X-Git-Url: http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/ucgi/~ianmdlvl/git?p=elogind.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=NEWS;h=0d7376c475982cdae6d6958a56c62b2f7936dbbe;hp=7e2a441a502857c88b04bdcbc7046756108010d1;hb=678522cff0977ab4a9b3ed78fbbb8f602620eba4;hpb=f3a165b05d117b9a9657076fed6b265eb40d5ba3 diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS index 7e2a441a5..0d7376c47 100644 --- a/NEWS +++ b/NEWS @@ -1,5 +1,926 @@ systemd System and Service Manager +CHANGES WITH 212: + + * When restoring the screen brightness at boot, stay away from + the darkest setting or from the lowest 5% of the available + range, depending on which is the larger value of both. This + should effectively protect the user from rebooting into a + black screen, should the brightness have been set to minimum + by accident. + + * sd-login gained a new sd_machine_get_class() call to + determine the class ("vm" or "container") of a machine + registered with machined. + + * sd-login gained new calls + sd_peer_get_{session,owner_uid,unit,user_unit,slice,machine_name}(), + to query the identity of the peer of a local AF_UNIX + connection. They operate similar to their sd_pid_get_xyz() + counterparts. + + * PID 1 will now maintain a system-wide system state engine + with the states "starting", "running", "degraded", + "maintenance", "stopping". These states are bound to system + startup, normal runtime, runtime with at least one failed + service, rescue/emergency mode and system shutdown. This + state is shown in the "systemctl status" output when no unit + name is passed. It is useful to determine system state, in + particularly when doing so for many systems or containers at + once. + + * A new command "list-machines" has been added to "systemctl" + that lists all local OS containers and shows their system + state (see above), if systemd runs inside of them. + + * systemctl gained a new "-r" switch to recursively enumerate + units on all local containers, when used with the + "list-unit" command (which is the default one that is + executed when no parameters are specified). + + * The GPT automatic partition discovery logic will now honour + two GPT partition flags: one may be set on a partition to + cause it to be mounted read-only, and the other may be set + on a partition to ignore it during automatic discovery. + + * Two new GPT type UUIDs have been added for automatic root + partition discovery, for 32bit and 64bit ARM. This is not + particularly useful for discovering the root directory on + these architectures during bare-metal boots (since UEFI is + not common there), but still very useful to allow booting of + ARM disk images in nspawn with the -i option. + + * MAC addresses of interfaces created with nspawn's + --network-interface= switch will now be generated from the + machine name, and thus be stable between multiple invocations + of the container. + + * logind will now automatically remove all IPC objects owned + by a user if she or he fully logs out. This makes sure that + users who are logged out cannot continue to consume IPC + resources. This covers SysV memory, semaphores and message + queues as well as POSIX shared memory and message + queues. Traditionally SysV and POSIX IPC had no life-cycle + limits, with this functionality this is corrected. This may + be turned off using the RemoveIPC= switch of logind.conf. + + * The systemd-machine-id-setup and tmpfiles tools gained a + --root= switch to operate on a specific root directory, + instead of /. + + * journald can now forward logged messages to the TTYs of all + logged in users ("wall"). This is the default for all + emergency messages now. + + * A new tool systemd-journal-remote has been added to stream + journal log messages across the network. + + * /sys/fs/cgroup/ is now mounted read-only after all cgroup + controller trees are mounted into it. Note that the + directories mounted beneath it are not read-only. This is a + security measure and is particularly useful because glibc + actually includes a search logic to pick any tmpfs it can + find to implement shm_open() if /dev/shm is not available + (which it might very well be in namespaced setups). + + * machinectl gained a new "poweroff" command to cleanly power + down a local OS container. + + * The PrivateDevices= unit file setting will now also drop the + CAP_MKNOD capability from the capability bound set, and + imply DevicePolicy=closed. + + * PrivateDevices=, PrivateNetwork= and PrivateTmp= is now used + comprehensively on all long-running systemd services where + this is appropriate. + + * systemd-udevd will now run in a disassociated mount + namespace. To mount directories from udev rules make sure to + pull in mount units via SYSTEMD_WANTS properties. + + * The kdbus support gained support for uploading policy into + the kernel. sd-bus gained support for creating "monitoring" + connections that can eavesdrop into all bus communication + for debugging purposes. + + * Timestamps may now be specified in seconds since the UNIX + epoch Jan 1st, 1970 by specifying "@" followed by the value + in seconds. + + * Native tcpwrap support in systemd has been removed. tcpwrap + is old code, not really maintained anymore and has serious + shortcomings, and better options such as firewalls + exist. For setups that require tcpwrap usage, please + consider invoking your socket-activated service via tcpd, + like on traditional inetd. + + * A new system.conf configuration option + DefaultTimerAccuracySec= has been added that controls the + default AccuracySec= setting of .timer units. + + * Timer units gained a new WakeSystem= switch. If enabled + timers configured this way will cause the system to resume + from system suspend (if the system supports that, which most + do these days). + + * Timer units gained a new Persistent= switch. If enabled + timers configured this way will save to disk when they have + been last triggered. This information is then used on next + reboot to possible execute overdue timer events, that + couldn't take place because the system was powered off. This + enables simple anacron-like behaviour for timer units. + + * systemctl's "list-timers" will now also list the time a + timer unit was last triggered in addition to the next time + it will be triggered. + + * systemd-networkd will now assign predictable IPv4LL + addresses to its local interfaces. + + Contributions from: Brandon Philips, Daniel Buch, Daniel Mack, + Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Gerd Hoffmann, Greg + Kroah-Hartman, Hendrik Brueckner, Jason St. John, Josh + Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Marc-Antoine + Perennou, Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Miklos Vajna, + Patrik Flykt, poma, Sebastian Thorarensen, Thomas Bächler, + Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tomasz Torcz, Tom Gundersen, + Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Wieland Hoffmann, Zbigniew + Jędrzejewski-Szmek + + -- Berlin, 2014-03-25 + +CHANGES WITH 211: + + * A new unit file setting RestrictAddressFamilies= has been + added to restrict which socket address families unit + processes gain access to. This takes address family names + like "AF_INET" or "AF_UNIX", and is useful to minimize the + attack surface of services via exotic protocol stacks. This + is built on seccomp system call filters. + + * Two new unit file settings RuntimeDirectory= and + RuntimeDirectoryMode= have been added that may be used to + manage a per-daemon runtime directories below /run. This is + an alternative for setting up directory permissions with + tmpfiles snippets, and has the advantage that the runtime + directory's lifetime is bound to the daemon runtime and that + the daemon starts up with an empty directory each time. This + is particularly useful when writing services that drop + priviliges using the User= or Group= setting. + + * The DeviceAllow= unit setting now supports globbing for + matching against device group names. + + * The systemd configuration file system.conf gained new + settings DefaultCPUAccounting=, DefaultBlockIOAccounting=, + DefaultMemoryAccounting= to globally turn on/off accounting + for specific resources (cgroups) for all units. These + settings may still be overridden individually in each unit + though. + + * systemd-gpt-auto-generator is now able to discover /srv and + root partitions in addition to /home and swap partitions. It + also supports LUKS-encrypted partitions now. With this in + place automatic discovery of partitions to mount following + the Discoverable Partitions Specification + (http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec) + is now a lot more complete. This allows booting without + /etc/fstab and without root= on the kernel command line on + appropriately prepared systems. + + * systemd-nspawn gained a new --image= switch which allows + booting up disk images and Linux installations on any block + device that follow the Discoverable Partitions Specification + (see above). This means that installations made with + appropriately updated installers may now be started and + deployed using container managers, completely + unmodified. (We hope that libvirt-lxc will add support for + this feature soon, too.) + + * systemd-nspawn gained a new --network-macvlan= setting to + set up a private macvlan interface for the + container. Similar, systemd-networkd gained a new + Kind=macvlan setting in .netdev files. + + * systemd-networkd now supports configuring local addresses + using IPv4LL. + + * A new tool systemd-network-wait-online has been added to + synchronously wait for network connectivity using + systemd-networkd. + + * The sd-bus.h bus API gained a new sd_bus_track object for + tracking the life-cycle of bus peers. Note that sd-bus.h is + still not a public API though (unless you specify + --enable-kdbus on the configure command line, which however + voids your warranty and you get no API stability guarantee). + + * The $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR runtime directories for each user are + now individual tmpfs instances, which has the benefit of + introducing separate pools for each user, with individual + size limits, and thus making sure that unprivileged clients + can no longer negatively impact the system or other users by + filling up their $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR. A new logind.conf setting + RuntimeDirectorySize= has been introduced that allows + controlling the default size limit for all users. It + defaults to 10% of the available physical memory. This is no + replacement for quotas on tmpfs though (which the kernel + still does not support), as /dev/shm and /tmp are still + shared resources used by both the system and unprivileged + users. + + * logind will now automatically turn off automatic suspending + on laptop lid close when more than one display is + connected. This was previously expected to be implemented + individually in desktop environments (such as GNOME), + however has been added to logind now, in order to fix a + boot-time race where a desktop environment might not have + been started yet and thus not been able to take an inhibitor + lock at the time where logind already suspends the system + due to a closed lid. + + * logind will now wait at least 30s after each system + suspend/resume cycle, and 3min after system boot before + suspending the system due to a closed laptop lid. This + should give USB docking stations and similar enough time to + be probed and configured after system resume and boot in + order to then act as suspend blocker. + + * systemd-run gained a new --property= setting which allows + initialization of resource control properties (and others) + for the created scope or service unit. Example: "systemd-run + --property=BlockIOWeight=10 updatedb" may be used to run + updatedb at a low block IO scheduling weight. + + * systemd-run's --uid=, --gid=, --setenv=, --setenv= switches + now also work in --scope mode. + + * When systemd is compiled with kdbus support, basic support + for enforced policies is now in place. (Note that enabling + kdbus still voids your warranty and no API compatibility + promises are made.) + + Contributions from: Andrey Borzenkov, Ansgar Burchardt, Armin + K., Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Djalal Harouni, + Harald Hoyer, Henrik Grindal Bakken, Jasper St. Pierre, Kay + Sievers, Kieran Clancy, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, + Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann, Mark Oteiza, Martin Pitt, + Mike Gilbert, Peter Rajnoha, poma, Samuli Suominen, Stef + Walter, Susant Sahani, Tero Roponen, Thomas Andersen, Thomas + Bächler, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tomasz Torcz, Tom + Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Uoti Urpala, Zachary Cook, + Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek + + -- Berlin, 2014-03-12 + +CHANGES WITH 210: + + * systemd will now relabel /dev after loading the SMACK policy + according to SMACK rules. + + * A new unit file option AppArmorProfile= has been added to + set the AppArmor profile for the processes of a unit. + + * A new condition check ConditionArchitecture= has been added + to conditionalize units based on the system architecture, as + reported by uname()'s "machine" field. + + * systemd-networkd now supports matching on the system + virtualization, architecture, kernel command line, host name + and machine ID. + + * logind is now a lot more aggressive when suspending the + machine due to a closed laptop lid. Instead of acting only + on the lid close action it will continuously watch the lid + status and act on it. This is useful for laptops where the + power button is on the outside of the chassis so that it can + be reached without opening the lid (such as the Lenovo + Yoga). On those machines logind will now immediately + re-suspend the machine if the power button has been + accidentally pressed while the laptop was suspended and in a + backpack or similar. + + * logind will now watch SW_DOCK switches and inhibit reaction + to the lid switch if it is pressed. This means that logind + will not suspend the machine anymore if the lid is closed + and the system is docked, if the laptop supports SW_DOCK + notifications via the input layer. Note that ACPI docking + stations do not generate this currently. Also note that this + logic is usually not fully sufficient and Desktop + Environments should take a lid switch inhibitor lock when an + external display is connected, as systemd will not watch + this on its own. + + * nspawn will now make use of the devices cgroup controller by + default, and only permit creation of and access to the usual + API device nodes like /dev/null or /dev/random, as well as + access to (but not creation of) the pty devices. + + * We will now ship a default .network file for + systemd-networkd that automatically configures DHCP for + network interfaces created by nspawn's --network-veth or + --network-bridge= switches. + + * systemd will now understand the usual M, K, G, T suffixes + according to SI conventions (i.e. to the base 1000) when + referring to throughput and hardware metrics. It will stay + with IEC conventions (i.e. to the base 1024) for software + metrics, according to what is customary according to + Wikipedia. We explicitly document which base applies for + each configuration option. + + * The DeviceAllow= setting in unit files now supports a syntax + to whitelist an entire group of devices node majors at once, + based on the /proc/devices listing. For example, with the + string "char-pts" it is now possible to whitelist all + current and future pseudo-TTYs at once. + + * sd-event learned a new "post" event source. Event sources of + this type are triggered by the dispatching of any event + source of a type that is not "post". This is useful for + implementing clean-up and check event sources that are + triggered by other work being done in the program. + + * systemd-networkd is no longer statically enabled, but uses + the usual [Install] sections so that it can be + enabled/disabled using systemctl. It still is enabled by + default however. + + * When creating a veth interface pair with systemd-nspawn the + host side will now be prefixed with "vb-" if + --network-bridge= is used, and with "ve-" if --network-veth + is used. This way it is easy to distinguish these cases on + the host, for example to apply different configuration to + them with systemd-networkd. + + * The compatibility libraries for libsystemd-journal.so, + libsystem-id128.so, libsystemd-login.so and + libsystemd-daemon.so do not make use of IFUNC + anymore. Instead we now build libsystemd.so multiple times + under these alternative names. This means that the footprint + is drastically increased, but given that these are + transitional compatibility libraries this shouldn't matter + much. This change has been made necessary to support the ARM + platform for these compatibility libraries, as the ARM + toolchain isn't really at the same level as the toolchain + for other architectures like x86 and does not support + IFUNC. Please make sure to use --enable-compat-libs only + during a transitional period! + + Contributions from: Andreas Fuchs, Armin K., Colin Walters, + Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Djalal Harouni, + Holger Schurig, Jason A. Donenfeld, Jason St. John, Jasper + St. Pierre, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Łukasz Stelmach, + Marcel Holtmann, Michael Scherer, Michal Sekletar, Mike + Gilbert, Samuli Suominen, Thomas Bächler, Thomas Hindoe + Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, + Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek + + -- Berlin, 2014-02-24 + +CHANGES WITH 209: + + * A new component "systemd-networkd" has been added that can + be used to configure local network interfaces statically or + via DHCP. It is capable of bringing up bridges, VLANs, and + bonding. Currently, no hook-ups for interactive network + configuration are provided. Use this for your initrd, + container, embedded, or server setup if you need a simple, + yet powerful, network configuration solution. This + configuration subsystem is quite nifty, as it allows wildcard + hotplug matching in interfaces. For example, with a single + configuration snippet, you can configure that all Ethernet + interfaces showing up are automatically added to a bridge, + or similar. It supports link-sensing and more. + + * A new tool "systemd-socket-proxyd" has been added which can + act as a bidirectional proxy for TCP sockets. This is + useful for adding socket activation support to services that + do not actually support socket activation, including virtual + machines and the like. + + * Add a new tool to save/restore rfkill state on + shutdown/boot. + + * Save/restore state of keyboard backlights in addition to + display backlights on shutdown/boot. + + * udev learned a new SECLABEL{} construct to label device + nodes with a specific security label when they appear. For + now, only SECLABEL{selinux} is supported, but the syntax is + prepared for additional security frameworks. + + * udev gained a new scheme to configure link-level attributes + from files in /etc/systemd/network/*.link. These files can + match against MAC address, device path, driver name and type, + and will apply attributes like the naming policy, link speed, + MTU, duplex settings, Wake-on-LAN settings, MAC address, MAC + address assignment policy (randomized, ...). + + * The configuration of network interface naming rules for + "permanent interface names" has changed: a new NamePolicy= + setting in the [Link] section of .link files determines the + priority of possible naming schemes (onboard, slot, mac, + path). The default value of this setting is determined by + /usr/lib/net/links/99-default.link. Old + 80-net-name-slot.rules udev configuration file has been + removed, so local configuration overriding this file should + be adapated to override 99-default.link instead. + + * When the User= switch is used in a unit file, also + initialize $SHELL= based on the user database entry. + + * systemd no longer depends on libdbus. All communication is + now done with sd-bus, systemd's low-level bus library + implementation. + + * kdbus support has been added to PID 1 itself. When kdbus is + enabled, this causes PID 1 to set up the system bus and + enable support for a new ".busname" unit type that + encapsulates bus name activation on kdbus. It works a little + bit like ".socket" units, except for bus names. A new + generator has been added that converts classic dbus1 service + activation files automatically into native systemd .busname + and .service units. + + * sd-bus: add a light-weight vtable implementation that allows + defining objects on the bus with a simple static const + vtable array of its methods, signals and properties. + + * systemd will not generate or install static dbus + introspection data anymore to /usr/share/dbus-1/interfaces, + as the precise format of these files is unclear, and + nothing makes use of it. + + * A proxy daemon is now provided to proxy clients connecting + via classic D-Bus AF_UNIX sockets to kdbus, to provide full + compatibility with classic D-Bus. + + * A bus driver implementation has been added that supports the + classic D-Bus bus driver calls on kdbus, also for + compatibility purposes. + + * A new API "sd-event.h" has been added that implements a + minimal event loop API built around epoll. It provides a + couple of features that direct epoll usage is lacking: + prioritization of events, scales to large numbers of timer + events, per-event timer slack (accuracy), system-wide + coalescing of timer events, exit handlers, watchdog + supervision support using systemd's sd_notify() API, child + process handling. + + * A new API "sd-rntl.h" has been added that provides an API + around the route netlink interface of the kernel, similar in + style to "sd-bus.h". + + * A new API "sd-dhcp-client.h" has been added that provides a + small DHCPv4 client-side implementation. This is used by + "systemd-networkd". + + * There is a new kernel command line option + "systemd.restore_state=0|1". When set to "0", none of the + systemd tools will restore saved runtime state to hardware + devices. More specifically, the rfkill and backlight states + are not restored. + + * The FsckPassNo= compatibility option in mount/service units + has been removed. The fstab generator will now add the + necessary dependencies automatically, and does not require + PID1's support for that anymore. + + * journalctl gained a new switch, --list-boots, that lists + recent boots with their times and boot IDs. + + * The various tools like systemctl, loginctl, timedatectl, + busctl, systemd-run, ... have gained a new switch "-M" to + connect to a specific, local OS container (as direct + connection, without requiring SSH). This works on any + container that is registered with machined, such as those + created by libvirt-lxc or nspawn. + + * systemd-run and systemd-analyze also gained support for "-H" + to connect to remote hosts via SSH. This is particularly + useful for systemd-run because it enables queuing of jobs + onto remote systems. + + * machinectl gained a new command "login" to open a getty + login in any local container. This works with any container + that is registered with machined (such as those created by + libvirt-lxc or nspawn), and which runs systemd inside. + + * machinectl gained a new "reboot" command that may be used to + trigger a reboot on a specific container that is registered + with machined. This works on any container that runs an init + system of some kind. + + * systemctl gained a new "list-timers" command to print a nice + listing of installed timer units with the times they elapse + next. + + * Alternative reboot() parameters may now be specified on the + "systemctl reboot" command line and are passed to the + reboot() system call. + + * systemctl gained a new --job-mode= switch to configure the + mode to queue a job with. This is a more generic version of + --fail, --irreversible, and --ignore-dependencies, which are + still available but not advertised anymore. + + * /etc/systemd/system.conf gained new settings to configure + various default timeouts of units, as well as the default + start limit interval and burst. These may still be overridden + within each Unit. + + * PID1 will now export on the bus profile data of the security + policy upload process (such as the SELinux policy upload to + the kernel). + + * journald: when forwarding logs to the console, include + timestamps (following the setting in + /sys/module/printk/parameters/time). + + * OnCalendar= in timer units now understands the special + strings "yearly" and "annually". (Both are equivalent) + + * The accuracy of timer units is now configurable with the new + AccuracySec= setting. It defaults to 1min. + + * A new dependency type JoinsNamespaceOf= has been added that + allows running two services within the same /tmp and network + namespace, if PrivateNetwork= or PrivateTmp= are used. + + * A new command "cat" has been added to systemctl. It outputs + the original unit file of a unit, and concatenates the + contents of additional "drop-in" unit file snippets, so that + the full configuration is shown. + + * systemctl now supports globbing on the various "list-xyz" + commands, like "list-units" or "list-sockets", as well as on + those commands which take multiple unit names. + + * journalctl's --unit= switch gained support for globbing. + + * All systemd daemons now make use of the watchdog logic so + that systemd automatically notices when they hang. + + * If the $container_ttys environment variable is set, + getty-generator will automatically spawn a getty for each + listed tty. This is useful for container managers to request + login gettys to be spawned on as many ttys as needed. + + * %h, %s, %U specifier support is not available anymore when + used in unit files for PID 1. This is because NSS calls are + not safe from PID 1. They stay available for --user + instances of systemd, and as special case for the root user. + + * loginctl gained a new "--no-legend" switch to turn off output + of the legend text. + + * The "sd-login.h" API gained three new calls: + sd_session_is_remote(), sd_session_get_remote_user(), + sd_session_get_remote_host() to query information about + remote sessions. + + * The udev hardware database now also carries vendor/product + information of SDIO devices. + + * The "sd-daemon.h" API gained a new sd_watchdog_enabled() to + determine whether watchdog notifications are requested by + the system manager. + + * Socket-activated per-connection services now include a + short description of the connection parameters in the + description. + + * tmpfiles gained a new "--boot" option. When this is not used, + only lines where the command character is not suffixed with + "!" are executed. When this option is specified, those + options are executed too. This partitions tmpfiles + directives into those that can be safely executed at any + time, and those which should be run only at boot (for + example, a line that creates /run/nologin). + + * A new API "sd-resolve.h" has been added which provides a simple + asynchronous wrapper around glibc NSS host name resolution + calls, such as getaddrinfo(). In contrast to glibc's + getaddrinfo_a(), it does not use signals. In contrast to most + other asynchronous name resolution libraries, this one does + not reimplement DNS, but reuses NSS, so that alternate + host name resolution systems continue to work, such as mDNS, + LDAP, etc. This API is based on libasyncns, but it has been + cleaned up for inclusion in systemd. + + * The APIs "sd-journal.h", "sd-login.h", "sd-id128.h", + "sd-daemon.h" are no longer found in individual libraries + libsystemd-journal.so, libsystemd-login.so, + libsystemd-id128.so, libsystemd-daemon.so. Instead, we have + merged them into a single library, libsystemd.so, which + provides all symbols. The reason for this is cyclic + dependencies, as these libraries tend to use each other's + symbols. So far, we've managed to workaround that by linking + a copy of a good part of our code into each of these + libraries again and again, which, however, makes certain + things hard to do, like sharing static variables. Also, it + substantially increases footprint. With this change, there + is only one library for the basic APIs systemd + provides. Also, "sd-bus.h", "sd-memfd.h", "sd-event.h", + "sd-rtnl.h", "sd-resolve.h", "sd-utf8.h" are found in this + library as well, however are subject to the --enable-kdbus + switch (see below). Note that "sd-dhcp-client.h" is not part + of this library (this is because it only consumes, never + provides, services of/to other APIs). To make the transition + easy from the separate libraries to the unified one, we + provide the --enable-compat-libs compile-time switch which + will generate stub libraries that are compatible with the + old ones but redirect all calls to the new one. + + * All of the kdbus logic and the new APIs "sd-bus.h", + "sd-memfd.h", "sd-event.h", "sd-rtnl.h", "sd-resolve.h", + and "sd-utf8.h" are compile-time optional via the + "--enable-kdbus" switch, and they are not compiled in by + default. To make use of kdbus, you have to explicitly enable + the switch. Note however, that neither the kernel nor the + userspace API for all of this is considered stable yet. We + want to maintain the freedom to still change the APIs for + now. By specifying this build-time switch, you acknowledge + that you are aware of the instability of the current + APIs. + + * Also, note that while kdbus is pretty much complete, + it lacks one thing: proper policy support. This means you + can build a fully working system with all features; however, + it will be highly insecure. Policy support will be added in + one of the next releases, at the same time that we will + declare the APIs stable. + + * When the kernel command-line argument "kdbus" is specified, + systemd will automatically load the kdbus.ko kernel module. At + this stage of development, it is only useful for testing kdbus + and should not be used in production. Note: if "--enable-kdbus" + is specified, and the kdbus.ko kernel module is available, and + "kdbus" is added to the kernel command line, the entire system + runs with kdbus instead of dbus-daemon, with the above mentioned + problem of missing the system policy enforcement. Also a future + version of kdbus.ko or a newer systemd will not be compatible with + each other, and will unlikely be able to boot the machine if only + one of them is updated. + + * systemctl gained a new "import-environment" command which + uploads the caller's environment (or parts thereof) into the + service manager so that it is inherited by services started + by the manager. This is useful to upload variables like + $DISPLAY into the user service manager. + + * A new PrivateDevices= switch has been added to service units + which allows running a service with a namespaced /dev + directory that does not contain any device nodes for + physical devices. More specifically, it only includes devices + such as /dev/null, /dev/urandom, and /dev/zero which are API + entry points. + + * logind has been extended to support behaviour like VT + switching on seats that do not support a VT. This makes + multi-session available on seats that are not the first seat + (seat0), and on systems where kernel support for VTs has + been disabled at compile-time. + + * If a process holds a delay lock for system sleep or shutdown + and fails to release it in time, we will now log its + identity. This makes it easier to identify processes that + cause slow suspends or power-offs. + + * When parsing /etc/crypttab, support for a new key-slot= + option as supported by Debian is added. It allows indicating + which LUKS slot to use on disk, speeding up key loading. + + * The sd_journald_sendv() API call has been checked and + officially declared to be async-signal-safe so that it may + be invoked from signal handlers for logging purposes. + + * Boot-time status output is now enabled automatically after a + short timeout if boot does not progress, in order to give + the user an indication what she or he is waiting for. + + * The boot-time output has been improved to show how much time + remains until jobs expire. + + * The KillMode= switch in service units gained a new possible + value "mixed". If set, and the unit is shut down, then the + initial SIGTERM signal is sent only to the main daemon + process, while the following SIGKILL signal is sent to + all remaining processes of the service. + + * When a scope unit is registered, a new property "Controller" + may be set. If set to a valid bus name, systemd will send a + RequestStop() signal to this name when it would like to shut + down the scope. This may be used to hook manager logic into + the shutdown logic of scope units. Also, scope units may now + be put in a special "abandoned" state, in which case the + manager process which created them takes no further + responsibilities for it. + + * When reading unit files, systemd will now verify + the access mode of these files, and warn about certain + suspicious combinations. This has been added to make it + easier to track down packaging bugs where unit files are + marked executable or world-writable. + + * systemd-nspawn gained a new "--setenv=" switch to set + container-wide environment variables. The similar option in + systemd-activate was renamed from "--environment=" to + "--setenv=" for consistency. + + * systemd-nspawn has been updated to create a new kdbus domain + for each container that is invoked, thus allowing each + container to have its own set of system and user buses, + independent of the host. + + * systemd-nspawn gained a new --drop-capability= switch to run + the container with less capabilities than the default. Both + --drop-capability= and --capability= now take the special + string "all" for dropping or keeping all capabilities. + + * systemd-nspawn gained new switches for executing containers + with specific SELinux labels set. + + * systemd-nspawn gained a new --quiet switch to not generate + any additional output but the container's own console + output. + + * systemd-nspawn gained a new --share-system switch to run a + container without PID namespacing enabled. + + * systemd-nspawn gained a new --register= switch to control + whether the container is registered with systemd-machined or + not. This is useful for containers that do not run full + OS images, but only specific apps. + + * systemd-nspawn gained a new --keep-unit which may be used + when invoked as the only program from a service unit, and + results in registration of the unit service itself in + systemd-machined, instead of a newly opened scope unit. + + * systemd-nspawn gained a new --network-interface= switch for + moving arbitrary interfaces to the container. The new + --network-veth switch creates a virtual Ethernet connection + between host and container. The new --network-bridge= + switch then allows assigning the host side of this virtual + Ethernet connection to a bridge device. + + * systemd-nspawn gained a new --personality= switch for + setting the kernel personality for the container. This is + useful when running a 32bit container on a 64bit host. A + similar option Personality= is now also available in service + units. + + * logind will now also track a "Desktop" identifier for each + session which encodes the desktop environment of it. This is + useful for desktop environments that want to identify + multiple running sessions of itself easily. + + * A new SELinuxContext= setting for service units has been + added that allows setting a specific SELinux execution + context for a service. + + * Most systemd client tools will now honour $SYSTEMD_LESS for + settings of the "less" pager. By default, these tools will + override $LESS to allow certain operations to work, such as + jump-to-the-end. With $SYSTEMD_LESS, it is possible to + influence this logic. + + * systemd's "seccomp" hook-up has been changed to make use of + the libseccomp library instead of using its own + implementation. This has benefits for portability among + other things. + + * For usage together with SystemCallFilter=, a new + SystemCallErrorNumber= setting has been introduced that + allows configuration of a system error number to return on + filtered system calls, instead of immediately killing the + process. Also, SystemCallArchitectures= has been added to + limit access to system calls of a particular architecture + (in order to turn off support for unused secondary + architectures). There is also a global + SystemCallArchitectures= setting in system.conf now to turn + off support for non-native system calls system-wide. + + * systemd requires a kernel with a working name_to_handle_at(), + please see the kernel config requirements in the README file. + + Contributions from: Adam Williamson, Alex Jia, Anatol Pomozov, + Ansgar Burchardt, AppleBloom, Auke Kok, Bastien Nocera, + Chengwei Yang, Christian Seiler, Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, + Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Daniele Medri, Daniel J + Walsh, Daniel Mack, Dan McGee, Dave Reisner, David Coppa, + David Herrmann, David Strauss, Djalal Harouni, Dmitry Pisklov, + Elia Pinto, Florian Weimer, George McCollister, Goffredo + Baroncelli, Greg Kroah-Hartman, Hendrik Brueckner, Igor + Zhbanov, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, Jason A. Donenfeld, + Jason St. John, Jasper St. Pierre, Jóhann B. Guðmundsson, Jose + Ignacio Naranjo, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, Kristian Høgsberg, + Lennart Poettering, Lubomir Rintel, Lukas Nykryn, Lukasz + Skalski, Łukasz Stelmach, Luke Shumaker, Mantas Mikulėnas, + Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marcel Holtmann, Marcos Felipe Rasia de + Mello, Marko Myllynen, Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Michael + Marineau, Michael Scherer, Michał Górny, Michal Sekletar, + Michele Curti, Oleksii Shevchuk, Olivier Brunel, Patrik Flykt, + Pavel Holica, Raudi, Richard Marko, Ronny Chevalier, Sébastien + Luttringer, Sergey Ptashnick, Shawn Landden, Simon Peeters, + Stefan Beller, Susant Sahani, Sylvain Plantefeve, Sylvia Else, + Tero Roponen, Thomas Bächler, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, + Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Unai Uribarri, Václav + Pavlín, Vincent Batts, WaLyong Cho, William Giokas, Yang + Zhiyong, Yin Kangkai, Yuxuan Shui, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek + + -- Berlin, 2014-02-20 + +CHANGES WITH 208: + + * logind has gained support for facilitating privileged input + and drm device access for unprivileged clients. This work is + useful to allow Wayland display servers (and similar + programs, such as kmscon) to run under the user's ID and + access input and drm devices which are normally + protected. When this is used (and the kernel is new enough) + logind will "mute" IO on the file descriptors passed to + Wayland as long as it is in the background and "unmute" it + if it returns into the foreground. This allows secure + session switching without allowing background sessions to + eavesdrop on input and display data. This also introduces + session switching support if VT support is turned off in the + kernel, and on seats that are not seat0. + + * A new kernel command line option luks.options= is understood + now which allows specifiying LUKS options for usage for LUKS + encrypted partitions specified with luks.uuid=. + + * tmpfiles.d(5) snippets may now use specifier expansion in + path names. More specifically %m, %b, %H, %v, are now + replaced by the local machine id, boot id, hostname, and + kernel version number. + + * A new tmpfiles.d(5) command "m" has been introduced which + may be used to change the owner/group/access mode of a file + or directory if it exists, but do nothing if it doesn't. + + * This release removes high-level support for the + MemorySoftLimit= cgroup setting. The underlying kernel + cgroup attribute memory.soft_limit= is currently badly + designed and likely to be removed from the kernel API in its + current form, hence we shouldn't expose it for now. + + * The memory.use_hierarchy cgroup attribute is now enabled for + all cgroups systemd creates in the memory cgroup + hierarchy. This option is likely to be come the built-in + default in the kernel anyway, and the non-hierarchial mode + never made much sense in the intrinsically hierarchial + cgroup system. + + * A new field _SYSTEMD_SLICE= is logged along with all journal + messages containing the slice a message was generated + from. This is useful to allow easy per-customer filtering of + logs among other things. + + * systemd-journald will no longer adjust the group of journal + files it creates to the "systemd-journal" group. Instead we + rely on the journal directory to be owned by the + "systemd-journal" group, and its setgid bit set, so that the + kernel file system layer will automatically enforce that + journal files inherit this group assignment. The reason for + this change is that we cannot allow NSS look-ups from + journald which would be necessary to resolve + "systemd-journal" to a numeric GID, because this might + create deadlocks if NSS involves synchronous queries to + other daemons (such as nscd, or sssd) which in turn are + logging clients of journald and might block on it, which + would then dead lock. A tmpfiles.d(5) snippet included in + systemd will make sure the setgid bit and group are + properly set on the journal directory if it exists on every + boot. However, we recommend adjusting it manually after + upgrades too (or from RPM scriptlets), so that the change is + not delayed until next reboot. + + * Backlight and random seed files in /var/lib/ have moved into + the /var/lib/systemd/ directory, in order to centralize all + systemd generated files in one directory. + + * Boot time performance measurements (as displayed by + "systemd-analyze" for example) will now read ACPI 5.0 FPDT + performance information if that's available to determine how + much time BIOS and boot loader initialization required. With + a sufficiently new BIOS you hence no longer need to boot + with Gummiboot to get access to such information. + + Contributions from: Andrey Borzenkov, Chen Jie, Colin Walters, + Cristian Rodríguez, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, David + Mackey, David Strauss, Eelco Dolstra, Evan Callicoat, Gao + feng, Harald Hoyer, Jimmie Tauriainen, Kay Sievers, Lennart + Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt, + Michael Scherer, Michał Górny, Mike Gilbert, Patrick McCarty, + Sebastian Ott, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek + + -- Berlin, 2013-10-02 + CHANGES WITH 207: * The Restart= option for services now understands a new @@ -37,7 +958,7 @@ CHANGES WITH 207: * The option "discard" (as known from Debian) is now synonymous to "allow-discards" in /etc/crypttab. In fact, - the latter is preferred now (since it is easier to remember + "discard" is preferred now (since it is easier to remember and type). * Some licensing clean-ups were made, so that more code is now @@ -62,12 +983,13 @@ CHANGES WITH 207: environment for all services, do so via the kernel command line systemd.setenv= assignment. - * The systemd-sysctl tool no longer natively reads the - file /etc/sysctl.conf. If desired, the file should be - symlinked from /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf. Apart from - providing legacy support by a symlink rather than built-in - code, it also makes the otherwise hidden order of application - of the different files visible. + * The systemd-sysctl tool no longer natively reads the file + /etc/sysctl.conf. If desired, the file should be symlinked + from /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf. Apart from providing + legacy support by a symlink rather than built-in code, it + also makes the otherwise hidden order of application of the + different files visible. (Note that this partly reverts to a + pre-198 application order of sysctl knobs!) * The "systemctl set-log-level" and "systemctl dump" commands have been moved to systemd-analyze.