X-Git-Url: http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/ucgi/~ianmdlvl/git?p=elogind.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=src%2Fcore%2Fmain.c;h=bd7fc468b4109921dbfa3b3b41b143d11004ef72;hp=b50a1ca21540de6019b5f120983fcf50856ed422;hb=e62d8c394474;hpb=ddfa5101a2e0d94571c10e2bbc7c38b60dc6cba1 diff --git a/src/core/main.c b/src/core/main.c index b50a1ca21..bd7fc468b 100644 --- a/src/core/main.c +++ b/src/core/main.c @@ -52,16 +52,22 @@ #include "switch-root.h" #include "capability.h" #include "killall.h" +#include "env-util.h" +#include "hwclock.h" +#include "sd-daemon.h" #include "mount-setup.h" #include "loopback-setup.h" +#ifdef HAVE_KMOD #include "kmod-setup.h" +#endif #include "hostname-setup.h" #include "machine-id-setup.h" #include "locale-setup.h" -#include "hwclock.h" #include "selinux-setup.h" #include "ima-setup.h" +#include "fileio.h" +#include "smack-setup.h" static enum { ACTION_RUN, @@ -73,7 +79,7 @@ static enum { } arg_action = ACTION_RUN; static char *arg_default_unit = NULL; -static ManagerRunningAs arg_running_as = _MANAGER_RUNNING_AS_INVALID; +static SystemdRunningAs arg_running_as = _SYSTEMD_RUNNING_AS_INVALID; static bool arg_dump_core = true; static bool arg_crash_shell = false; @@ -110,8 +116,10 @@ _noreturn_ static void crash(int sig) { sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_RESTART; assert_se(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == 0); - if ((pid = fork()) < 0) - log_error("Caught <%s>, cannot fork for core dump: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(errno)); + pid = fork(); + if (pid < 0) + log_error("Caught <%s>, cannot fork for core dump: %s", + signal_to_string(sig), strerror(errno)); else if (pid == 0) { struct rlimit rl; @@ -141,12 +149,17 @@ _noreturn_ static void crash(int sig) { int r; /* Order things nicely. */ - if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0) - log_error("Caught <%s>, waitpid() failed: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(-r)); + r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status); + if (r < 0) + log_error("Caught <%s>, waitpid() failed: %s", + signal_to_string(sig), strerror(-r)); else if (status.si_code != CLD_DUMPED) - log_error("Caught <%s>, core dump failed.", signal_to_string(sig)); + log_error("Caught <%s>, core dump failed.", + signal_to_string(sig)); else - log_error("Caught <%s>, dumped core as pid %lu.", signal_to_string(sig), (unsigned long) pid); + log_error("Caught <%s>, dumped core as pid %lu.", + signal_to_string(sig), + (unsigned long) pid); } } @@ -177,7 +190,8 @@ _noreturn_ static void crash(int sig) { _exit(1); } - log_info("Successfully spawned crash shell as pid %lu.", (unsigned long) pid); + log_info("Successfully spawned crash shell as pid %lu.", + (unsigned long) pid); } log_info("Freezing execution."); @@ -339,7 +353,8 @@ static int parse_proc_cmdline_word(const char *word) { else arg_default_std_error = r; } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.setenv=")) { - char *cenv, *eq; + _cleanup_free_ char *cenv = NULL; + char *eq; int r; cenv = strdup(word + 15); @@ -348,40 +363,58 @@ static int parse_proc_cmdline_word(const char *word) { eq = strchr(cenv, '='); if (!eq) { - r = unsetenv(cenv); - if (r < 0) - log_warning("unsetenv failed %m. Ignoring."); + if (!env_name_is_valid(cenv)) + log_warning("Environment variable name '%s' is not valid. Ignoring.", cenv); + else { + r = unsetenv(cenv); + if (r < 0) + log_warning("Unsetting environment variable '%s' failed, ignoring: %m", cenv); + } } else { - *eq = 0; - r = setenv(cenv, eq + 1, 1); - if (r < 0) - log_warning("setenv failed %m. Ignoring."); + if (!env_assignment_is_valid(cenv)) + log_warning("Environment variable assignment '%s' is not valid. Ignoring.", cenv); + else { + *eq = 0; + r = setenv(cenv, eq + 1, 1); + if (r < 0) + log_warning("Setting environment variable '%s=%s' failed, ignoring: %m", cenv, eq + 1); + } } - free(cenv); } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.") || (in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd.systemd."))) { - log_warning("Unknown kernel switch %s. Ignoring.", word); - - log_info("Supported kernel switches:\n" - "systemd.unit=UNIT Default unit to start\n" - "rd.systemd.unit=UNIT Default unit to start when run in initrd\n" - "systemd.dump_core=0|1 Dump core on crash\n" - "systemd.crash_shell=0|1 Run shell on crash\n" - "systemd.crash_chvt=N Change to VT #N on crash\n" - "systemd.confirm_spawn=0|1 Confirm every process spawn\n" - "systemd.show_status=0|1 Show status updates on the console during bootup\n" - "systemd.log_target=console|kmsg|journal|journal-or-kmsg|syslog|syslog-or-kmsg|null\n" - " Log target\n" - "systemd.log_level=LEVEL Log level\n" - "systemd.log_color=0|1 Highlight important log messages\n" - "systemd.log_location=0|1 Include code location in log messages\n" - "systemd.default_standard_output=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n" - " Set default log output for services\n" - "systemd.default_standard_error=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n" - " Set default log error output for services\n" - "systemd.setenv=ASSIGNMENT Set an environment variable for all spawned processes\n"); + const char *c; + + /* Ignore systemd.journald.xyz and friends */ + c = word; + if (startswith(c, "rd.")) + c += 3; + if (startswith(c, "systemd.")) + c += 8; + if (c[strcspn(c, ".=")] != '.') { + + log_warning("Unknown kernel switch %s. Ignoring.", word); + + log_info("Supported kernel switches:\n" + "systemd.unit=UNIT Default unit to start\n" + "rd.systemd.unit=UNIT Default unit to start when run in initrd\n" + "systemd.dump_core=0|1 Dump core on crash\n" + "systemd.crash_shell=0|1 Run shell on crash\n" + "systemd.crash_chvt=N Change to VT #N on crash\n" + "systemd.confirm_spawn=0|1 Confirm every process spawn\n" + "systemd.show_status=0|1 Show status updates on the console during bootup\n" + "systemd.log_target=console|kmsg|journal|journal-or-kmsg|syslog|syslog-or-kmsg|null\n" + " Log target\n" + "systemd.log_level=LEVEL Log level\n" + "systemd.log_color=0|1 Highlight important log messages\n" + "systemd.log_location=0|1 Include code location in log messages\n" + "systemd.default_standard_output=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n" + " Set default log output for services\n" + "systemd.default_standard_error=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n" + " Set default log error output for services\n" + "systemd.setenv=ASSIGNMENT Set an environment variable for all spawned processes\n"); + } } else if (streq(word, "quiet")) arg_show_status = false; @@ -684,7 +717,7 @@ static int parse_config_file(void) { const char *fn; int r; - fn = arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM ? SYSTEM_CONFIG_FILE : USER_CONFIG_FILE; + fn = arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM ? SYSTEM_CONFIG_FILE : USER_CONFIG_FILE; f = fopen(fn, "re"); if (!f) { if (errno == ENOENT) @@ -727,12 +760,13 @@ static int parse_proc_cmdline(void) { } r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(word); - free(word); - if (r < 0) { log_error("Failed on cmdline argument %s: %s", word, strerror(-r)); + free(word); goto finish; } + + free(word); } r = 0; @@ -871,11 +905,11 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) { break; case ARG_SYSTEM: - arg_running_as = MANAGER_SYSTEM; + arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_SYSTEM; break; case ARG_USER: - arg_running_as = MANAGER_USER; + arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_USER; break; case ARG_TEST: @@ -930,14 +964,18 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) { int fd; FILE *f; - if ((r = safe_atoi(optarg, &fd)) < 0 || fd < 0) { + r = safe_atoi(optarg, &fd); + if (r < 0 || fd < 0) { log_error("Failed to parse deserialize option %s.", optarg); - return r; + return r < 0 ? r : -EINVAL; } - if (!(f = fdopen(fd, "r"))) { + fd_cloexec(fd, true); + + f = fdopen(fd, "r"); + if (!f) { log_error("Failed to open serialization fd: %m"); - return r; + return -errno; } if (serialization) @@ -1056,7 +1094,6 @@ static int help(void) { static int version(void) { puts(PACKAGE_STRING); - puts(DISTRIBUTION); puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES); return 0; @@ -1124,6 +1161,42 @@ fail: return r; } +static int bump_rlimit_nofile(struct rlimit *saved_rlimit) { + struct rlimit nl; + int r; + + assert(saved_rlimit); + + /* Save the original RLIMIT_NOFILE so that we can reset it + * later when transitioning from the initrd to the main + * systemd or suchlike. */ + if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, saved_rlimit) < 0) { + log_error("Reading RLIMIT_NOFILE failed: %m"); + return -errno; + } + + /* Make sure forked processes get the default kernel setting */ + if (!arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE]) { + struct rlimit *rl; + + rl = newdup(struct rlimit, saved_rlimit, 1); + if (!rl) + return log_oom(); + + arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE] = rl; + } + + /* Bump up the resource limit for ourselves substantially */ + nl.rlim_cur = nl.rlim_max = 64*1024; + r = setrlimit_closest(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &nl); + if (r < 0) { + log_error("Setting RLIMIT_NOFILE failed: %s", strerror(-r)); + return r; + } + + return 0; +} + static struct dual_timestamp* parse_initrd_timestamp(struct dual_timestamp *t) { const char *e; unsigned long long a, b; @@ -1190,6 +1263,28 @@ static void test_cgroups(void) { sleep(10); } +static int initialize_join_controllers(void) { + /* By default, mount "cpu" + "cpuacct" together, and "net_cls" + * + "net_prio". We'd like to add "cpuset" to the mix, but + * "cpuset" does't really work for groups with no initialized + * attributes. */ + + arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 3); + if (!arg_join_controllers) + return -ENOMEM; + + arg_join_controllers[0] = strv_new("cpu", "cpuacct", NULL); + if (!arg_join_controllers[0]) + return -ENOMEM; + + arg_join_controllers[1] = strv_new("net_cls", "net_prio", NULL); + if (!arg_join_controllers[1]) + return -ENOMEM; + + arg_join_controllers[2] = NULL; + return 0; +} + int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { Manager *m = NULL; int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE; @@ -1206,6 +1301,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { bool arm_reboot_watchdog = false; bool queue_default_job = false; char *switch_root_dir = NULL, *switch_root_init = NULL; + static struct rlimit saved_rlimit_nofile = { 0, 0 }; #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT if (getpid() != 1 && strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) { @@ -1222,19 +1318,13 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { /* Determine if this is a reexecution or normal bootup. We do * the full command line parsing much later, so let's just * have a quick peek here. */ - for (j = 1; j < argc; j++) - if (streq(argv[j], "--deserialize")) { - skip_setup = true; - break; - } + if (strv_find(argv+1, "--deserialize")) + skip_setup = true; /* If we have switched root, do all the special setup * things */ - for (j = 1; j < argc; j++) - if (streq(argv[j], "--switched-root")) { - skip_setup = false; - break; - } + if (strv_find(argv+1, "--switched-root")) + skip_setup = false; /* If we get started via the /sbin/init symlink then we are called 'init'. After a subsequent reexecution we are then @@ -1247,10 +1337,15 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { saved_argc = argc; log_show_color(isatty(STDERR_FILENO) > 0); - log_show_location(false); - log_set_max_level(LOG_INFO); - if (getpid() == 1) { + if (getpid() == 1 && detect_container(NULL) <= 0) { + + /* Running outside of a container as PID 1 */ + arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_SYSTEM; + make_null_stdio(); + log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_KMSG); + log_open(); + if (in_initrd()) { char *rd_timestamp = NULL; @@ -1264,34 +1359,69 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { } } - arg_running_as = MANAGER_SYSTEM; - log_set_target(detect_container(NULL) > 0 ? LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL : LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG); - if (!skip_setup) { + mount_setup_early(); if (selinux_setup(&loaded_policy) < 0) goto finish; if (ima_setup() < 0) goto finish; + if (smack_setup() < 0) + goto finish; } - log_open(); - if (label_init(NULL) < 0) goto finish; - if (!skip_setup) + if (!skip_setup) { if (hwclock_is_localtime() > 0) { int min; - r = hwclock_apply_localtime_delta(&min); + /* The first-time call to settimeofday() does a time warp in the kernel */ + r = hwclock_set_timezone(&min); if (r < 0) log_error("Failed to apply local time delta, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r)); else log_info("RTC configured in localtime, applying delta of %i minutes to system time.", min); + } else if (!in_initrd()) { + /* + * Do dummy first-time call to seal the kernel's time warp magic + * + * Do not call this this from inside the initrd. The initrd might not + * carry /etc/adjtime with LOCAL, but the real system could be set up + * that way. In such case, we need to delay the time-warp or the sealing + * until we reach the real system. + */ + hwclock_reset_timezone(); + + /* Tell the kernel our time zone */ + r = hwclock_set_timezone(NULL); + if (r < 0) + log_error("Failed to set the kernel's time zone, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r)); } + } + + /* Set the default for later on, but don't actually + * open the logs like this for now. Note that if we + * are transitioning from the initrd there might still + * be journal fd open, and we shouldn't attempt + * opening that before we parsed /proc/cmdline which + * might redirect output elsewhere. */ + log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG); + + } else if (getpid() == 1) { + + /* Running inside a container, as PID 1 */ + arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_SYSTEM; + log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE); + log_open(); + + /* For the later on, see above... */ + log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL); } else { - arg_running_as = MANAGER_USER; + + /* Running as user instance */ + arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_USER; log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO); log_open(); } @@ -1303,20 +1433,13 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { goto finish; } - /* By default, mount "cpu" and "cpuacct" together */ - arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 2); - if (!arg_join_controllers) - goto finish; - - arg_join_controllers[0] = strv_new("cpu", "cpuacct", NULL); - arg_join_controllers[1] = NULL; - - if (!arg_join_controllers[0]) + r = initialize_join_controllers(); + if (r < 0) goto finish; /* Mount /proc, /sys and friends, so that /proc/cmdline and * /proc/$PID/fd is available. */ - if (geteuid() == 0 && !getenv("SYSTEMD_SKIP_API_MOUNTS")) { + if (getpid() == 1) { r = mount_setup(loaded_policy); if (r < 0) goto finish; @@ -1331,7 +1454,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { if (parse_config_file() < 0) goto finish; - if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM) + if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) if (parse_proc_cmdline() < 0) goto finish; @@ -1340,12 +1463,20 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { if (parse_argv(argc, argv) < 0) goto finish; - if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST && geteuid() == 0) { + if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST && + geteuid() == 0) { log_error("Don't run test mode as root."); goto finish; } - if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM && + if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_USER && + arg_action == ACTION_RUN && + sd_booted() <= 0) { + log_error("Trying to run as user instance, but the system has not been booted with systemd."); + goto finish; + } + + if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && arg_action == ACTION_RUN && running_in_chroot() > 0) { log_error("Cannot be run in a chroot() environment."); @@ -1373,16 +1504,15 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { log_close(); /* Remember open file descriptors for later deserialization */ - if (serialization) { - r = fdset_new_fill(&fds); - if (r < 0) { - log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r)); - goto finish; - } + r = fdset_new_fill(&fds); + if (r < 0) { + log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r)); + goto finish; + } else + fdset_cloexec(fds, true); + if (serialization) assert_se(fdset_remove(fds, fileno(serialization)) >= 0); - } else - close_all_fds(NULL, 0); /* Set up PATH unless it is already set */ setenv("PATH", @@ -1391,9 +1521,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { #else "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin", #endif - arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM); + arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM); - if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM) { + if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) { /* Parse the data passed to us. We leave this * variables set, but the manager later on will not * pass them on to our children. */ @@ -1417,6 +1547,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { unsetenv("USER"); unsetenv("LOGNAME"); + /* We suppress the socket activation env vars, as + * we'll try to match *any* open fd to units if + * possible. */ + unsetenv("LISTEN_FDS"); + unsetenv("LISTEN_PID"); + /* All other variables are left as is, so that clients * can still read them via /proc/1/environ */ } @@ -1424,7 +1560,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { /* Move out of the way, so that we won't block unmounts */ assert_se(chdir("/") == 0); - if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM) { + if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) { /* Become a session leader if we aren't one yet. */ setsid(); @@ -1437,29 +1573,26 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { /* Reset the console, but only if this is really init and we * are freshly booted */ - if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM && arg_action == ACTION_RUN) { + if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && arg_action == ACTION_RUN) console_setup(getpid() == 1 && !skip_setup); - make_null_stdio(); - } /* Open the logging devices, if possible and necessary */ log_open(); /* Make sure we leave a core dump without panicing the * kernel. */ - if (getpid() == 1) + if (getpid() == 1) { install_crash_handler(); - if (geteuid() == 0 && !getenv("SYSTEMD_SKIP_API_MOUNTS")) { r = mount_cgroup_controllers(arg_join_controllers); if (r < 0) goto finish; } - if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM) { + if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) { const char *virtualization = NULL; - log_info(PACKAGE_STRING " running in system mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES "; " DISTRIBUTION ")"); + log_info(PACKAGE_STRING " running in system mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES ")"); detect_virtualization(&virtualization); if (virtualization) @@ -1469,15 +1602,17 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { log_info("Running in initial RAM disk."); } else - log_debug(PACKAGE_STRING " running in user mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES "; " DISTRIBUTION ")"); + log_debug(PACKAGE_STRING " running in user mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES ")"); - if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM && !skip_setup) { + if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && !skip_setup) { locale_setup(); if (arg_show_status || plymouth_running()) status_welcome(); +#ifdef HAVE_KMOD kmod_setup(); +#endif hostname_setup(); machine_id_setup(); loopback_setup(); @@ -1487,7 +1622,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { test_cgroups(); } - if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM && arg_runtime_watchdog > 0) + if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && arg_runtime_watchdog > 0) watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_runtime_watchdog); if (arg_timer_slack_nsec != (nsec_t) -1) @@ -1507,7 +1642,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { } } - if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_USER) { + if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_USER) { /* Become reaper of our children */ if (prctl(PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER, 1) < 0) { log_warning("Failed to make us a subreaper: %m"); @@ -1516,6 +1651,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { } } + if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) + bump_rlimit_nofile(&saved_rlimit_nofile); + r = manager_new(arg_running_as, &m); if (r < 0) { log_error("Failed to allocate manager object: %s", strerror(-r)); @@ -1549,10 +1687,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { /* This will close all file descriptors that were opened, but * not claimed by any unit. */ - if (fds) { - fdset_free(fds); - fds = NULL; - } + fdset_free(fds); if (serialization) { fclose(serialization); @@ -1601,12 +1736,23 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { manager_dump_units(m, stdout, "\t"); } - r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_REPLACE, false, &error, &default_unit_job); - if (r < 0) { - log_error("Failed to start default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r)); + r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_ISOLATE, false, &error, &default_unit_job); + if (r == -EPERM) { + log_error("Default target could not be isolated, starting instead: %s", bus_error(&error, r)); + dbus_error_free(&error); + + r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_REPLACE, false, &error, &default_unit_job); + if (r < 0) { + log_error("Failed to start default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r)); + dbus_error_free(&error); + goto finish; + } + } else if (r < 0) { + log_error("Failed to isolate default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r)); dbus_error_free(&error); goto finish; } + m->default_unit_job_id = default_unit_job->id; after_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC); @@ -1694,7 +1840,7 @@ finish: manager_free(m); for (j = 0; j < RLIMIT_NLIMITS; j++) - free (arg_default_rlimit[j]); + free(arg_default_rlimit[j]); free(arg_default_unit); strv_free(arg_default_controllers); @@ -1712,6 +1858,12 @@ finish: * rebooted while we do that */ watchdog_close(true); + /* Reset the RLIMIT_NOFILE to the kernel default, so + * that the new systemd can pass the kernel default to + * its child processes */ + if (saved_rlimit_nofile.rlim_cur > 0) + setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &saved_rlimit_nofile); + if (switch_root_dir) { /* Kill all remaining processes from the * initrd, but don't wait for them, so that we @@ -1746,7 +1898,7 @@ finish: args[i++] = SYSTEMD_BINARY_PATH; if (switch_root_dir) args[i++] = "--switched-root"; - args[i++] = arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM ? "--system" : "--user"; + args[i++] = arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM ? "--system" : "--user"; args[i++] = "--deserialize"; args[i++] = sfd; args[i++] = NULL;