2 * This file is part of DisOrder.
3 * Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 Richard Kettlewell
5 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
6 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
8 * (at your option) any later version.
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
11 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
13 * General Public License for more details.
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
17 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307
20 /** @file clients/playrtp.c
23 * This player supports Linux (<a href="http://www.alsa-project.org/">ALSA</a>)
25 * href="http://developer.apple.com/audio/coreaudio.html">Core Audio</a>)
26 * systems. There is no support for Microsoft Windows yet, and that will in
27 * fact probably an entirely separate program.
29 * The program runs (at least) three threads. listen_thread() is responsible
30 * for reading RTP packets off the wire and adding them to the linked list @ref
31 * received_packets, assuming they are basically sound. queue_thread() takes
32 * packets off this linked list and adds them to @ref packets (an operation
33 * which might be much slower due to contention for @ref lock).
35 * The main thread is responsible for actually playing audio. In ALSA this
36 * means it waits until ALSA says it's ready for more audio which it then
37 * plays. See @ref clients/playrtp-alsa.c.
39 * In Core Audio the main thread is only responsible for starting and stopping
40 * play: the system does the actual playback in its own private thread, and
41 * calls adioproc() to fetch the audio data. See @ref
42 * clients/playrtp-coreaudio.c.
44 * Sometimes it happens that there is no audio available to play. This may
45 * because the server went away, or a packet was dropped, or the server
46 * deliberately did not send any sound because it encountered a silence.
49 * - it is safe to read uint32_t values without a lock protecting them
58 #include <sys/socket.h>
59 #include <sys/types.h>
60 #include <sys/socket.h>
68 #include <netinet/in.h>
77 #include "configuration.h"
87 #include "inputline.h"
90 #define readahead linux_headers_are_borked
92 /** @brief Obsolete synonym */
93 #ifndef IPV6_JOIN_GROUP
94 # define IPV6_JOIN_GROUP IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP
97 /** @brief RTP socket */
100 /** @brief Log output */
103 /** @brief Output device */
106 /** @brief Minimum low watermark
108 * We'll stop playing if there's only this many samples in the buffer. */
109 unsigned minbuffer = 2 * 44100 / 10; /* 0.2 seconds */
111 /** @brief Buffer high watermark
113 * We'll only start playing when this many samples are available. */
114 static unsigned readahead = 2 * 2 * 44100;
116 /** @brief Maximum buffer size
118 * We'll stop reading from the network if we have this many samples. */
119 static unsigned maxbuffer;
121 /** @brief Received packets
122 * Protected by @ref receive_lock
124 * Received packets are added to this list, and queue_thread() picks them off
125 * it and adds them to @ref packets. Whenever a packet is added to it, @ref
126 * receive_cond is signalled.
128 struct packet *received_packets;
130 /** @brief Tail of @ref received_packets
131 * Protected by @ref receive_lock
133 struct packet **received_tail = &received_packets;
135 /** @brief Lock protecting @ref received_packets
137 * Only listen_thread() and queue_thread() ever hold this lock. It is vital
138 * that queue_thread() not hold it any longer than it strictly has to. */
139 pthread_mutex_t receive_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
141 /** @brief Condition variable signalled when @ref received_packets is updated
143 * Used by listen_thread() to notify queue_thread() that it has added another
144 * packet to @ref received_packets. */
145 pthread_cond_t receive_cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
147 /** @brief Length of @ref received_packets */
150 /** @brief Binary heap of received packets */
151 struct pheap packets;
153 /** @brief Total number of samples available
155 * We make this volatile because we inspect it without a protecting lock,
156 * so the usual pthread_* guarantees aren't available.
158 volatile uint32_t nsamples;
160 /** @brief Timestamp of next packet to play.
162 * This is set to the timestamp of the last packet, plus the number of
163 * samples it contained. Only valid if @ref active is nonzero.
165 uint32_t next_timestamp;
167 /** @brief True if actively playing
169 * This is true when playing and false when just buffering. */
172 /** @brief Lock protecting @ref packets */
173 pthread_mutex_t lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
175 /** @brief Condition variable signalled whenever @ref packets is changed */
176 pthread_cond_t cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
178 #if HAVE_ALSA_ASOUNDLIB_H
179 # define DEFAULT_BACKEND playrtp_alsa
180 #elif HAVE_SYS_SOUNDCARD_H || EMPEG_HOST
181 # define DEFAULT_BACKEND playrtp_oss
182 #elif HAVE_COREAUDIO_AUDIOHARDWARE_H
183 # define DEFAULT_BACKEND playrtp_coreaudio
185 # error No known backend
188 /** @brief Backend to play with */
189 static void (*backend)(void) = &DEFAULT_BACKEND;
191 HEAP_DEFINE(pheap, struct packet *, lt_packet);
193 /** @brief Control socket or NULL */
194 const char *control_socket;
196 /** @brief Buffer for debugging dump
198 * The debug dump is enabled by the @c --dump option. It records the last 20s
199 * of audio to the specified file (which will be about 3.5Mbytes). The file is
200 * written as as ring buffer, so the start point will progress through it.
202 * Use clients/dump2wav to convert this to a WAV file, which can then be loaded
203 * into (e.g.) Audacity for further inspection.
205 * All three backends (ALSA, OSS, Core Audio) now support this option.
207 * The idea is to allow the user a few seconds to react to an audible artefact.
209 int16_t *dump_buffer;
211 /** @brief Current index within debugging dump */
214 /** @brief Size of debugging dump in samples */
215 size_t dump_size = 44100/*Hz*/ * 2/*channels*/ * 20/*seconds*/;
217 static const struct option options[] = {
218 { "help", no_argument, 0, 'h' },
219 { "version", no_argument, 0, 'V' },
220 { "debug", no_argument, 0, 'd' },
221 { "device", required_argument, 0, 'D' },
222 { "min", required_argument, 0, 'm' },
223 { "max", required_argument, 0, 'x' },
224 { "buffer", required_argument, 0, 'b' },
225 { "rcvbuf", required_argument, 0, 'R' },
226 #if HAVE_SYS_SOUNDCARD_H || EMPEG_HOST
227 { "oss", no_argument, 0, 'o' },
229 #if HAVE_ALSA_ASOUNDLIB_H
230 { "alsa", no_argument, 0, 'a' },
232 #if HAVE_COREAUDIO_AUDIOHARDWARE_H
233 { "core-audio", no_argument, 0, 'c' },
235 { "dump", required_argument, 0, 'r' },
236 { "socket", required_argument, 0, 's' },
237 { "config", required_argument, 0, 'C' },
241 /** @brief Control thread
243 * This thread is responsible for accepting control commands from Disobedience
244 * (or other controllers) over an AF_UNIX stream socket with a path specified
245 * by the @c --socket option. The protocol uses simple string commands and
248 * - @c stop will shut the player down
249 * - @c query will send back the reply @c running
250 * - anything else is ignored
252 * Commands and response strings terminated by shutting down the connection or
253 * by a newline. No attempt is made to multiplex multiple clients so it is
254 * important that the command be sent as soon as the connection is made - it is
255 * assumed that both parties to the protocol are entirely cooperating with one
258 static void *control_thread(void attribute((unused)) *arg) {
259 struct sockaddr_un sa;
265 assert(control_socket);
266 unlink(control_socket);
267 memset(&sa, 0, sizeof sa);
268 sa.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
269 strcpy(sa.sun_path, control_socket);
270 sfd = xsocket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
271 if(bind(sfd, (const struct sockaddr *)&sa, sizeof sa) < 0)
272 fatal(errno, "error binding to %s", control_socket);
273 if(listen(sfd, 128) < 0)
274 fatal(errno, "error calling listen on %s", control_socket);
275 info("listening on %s", control_socket);
278 cfd = accept(sfd, (struct sockaddr *)&sa, &salen);
285 fatal(errno, "error calling accept on %s", control_socket);
288 if(!(fp = fdopen(cfd, "r+"))) {
289 error(errno, "error calling fdopen for %s connection", control_socket);
293 if(!inputline(control_socket, fp, &line, '\n')) {
294 if(!strcmp(line, "stop")) {
295 info("stopped via %s", control_socket);
296 exit(0); /* terminate immediately */
298 if(!strcmp(line, "query"))
299 fprintf(fp, "running");
303 error(errno, "error closing %s connection", control_socket);
307 /** @brief Drop the first packet
309 * Assumes that @ref lock is held.
311 static void drop_first_packet(void) {
312 if(pheap_count(&packets)) {
313 struct packet *const p = pheap_remove(&packets);
314 nsamples -= p->nsamples;
315 playrtp_free_packet(p);
316 pthread_cond_broadcast(&cond);
320 /** @brief Background thread adding packets to heap
322 * This just transfers packets from @ref received_packets to @ref packets. It
323 * is important that it holds @ref receive_lock for as little time as possible,
324 * in order to minimize the interval between calls to read() in
327 static void *queue_thread(void attribute((unused)) *arg) {
331 /* Get the next packet */
332 pthread_mutex_lock(&receive_lock);
333 while(!received_packets) {
334 pthread_cond_wait(&receive_cond, &receive_lock);
336 p = received_packets;
337 received_packets = p->next;
338 if(!received_packets)
339 received_tail = &received_packets;
341 pthread_mutex_unlock(&receive_lock);
342 /* Add it to the heap */
343 pthread_mutex_lock(&lock);
344 pheap_insert(&packets, p);
345 nsamples += p->nsamples;
346 pthread_cond_broadcast(&cond);
347 pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock);
351 /** @brief Background thread collecting samples
353 * This function collects samples, perhaps converts them to the target format,
354 * and adds them to the packet list.
356 * It is crucial that the gap between successive calls to read() is as small as
357 * possible: otherwise packets will be dropped.
359 * We use a binary heap to ensure that the unavoidable effort is at worst
360 * logarithmic in the total number of packets - in fact if packets are mostly
361 * received in order then we will largely do constant work per packet since the
362 * newest packet will always be last.
364 * Of more concern is that we must acquire the lock on the heap to add a packet
365 * to it. If this proves a problem in practice then the answer would be
366 * (probably doubly) linked list with new packets added the end and a second
367 * thread which reads packets off the list and adds them to the heap.
369 * We keep memory allocation (mostly) very fast by keeping pre-allocated
370 * packets around; see @ref playrtp_new_packet().
372 static void *listen_thread(void attribute((unused)) *arg) {
373 struct packet *p = 0;
375 struct rtp_header header;
382 p = playrtp_new_packet();
383 iov[0].iov_base = &header;
384 iov[0].iov_len = sizeof header;
385 iov[1].iov_base = p->samples_raw;
386 iov[1].iov_len = sizeof p->samples_raw / sizeof *p->samples_raw;
387 n = readv(rtpfd, iov, 2);
393 fatal(errno, "error reading from socket");
396 /* Ignore too-short packets */
397 if((size_t)n <= sizeof (struct rtp_header)) {
398 info("ignored a short packet");
401 timestamp = htonl(header.timestamp);
402 seq = htons(header.seq);
403 /* Ignore packets in the past */
404 if(active && lt(timestamp, next_timestamp)) {
405 info("dropping old packet, timestamp=%"PRIx32" < %"PRIx32,
406 timestamp, next_timestamp);
411 p->timestamp = timestamp;
412 /* Convert to target format */
413 if(header.mpt & 0x80)
415 switch(header.mpt & 0x7F) {
417 p->nsamples = (n - sizeof header) / sizeof(uint16_t);
419 /* TODO support other RFC3551 media types (when the speaker does) */
421 fatal(0, "unsupported RTP payload type %d",
425 fprintf(logfp, "sequence %u timestamp %"PRIx32" length %"PRIx32" end %"PRIx32"\n",
426 seq, timestamp, p->nsamples, timestamp + p->nsamples);
427 /* Stop reading if we've reached the maximum.
429 * This is rather unsatisfactory: it means that if packets get heavily
430 * out of order then we guarantee dropouts. But for now... */
431 if(nsamples >= maxbuffer) {
432 pthread_mutex_lock(&lock);
433 while(nsamples >= maxbuffer) {
434 pthread_cond_wait(&cond, &lock);
436 pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock);
438 /* Add the packet to the receive queue */
439 pthread_mutex_lock(&receive_lock);
441 received_tail = &p->next;
443 pthread_cond_signal(&receive_cond);
444 pthread_mutex_unlock(&receive_lock);
445 /* We'll need a new packet */
450 /** @brief Wait until the buffer is adequately full
452 * Must be called with @ref lock held.
454 void playrtp_fill_buffer(void) {
457 info("Buffering...");
458 while(nsamples < readahead) {
459 pthread_cond_wait(&cond, &lock);
461 next_timestamp = pheap_first(&packets)->timestamp;
465 /** @brief Find next packet
466 * @return Packet to play or NULL if none found
468 * The return packet is merely guaranteed not to be in the past: it might be
469 * the first packet in the future rather than one that is actually suitable to
472 * Must be called with @ref lock held.
474 struct packet *playrtp_next_packet(void) {
475 while(pheap_count(&packets)) {
476 struct packet *const p = pheap_first(&packets);
477 if(le(p->timestamp + p->nsamples, next_timestamp)) {
478 /* This packet is in the past. Drop it and try another one. */
481 /* This packet is NOT in the past. (It might be in the future
488 /** @brief Play an RTP stream
490 * This is the guts of the program. It is responsible for:
491 * - starting the listening thread
492 * - opening the audio device
493 * - reading ahead to build up a buffer
494 * - arranging for audio to be played
495 * - detecting when the buffer has got too small and re-buffering
497 static void play_rtp(void) {
501 /* We receive and convert audio data in a background thread */
502 if((err = pthread_create(<id, 0, listen_thread, 0)))
503 fatal(err, "pthread_create listen_thread");
504 /* We have a second thread to add received packets to the queue */
505 if((err = pthread_create(<id, 0, queue_thread, 0)))
506 fatal(err, "pthread_create queue_thread");
507 /* The rest of the work is backend-specific */
511 /* display usage message and terminate */
512 static void help(void) {
514 " disorder-playrtp [OPTIONS] ADDRESS [PORT]\n"
516 " --device, -D DEVICE Output device\n"
517 " --min, -m FRAMES Buffer low water mark\n"
518 " --buffer, -b FRAMES Buffer high water mark\n"
519 " --max, -x FRAMES Buffer maximum size\n"
520 " --rcvbuf, -R BYTES Socket receive buffer size\n"
521 " --config, -C PATH Set configuration file\n"
522 #if HAVE_ALSA_ASOUNDLIB_H
523 " --alsa, -a Use ALSA to play audio\n"
525 #if HAVE_SYS_SOUNDCARD_H || EMPEG_HOST
526 " --oss, -o Use OSS to play audio\n"
528 #if HAVE_COREAUDIO_AUDIOHARDWARE_H
529 " --core-audio, -c Use Core Audio to play audio\n"
531 " --help, -h Display usage message\n"
532 " --version, -V Display version number\n"
538 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
540 struct addrinfo *res;
541 struct stringlist sl;
543 int rcvbuf, target_rcvbuf = 131072;
546 struct ipv6_mreq mreq6;
548 char *address, *port;
552 struct sockaddr_in in;
553 struct sockaddr_in6 in6;
555 union any_sockaddr mgroup;
556 const char *dumpfile = 0;
558 static const struct addrinfo prefs = {
570 if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "")) fatal(errno, "error calling setlocale");
571 while((n = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hVdD:m:b:x:L:R:M:aocC:r", options, 0)) >= 0) {
574 case 'V': version("disorder-playrtp");
575 case 'd': debugging = 1; break;
576 case 'D': device = optarg; break;
577 case 'm': minbuffer = 2 * atol(optarg); break;
578 case 'b': readahead = 2 * atol(optarg); break;
579 case 'x': maxbuffer = 2 * atol(optarg); break;
580 case 'L': logfp = fopen(optarg, "w"); break;
581 case 'R': target_rcvbuf = atoi(optarg); break;
582 #if HAVE_ALSA_ASOUNDLIB_H
583 case 'a': backend = playrtp_alsa; break;
585 #if HAVE_SYS_SOUNDCARD_H || EMPEG_HOST
586 case 'o': backend = playrtp_oss; break;
588 #if HAVE_COREAUDIO_AUDIOHARDWARE_H
589 case 'c': backend = playrtp_coreaudio; break;
591 case 'C': configfile = optarg; break;
592 case 's': control_socket = optarg; break;
593 case 'r': dumpfile = optarg; break;
594 default: fatal(0, "invalid option");
597 if(config_read(0)) fatal(0, "cannot read configuration");
599 maxbuffer = 4 * readahead;
604 /* Get configuration from server */
605 if(!(c = disorder_new(1))) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
606 if(disorder_connect(c)) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
607 if(disorder_rtp_address(c, &address, &port)) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
609 sl.s = xcalloc(2, sizeof *sl.s);
615 /* Use command-line ADDRESS+PORT or just PORT */
620 fatal(0, "usage: disorder-playrtp [OPTIONS] [[ADDRESS] PORT]");
622 /* Look up address and port */
623 if(!(res = get_address(&sl, &prefs, &sockname)))
625 /* Create the socket */
626 if((rtpfd = socket(res->ai_family,
628 res->ai_protocol)) < 0)
629 fatal(errno, "error creating socket");
630 /* Stash the multicast group address */
631 if((is_multicast = multicast(res->ai_addr))) {
632 memcpy(&mgroup, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
633 switch(res->ai_addr->sa_family) {
635 mgroup.in.sin_port = 0;
638 mgroup.in6.sin6_port = 0;
643 switch(res->ai_addr->sa_family) {
645 memset(&((struct sockaddr_in *)res->ai_addr)->sin_addr, 0,
646 sizeof (struct in_addr));
649 memset(&((struct sockaddr_in6 *)res->ai_addr)->sin6_addr, 0,
650 sizeof (struct in6_addr));
653 fatal(0, "unsupported family %d", (int)res->ai_addr->sa_family);
655 if(bind(rtpfd, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) < 0)
656 fatal(errno, "error binding socket to %s", sockname);
658 switch(mgroup.sa.sa_family) {
660 mreq.imr_multiaddr = mgroup.in.sin_addr;
661 mreq.imr_interface.s_addr = 0; /* use primary interface */
662 if(setsockopt(rtpfd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,
663 &mreq, sizeof mreq) < 0)
664 fatal(errno, "error calling setsockopt IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP");
667 mreq6.ipv6mr_multiaddr = mgroup.in6.sin6_addr;
668 memset(&mreq6.ipv6mr_interface, 0, sizeof mreq6.ipv6mr_interface);
669 if(setsockopt(rtpfd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_JOIN_GROUP,
670 &mreq6, sizeof mreq6) < 0)
671 fatal(errno, "error calling setsockopt IPV6_JOIN_GROUP");
674 fatal(0, "unsupported address family %d", res->ai_family);
676 info("listening on %s multicast group %s",
677 format_sockaddr(res->ai_addr), format_sockaddr(&mgroup.sa));
679 info("listening on %s", format_sockaddr(res->ai_addr));
681 if(getsockopt(rtpfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &rcvbuf, &len) < 0)
682 fatal(errno, "error calling getsockopt SO_RCVBUF");
683 if(target_rcvbuf > rcvbuf) {
684 if(setsockopt(rtpfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF,
685 &target_rcvbuf, sizeof target_rcvbuf) < 0)
686 error(errno, "error calling setsockopt SO_RCVBUF %d",
688 /* We try to carry on anyway */
690 info("changed socket receive buffer from %d to %d",
691 rcvbuf, target_rcvbuf);
693 info("default socket receive buffer %d", rcvbuf);
695 info("WARNING: -L option can impact performance");
699 if((err = pthread_create(&tid, 0, control_thread, 0)))
700 fatal(err, "pthread_create control_thread");
704 unsigned char buffer[65536];
707 if((fd = open(dumpfile, O_RDWR|O_TRUNC|O_CREAT, 0666)) < 0)
708 fatal(errno, "opening %s", dumpfile);
709 /* Fill with 0s to a suitable size */
710 memset(buffer, 0, sizeof buffer);
711 for(written = 0; written < dump_size * sizeof(int16_t);
712 written += sizeof buffer) {
713 if(write(fd, buffer, sizeof buffer) < 0)
714 fatal(errno, "clearing %s", dumpfile);
716 /* Map the buffer into memory for convenience */
717 dump_buffer = mmap(0, dump_size * sizeof(int16_t), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
719 if(dump_buffer == (void *)-1)
720 fatal(errno, "mapping %s", dumpfile);
721 info("dumping to %s", dumpfile);