "sod.tex" | |
1080 | %%% TeX-PDF-mode: t | |
1081 | %%% End: |