X-Git-Url: http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/ucgi/~ianmdlvl/git?p=elogind.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=man%2Fudev.xml;h=a948ea79a94b86ce69f20f826ff668c12eceb6d2;hp=168b1dc1501e84c708041c394bc20eee81ceeb5c;hb=0a6f50c0afdfc434b492493bd9efab20cbee8623;hpb=d3a2386d15d73b34fa990960696f87e0503ffdb2 diff --git a/man/udev.xml b/man/udev.xml index 168b1dc15..a948ea79a 100644 --- a/man/udev.xml +++ b/man/udev.xml @@ -1,5 +1,4 @@ - - + @@ -30,7 +29,7 @@ udev - Linux dynamic device management + Dynamic device management Description @@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ names provide a way to reliably identify devices based on their properties or current configuration. - The udev daemon, udevd + The udev daemon, systemd-udevd.service 8, receives device uevents directly from the kernel whenever a device is added or removed from the system, or it changes its state. When udev receives a device event, it matches its configured set of rules @@ -54,57 +53,27 @@ sources is provided by the library libudev. - Configuration - udev configuration files are placed in /etc/udev - and /usr/lib/udev. All empty lines or lines beginning with - '#' are ignored. - - Configuration file - udev expects its main configuration file at /etc/udev/udev.conf. - It consists of a set of variables allowing the user to override default udev values. - The following variables can be set: - - - - - Specifies where to place the device nodes in the filesystem. - The default value is /dev. - - - - - - - The logging priority. Valid values are the numerical syslog priorities - or their textual representations: , - and . - - - - - - Rules files + Rules Files The udev rules are read from the files located in the system rules directory /usr/lib/udev/rules.d, the volatile runtime directory /run/udev/rules.d and the local administration directory /etc/udev/rules.d. All rules files are collectively sorted and processed in lexical order, regardless of the directories in which they live. However, files with - identical file names replace each other. Files in /etc + identical filenames replace each other. Files in /etc have the highest priority, files in /run take precedence - over files with the same name in /lib. This can be + over files with the same name in /usr/lib. This can be used to override a system-supplied rules file with a local file if needed; a symlink in /etc with the same name as a rules file in - /lib, pointing to /dev/null, - disables the rules file entirely. - - Rule files must have the extension .rules; other - extensions are ignored. + /usr/lib, pointing to /dev/null, + disables the rules file entirely. Rule files must have the extension + .rules; other extensions are ignored. Every line in the rules file contains at least one key-value pair. - There are two kind of keys: match and assignment. - If all match keys are matching against its value, the rule gets applied and the - assignment keys get the specified value assigned. + Except for empty lines or lines beginning with #, which are ignored. + There are two kinds of keys: match and assignment. + If all match keys match against their values, the rule gets applied and the + assignment keys get the specified values assigned. A matching rule may rename a network interface, add symlinks pointing to the device node, or run a specified program as part of @@ -115,21 +84,21 @@ operators are: - + == Compare for equality. - + != Compare for inequality. - + = Assign a value to a key. Keys that represent a list are reset and only this single value is assigned. @@ -137,14 +106,21 @@ - + += Add the value to a key that holds a list of entries. - + -= + + Remove the value from a key that holds a list of entries. + + + + + := Assign a value to a key finally; disallow any later changes. @@ -156,30 +132,30 @@ not only the device that has generated the event. If multiple keys that match a parent device are specified in a single rule, all these keys must match at one and the same parent device. - + - + ACTION Match the name of the event action. - + DEVPATH Match the devpath of the event device. - + KERNEL Match the name of the event device. - + NAME Match the name of a network interface. It can be used once the NAME key has been set in one of the preceding rules. @@ -187,7 +163,7 @@ - + SYMLINK Match the name of a symlink targeting the node. It can be used once a SYMLINK key has been set in one of the preceding @@ -197,20 +173,20 @@ - + SUBSYSTEM Match the subsystem of the event device. - + DRIVER Match the driver name of the event device. Only set this key for devices which are bound to a driver at the time the event is generated. - + ATTR{filename} Match sysfs attribute values of the event device. Trailing whitespace in the attribute values is ignored unless the specified match @@ -220,59 +196,59 @@ - + KERNELS Search the devpath upwards for a matching device name. - + SUBSYSTEMS Search the devpath upwards for a matching device subsystem name. - + DRIVERS Search the devpath upwards for a matching device driver name. - + ATTRS{filename} Search the devpath upwards for a device with matching sysfs attribute values. - If multiple matches are specified, all of them + If multiple ATTRS matches are specified, all of them must match on the same device. Trailing whitespace in the attribute values is ignored unless the specified match value itself contains trailing whitespace. - + TAGS Search the devpath upwards for a device with matching tag. - + ENV{key} Match against a device property value. - + TAG Match against a device tag. - + TEST{octal mode mask} Test the existence of a file. An octal mode mask can be specified if needed. @@ -280,82 +256,103 @@ - + PROGRAM Execute a program to determine whether there is a match; the key is true if the program returns successfully. The device properties are made available to the - executed program in the environment. The program's stdout - is available in the RESULT key. + executed program in the environment. The program's standard output + is available in the RESULT key. + This can only be used for very short-running foreground tasks. For details, + see RUN. - + RESULT - Match the returned string of the last PROGRAM call. This key can - be used in the same or in any later rule after a PROGRAM call. + Match the returned string of the last PROGRAM call. + This key can be used in the same or in any later rule after a + PROGRAM call. - Most of the fields support shell-style pattern matching. The following - pattern characters are supported: + Most of the fields support shell glob pattern matching and + alternate patterns. The following special characters are supported: - + * Matches zero or more characters. - + ? Matches any single character. - + [] Matches any single character specified within the brackets. For - example, the pattern string 'tty[SR]' would match either 'ttyS' or 'ttyR'. - Ranges are also supported via the '-' character. - For example, to match on the range of all digits, the pattern [0-9] could - be used. If the first character following the '[' is a '!', any characters - not enclosed are matched. + example, the pattern string tty[SR] + would match either ttyS or ttyR. + Ranges are also supported via the - character. + For example, to match on the range of all digits, the pattern + [0-9] could be used. If the first character + following the [ is a !, + any characters not enclosed are matched. + + + + | + + Separates alternative patterns. For example, the pattern string + abc|x* would match either abc + or x*. The following keys can get values assigned: - + - + NAME - The name to use for a network interface. The name of a device node - can not be changed by udev, only additional symlinks can be created. + The name to use for a network interface. See + systemd.link5 + for a higher-level mechanism for setting the interface name. + The name of a device node cannot be changed by udev, only additional + symlinks can be created. - + SYMLINK The name of a symlink targeting the node. Every matching rule adds - this value to the list of symlinks to be created. Multiple symlinks may be - specified by separating the names by the space character. In case multiple - devices claim the same name, the link always points to the device with - the highest link_priority. If the current device goes away, the links are - re-evaluated and the device with the next highest link_priority becomes the owner of - the link. If no link_priority is specified, the order of the devices (and - which one of them owns the link) is undefined. Also, symlink names must - never conflict with the kernel's default device node names, as that would - result in unpredictable behavior. + this value to the list of symlinks to be created. + The set of characters to name a symlink is limited. Allowed + characters are 0-9A-Za-z#+-.:=@_/, valid UTF-8 character + sequences, and \x00 hex encoding. All other + characters are replaced by a _ character. + Multiple symlinks may be specified by separating the names by the + space character. In case multiple devices claim the same name, the link + always points to the device with the highest link_priority. If the current + device goes away, the links are re-evaluated and the device with the + next highest link_priority becomes the owner of the link. If no + link_priority is specified, the order of the devices (and which one of + them owns the link) is undefined. + Symlink names must never conflict with the kernel's default device + node names, as that would result in unpredictable behavior. - + OWNER, GROUP, MODE The permissions for the device node. Every specified value overrides the compiled-in default value. @@ -363,7 +360,14 @@ - + SECLABEL{module} + + Applies the specified Linux Security Module label to the device node. + + + + + ATTR{key} The value that should be written to a sysfs attribute of the event device. @@ -371,16 +375,17 @@ - + ENV{key} - Set a device property value. Property names with a leading '.' + Set a device property value. Property names with a leading . are neither stored in the database nor exported to events or - external tools (run by, say, the PROGRAM match key). + external tools (run by, for example, the PROGRAM + match key). - + TAG Attach a tag to a device. This is used to filter events for users of libudev's monitor functionality, or to enumerate a group of tagged @@ -393,59 +398,87 @@ - + RUN{type} - Add a program to the list of programs to be executed for a specific - device. - If no absolute path is given, the program is expected to live in - /usr/lib/udev, otherwise the absolute path must be specified. The program - name and following arguments are separated by spaces. Single quotes can - be used to specify arguments with spaces. - This can only be used for very short running tasks. Running an + Add a program to the list of programs to be executed after + processing all the rules for a specific event, depending on + type: + + + program + + Execute an external program specified as the assigned + value. If no absolute path is given, the program is expected + to live in /usr/lib/udev; otherwise, the + absolute path must be specified. + This is the default if no type + is specified. + + + + builtin + + As program, but use one of the + built-in programs rather than an external one. + + + + The program name and following arguments are separated by spaces. + Single quotes can be used to specify arguments with spaces. + This can only be used for very short-running foreground tasks. Running an event process for a long period of time may block all further events for - this or a dependent device. Starting daemons or other long running processes - is not appropriate for udev. + this or a dependent device. + Starting daemons or other long-running processes is not appropriate + for udev; the forked processes, detached or not, will be unconditionally + killed after the event handling has finished. - + LABEL - A named label to which a GOTO may jump. + A named label to which a GOTO may jump. - + GOTO - Jumps to the next LABEL with a matching name. + Jumps to the next LABEL with a matching name. - + IMPORT{type} Import a set of variables as device properties, - depending on type: + depending on type: - + program Execute an external program specified as the assigned value and import its output, which must be in environment key format. Path specification, command/argument separation, - and quoting work like in . + and quoting work like in RUN. - + builtin + + Similar to program, but use one of the + built-in programs rather than an external one. + + + + file Import a text file specified as the assigned value, the content of which must be in environment key format. - + db Import a single property specified as the assigned value from the current device database. This works only if the database is already populated @@ -453,28 +486,30 @@ - + cmdline Import a single property from the kernel command line. For simple flags - the value of the property is set to '1'. + the value of the property is set to 1. - + parent Import the stored keys from the parent device by reading the database entry of the parent device. The value assigned to is used as a filter of key names - to import (with the same shell-style pattern matching used for + to import (with the same shell glob pattern matching used for comparisons). + This can only be used for very short-running foreground tasks. For details + see . - + WAIT_FOR Wait for a file to become available or until a timeout of 10 seconds expires. The path is relative to the sysfs device; @@ -483,10 +518,10 @@ - + OPTIONS Rule and device options: - + @@ -494,13 +529,6 @@ priorities overwrite existing symlinks of other devices. The default is 0. - - - - Number of seconds an event waits for operations to finish before - giving up and terminating itself. - - @@ -512,18 +540,24 @@ - Apply the permissions specified in this rule to the static device node with - the specified name. Static device nodes might be provided by kernel modules - or copied from /usr/lib/udev/devices. These nodes might not have - a corresponding kernel device at the time udevd is started; they can trigger - automatic kernel module loading. + Apply the permissions specified in this rule to the + static device node with the specified name. Also, for every + tag specified in this rule, create a symlink + in the directory + /run/udev/static_node-tags/tag + pointing at the static device node with the specified name. + Static device node creation is performed by systemd-tmpfiles + before systemd-udevd is started. The static nodes might not + have a corresponding kernel device; they are used to trigger + automatic kernel module loading when they are accessed. - Watch the device node with inotify; when the node is closed after being opened for - writing, a change uevent is synthesized. + Watch the device node with inotify; when the node is + closed after being opened for writing, a change uevent is + synthesized. @@ -537,14 +571,16 @@ - The , , , - , , and - fields support simple string substitutions. The - substitutions are performed after all rules have been processed, right before the program - is executed, allowing for the use of device properties set by earlier matching - rules. For all other fields, substitutions are performed while the individual rule is - being processed. The available substitutions are: - + The NAME, SYMLINK, + PROGRAM, OWNER, + GROUP, MODE, and + RUN fields support simple string substitutions. + The RUN substitutions are performed after all rules + have been processed, right before the program is executed, allowing for + the use of device properties set by earlier matching rules. For all other + fields, substitutions are performed while the individual rule is being + processed. The available substitutions are: + , @@ -555,8 +591,9 @@ , - The kernel number for this device. For example, 'sda3' has - kernel number of '3' + The kernel number for this device. For example, + sda3 has kernel number 3. + @@ -570,8 +607,9 @@ , - The name of the device matched while searching the devpath upwards for - , , and . + The name of the device matched while searching the devpath + upwards for , , + , and . @@ -579,8 +617,10 @@ - The driver name of the device matched while searching the devpath upwards for - , , and . + The driver name of the device matched while searching the + devpath upwards for , + , , and + . @@ -589,12 +629,15 @@ , The value of a sysfs attribute found at the device where - all keys of the rule have matched. If the matching device does not have - such an attribute, and a previous KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, DRIVERS, or - ATTRS test selected a parent device, then the attribute from that - parent device is used. - If the attribute is a symlink, the last element of the symlink target is - returned as the value. + all keys of the rule have matched. If the matching device does not + have such an attribute, and a previous , + , , or + test selected a parent device, then the + attribute from that parent device is used. + + If the attribute is a symlink, the last element of the + symlink target is returned as the value. + @@ -622,11 +665,12 @@ , - The string returned by the external program requested with PROGRAM. + The string returned by the external program requested with + PROGRAM. A single part of the string, separated by a space character, may be selected - by specifying the part number as an attribute: . - If the number is followed by the '+' character, this part plus all remaining parts - of the result string are substituted: + by specifying the part number as an attribute: %c{N}. + If the number is followed by the + character, this part plus all remaining parts + of the result string are substituted: %c{N+}. @@ -677,27 +721,31 @@ - The '%' character itself. + The % character itself. - The '$' character itself. + The $ character itself. - See Also - - udevd8 + + + systemd-udevd.service8 , udevadm8 - + , + + systemd.link5 + +