X-Git-Url: http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/ucgi/~ianmdlvl/git?p=elogind.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=man%2Fsystemd.unit.xml;h=2a965f5a1ca57520aeabcd20a4f2bc61d95839fc;hp=123965bd4477870e93e818b9efef97e2be054ec4;hb=c0c5af00bec95567435bdfb818c69b2b669adfed;hpb=1b64d026af01277e332d10d9e67e2eed5a4ded28

diff --git a/man/systemd.unit.xml b/man/systemd.unit.xml
index 123965bd4..2a965f5a1 100644
--- a/man/systemd.unit.xml
+++ b/man/systemd.unit.xml
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 <?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
-        "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+        "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY % entities SYSTEM "custom-entities.ent" >
+%entities;
+]>
 
 <!--
   This file is part of systemd.
@@ -44,20 +47,35 @@
 
         <refnamediv>
                 <refname>systemd.unit</refname>
-                <refpurpose>systemd unit configuration files</refpurpose>
+                <refpurpose>Unit configuration</refpurpose>
         </refnamediv>
 
         <refsynopsisdiv>
-                <para><filename>systemd.service</filename>,
-                <filename>systemd.socket</filename>,
-                <filename>systemd.device</filename>,
-                <filename>systemd.mount</filename>,
-                <filename>systemd.automount</filename>,
-                <filename>systemd.swap</filename>,
-                <filename>systemd.target</filename>,
-                <filename>systemd.path</filename>,
-                <filename>systemd.timer</filename>,
-                <filename>systemd.snapshot</filename></para>
+                <para><filename><replaceable>service</replaceable>.service</filename>,
+                <filename><replaceable>socket</replaceable>.socket</filename>,
+                <filename><replaceable>device</replaceable>.device</filename>,
+                <filename><replaceable>mount</replaceable>.mount</filename>,
+                <filename><replaceable>automount</replaceable>.automount</filename>,
+                <filename><replaceable>swap</replaceable>.swap</filename>,
+                <filename><replaceable>target</replaceable>.target</filename>,
+                <filename><replaceable>path</replaceable>.path</filename>,
+                <filename><replaceable>timer</replaceable>.timer</filename>,
+                <filename><replaceable>snapshot</replaceable>.snapshot</filename>,
+                <filename><replaceable>slice</replaceable>.slice</filename>,
+                <filename><replaceable>scope</replaceable>.scope</filename></para>
+
+                <para><literallayout><filename>/etc/systemd/system/*</filename>
+<filename>/run/systemd/system/*</filename>
+<filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system/*</filename>
+<filename>...</filename>
+                </literallayout></para>
+
+                <para><literallayout><filename>$HOME/.config/systemd/user/*</filename>
+<filename>/etc/systemd/user/*</filename>
+<filename>/run/systemd/user/*</filename>
+<filename>/usr/lib/systemd/user/*</filename>
+<filename>...</filename>
+                </literallayout></para>
         </refsynopsisdiv>
 
         <refsect1>
@@ -66,31 +84,62 @@
                 <para>A unit configuration file encodes information
                 about a service, a socket, a device, a mount point, an
                 automount point, a swap file or partition, a start-up
-                target, a file system path or a timer controlled and
-                supervised by
-                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The
-                syntax is inspired by <ulink
+                target, a watched file system path, a timer controlled
+                and supervised by
+                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                a temporary system state snapshot, a resource
+                management slice or a group of externally created
+                processes. The syntax is inspired by <ulink
                 url="http://standards.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/latest/">XDG
-                Desktop Entry Specification</ulink> <filename>.desktop</filename> files, which are in turn
+                Desktop Entry Specification</ulink>
+                <filename>.desktop</filename> files, which are in turn
                 inspired by Microsoft Windows
                 <filename>.ini</filename> files.</para>
 
-                <para>This man pages lists the common configuration
+                <para>This man page lists the common configuration
                 options of all the unit types. These options need to
-                be configured in the [Unit] resp. [Install]
-                section of the unit files.</para>
+                be configured in the [Unit] or [Install]
+                sections of the unit files.</para>
 
                 <para>In addition to the generic [Unit] and [Install]
-                sections described here, each unit should have a
+                sections described here, each unit may have a
                 type-specific section, e.g. [Service] for a service
                 unit. See the respective man pages for more
-                information.</para>
+                information:
+                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.device</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.automount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.target</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.path</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.snapshot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.slice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+                </para>
+
+                <para>Various settings are allowed to be specified
+                more than once, in which case the interpretation
+                depends on the setting. Often, multiple settings form
+                a list, and setting to an empty value "resets", which
+                means that previous assignments are ignored. When this
+                is allowed, it is mentioned in the description of the
+                setting. Note that using multiple assignments to the
+                same value makes the unit file incompatible with
+                parsers for the XDG <filename>.desktop</filename> file
+                format.</para>
+
+                <para>Unit files are loaded from a set of paths
+                determined during compilation, described in the next section.
+                </para>
 
                 <para>Unit files may contain additional options on top
                 of those listed here. If systemd encounters an unknown
-                option it will write a warning log message but
+                option, it will write a warning log message but
                 continue loading the unit. If an option is prefixed
-                with <option>X-</option> it is ignored completely by
+                with <option>X-</option>, it is ignored completely by
                 systemd. Applications may use this to include
                 additional information in the unit files.</para>
 
@@ -98,7 +147,7 @@
                 written in various formats. For positive settings the
                 strings <option>1</option>, <option>yes</option>,
                 <option>true</option> and <option>on</option> are
-                equivalent. For negative settings the strings
+                equivalent. For negative settings, the strings
                 <option>0</option>, <option>no</option>,
                 <option>false</option> and <option>off</option> are
                 equivalent.</para>
@@ -106,12 +155,14 @@
                 <para>Time span values encoded in unit files can be
                 written in various formats. A stand-alone number
                 specifies a time in seconds. If suffixed with a time
-                unit, the unit is honored. A concatenation of
-                multiple values with units is supported, in which case
-                the values are added up. Example: "50" refers to 50
+                unit, the unit is honored. A concatenation of multiple
+                values with units is supported, in which case the
+                values are added up. Example: "50" refers to 50
                 seconds; "2min 200ms" refers to 2 minutes plus 200
                 milliseconds, i.e. 120200ms. The following time units
-                are understood: s, min, h, d, w, ms, us.</para>
+                are understood: s, min, h, d, w, ms, us. For details
+                see
+                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.time</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
 
                 <para>Empty lines and lines starting with # or ; are
                 ignored. This may be used for commenting. Lines ending
@@ -119,47 +170,56 @@
                 line while reading and the backslash is replaced by a
                 space character. This may be used to wrap long lines.</para>
 
-                <para>If a line starts with <option>.include</option>
-                followed by a file name, the specified file will be
-                parsed at this point. Make sure that the file that is
-                included has the appropriate section headers before
-                any directives.</para>
-
                 <para>Along with a unit file
-                <filename>foo.service</filename> a directory
+                <filename>foo.service</filename>, the directory
                 <filename>foo.service.wants/</filename> may exist. All
-                units symlinked from such a directory are implicitly
-                added as dependencies of type
+                unit files symlinked from such a directory are
+                implicitly added as dependencies of type
                 <varname>Wanted=</varname> to the unit. This is useful
                 to hook units into the start-up of other units,
-                without having to modify their unit configuration
-                files. For details about the semantics of
-                <varname>Wanted=</varname> see below. The preferred
-                way to create symlinks in the
-                <filename>.wants/</filename> directory of a service is
-                with the <command>enable</command> command of the
+                without having to modify their unit files. For details
+                about the semantics of <varname>Wanted=</varname>, see
+                below. The preferred way to create symlinks in the
+                <filename>.wants/</filename> directory of a unit file
+                is with the <command>enable</command> command of the
                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                 tool which reads information from the [Install]
-                section of unit files. (See below.) A similar
+                section of unit files (see below). A similar
                 functionality exists for <varname>Requires=</varname>
                 type dependencies as well, the directory suffix is
                 <filename>.requires/</filename> in this case.</para>
 
+                <para>Along with a unit file
+                <filename>foo.service</filename>, a directory
+                <filename>foo.service.d/</filename> may exist. All
+                files with the suffix <literal>.conf</literal> from
+                this directory will be parsed after the file itself is
+                parsed. This is useful to alter or add configuration
+                settings to a unit, without having to modify their
+                unit files. Make sure that the file that is included
+                has the appropriate section headers before any
+                directive.</para>
+
+                <para>If a line starts with <option>.include</option>
+                followed by a filename, the specified file will be
+                parsed at this point. Make sure that the file that is
+                included has the appropriate section headers before
+                any directives.</para>
+
                 <para>Note that while systemd offers a flexible
                 dependency system between units it is recommended to
-                use this functionality only sparsely and instead rely
+                use this functionality only sparingly and instead rely
                 on techniques such as bus-based or socket-based
-                activation which makes dependencies implicit, which
-                both results in a simpler and more flexible
-                system.</para>
+                activation which make dependencies implicit, resulting
+                in a both simpler and more flexible system.</para>
 
                 <para>Some unit names reflect paths existing in the
-                file system name space. Example: a device unit
+                file system namespace. Example: a device unit
                 <filename>dev-sda.device</filename> refers to a device
-                with the device node <filename>/dev/sda</filename> in
-                the file system namespace. If this applies a special
+                with the device node <filename noindex='true'>/dev/sda</filename> in
+                the file system namespace. If this applies, a special
                 way to escape the path name is used, so that the
-                result is usable as part of a file name. Basically,
+                result is usable as part of a filename. Basically,
                 given a path, "/" is replaced by "-", and all
                 unprintable characters and the "-" are replaced by
                 C-style "\x20" escapes. The root directory "/" is
@@ -170,12 +230,12 @@
                 <para>Optionally, units may be instantiated from a
                 template file at runtime. This allows creation of
                 multiple units from a single configuration file. If
-                systemd looks for a unit configuration file it will
+                systemd looks for a unit configuration file, it will
                 first search for the literal unit name in the
-                filesystem. If that yields no success and the unit
-                name contains an @ character, systemd will look for a
+                file system. If that yields no success and the unit
+                name contains an <literal>@</literal> character, systemd will look for a
                 unit template that shares the same name but with the
-                instance string (i.e. the part between the @ character
+                instance string (i.e. the part between the <literal>@</literal> character
                 and the suffix) removed. Example: if a service
                 <filename>getty@tty3.service</filename> is requested
                 and no file by that name is found, systemd will look
@@ -186,94 +246,113 @@
                 <para>To refer to the instance string from
                 within the configuration file you may use the special
                 <literal>%i</literal> specifier in many of the
-                configuration options. Other specifiers exist, the
-                full list is:</para>
+                configuration options. See below for details.</para>
+
+                <para>If a unit file is empty (i.e. has the file size
+                0) or is symlinked to <filename>/dev/null</filename>,
+                its configuration will not be loaded and it appears
+                with a load state of <literal>masked</literal>, and
+                cannot be activated. Use this as an effective way to
+                fully disable a unit, making it impossible to start it
+                even manually.</para>
+
+                <para>The unit file format is covered by the
+                <ulink
+                url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/InterfaceStabilityPromise">Interface
+                Stability Promise</ulink>.</para>
+
+        </refsect1>
+
+        <refsect1>
+                <title>Unit Load Path</title>
+
+                <para>Unit files are loaded from a set of paths
+                determined during compilation, described in the two
+                tables below. Unit files found in directories listed
+                earlier override files with the same name in
+                directories lower in the list.</para>
+
+                <para>When systemd is running in user mode
+                (<option>--user</option>) and the variable
+                <varname>$SYSTEMD_UNIT_PATH</varname> is set, this
+                contents of this variable overrides the unit load
+                path.
+                </para>
 
                 <table>
-                  <title>Specifiers available in unit files</title>
-                  <tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
-                    <colspec colname="spec" />
-                    <colspec colname="mean" />
-                    <colspec colname="detail" />
+                  <title>
+                    Load path when running in system mode (<option>--system</option>).
+                  </title>
+
+                  <tgroup cols='2'>
+                    <colspec colname='path' />
+                    <colspec colname='expl' />
                     <thead>
                       <row>
-                        <entry>Specifier</entry>
-                        <entry>Meaning</entry>
-                        <entry>Details</entry>
+                        <entry>Path</entry>
+                        <entry>Description</entry>
                       </row>
                     </thead>
                     <tbody>
                       <row>
-                        <entry><literal>%n</literal></entry>
-                        <entry>Full unit name</entry>
-                        <entry></entry>
-                      </row>
-                      <row>
-                        <entry><literal>%N</literal></entry>
-                        <entry>Unescaped full unit name</entry>
-                        <entry></entry>
-                      </row>
-                      <row>
-                        <entry><literal>%p</literal></entry>
-                        <entry>Prefix name</entry>
-                        <entry>This refers to the string before the @, i.e. "getty" in the example above, where "tty3" is the instance name.</entry>
-                      </row>
-                      <row>
-                        <entry><literal>%P</literal></entry>
-                        <entry>Unescaped prefix name</entry>
-                        <entry></entry>
+                        <entry><filename>/etc/systemd/system</filename></entry>
+                        <entry>Local configuration</entry>
                       </row>
                       <row>
-                        <entry><literal>%i</literal></entry>
-                        <entry>Instance name</entry>
-                        <entry>This is the string between the @ character and the suffix.</entry>
+                        <entry><filename>/run/systemd/system</filename></entry>
+                        <entry>Runtime units</entry>
                       </row>
                       <row>
-                        <entry><literal>%I</literal></entry>
-                        <entry>Unescaped instance name</entry>
-                        <entry></entry>
+                        <entry><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system</filename></entry>
+                        <entry>Units of installed packages</entry>
                       </row>
+                    </tbody>
+                  </tgroup>
+                </table>
+
+                <table>
+                  <title>
+                    Load path when running in user mode (<option>--user</option>).
+                  </title>
+
+                  <tgroup cols='2'>
+                    <colspec colname='path' />
+                    <colspec colname='expl' />
+                    <thead>
                       <row>
-                        <entry><literal>%f</literal></entry>
-                        <entry>Unescaped file name</entry>
-                        <entry>This is either the unescaped instance name (if set) with / prepended (if necessary), or the prefix name similarly prepended with /.</entry>
+                        <entry>Path</entry>
+                        <entry>Description</entry>
                       </row>
+                    </thead>
+                    <tbody>
                       <row>
-                        <entry><literal>%c</literal></entry>
-                        <entry>Control group path of the unit</entry>
-                        <entry></entry>
+                        <entry><filename>$HOME/.config/systemd/user</filename></entry>
+                        <entry>User configuration</entry>
                       </row>
                       <row>
-                        <entry><literal>%r</literal></entry>
-                        <entry>Root control group path of systemd</entry>
-                        <entry></entry>
+                        <entry><filename>/etc/systemd/user</filename></entry>
+                        <entry>Local configuration</entry>
                       </row>
                       <row>
-                        <entry><literal>%R</literal></entry>
-                        <entry>Parent directory of the root control group path of systemd</entry>
-                        <entry></entry>
+                        <entry><filename>/run/systemd/user</filename></entry>
+                        <entry>Runtime units</entry>
                       </row>
                       <row>
-                        <entry><literal>%t</literal></entry>
-                        <entry>Runtime socket dir</entry>
-                        <entry>This is either /run (for the system manager) or $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR (for user managers).</entry>
+                        <entry><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/user</filename></entry>
+                        <entry>Units of installed packages</entry>
                       </row>
                     </tbody>
                   </tgroup>
                 </table>
 
-                <para>If a unit file is empty (i.e. has the file size
-                0) or is symlinked to <filename>/dev/null</filename>
-                its configuration will not be loaded and it appears
-                with a load state of <literal>masked</literal>, and
-                cannot be activated. Use this as an effective way to
-                fully disable a unit, making it impossible to start it
-                even manually.</para>
-
-                <para>The unit file format is covered by the
+                <para>Additional units might be loaded into systemd
+                ("linked") from directories not on the unit load
+                path. See the <command>link</command> command for
+                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Also,
+                some units are dynamically created via generators
                 <ulink
-                url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/InterfaceStabilityPromise">Interface
-                Stability Promise</ulink>.</para>
+                url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Generators/">Generators</ulink>.
+                </para>
         </refsect1>
 
         <refsect1>
@@ -283,7 +362,7 @@
                 carries generic information about the unit that is not
                 dependent on the type of unit:</para>
 
-                <variablelist>
+                <variablelist class='unit-directives'>
 
                         <varlistentry>
                                 <term><varname>Description=</varname></term>
@@ -291,12 +370,20 @@
                                 describing the unit. This is intended
                                 for use in UIs to show descriptive
                                 information along with the unit
-                                name.</para></listitem>
+                                name. The description should contain a name
+                                that means something to the end user.
+                                <literal>Apache2 Web Server</literal> is a good
+                                example. Bad examples are
+                                <literal>high-performance light-weight HTTP
+                                server</literal> (too generic) or
+                                <literal>Apache2</literal> (too specific and
+                                meaningless for people who do not know
+                                Apache).</para></listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
 
                         <varlistentry>
                                 <term><varname>Documentation=</varname></term>
-                                <listitem><para>A space separated list
+                                <listitem><para>A space-separated list
                                 of URIs referencing documentation for
                                 this unit or its
                                 configuration. Accepted are only URIs
@@ -307,8 +394,21 @@
                                 <literal>info:</literal>,
                                 <literal>man:</literal>. For more
                                 information about the syntax of these
-                                URIs see
-                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>uri</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
+                                URIs, see
+                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>uri</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The
+                                URIs should be listed in order of
+                                relevance, starting with the most
+                                relevant. It is a good idea to first
+                                reference documentation that explains
+                                what the unit's purpose is, followed
+                                by how it is configured, followed by
+                                any other related documentation. This
+                                option may be specified more than once,
+                                in which case the specified list of
+                                URIs is merged. If the empty string is
+                                assigned to this option, the list is
+                                reset and all prior assignments will
+                                have no effect.</para></listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
 
                         <varlistentry>
@@ -321,10 +421,12 @@
                                 of the other units gets deactivated or
                                 its activation fails, this unit will
                                 be deactivated. This option may be
-                                specified more than once, in which
-                                case requirement dependencies for all
-                                listed names are created. Note that
-                                requirement dependencies do not
+                                specified more than once or multiple
+                                space-separated units may be specified
+                                in one option in which case
+                                requirement dependencies for all
+                                listed names will be created. Note
+                                that requirement dependencies do not
                                 influence the order in which services
                                 are started or stopped. This has to be
                                 configured independently with the
@@ -348,7 +450,15 @@
                                 <varname>Requires=</varname> in order
                                 to achieve a system that is more
                                 robust when dealing with failing
-                                services.</para></listitem>
+                                services.</para>
+
+                                <para>Note that dependencies of this
+                                type may also be configured outside of
+                                the unit configuration file by
+                                adding a symlink to a
+                                <filename>.requires/</filename> directory
+                                accompanying the unit file. For
+                                details see above.</para></listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
 
                         <varlistentry>
@@ -364,7 +474,7 @@
                                 the start-up was pulled in indirectly
                                 by some dependency or automatic
                                 start-up of units that is not
-                                requested by the user this dependency
+                                requested by the user, this dependency
                                 must be fulfilled and otherwise the
                                 transaction fails. Hence, this option
                                 may be used to configure dependencies
@@ -379,43 +489,46 @@
                                 <term><varname>RequisiteOverridable=</varname></term>
 
                                 <listitem><para>Similar to
-                                <varname>Requires=</varname>
-                                resp. <varname>RequiresOverridable=</varname>. However,
-                                if a unit listed here is not started
-                                already it will not be started and the
-                                transaction fails
-                                immediately.</para></listitem>
+                                <varname>Requires=</varname> and
+                                <varname>RequiresOverridable=</varname>,
+                                respectively. However, if the units
+                                listed here are not started already,
+                                they will not be started and the
+                                transaction will fail immediately.
+                                </para></listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
 
                         <varlistentry>
                                 <term><varname>Wants=</varname></term>
 
                                 <listitem><para>A weaker version of
-                                <varname>Requires=</varname>. A unit
+                                <varname>Requires=</varname>. Units
                                 listed in this option will be started
                                 if the configuring unit is. However,
-                                if the listed unit fails to start up
-                                or cannot be added to the transaction
+                                if the listed units fail to start
+                                or cannot be added to the transaction,
                                 this has no impact on the validity of
                                 the transaction as a whole. This is
                                 the recommended way to hook start-up
                                 of one unit to the start-up of another
-                                unit. Note that dependencies of this
+                                unit.</para>
+
+                                <para>Note that dependencies of this
                                 type may also be configured outside of
-                                the unit configuration file by
-                                adding a symlink to a
+                                the unit configuration file by adding
+                                symlinks to a
                                 <filename>.wants/</filename> directory
                                 accompanying the unit file. For
-                                details see above.</para></listitem>
+                                details, see above.</para></listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
 
                         <varlistentry>
-                                <term><varname>BindTo=</varname></term>
+                                <term><varname>BindsTo=</varname></term>
 
                                 <listitem><para>Configures requirement
                                 dependencies, very similar in style to
                                 <varname>Requires=</varname>, however
-                                in addition to this behaviour it also
+                                in addition to this behavior, it also
                                 declares that this unit is stopped
                                 when any of the units listed suddenly
                                 disappears. Units can suddenly,
@@ -426,15 +539,30 @@
                                 systemd.</para></listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
 
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><varname>PartOf=</varname></term>
+
+                                <listitem><para>Configures dependencies
+                                similar to <varname>Requires=</varname>,
+                                but limited to stopping and restarting
+                                of units. When systemd stops or restarts
+                                the units listed here, the action is
+                                propagated to this unit.
+                                Note that this is a one-way dependency —
+                                changes to this unit do not affect the
+                                listed units.
+                                </para></listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+
                         <varlistentry>
                                 <term><varname>Conflicts=</varname></term>
 
-                                <listitem><para>Configures negative
+                                <listitem><para>A space-separated list
+                                of unit names. Configures negative
                                 requirement dependencies. If a unit
-                                has a
-                                <varname>Conflicts=</varname> setting
-                                on another unit, starting the former
-                                will stop the latter and vice
+                                has a <varname>Conflicts=</varname>
+                                setting on another unit, starting the
+                                former will stop the latter and vice
                                 versa. Note that this setting is
                                 independent of and orthogonal to the
                                 <varname>After=</varname> and
@@ -449,9 +577,9 @@
                                 be modified to be fixed (in case one
                                 or both jobs are not a required part
                                 of the transaction). In the latter
-                                case the job that is not the required
+                                case, the job that is not the required
                                 will be removed, or in case both are
-                                not required the unit that conflicts
+                                not required, the unit that conflicts
                                 will be started and the unit that is
                                 conflicted is
                                 stopped.</para></listitem>
@@ -461,7 +589,8 @@
                                 <term><varname>Before=</varname></term>
                                 <term><varname>After=</varname></term>
 
-                                <listitem><para>Configures ordering
+                                <listitem><para>A space-separated list
+                                of unit names. Configures ordering
                                 dependencies between units. If a unit
                                 <filename>foo.service</filename>
                                 contains a setting
@@ -477,7 +606,7 @@
                                 a common pattern to include a unit
                                 name in both the
                                 <varname>After=</varname> and
-                                <varname>Requires=</varname> option in
+                                <varname>Requires=</varname> option, in
                                 which case the unit listed will be
                                 started before the unit that is
                                 configured with these options. This
@@ -505,48 +634,80 @@
                                 dependency on another unit is shut
                                 down while the latter is started up,
                                 the shut down is ordered before the
-                                start-up regardless whether the
+                                start-up regardless of whether the
                                 ordering dependency is actually of
                                 type <varname>After=</varname> or
                                 <varname>Before=</varname>. If two
                                 units have no ordering dependencies
-                                between them they are shut down
-                                resp. started up simultaneously, and
-                                no ordering takes
+                                between them, they are shut down or
+                                started up simultaneously, and no
+                                ordering takes
                                 place. </para></listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
 
                         <varlistentry>
                                 <term><varname>OnFailure=</varname></term>
 
-                                <listitem><para>Lists one or more
-                                units that are activated when this
-                                unit enters the
-                                '<literal>failed</literal>'
+                                <listitem><para>A space-separated list
+                                of one or more units that are
+                                activated when this unit enters the
+                                <literal>failed</literal>
                                 state.</para></listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
 
                         <varlistentry>
-                                <term><varname>PropagateReloadTo=</varname></term>
-                                <term><varname>PropagateReloadFrom=</varname></term>
-
-                                <listitem><para>Lists one or more
-                                units where reload requests on the
-                                unit will be propagated to/on the
-                                other unit will be propagated
-                                from. Issuing a reload request on a
-                                unit will automatically also enqueue a
-                                reload request on all units that the
-                                reload request shall be propagated to
-                                via these two
-                                settings.</para></listitem>
+                                <term><varname>PropagatesReloadTo=</varname></term>
+                                <term><varname>ReloadPropagatedFrom=</varname></term>
+
+                                <listitem><para>A space-separated list
+                                of one or more units where reload
+                                requests on this unit will be
+                                propagated to, or reload requests on
+                                the other unit will be propagated to
+                                this unit, respectively. Issuing a
+                                reload request on a unit will
+                                automatically also enqueue a reload
+                                request on all units that the reload
+                                request shall be propagated to via
+                                these two settings.</para></listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><varname>JoinsNamespaceOf=</varname></term>
+
+                                <listitem><para>For units that start
+                                processes (such as service units),
+                                lists one or more other units whose
+                                network and/or temporary file
+                                namespace to join. This only applies
+                                to unit types which support the
+                                <varname>PrivateNetwork=</varname> and
+                                <varname>PrivateTmp=</varname>
+                                directives (see
+                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+                                for details). If a unit that has this
+                                setting set is started, its processes
+                                will see the same
+                                <filename>/tmp</filename>,
+                                <filename>/tmp/var</filename> and
+                                network namespace as one listed unit
+                                that is started. If multiple listed
+                                units are already started, it is not
+                                defined which namespace is
+                                joined. Note that this setting only
+                                has an effect if
+                                <varname>PrivateNetwork=</varname>
+                                and/or <varname>PrivateTmp=</varname>
+                                is enabled for both the unit that
+                                joins the namespace and the unit whose
+                                namespace is joined.</para></listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
 
                         <varlistentry>
                                 <term><varname>RequiresMountsFor=</varname></term>
 
-                                <listitem><para>Takes a space
-                                separated list of paths. Automatically
+                                <listitem><para>Takes a space-separated
+                                list of absolute paths. Automatically
                                 adds dependencies of type
                                 <varname>Requires=</varname> and
                                 <varname>After=</varname> for all
@@ -555,26 +716,36 @@
                         </varlistentry>
 
                         <varlistentry>
-                                <term><varname>OnFailureIsolate=</varname></term>
-
-                                <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
-                                argument. If <option>true</option> the
-                                unit listed in
+                                <term><varname>OnFailureJobMode=</varname></term>
+
+                                <listitem><para>Takes a value of
+                                <literal>fail</literal>,
+                                <literal>replace</literal>,
+                                <literal>replace-irreversibly</literal>,
+                                <literal>isolate</literal>,
+                                <literal>flush</literal>,
+                                <literal>ignore-dependencies</literal>
+                                or
+                                <literal>ignore-requirements</literal>. Defaults
+                                to
+                                <literal>replace</literal>. Specifies
+                                how the units listed in
                                 <varname>OnFailure=</varname> will be
-                                enqueued in isolation mode, i.e. all
-                                units that are not its dependency will
-                                be stopped. If this is set only a
+                                enqueued. See
+                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
+                                <option>--job-mode=</option> option
+                                for details on the possible values. If
+                                this is set to
+                                <literal>isolate</literal>, only a
                                 single unit may be listed in
-                                <varname>OnFailure=</varname>. Defaults
-                                to
-                                <option>false</option>.</para></listitem>
+                                <varname>OnFailure=</varname>..</para></listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
 
                         <varlistentry>
                                 <term><varname>IgnoreOnIsolate=</varname></term>
 
                                 <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
-                                argument. If <option>true</option>
+                                argument. If <option>true</option>,
                                 this unit will not be stopped when
                                 isolating another unit. Defaults to
                                 <option>false</option>.</para></listitem>
@@ -584,7 +755,7 @@
                                 <term><varname>IgnoreOnSnapshot=</varname></term>
 
                                 <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
-                                argument. If <option>true</option>
+                                argument. If <option>true</option>,
                                 this unit will not be included in
                                 snapshots. Defaults to
                                 <option>true</option> for device and
@@ -596,7 +767,7 @@
                                 <term><varname>StopWhenUnneeded=</varname></term>
 
                                 <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
-                                argument. If <option>true</option>
+                                argument. If <option>true</option>,
                                 this unit will be stopped when it is
                                 no longer used. Note that in order to
                                 minimize the work to be executed,
@@ -615,15 +786,15 @@
                                 <term><varname>RefuseManualStop=</varname></term>
 
                                 <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
-                                argument. If <option>true</option>
+                                argument. If <option>true</option>,
                                 this unit can only be activated
-                                (resp. deactivated) indirectly. In
-                                this case explicit start-up
-                                (resp. termination) requested by the
+                                or deactivated indirectly. In
+                                this case, explicit start-up
+                                or termination requested by the
                                 user is denied, however if it is
-                                started (resp. stopped) as a
+                                started or stopped as a
                                 dependency of another unit, start-up
-                                (resp. termination) will succeed. This
+                                or termination will succeed. This
                                 is mostly a safety feature to ensure
                                 that the user does not accidentally
                                 activate units that are not intended
@@ -638,10 +809,10 @@
                                 <term><varname>AllowIsolate=</varname></term>
 
                                 <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
-                                argument. If <option>true</option>
+                                argument. If <option>true</option>,
                                 this unit may be used with the
                                 <command>systemctl isolate</command>
-                                command. Otherwise this will be
+                                command. Otherwise, this will be
                                 refused. It probably is a good idea to
                                 leave this disabled except for target
                                 units that shall be used similar to
@@ -655,7 +826,7 @@
                                 <term><varname>DefaultDependencies=</varname></term>
 
                                 <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
-                                argument. If <option>true</option>
+                                argument. If <option>true</option>,
                                 (the default), a few default
                                 dependencies will implicitly be
                                 created for the unit. The actual
@@ -673,7 +844,7 @@
                                 highly recommended to leave this
                                 option enabled for the majority of
                                 common units. If set to
-                                <option>false</option> this option
+                                <option>false</option>, this option
                                 does not disable all implicit
                                 dependencies, just non-essential
                                 ones.</para></listitem>
@@ -685,10 +856,10 @@
                                 <listitem><para>When clients are
                                 waiting for a job of this unit to
                                 complete, time out after the specified
-                                time. If this time limit is reached
+                                time. If this time limit is reached,
                                 the job will be cancelled, the unit
                                 however will not change state or even
-                                enter the '<literal>failed</literal>'
+                                enter the <literal>failed</literal>
                                 mode. This value defaults to 0 (job
                                 timeouts disabled), except for device
                                 units. NB: this timeout is independent
@@ -715,70 +886,100 @@
                                 <term><varname>ConditionPathIsMountPoint=</varname></term>
                                 <term><varname>ConditionPathIsReadWrite=</varname></term>
                                 <term><varname>ConditionDirectoryNotEmpty=</varname></term>
+                                <term><varname>ConditionFileNotEmpty=</varname></term>
                                 <term><varname>ConditionFileIsExecutable=</varname></term>
                                 <term><varname>ConditionKernelCommandLine=</varname></term>
                                 <term><varname>ConditionVirtualization=</varname></term>
                                 <term><varname>ConditionSecurity=</varname></term>
                                 <term><varname>ConditionCapability=</varname></term>
+                                <term><varname>ConditionHost=</varname></term>
+                                <term><varname>ConditionACPower=</varname></term>
                                 <term><varname>ConditionNull=</varname></term>
 
                                 <listitem><para>Before starting a unit
                                 verify that the specified condition is
-                                true. With
+                                true. If it is not true, the starting
+                                of the unit will be skipped, however
+                                all ordering dependencies of it are
+                                still respected. A failing condition
+                                will not result in the unit being
+                                moved into a failure state. The
+                                condition is checked at the time the
+                                queued start job is to be
+                                executed.</para>
+
+                                <para>With
                                 <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname>
-                                a file existence condition can be
+                                a file existence condition is
                                 checked before a unit is started. If
                                 the specified absolute path name does
-                                not exist, startup of a unit will not
-                                actually happen, however the unit is
-                                still useful for ordering purposes in
-                                this case. The condition is checked at
-                                the time the queued start job is to be
-                                executed. If the absolute path name
-                                passed to
+                                not exist, the condition will
+                                fail. If the absolute path name passed
+                                to
                                 <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname>
                                 is prefixed with an exclamation mark
-                                (!), the test is negated, and the unit
+                                (<literal>!</literal>), the test is negated, and the unit
                                 is only started if the path does not
-                                exist.
-                                <varname>ConditionPathExistsGlob=</varname>
-                                works in a similar way, but checks for
-                                the existence of at least one file or
-                                directory matching the specified
-                                globbing
-                                pattern. <varname>ConditionPathIsDirectory=</varname>
+                                exist.</para>
+
+                                <para><varname>ConditionPathExistsGlob=</varname>
+                                is similar to
+                                <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname>,
+                                but checks for the existence of at
+                                least one file or directory matching
+                                the specified globbing pattern.</para>
+
+                                <para><varname>ConditionPathIsDirectory=</varname>
                                 is similar to
                                 <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname>
                                 but verifies whether a certain path
                                 exists and is a
-                                directory. <varname>ConditionPathIsSymbolicLink=</varname>
+                                directory.</para>
+
+                                <para><varname>ConditionPathIsSymbolicLink=</varname>
                                 is similar to
                                 <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname>
                                 but verifies whether a certain path
                                 exists and is a symbolic
-                                link. <varname>ConditionPathIsMountPoint=</varname>
+                                link.</para>
+
+                                <para><varname>ConditionPathIsMountPoint=</varname>
                                 is similar to
                                 <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname>
                                 but verifies whether a certain path
                                 exists and is a mount
-                                point. <varname>ConditionPathIsReadWrite=</varname>
+                                point.</para>
+
+                                <para><varname>ConditionPathIsReadWrite=</varname>
                                 is similar to
                                 <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname>
                                 but verifies whether the underlying
-                                file system is read and writable
+                                file system is readable and writable
                                 (i.e. not mounted
-                                read-only). <varname>ConditionFileIsExecutable=</varname>
+                                read-only).</para>
+
+                                <para><varname>ConditionDirectoryNotEmpty=</varname>
                                 is similar to
                                 <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname>
                                 but verifies whether a certain path
-                                exists, is a regular file and marked
-                                executable.
-                                <varname>ConditionDirectoryNotEmpty=</varname>
+                                exists and is a non-empty
+                                directory.</para>
+
+                                <para><varname>ConditionFileNotEmpty=</varname>
                                 is similar to
                                 <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname>
                                 but verifies whether a certain path
-                                exists and is a non-empty
-                                directory. Similarly
+                                exists and refers to a regular file
+                                with a non-zero size.</para>
+
+                                <para><varname>ConditionFileIsExecutable=</varname>
+                                is similar to
+                                <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname>
+                                but verifies whether a certain path
+                                exists, is a regular file and marked
+                                executable.</para>
+
+                                <para>Similarly,
                                 <varname>ConditionKernelCommandLine=</varname>
                                 may be used to check whether a
                                 specific kernel command line option is
@@ -786,14 +987,16 @@
                                 exclamation mark unset). The argument
                                 must either be a single word, or an
                                 assignment (i.e. two words, separated
-                                by the equality sign). In the former
+                                <literal>=</literal>). In the former
                                 case the kernel command line is
                                 searched for the word appearing as is,
                                 or as left hand side of an
                                 assignment. In the latter case the
                                 exact assignment is looked for with
                                 right and left hand side
-                                matching. <varname>ConditionVirtualization=</varname>
+                                matching.</para>
+
+                                <para><varname>ConditionVirtualization=</varname>
                                 may be used to check whether the
                                 system is executed in a virtualized
                                 environment and optionally test
@@ -803,7 +1006,7 @@
                                 any virtualized environment, or one of
                                 <varname>vm</varname> and
                                 <varname>container</varname> to test
-                                against a specific type of
+                                against a generic type of
                                 virtualization solution, or one of
                                 <varname>qemu</varname>,
                                 <varname>kvm</varname>,
@@ -813,24 +1016,31 @@
                                 <varname>xen</varname>,
                                 <varname>bochs</varname>,
                                 <varname>chroot</varname>,
+                                <varname>uml</varname>,
                                 <varname>openvz</varname>,
                                 <varname>lxc</varname>,
                                 <varname>lxc-libvirt</varname>,
                                 <varname>systemd-nspawn</varname> to
                                 test against a specific
                                 implementation. If multiple
-                                virtualization technologies are nested
+                                virtualization technologies are nested,
                                 only the innermost is considered. The
                                 test may be negated by prepending an
-                                exclamation mark.
-                                <varname>ConditionSecurity=</varname>
+                                exclamation mark.</para>
+
+                                <para><varname>ConditionSecurity=</varname>
                                 may be used to check whether the given
                                 security module is enabled on the
-                                system.  Currently the only recognized
-                                value is <varname>selinux</varname>.
+                                system. Currently the recognized values
+                                values are <varname>selinux</varname>,
+                                <varname>apparmor</varname>,
+                                <varname>ima</varname> and
+                                <varname>smack</varname>.
                                 The test may be negated by prepending
                                 an exclamation
-                                mark. <varname>ConditionCapability=</varname>
+                                mark.</para>
+
+                                <para><varname>ConditionCapability=</varname>
                                 may be used to check whether the given
                                 capability exists in the capability
                                 bounding set of the service manager
@@ -841,61 +1051,71 @@
                                 for details). Pass a capability name
                                 such as <literal>CAP_MKNOD</literal>,
                                 possibly prefixed with an exclamation
-                                mark to negate the check. Finally,
+                                mark to negate the check.</para>
+
+                                <para><varname>ConditionHost=</varname>
+                                may be used to match against the
+                                hostname or machine ID of the
+                                host. This either takes a hostname
+                                string (optionally with shell style
+                                globs) which is tested against the
+                                locally set hostname as returned by
+                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gethostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                                or a machine ID formatted as string
+                                (see
+                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
+                                The test may be negated by prepending
+                                an exclamation mark.</para>
+
+                                <para><varname>ConditionACPower=</varname>
+                                may be used to check whether the
+                                system has AC power, or is exclusively
+                                battery powered at the time of
+                                activation of the unit. This takes a
+                                boolean argument. If set to
+                                <varname>true</varname>, the condition
+                                will hold only if at least one AC
+                                connector of the system is connected
+                                to a power source, or if no AC
+                                connectors are known. Conversely, if
+                                set to <varname>false</varname>, the
+                                condition will hold only if there is
+                                at least one AC connector known and
+                                all AC connectors are disconnected
+                                from a power source.</para>
+
+                                <para>Finally,
                                 <varname>ConditionNull=</varname> may
                                 be used to add a constant condition
                                 check value to the unit. It takes a
                                 boolean argument. If set to
-                                <varname>false</varname> the condition
+                                <varname>false</varname>, the condition
                                 will always fail, otherwise
-                                succeed. If multiple conditions are
-                                specified the unit will be executed if
+                                succeed.</para>
+
+                                <para>If multiple conditions are
+                                specified, the unit will be executed if
                                 all of them apply (i.e. a logical AND
                                 is applied). Condition checks can be
                                 prefixed with a pipe symbol (|) in
                                 which case a condition becomes a
                                 triggering condition. If at least one
                                 triggering condition is defined for a
-                                unit then the unit will be executed if
+                                unit, then the unit will be executed if
                                 at least one of the triggering
                                 conditions apply and all of the
                                 non-triggering conditions. If you
                                 prefix an argument with the pipe
-                                symbol and an exclamation mark the
+                                symbol and an exclamation mark, the
                                 pipe symbol must be passed first, the
                                 exclamation second. Except for
                                 <varname>ConditionPathIsSymbolicLink=</varname>,
-                                all path checks follow
-                                symlinks.</para></listitem>
-                        </varlistentry>
-
-                        <varlistentry>
-                                <term><varname>Names=</varname></term>
-
-                                <listitem><para>Additional names for
-                                this unit. The names listed here must
-                                have the same suffix (i.e. type) as
-                                the unit file name. This option may be
-                                specified more than once, in which
-                                case all listed names are used. Note
-                                that this option is different from the
-                                <varname>Alias=</varname> option from
-                                the [Install] section mentioned
-                                below. See below for details. Note
-                                that in almost all cases this option
-                                is not what you want. A symlink alias
-                                in the file system is generally
-                                preferable since it can be used as
-                                lookup key. If a unit with a symlinked
-                                alias name is not loaded and needs to
-                                be it is easily found via the
-                                symlink. However, if a unit with an
-                                alias name configured with this
-                                setting is not loaded it will not be
-                                discovered. This settings' only use is
-                                in conjunction with service
-                                instances.</para>
-                                </listitem>
+                                all path checks follow symlinks. If
+                                any of these options is assigned the
+                                empty string, the list of conditions is
+                                reset completely, all previous
+                                condition settings (of any kind) will
+                                have no effect.</para></listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
 
                         <varlistentry>
@@ -922,80 +1142,224 @@
                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                 tool during installation of a unit:</para>
 
-                <variablelist>
+                <variablelist class='unit-directives'>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 <term><varname>Alias=</varname></term>
 
-                                <listitem><para>Additional names this
-                                unit shall be installed under. The
-                                names listed here must have the same
-                                suffix (i.e. type) as the unit file
-                                name. This option may be specified
-                                more than once, in which case all
-                                listed names are used. At installation
-                                time,
-                                <command>systemctl enable</command>
-                                will create symlinks from these names
-                                to the unit file name. Note that this
-                                is different from the
-                                <varname>Names=</varname> option from
-                                the [Unit] section mentioned above:
-                                The names from
-                                <varname>Names=</varname> apply
-                                unconditionally if the unit is
-                                loaded. The names from
-                                <varname>Alias=</varname> apply only
-                                if the unit has actually been
-                                installed with the
-                                <command>systemctl enable</command>
-                                command.  Also, if systemd searches for a
-                                unit, it will discover symlinked alias
-                                names as configured with
-                                <varname>Alias=</varname>, but not
-                                names configured with
-                                <varname>Names=</varname> only. It is
-                                a common pattern to list a name in
-                                both options. In this case, a unit
-                                will be active under all names if
-                                installed, but also if not installed
-                                but requested explicitly under its
-                                main name.</para></listitem>
+                                <listitem><para>A space-seperated list
+                                of additional names this unit shall be
+                                installed under. The names listed here
+                                must have the same suffix (i.e. type)
+                                as the unit file name. This option may
+                                be specified more than once, in which
+                                case all listed names are used. At
+                                installation time, <command>systemctl
+                                enable</command> will create symlinks
+                                from these names to the unit
+                                filename.</para></listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
 
                         <varlistentry>
                                 <term><varname>WantedBy=</varname></term>
                                 <term><varname>RequiredBy=</varname></term>
 
-                                <listitem><para>Installs a symlink in
-                                the <filename>.wants/</filename>
-                                resp. <filename>.requires/</filename>
-                                subdirectory for a unit. This has the
-                                effect that when the listed unit name
-                                is activated the unit listing it is
-                                activated
-                                too. <command>WantedBy=foo.service</command>
+                                <listitem><para>This option may be
+                                used more than once, or a
+                                space-separated list of unit names may
+                                be given. A symbolic link is created
+                                in the <filename>.wants/</filename> or
+                                <filename>.requires/</filename>
+                                directory of each of the listed units
+                                when this unit is installed by
+                                <command>systemctl enable</command>.
+                                This has the effect that a dependency
+                                of type <varname>Wants=</varname> or
+                                <varname>Requires=</varname> is added
+                                from the listed unit to the current
+                                unit. The primary result is that the
+                                current unit will be started when the
+                                listed unit is started. See the
+                                description of
+                                <varname>Wants=</varname> and
+                                <varname>Requires=</varname> in the
+                                [Unit] section for details.</para>
+
+                                <para><command>WantedBy=foo.service</command>
                                 in a service
                                 <filename>bar.service</filename> is
                                 mostly equivalent to
                                 <command>Alias=foo.service.wants/bar.service</command>
-                                in the same file.</para></listitem>
+                                in the same file. In case of template
+                                units, <command>systemctl enable</command>
+                                must be called with an instance name, and
+                                this instance will be added to the
+                                <filename>.wants/</filename> or
+                                <filename>.requires/</filename> list
+                                of the listed unit.
+                                E.g. <command>WantedBy=getty.target</command>
+                                in a service
+                                <filename>getty@.service</filename>
+                                will result in <command>systemctl
+                                enable getty@tty2.service</command>
+                                creating a
+                                <filename>getty.target.wants/getty@tty2.service</filename>
+                                link to <filename>getty@.service</filename>.
+                                </para></listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
 
                         <varlistentry>
                                 <term><varname>Also=</varname></term>
 
                                 <listitem><para>Additional units to
-                                install when this unit is
-                                installed. If the user requests
-                                installation of a unit with this
-                                option configured,
+                                install/deinstall when this unit is
+                                installed/deinstalled. If the user
+                                requests installation/deinstallation
+                                of a unit with this option configured,
                                 <command>systemctl enable</command>
-                                will automatically install units
-                                listed in this option as
-                                well.</para></listitem>
+                                and <command>systemctl
+                                disable</command> will automatically
+                                install/uninstall units listed in this option as
+                                well.</para>
+
+                                <para>This option may be used more
+                                than once, or a space-separated list
+                                of unit names may be
+                                given.</para></listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                 </variablelist>
 
+                <para>The following specifiers are interpreted in the
+                Install section: %n, %N, %p, %i, %U, %u, %m, %H, %b, %v.
+                For their meaning see the next section.
+                </para>
+        </refsect1>
+
+        <refsect1>
+                <title>Specifiers</title>
+
+                <para>Many settings resolve specifiers which may be
+                used to write generic unit files referring to runtime
+                or unit parameters that are replaced when the unit
+                files are loaded. The following specifiers are
+                understood:</para>
+
+                <table>
+                  <title>Specifiers available in unit files</title>
+                  <tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
+                    <colspec colname="spec" />
+                    <colspec colname="mean" />
+                    <colspec colname="detail" />
+                    <thead>
+                      <row>
+                        <entry>Specifier</entry>
+                        <entry>Meaning</entry>
+                        <entry>Details</entry>
+                      </row>
+                    </thead>
+                    <tbody>
+                      <row>
+                        <entry><literal>%n</literal></entry>
+                        <entry>Full unit name</entry>
+                        <entry></entry>
+                      </row>
+                      <row>
+                        <entry><literal>%N</literal></entry>
+                        <entry>Unescaped full unit name</entry>
+                        <entry>Same as <literal>%n</literal>, but with escaping undone</entry>
+                      </row>
+                      <row>
+                        <entry><literal>%p</literal></entry>
+                        <entry>Prefix name</entry>
+                        <entry>For instantiated units, this refers to the string before the <literal>@</literal> character of the unit name. For non-instantiated units, this refers to the name of the unit with the type suffix removed.</entry>
+                      </row>
+                      <row>
+                        <entry><literal>%P</literal></entry>
+                        <entry>Unescaped prefix name</entry>
+                        <entry>Same as <literal>%p</literal>, but with escaping undone</entry>
+                      </row>
+                      <row>
+                        <entry><literal>%i</literal></entry>
+                        <entry>Instance name</entry>
+                        <entry>For instantiated units: this is the string between the <literal>@</literal> character and the suffix of the unit name.</entry>
+                      </row>
+                      <row>
+                        <entry><literal>%I</literal></entry>
+                        <entry>Unescaped instance name</entry>
+                        <entry>Same as <literal>%i</literal>, but with escaping undone</entry>
+                      </row>
+                      <row>
+                        <entry><literal>%f</literal></entry>
+                        <entry>Unescaped filename</entry>
+                        <entry>This is either the unescaped instance name (if applicable) with <filename>/</filename> prepended (if applicable), or the prefix name prepended with <filename>/</filename>.</entry>
+                      </row>
+                      <row>
+                        <entry><literal>%c</literal></entry>
+                        <entry>Control group path of the unit</entry>
+                        <entry>This path does not include the <filename>/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd/</filename> prefix.</entry>
+                      </row>
+                      <row>
+                        <entry><literal>%r</literal></entry>
+                        <entry>Control group path of the slice the unit is placed in</entry>
+                        <entry>This usually maps to the parent cgroup path of <literal>%c</literal>.</entry>
+                      </row>
+                      <row>
+                        <entry><literal>%R</literal></entry>
+                        <entry>Root control group path below which slices and units are placed</entry>
+                        <entry>For system instances, this resolves to <filename>/</filename>, except in containers, where this maps to the container's root control group path.</entry>
+                      </row>
+                      <row>
+                        <entry><literal>%t</literal></entry>
+                        <entry>Runtime directory</entry>
+                        <entry>This is either <filename>/run</filename> (for the system manager) or the path <literal>$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR</literal> resolves to (for user managers).</entry>
+                      </row>
+                      <row>
+                        <entry><literal>%u</literal></entry>
+                        <entry>User name</entry>
+                        <entry>This is the name of the configured user of the unit, or (if none is set) the user running the systemd instance.</entry>
+                      </row>
+                      <row>
+                        <entry><literal>%U</literal></entry>
+                        <entry>User UID</entry>
+                        <entry>This is the numeric UID of the configured user of the unit, or (if none is set) the user running the systemd user instance. Note that this specifier is not available for units run by the systemd system instance (as opposed to those run by a systemd user instance), unless the user has been configured as a numeric UID in the first place or the configured user is the root user.</entry>
+                      </row>
+                      <row>
+                        <entry><literal>%h</literal></entry>
+                        <entry>User home directory</entry>
+                        <entry>This is the home directory of the configured user of the unit, or (if none is set) the user running the systemd user instance. Similar to <literal>%U</literal>, this specifier is not available for units run by the systemd system instance, unless the configured user is the root user.</entry>
+                      </row>
+                      <row>
+                        <entry><literal>%s</literal></entry>
+                        <entry>User shell</entry>
+                        <entry>This is the shell of the configured user of the unit, or (if none is set) the user running the systemd user instance. Similar to <literal>%U</literal>, this specifier is not available for units run by the systemd system instance, unless the configured user is the root user.</entry>
+                      </row>
+                      <row>
+                        <entry><literal>%m</literal></entry>
+                        <entry>Machine ID</entry>
+                        <entry>The machine ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry>
+                      </row>
+                      <row>
+                        <entry><literal>%b</literal></entry>
+                        <entry>Boot ID</entry>
+                        <entry>The boot ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>random</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry>
+                      </row>
+                      <row>
+                        <entry><literal>%H</literal></entry>
+                        <entry>Host name</entry>
+                        <entry>The hostname of the running system at the point in time the unit configuation is loaded.</entry>
+                      </row>
+                      <row>
+                        <entry><literal>%v</literal></entry>
+                        <entry>Kernel release</entry>
+                        <entry>Identical to <command>uname -r</command> output</entry>
+                      </row>
+                      <row>
+                        <entry><literal>%%</literal></entry>
+                        <entry>Single percent sign</entry>
+                        <entry>Use <literal>%%</literal> in place of <literal>%</literal> to specify a single percent sign.</entry>
+                      </row>
+                    </tbody>
+                  </tgroup>
+                </table>
         </refsect1>
 
         <refsect1>
@@ -1014,7 +1378,12 @@
                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.path</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.snapshot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
-                        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+                        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.slice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.time</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.directives</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>uname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                 </para>
         </refsect1>