X-Git-Url: http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/ucgi/~ianmdlvl/git?p=elogind.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=man%2Fjournalctl.xml;h=da43bf28796e6515516ece9c60947c32ec1c941d;hp=d9ca0a6074d97f54683f049b22ed2da0cef0f9d8;hb=44bc6e1fe0171af19451b5586f7fdd08853ccf5b;hpb=2927b326ccf67236e148444679f582ea1437ef5a
diff --git a/man/journalctl.xml b/man/journalctl.xml
index d9ca0a607..da43bf287 100644
--- a/man/journalctl.xml
+++ b/man/journalctl.xml
@@ -64,11 +64,11 @@
journal as written by
systemd-journald.service8.
- If called without parameter it will show the full
+ If called without parameters, it will show the full
contents of the journal, starting with the oldest
entry collected.
- If one or more match arguments are passed the
+ If one or more match arguments are passed, the
output is filtered accordingly. A match is in the
format FIELD=VALUE,
e.g. _SYSTEMD_UNIT=httpd.service,
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
entry. See
systemd.journal-fields7
for a list of well-known fields. If multiple matches
- are specified matching different fields the log
+ are specified matching different fields, the log
entries are filtered by both, i.e. the resulting output
will show only entries matching all the specified
matches of this kind. If two matches apply to the same
@@ -84,29 +84,43 @@
alternatives, i.e. the resulting output will show
entries matching any of the specified matches for the
same field. Finally, if the character
- "+" appears as separate word on the
- command line all matches before and after are combined
+ + appears as separate word on the
+ command line, all matches before and after are combined
in a disjunction (i.e. logical OR).As shortcuts for a few types of field/value
- matches file paths may be specified. If a file path
+ matches, file paths may be specified. If a file path
refers to an executable file, this is equivalent to an
_EXE= match for the canonicalized
- binary path. Similar, if a path refers to a device
+ binary path. Similarly, if a path refers to a device
node, this is equivalent to a
_KERNEL_DEVICE= match for the
device.Output is interleaved from all accessible
journal files, whether they are rotated or currently
- being written, and regardless whether they belong to the
+ being written, and regardless of whether they belong to the
system itself or are accessible user journals.All users are granted access to their private
- per-user journals. However, by default only root and
+ per-user journals. However, by default, only root and
users who are members of the adm
group get access to the system journal and the
journals of other users.
+
+ The output is paged through
+ less by default, and long lines are
+ "truncated" to screen width. The hidden part can be
+ viewed by using the left-arrow and right-arrow
+ keys. Paging can be disabled, see
+ and section Environment
+ below.
+
+ When outputing to a tty, lines are colored
+ according to priority: lines of level ERROR and higher
+ are colored red, lines of level NOTICE and higher are
+ highlighted, and other lines are displayed normally.
+
@@ -138,6 +152,7 @@
+ Show all (printable) fields in
@@ -172,7 +187,7 @@
the end of the journal inside the
implied pager tool. This implies
to guarantee
- that the pager won't buffer logs of
+ that the pager will not buffer logs of
unbounded size. This may be overridden
with an explicit
with some other numeric value on the
@@ -218,53 +233,137 @@
Controls the
formatting of the journal entries that
- are shown. Takes one of
- short,
- short-monotonic,
- verbose,
- export,
- json,
- json-pretty,
- json-sse,
- cat. short
- is the default and generates an output
- that is mostly identical to the
- formatting of classic syslog log
- files, showing one line per journal
- entry. short-monotonic
- is very similar but shows monotonic
- timestamps instead of wallclock
- timestamps. verbose
- shows the full structured entry items
- with all
- fields. export
- serializes the journal into a binary
- (but mostly text-based) stream
- suitable for backups and network
- transfer (see Journal
- Export Format for more
- information). json
- formats entries as JSON data
- structures, one per
- line (see Journal
- JSON Format for more
- information). json-pretty
- also formats entries as JSON data
- structures, but formats them in
- multiple lines in order to make them
- more readable for
- humans. json-sse
- also formats entries as JSON data
- structures, but wraps them in a format
- suitable for Server-Sent
- Events. cat
- generates a very terse output only
- showing the actual message of each
- journal entry with no meta data, not
- even a timestamp.
+ are shown. Takes one of the following options:
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ is the default
+ and generates an output
+ that is mostly identical
+ to the formatting of
+ classic syslog files,
+ showing one line per
+ journal entry.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ is very similar
+ but shows monotonic
+ timestamps instead of
+ wallclock timestamps.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ is very similar
+ but shows ISO 8601
+ wallclock timestamps.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ shows the
+ full-structured entry
+ items with all fields.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serializes the
+ journal into a binary
+ (but mostly text-based)
+ stream suitable for
+ backups and network
+ transfer (see Journal
+ Export Format
+ for more
+ information).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formats entries
+ as JSON data structures,
+ one per line (see Journal
+ JSON Format for
+ more information).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formats entries as
+ JSON data structures,
+ but formats them in
+ multiple lines in order
+ to make them more
+ readable for humans.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formats entries as
+ JSON data structures,
+ but wraps them in a
+ format suitable for Server-Sent
+ Events.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ generates a very
+ terse output only
+ showing the actual
+ message of each journal
+ entry with no meta data,
+ not even a timestamp.
+
+
+
+
+
@@ -284,7 +383,7 @@
manuals. Note that help texts are not
available for all messages, but only
for selected ones. For more
- information on the message catalog
+ information on the message catalog,
please refer to the Message
Catalog Developer
@@ -312,23 +411,59 @@
-
-
+
+
+
+ Show messages from a specific
+ boot. This will add a match for
+ _BOOT_ID=.
+
+ The argument may be empty, in which case
+ logs for the current boot will be shown.
+
+ If the boot ID is omitted, a positive
+ offset will look up
+ the boots starting from the beginning of the
+ journal, and a equal-or-less-than zero
+ offset will look up
+ boots starting from the end of the
+ journal. Thus, 1 means the
+ first boot found in the journal in the
+ chronological order, 2 the
+ second and so on; while -0
+ is the last boot, -1 the
+ boot before that, and so on. An empty
+ offset is equivalent
+ to specifying -0, except
+ when the current boot is not the last boot
+ (e.g. because was
+ specified to look at logs from a different
+ machine).
+
+ If the 32 character
+ ID is specified, it
+ may optionally be followed by
+ offset which
+ identifies the boot relative to the one given by
+ boot ID. Negative
+ values mean earlier boots and a positive values
+ mean later boots. If
+ offset is not
+ specified, a value of zero is assumed and the
+ logs for the boot given by
+ ID are shown.
+
- Show data only from
- current boot. This will add a match
- for _BOOT_ID= for
- the current boot ID of the
- kernel.
+
- Show kernel messages from
- current boot. This implies
- and adds the match _TRANSPORT=kernel.
+ Show only kernel messages. This
+ implies and adds the match
+ _TRANSPORT=kernel.
@@ -385,10 +520,10 @@
notice (5),
info (6),
debug (7). If a
- single log level is specified all
+ single log level is specified, all
messages with this log level or a
lower (hence more important) log level
- are shown. If a range is specified all
+ are shown. If a range is specified, all
messages within the range are shown,
including both the start and the end
value of the range. This will add
@@ -407,6 +542,16 @@
cursor.
+
+
+
+ Start showing entries from the
+ location in the journal
+ after the location
+ specified by the this cursor.
+
+
+
@@ -414,14 +559,15 @@
Start showing entries
on or newer than the specified date,
or on or older than the specified
- date, respectively. Date specifications should be of
- the format "2012-10-30 18:17:16". If
- the time part is omitted, 00:00:00 is
- assumed. If only the seconds component
- is omitted, :00 is assumed. If the
- date component is omitted, the
- current day is assumed. Alternatively
- the strings
+ date, respectively. Date specifications
+ should be of the format
+ 2012-10-30 18:17:16.
+ If the time part is omitted,
+ 00:00:00 is assumed.
+ If only the seconds component is omitted,
+ :00 is assumed. If the
+ date component is omitted, the current
+ day is assumed. Alternatively the strings
yesterday,
today,
tomorrow are
@@ -448,22 +594,50 @@
-
-
+
+
- Takes a
- directory path as argument. If
- specified journalctl will operate on the
- specified journal directory instead of
- the default runtime and system journal
- paths.
+ Show messages from
+ system services and the kernel (with
+ ). Show
+ messages from service of current user
+ (with ).
+ If neither is specified, show all
+ messages that the user can see.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Takes a directory path
+ as argument. If specified, journalctl
+ will operate on the specified journal
+ directory
+ DIR instead
+ of the default runtime and system
+ journal paths.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Takes a file glob as
+ argument. If specified, journalctl will
+ operate on the specified journal files
+ matching GLOB
+ instead of the default runtime and
+ system journal paths. May be specified
+ multiple times, in which case files will
+ be suitably interleaved.Takes a directory path
- as argument. If specified journalctl
+ as argument. If specified, journalctl
will operate on catalog file hierarchy
underneath the specified directory
instead of the root directory
@@ -477,13 +651,13 @@
Instead of showing
- journal contents generate a new 128
+ journal contents, generate a new 128
bit ID suitable for identifying
messages. This is intended for usage
by developers who need a new
identifier for a new message they
introduce and want to make
- recognizable. Will print the new ID in
+ recognizable. This will print the new ID in
three different formats which can be
copied into source code or
similar.
@@ -493,7 +667,7 @@
Instead of showing
- journal contents show internal header
+ journal contents, show internal header
information of the journal fields
accessed.
@@ -557,21 +731,32 @@
Instead of showing
- journal contents generate a new key
+ journal contents, generate a new key
pair for Forward Secure Sealing
(FSS). This will generate a sealing
key and a verification key. The
sealing key is stored in the journal
data directory and shall remain on the
host. The verification key should be
- stored externally.
+ stored externally. Also see the
+ option in
+ journald.conf5
+ for details.
+
+
+
+
+
+ When --setup-keys is passed and
+ Forward Secure Sealing has already been set up,
+ recreate FSS keys.Specifies the change
- interval for the sealing key, when
+ interval for the sealing key when
generating an FSS key pair with
. Shorter
intervals increase CPU consumption but
@@ -587,9 +772,9 @@
Check the journal file
for internal consistency. If the
file has been generated with FSS
- enabled, and the FSS verification key
+ enabled and the FSS verification key
has been specified with
-
+ ,
authenticity of the journal file is
verified.
@@ -609,7 +794,7 @@
Exit status
- On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
code otherwise.
@@ -632,24 +817,24 @@
Examples
- Without arguments all collected logs are shown
+ Without arguments, all collected logs are shown
unfiltered:journalctl
- With one match specified all entries with a field matching the expression are shown:
+ With one match specified, all entries with a field matching the expression are shown:journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service
- If two different fields are matched only entries matching both expressions at the same time are shown:
+ If two different fields are matched, only entries matching both expressions at the same time are shown:journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _PID=28097
- If two matches refer to the same field all entries matching either expression are shown:
+ If two matches refer to the same field, all entries matching either expression are shown:journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _SYSTEMD_UNIT=dbus.service
- If the separator "+" is used
+ If the separator + is used,
two expressions may be combined in a logical OR. The
following will show all messages from the Avahi
service process with the PID 28097 plus all messages
@@ -666,6 +851,10 @@
journalctl /dev/sda
+ Show all kernel logs from last boot:
+
+ journalctl -k -b :
+